United Nations S/PV.7361 Security Council Provisional asdf Seventieth year 7361st meeting Monday, 19 January 2015, 9.30 a.m. New York

President: Ms. Bachelet Jeria/Mr. Barros Melet/Mr. Olguín Cigarroa .. . (Chile)

Members: Angola ...... Mr. Augusto Chad ...... Mr. Cherif China ...... Mr. Liu Jieyi France ...... Mr. Lamek Jordan ...... Mr. Hmoud Lithuania ...... Ms. Murmokaitė Malaysia ...... Mr. Haniff New Zealand...... Mr. McLay Nigeria ...... Mr. Laro Russian Federation ...... Mr. Churkin Spain ...... Mr. Ybañez United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . . Sir Mark Lyall Grant United States of America ...... Ms. Power Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) ...... Mr. Ramírez Carreño

Agenda Maintenance of international peace and security Inclusive development for the maintenance of international peace and security Letter dated 6 January 2015 from the Permanent Representative of Chile to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General (S/2015/6)

This record contains the text of speeches delivered in English and of the translation of speeches delivered in other languages. The final text will be printed in the Official Records of the Security Council. Corrections should be submitted to the original languages only. They should be incorporated in a copy of the record and sent under the signature of a member of the delegation concerned to the Chief of the Verbatim Reporting Service, room U-0506 ([email protected]). Corrected records will be reissued electronically on the Official Document System of the United Nations (http://documents.un.org). 15-01584 (E) *1501584* S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015

The meeting was called to order at 9.35 a.m. The Security Council will now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda. Adoption of the agenda I wish to draw the attention of Council members The agenda was adopted. to document S/2015/6, which contains the text of a letter dated 6 January 2015 from the Permanent Maintenance of international peace and security Representative of Chile to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General, transmitting a concept note Inclusive development for the maintenance of on the item under consideration. international peace and security I now give the floor to His Excellency Secretary- Letter dated 6 January 2015 from the General Ban Ki-moon. Permanent Representative of Chile to the United Nations addressed to the The Secretary-General: I thank Chile and you, Secretary-General (S/2015/6) Madam President, for organizing today’s debate on a subject that is central to the mission of the United The President (spoke in Spanish): I would like Nations, namely, how inclusive development can to warmly welcome the Secretary-General and the promote peace and security. ministers and other representatives who are present in the Chamber. Their participation in this debate Since this is my first time participating in the reaffirms the importance of the topic we are dealing Security Council this year, I would like to wish all with today. Council members and others participating today a happy new year. In accordance with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the I also take this opportunity to welcome the new representatives of Argentina, Armenia, Austria, members: Angola, Malaysia, New Zealand, Spain and Azerbaijan, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Cambodia, Venezuela. I count on their leadership and commitment Canada, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Ecuador, in addressing world peace and security. I would also Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Georgia, like to thank the outgoing members — Argentina, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Hungary, India, Australia, Luxembourg, the Republic of Korea and Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Rwanda — for their contributions. Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Luxembourg, I thank President Bachelet Jeria again for leading Mexico, Montenegro, Morocco, the Netherlands, the Council in this debate, and for her commitment Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, and drive as the first head of UN-Women, where she the Republic of Korea, Rwanda, Slovakia, Slovenia, successfully raised the profile of women’s rights around Somalia, South Africa, Sweden, Thailand, Timor-Leste, the world. And I thank Nobel Peace Laureate Leymah Turkey, Uruguay, Viet Nam and Yemen to participate in Gbowee for her contribution to today’s debate. this meeting. Our Organization is built around three pillars: peace In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s and security, development and human rights. In dealing provisional rules of procedure, I invite His Excellency with the enormous and complex challenges of each, we Mr. Antonio de Aguiar Patriota, Permanent sometimes pay little attention to their interdependence. Representative of Brazil and Chair of the Peacebuilding But the founders of the United Nations well understood Commission, and Ms. Leymah Gbowee, President of that, if we ignored one pillar, we imperilled the other the Gbowee Peace Foundation Africa, to participate in two. We must break out of our silos and work together this meeting. on all three areas simultaneously. That is why I very In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s much welcome the Security Council’s focus today on provisional rules of procedure, I invite His Excellency inclusive development. Mr. Thomas Mayr-Harting, Head of the Delegation of The year 2015 is a year of action on sustainable the European Union to the United Nations, and His development. We are striving to complete the work of Excellency Mr. Téte António, Permanent Observer of the Millennium Development Goals, to launch a new the African Union to the United Nations, to participate post-2015 sustainable development agenda and to reach in this meeting. an agreement on climate change.

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I am encouraged to note that in their deliberations lack any social protection at all — no pensions, no so far Member States have paid considerable safety net in times of illness or unemployment. attention to peace and security and to human rights. Post-conflict societies in particular must prioritize In the General Assembly’s Open Working Group on social, economic and political inclusion if they are to Sustainable Development Goals, Member States have have any hope of rebuilding trust between communities. stressed the importance of inclusive growth and decent Gender equality and women’s empowerment are a key work in building a better future. They have called for condition if women are to contribute to reconciliation reducing inequality and ensuring universal access to and reconstruction. basic services, including health care and education. Significantly, they have explicitly linked peace with Even in countries at peace, inclusive development social inclusion and access to justice for all, and called will not happen by accident. Governments, the for inclusive, representative decision-making. private sector and civil society. must demonstrate their commitment to education, health, job creation My own contribution to this debate underscores and other key steps. The institutions of governance the importance of justice to build peaceful and and political representation are some of the most inclusive societies by promoting strong and responsive crucial determinants of inclusive development. People institutions, as reflected in the synthesis report need effective, responsive channels for voicing their (A/69/700) that I presented to the General Assembly views and addressing their grievances and concerns. last month. With the full membership of the United The United Nations system stands ready to increase Nations beginning its negotiations later this morning, its support for countries in promoting inclusive we now have an important opportunity to broaden the development. The Peacebuilding Commission provides development agenda and highlight the fundamental coordinated international support targeted at countries importance of inclusive societies in building a more emerging from conflict. The current review of the peaceful world. United Nations peacebuilding architecture should help to make that support more robust and flexible. All countries and all societies can benefit from sustainable and inclusive development, whether they The post-2015 sustainable development agenda is an are rich or poor, developed or developing, in conflict important opportunity to reinforce the interdependence or at peace. There is a growing consensus that the high of development, peace and security, and human rights. levels of inequality we have seen in recent decades are I urge all members of the Security Council to play their socially, politically and environmentally damaging. part in making sure that this message is heard in the Development that excludes part of the population can be continuing negotiations and in the final agreement. socially corrosive. It can contribute to crime and create The President (spoke in Spanish): I thank the a sense of hopelessness and alienation — conditions Secretary-General for his statement. that can breed extremism. Inequality can lead to the concentration of power in the hands of the few, I now give the floor to Mr. Patriota. undermining democracy. And it can lead to the Mr. Patriota (spoke in Spanish): Allow me at the unregulated exploitation of natural resources, further outset to convey to you, Madam, our warm and brotherly degrading the environment. welcome to New York and to commend you for having Despite that consensus, exclusion and inequality proposed a Security Council debate on today’s very persist. In many countries, the poor, migrants, people timely theme. living with disabilities, indigenous groups and older (spoke in English) people have little or no access to basic services and cannot participate in political dialogue. I thank you for inviting me to participate in this important debate in my capacity as the Chair of the Discrimination against women and girls is a blatant Peacebuilding Commission. The theme for this debate is injustice, denying them opportunities for education, intrinsically linked to the Peacebuilding Commission’s health and other services, jobs and leadership positions mandate and its objective to build lasting and durable and hindering their own development and that of their peace and to prevent relapse into violent conflict. communities and societies. Inclusion is a central aspect of peacebuilding. Social security provision is desperately inadequate War and conflict within countries mar society’s social around the world. More than half the world’s people fabric with deep rifts and hatred. Mending these

15-01584 3/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 ruptures often requires dialogue involving warring the peacebuilding architecture should help us in further parties and non-military groups, as well as mechanisms reinforcing this role of the Commission. to allow broader engagement in political processes, I would like to point to a few cases where the social structures and development strategies. Political Peacebuilding Commission has contributed to more exclusion is often a key factor behind the relapse into inclusive societies. violent conflict. Political exclusion is particularly dangerous when it coincides with other forms of In Burundi, the Peacebuilding Commission worked inequality, for example along social, cultural, judicial closely last year with the Government of Burundi, the or economic lines. Grievances related to exclusion, Special Representative of the Secretary-General and inequalities or outright discrimination — perceived the country team to promote a more inclusive political and real — are often at the root of armed conflict. environment. Despite concerns about some isolated security incidents involving the youth wings of political Competition over control of natural resources has parties, these joint efforts have helped to promote been shown to have a particularly negative impact greater trust among the Government of Burundi, on the likelihood of violent conflict. There are many political parties and civil society. The deepened situations where the benefits from natural resources are political dialogue involving Government and political unequally shared within a society and only a few are parties contributed to the consensual adoption of a road benefiting. Groups seeking to control natural resources map for free, transparent, inclusive and peaceful 2015 exploit these grievances in order to create political elections, a code of conduct for the upcoming elections, strife and fuel armed conflict. and a new electoral code, which was adopted by the These challenges highlight the interdependence National Assembly in April 2014, before being ratified among security, justice and developmental initiatives in by the President. Currently, the electoral process the promotion of peace. The mutually reinforcing nature continues, and the voters registration phase ended of development, peace and security, and human rights with about 3.7 million registered. The Commission are well recognized and were central to the thinking continues to encourage all stakeholders to maintain behind the creation of the Peacebuilding Commission, an environment conducive to peaceful elections and to the Peacebuilding Fund and the Peacebuilding Support reject violence as a way for achieving political goals. Office. This action, taken at the World Summit in 2005, In Guinea, the Commission supported the efforts sought to reinvigorate and reinforce the broader United of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General Nations peace and security architecture. for West Africa to facilitate a dialogue between the Recognizing the interdependence between these Government and political parties. The dialogue process distinct approaches should not lead us to suggest that resulted in an agreement that laid a solid foundation the Council should take on responsibilities regarding for successful and inclusive parliamentary elections in development matters. Other bodies, such as the General 2013. Although there are still considerable challenges Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and the ahead, the Parliament, inaugurated in 2014, may be Peacebuilding Commission, are perhaps in a better considered inclusive and representative of the political position to explore those issues, in conjunction with groups of Guinea. United Nations-mandated development organizations. It In Guinea-Bissau, the Peacebuilding Fund, in does, however, emphasize the need for us to coordinate collaboration with the Commission, has supported the our approaches and work with greater synergy. set-up of the first ever Women Situation Room — the The Peacebuilding Commission is well positioned Case de Veille — which has greatly contributed to to provide advice on issues that touch on the concerns increase women’s representation and participation of the Security Council and the General Assembly, in the monitoring of the Presidential and Legislative such as ways in which inclusive socioeconomic elections. development contributes to peace and security and In Sierra Leone, the Government and the reduces the risk of emergence or relapse into violent international community have shown that a rapid conflict. The Commission’s advisory function to both recovery from war is possible. Sierra Leone has the General Assembly and the Security Council should established political stability, restored basic security, be fully utilized to this end. The upcoming review of reinvigorated democratic processes, built important

4/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 national institutions, and generated economic growth. conditions for inclusive security, human rights, justice In the process, it has also proved that the United Nations and economic development. can tackle complex peacebuilding and development The President (spoke in Spanish): I thank challenges in a coordinated fashion. It has demonstrated Mr. Patriota for his briefing. that investment by international and regional partners in peace can reap significant dividends. I now give the floor to Ms. Gbowee. Let me stress the importance of gender-based Ms. Gbowee: I am honoured to be here today. As a inclusion as a key element in every peacebuilding effort peace activist and a grass-roots person, I doubt if I will in war-ravaged societies. In this context. I wish to point ever come back here again. So let me have my say. out that the Commission has also called specifically for I would like to express gratitude to Chile for the inclusion of women in peacebuilding and political inviting me here today. processes and economic recovery, including through a political declaration adopted in September 2013 and a Fourteen years into the Liberian civil war, a group special event in September 2014. of women, some of whom had experienced the worst impact, came together to form the famous Women of In Liberia, the Commission has advocated strongly Liberia Mass Action for Peace. Their ultimate goal was for an inclusive reconciliation process. The statement to achieve peace in a nation that had been ravaged by of mutual commitments, which the Commission war. The women were from diverse ethnic, political, concluded with the Government of Liberia in November economic and social classes. They also had a diverse 2010, highlighted inclusive reconciliation as a priority. military agenda — due to the fact that many of them On this basis, the Commission actively supported the came from ethnic groups that were deeply involved in launch of Liberia’s National Reconciliation Road Map the civil war. When it became clear that, regardless of in 2013 after a two-year consultation process. on which side of the divide they stood, selfishness and The Commission has drawn attention to the greed would constantly override the genuine need for possible political implications of the Ebola epidemic in peace, those women were prepared to make the ultimate Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, as the disease has sacrifice by using non-violent tactics and dialogue to threatened to erode social cohesion and undermine negotiate a peaceful settlement. The rest is history, and the functioning of key State institutions. An inclusive we all know how it ended. But there are few lessons that recovery process that addresses perceived inequalities I would like to humbly share with the Council — lessons among groups and reinforced key political institutions that I learned as a leader of that group. will be important to protecting the gains made in the First, for the women of Liberia, achieving peace peacebuilding processes. was key before maintaining it. The reason I raise this In its third informal interactive dialogue with is that in our world today we find ourselves at a place members of the Security Council in July 2014, the where the need for international peace is greater than Commission underscored the importance of focusing ever before in the history of the world. Regardless of attention on inclusive political processes that would where you come from and of your nationality, race reinforce national ownership, rebuild the fabric of or political ideology, we all — in this Chamber and fractured societies and establish a new social contract. outside — live with a deep sense of fear. All of the This should be the cornerstone of our collective efforts things that made life meaningful to us are gradually aimed at building lasting peace in countries emerging being taken away by insecurity. The joy of getting on an from conflict. airplane is gone. The freedom to worship when, where and how we choose is gone. Education, especially for As the General Assembly and the Security girls, is under serious threat. Depending on the space Council prepare to conduct the 10-year review of the in which you find yourself, as a woman there is nothing peacebuilding architecture this year, we should seize like bodily autonomy. The freedom of expression and the opportunity to ensure that the United Nations the freedom of the press, as we saw in Paris, is also a response lives up to the aspirations of millions of people thing of the past. Militarism is viewed as the primary in countries emerging from conflict. The relevance solution to every local, national and international and effectiveness of the United Nations must be problem — regardless of what the problem is. Several assessed against its ability to help create the necessary years ago, if you had said the words “Boko Haram”,

15-01584 5/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 people would have said, “What?”. But today if you even The Council has before it the text of a statement by say Boko Haram in Russia, someone would recognize the President on behalf of the Council on the subject what it is. The simple and significant things that made of today’s meeting. I thank Council members for their us feel as if we lived in a peaceful and secure world valuable contributions to the statement. In accordance have been taken away from us. International peace, with the understanding reached among the members security and inclusive development are therefore things of the Council, I shall take it that the members of the we must all work for. Security Council agree to the statement, which will be issued as a document of the Security Council under the The second lesson I bring to this body that I learned symbol S/PRST/2015/3. from the group of women has to do with the spirit of unity with which they carried out their mandate. It is so decided. They decided to band together and wage a common I shall now make a statement in my capacity as struggle. The idea of such a struggle is no stranger to President of Chile. this body: it is enshrined in the Charter that established it. Today we see division even when there should be Allow me to extend a very warm welcome to a consensus. Exclusivity is the order of the day, even participants and to thank them for being here in this in the process of attaining peace and security. I could forum for shared reflection about ways towards sit here and spend hours making cases for women’s inclusion and security for our nations. This reflection inclusion in peacebuilding. Every time there is lobbying is taking place in a different reality. Today we do not and petitions, at the end of the day we are left out of see on the international stage the large-scale inter-State processes, and sometimes only added as afterthoughts. warlike confrontations that were common in the twentieth century. However, that does not mean that For international peace and security and inclusive we are living in a peaceful and safe world. Those who development to be achieved — and, as I said, I may never spoke before us have clearly referred to that. come back to the Security Council again, so let me have my say — I would ask this body to undertake some deep The so-called “traditional threats to security” have self-reflection. Seventy years ago, the rationale to name largely been replaced by “new threats” of a non-State and five permanent members made sense, as most of the non-military nature. In other words, by intra-national countries in this Chamber were either colonized by the wars and transnational dangers such as terrorism, five permanent members or did not have independence. organized crime, drug trafficking, money laundering, Today, as we talk about inclusive development, it is the arms trade, trafficking in persons, natural disasters, my hope that we can expand the number of chairs to the spread of disease and the deterioration of the seven, adding two more to that number. The dynamics environment. In order to understand and tackle those of our world are different. The things we did before new challenges, we must adopt a multidimensional have changed. In order for us to achieve international approach that explains the causes underlying those peace and development, we need to change the systems threats. Those include socioeconomic, gender, ethnic, and structures that make it impossible for others to try tribal, religious and ideological tensions that may have where others are succeeding. Our world has changed in local, regional or global effects. That is the only way many ways than we ever imagined. It is time that we by which we can effectively contribute to conflict change some of the systems and structures that make prevention and peacebuilding in the world. Those are it impossible for us achieve international peace and the founding goals of this organ of the United Nations. security. We therefore believe that the debate on inclusive My fellow Nobel Laureate Dr. Martin Luther development and peace should be held in this forum, King, Jr., summed up very well the need for united and because we understand that peace is a prerequisite for collective action and inclusiveness in this quotation, the promotion and protection of fundamental rights and with which I will leave the Council today: “We all may that, in turn, social inclusion and inclusive development have come in different ships, but we are all in the same are the conditions for peace. In that connection, I boat now.” highlight and share the opinion of the Secretary- General, who said last September that: The President (spoke in Spanish): I thank Ms. Gbowee for her briefing. “Over the longer term, the biggest threat to terrorists is not the power of missiles. It is the

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politics of inclusion [...]. It is education, jobs and leading role in the creation of better living conditions real opportunity.” (S/PV.7272, p. 3) for this planet. When it occurs, the exclusion of such a significant part of the population makes it not only Those are also effective tools for preventing other difficult but often actually impossible to achieve these forms of conflict, for building peace, for consolidating goals. democracy and the rule of law, for safeguarding individual freedoms and, ultimately, for building fairer The example of Liberia shows, in contrast, as societies. We are fully aware of this, which is why we Leymah has told us, that when processes are inclusive, in Chile are making great efforts to narrow social gaps they are more likely to be successful. National and prevent segments of the population from being reconciliation and peacebuilding were achieved left behind. We believe that closing gaps in income through the creation of mechanisms for inclusion of all and position in the social structure is as important as concerned sectors, in which women — and particularly promoting equal opportunities. It is not only a moral the work of Leymah Gbowee, who is honouring us imperative, but also a requirement for medium-term with her presence — played an outstanding role. In and long-term development, for political stability and recognition of her work, Laymah Gbowee, together with for peace. We have made progress in that direction, but the current President of Liberia, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, we still have a long way to go. and the Yemeni activist Tawakkul Karman, received the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize. Unfortunately, in many countries of the world, the distance between the reality and the ideal of inclusion Experience shows that the debate which we are and justice is huge, and it does not appear to be lessening proposing on inclusive development is of utmost over time. This situation is particularly worrying in importance, especially if we bear in mind that what multinational, multi-ethnic and multicultural States we are seeking is to contribute substantively to the in which the rights of minorities are not respected building of a more peaceful, safe and fair world for and in those where powerful minorities oppress weak all. I therefore invite participants to discuss and share and scattered majorities. In both cases, frustation and experiences and views with these objectives in mind. rancor create propitious conditions for radicalization I now resume my functions as President of the and armed violence that, when it occurs, usually causes Council. incalculable suffering that crosses national frontiers and can even destabilize entire regions. I shall now give the floor to the other members of the Council. Recent events in the Middle East and Africa provide examples, such as Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Somalia. But Ms. Power (United States of America): I thank these are not the only areas of the planet affected by you, President Bachelet, for presiding over this violence and insecurity. Latin America, which is the critically important meeting and for Chile’s leadership region of the world with the most inequality, is also the on these issues and many others in the Council and region with the highest homicide rate and one of the around the world. I thank you as well for your lifelong regions most affected by drug trafficking and organized efforts, including during your tenure here as Director crime. This does not seem to be mere coincidence. of UN-Women and as Chilean President, to advance the And in Western Europe, terrorist violence, which we causes of development and peace. I also thank Nobel emphatically condemn, arises in a context of growing Peace Prize Laureate Leymah Gbowee. We can all see malaise in which the most pessimistic speak of a failure why she has made the difference that she has in Liberia of the model of multicultural coexistence and where and well beyond. She is truly formidable. And I thank intolerance and phobias of all kinds are on the increase. the Secretary-General and Ambassador Patriota for That is why, as emphasized in resolution 1325 (2000) and their very important contributions. as we have pointed out on other occasions, we maintain As threats to international peace and security that conflict prevention, peacebuilding, construction have evolved, so has the Council’s conception of them. of democratic institutions and development require the Consider two of the great crises we face today: the participation of all stakeholders. Ebola epidemic and violent extremism. While neither Allow me to make special mention of the represents the kind of risk that may have been imagined contribution of women. We are called on to play a by the architects of the United Nations, each threatens

15-01584 7/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 the stability and prosperity of multiple countries. And helped keep both sides at the negotiating table, and both highlight the way that underdevelopment can pose within weeks they reached a deal. a risk to peace and security. If we agree that international peace and security One of the main reasons that Ebola spread as is bound up with inclusive development, it follows that quickly as it did in West Africa and has killed such a one of the best ways for the international community to high proportion of the people that it has infected is the consolidate peace and to help end conflict is to bridge acute underdevelopment of the public health systems in enduring development gaps. That is why, in addition the affected countries. As President Obama observed in to investing unprecedented resources — including his remarks before the General Assembly in September, the efforts of more than 3,000 American engineers, violent extremist groups have found their most fertile epidemiologists, doctors and others on the ground, recruiting grounds mainly in Liberia — in stopping the Ebola outbreak at its source and in leaving the affected countries with “in the Middle East and North Africa, where a quarter stronger public health systems than they had before the of young people have no job, where food and water outbreak, President Obama has launched the Global could grow scarce, where corruption is rampant and Health Security Agenda. sectarian conflicts have become increasingly hard to contain.” (A/69/PV.6, pp. 12-13). The Global Health Security Agenda is aimed at preparing countries to prevent, detect and rapidly The connection between development and peace respond to outbreaks before they become epidemics. and security extends beyond Ebola and violent During a meeting with President Obama last September, extremism. The average civil war sets back a medium- 43 countries joined us in annoucing more than 100 sized developing country more than 30 years in terms specific commitments to strengthen global health of economic growth. Trade levels after major violence security, together with the World Health Organization take an average of 20 years to recover. And the and other international institutions. That is why we have global economic impact of stemming such violence is invested so much time in the post-2015 development estimated at $9.5 trillion, or approximately 11 per cent agenda, which aims for inclusive and equitable of the gross world product. These figures show what development that leaves no one behind in any country, should be clear to all: the economic and social health developing or developed, and not only in terms of gender of countries is intrinsically linked to their ability to equality and global health, but across other areas such secure and maintain peace. More than 80 per cent of as education, water and sanitation, sustainable energy, extremely poor people — those who survive on less $1 and inclusive and responsive governance. a day — are expected to live in countries affected by conflict and chronic violence by 2025. We know that That is why the United States has strongly advocated this is not a challenge we can ignore. We have to do draft goal 16, which focuses on promoting peaceful and something more. inclusive societies, providing access to justice for all and building accountable and inclusive institutions at One place to start is with women and girls. Leymah’s all levels. If we can achieve this goal through reducing story is testament to the critical role that women can play corruption, promoting universal, free and legal identity in advancing peace and security. In the middle of the and ensuring public access to information, we can second brutal civil war in Liberia, she rallied thousands ensure that the next United Nations development agenda of women to pray for peace and founded a group that will help empower those who need it most. staged weeks-long non-violent protests calling for an end to the conflict. The activism of women helped That is why in Afghanistan we have invested build grass-roots pressure on then President of Liberia, robustly in ensuring that women and girls are more Charles Taylor, to engage in peace talks with rebels. fully integrated into Afghan society. Since 2001, school When those talks faltered, she and 200 women formed enrolment there has increased tenfold, with nearly a human chain to prevent the Government and the 10 million children now signed up, 40 per cent of whom rebels from leaving the negotiating table. Of course the are girls. Maternal mortality has fallen from 16 per cent Government and the rebels could have pushed their way to 3 per cent. And today, women hold 28 per cent of the through that chain, but the symbolic demand of those Afghan Parliament seats, a higher proportion than in women for peace, together with international pressure, my own country. All of these investments, all of this

8/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 progress, not only make women more equal partners in normally be unlikely to arise, given those countries’ Afghanistan’s future, they give Afghanistan far brighter peaceful and democratic natures. prospects for a more secure and prosperous future. An important element for analysis, as referred Today, as has been said, we commemorate the life to in the concept paper for this meeting (S/2015/6, of another Nobel Peace Prize laureate and one of the annex), is the issue of territorial inclusion. Indeed, this world’s greatest human rights champions, Dr. Martin is the starting point in ensuring that all the regions Luther King, Jr. In one of his last speeches, Dr. King and peoples that comprise a particular country are spoke of what he called “the other America” — a treated alike, thereby strengthening national identity country he contrasted with the America of opportunity and safeguarding territorial integrity. Territorial and equality. The other America, he said, had a “daily exclusion is thus the starting point of centrifugal ugliness about it that transforms the buoyancy of hope forces that can lead to the territorial fragmentation of into the fatigue of despair”. Dr. King spoke of men States. Conversely, national inclusion gives all citizens without work, families living in miserable conditions, a sense of belonging and contributes decisively to children denied access to a quality education; and he national cohesion and social harmony, and thus to the spoke of how such inequality posed an enduring obstacle effective mobilization of citizens towards achieving to American prosperity, calling on all Americans to great national goals related to peace and harmonious bridge these gaps. development. It has been nearly 50 years since Dr. King spoke of It is in multi-ethnic countries that the challenges the need to address these gaps in the United States, and of inclusion prove to be more complex. In order to yet so many of them persist, here in the United States overcome the natural tendency to exclude others based and around the world. His call to action is as resonant on differences, it is essential that States address the and urgent today as when he first made it. We must do problems of ethnicity with particular sensitivity so as everything in our power to do our part to fulfil it. to prevent the exclusion of any group from its national community and promote full coexistence and equal Mr. Domingos Augusto (Angola): I would like opportunities for all. Social inclusion is also imperative thank you, Madam, for chairing this meeting of the to building societies with free and responsible citizens Security Council on an important issue that concerns us who are aware of their duties and rights. In it lies the all. Indeed, in all its forms and expressions, inclusion is culture of peace, tolerance and full acceptance of the a theme of utmost importance in this globalized world, differences inherent to social plurality. Social inclusion where expressions of intolerance and hatred, derived entails the need to fully mainstream gender issues from exclusion, have become a key feature of our in the formulation of national policies. Indeed, in societies and constitute a grave threat to international today’s world it is clear that women play a key role in peace and security. I take this opportunity to commend the economic, social and cultural lives of peoples and the Chilean presidency of the Security Council for the countries, and their exclusion markedly impoverishes month of January for its excellent work in advancing the the life of societies that exclude them. important mission entrusted to the Security Council. Economic exclusion is often based on the The theme proposed by the Chilean presidency exploitation of well-defined social strata and often for this debate is of crucial importance in the resides in the concept of superiority of one particular contemporary world, as the multifaceted aspects group over the rest of society. It is in general the root of inclusion — including the territorial, political, cause of social conflicts that often culminate in acts of economic, ethnic and cultural aspects — are of great extreme violence. By contrast, economic inclusion, as complexity and are not linked exclusively to conflict an expression of the participation of the entire social and to international peace and security. The issue of fabric in the enjoyment of national wealth, remains inclusion also concerns historically consolidated States tangible and crucial for the consolidation of the sense that, after many centuries of existence as State entities, of belonging, and for the effective participation in and have yet to address the challenges of inclusion. The enjoyment of the work of each individual. existence of centrifugal forces resulting from various levels of exclusion in some of these States is made Finally, cultural inclusion, particularly in the evident by the emergence of secessionist expressions context of multicultural societies, is of vital importance in countries where, from our point of view, they would to the growth of social and national cohesion. Provided

15-01584 9/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 there is respect for the differences and the intrinsic parameters that are consistent with the main elements nature of each culture that composes the national that we have stressed and has sought to undertake cultural fabric, it is also an asset of great significance that process in an environment that has enormous and value. development challenges. Since 2002, the Government has been conducting a broad economic and social Political stability is the foundation on which rests reintegration programme for segments of the population the economic and social development of any country. that were marginalized during the armed conflict, We are aware, however, that political stability is not an especially ex-combatants and their families. end in itself. It should be based on a suitable system of participation in governance by political forces and by Angola has also sought to build a society of free all social strata. This means that inclusive governance and responsible citizens, developing policies of social is the best guarantee for obtaining dividends from inclusion for that purpose. In that respect, the promotion effective representation for economic development, of gender has been an element in the formulation of social harmony and effective human development. Government policies, namely, concerning the rural Democratic and participatory governance also woman, who is gradually taking a more assertive guarantees that even when situations arise that may role, thus occupying her rightful place in the rural cause feelings of exclusion in a given society, they can community. With a view to translating that priority be resolved in a peaceful and democratic manner in the into our national policy, in line with the concern of the search for consensus in decision-making, particularly international community regarding the role of women on the key issues of national life. in peace and development, 2015 has been proclaimed the Year of the Rural Woman. Identifying and acting swiftly whenever signs of exclusion arise in a specific country are wide-ranging In general, our appraisal on the role of women in objectives that it is incumbent upon the United Nations, Angolan society is quite positive. Indeed, there has regional and subregional organizations, and relevant been remarkable progress in the advancement of women national actors to pursue. Indeed, national Governments, in recent years, and women have come to occupy an international and regional organizations should develop important place in the political, economic and social early-warning mechanisms for integrated actions to be life of our country. conducted at the national, regional or international level The economic growth of recent years should be in order to act immediately on the causes of tension and reflected in tangible economic and social well-being misunderstanding before they degenerate into conflict. for all citizens of Angola. With that objective in mind, We believe that as a facet of international life, conflict- the Angolan authorities have been developing economic prevention is an important factor in building a more policies aimed at ensuring that the national community peaceful world and one that better identifies with the is included in the gains obtained in recent years. values of peace. Lastly, Angola fully supports the presidential In post-conflict situations in societies that are statement (S/PRST/2015/3) adopted as the outcome of generally dysfunctional, it is imperative to formulate this very constructive debate. policies to harmonize and strengthen political, security, development, human rights and rule-of-law aspects Mr. Ybáñez (Spain) (spoke in Spanish): It is an with a view to reconciliation, good governance and honour to participate in this high-level open debate. the strengthening of social cohesion. In countries This is my first statement to the Security Council since emerging from armed conflict, peacebuilding must Spain joined the Council as a non-permanent member be carried out as part of an inclusive process that on 1 January. I am doubly pleased that it coincides with overcomes misunderstandings, restores confidence and the presidency of our Chilean friends and that President lays the foundations for lasting peace. This requires Bachelet is here among us today. I recall that hers was building inclusive societies through the implementation the first visit by a Head of State to Spain during the of appropriate policies, particularly in the fields of reign of Philip VI, which shows the very close ties that education, social dialogue and social and economic bind our two nations. inclusion. I would also like to thank you, Madam President, Angola, a country in a post-conflict situation, for convening an open debate on a topic of ongoing has been conducting its peacebuilding process within timeliness. I also welcome the Secretary-General’s

10/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 presence and thank him, the Chair of the Peacebuilding in the mixture of ethnicities, cultures, identities and Commission and Nobel Peace Prize recipient Gbowee varied expressions of humanity that we have been for their informative briefings. incorporating for centuries. Unity in diversity is one of our outstanding features. The three pillars on which the United Nations is based are not independent of each other. On the contrary, More recently, the arrival of a large number of if one fails, it threatens the entire structure designed by immigrants has been a new and enriching contribution, the Charter of the United Nations. As rightly pointed although not one without challenges. The principle of out by Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, there is no inclusiveness has been one that has guided our actions, peace without development and there is no lasting both in the cooperation with the immigrants’ countries peace or sustainable development without respect for of origin and with regard to social policies towards human rights and the rule of law. We could also add that immigrants. there is no peace or sustainable development without As regards our international cooperation, three inclusion in all its dimensions. That must be the main of the five guidelines contained in the fourth Master conclusion of this debate. The concept note prepared Plan of Spanish Cooperation, which is valid until the by the President (S/2015/6, annex) is very useful in that end of 2016, are inspired by the idea that inclusive respect. development is essential for maintaining peace and No one disputes that the Security Council has as its security. I refer to the consolidation of democratic primary responsibility the maintenance of international processes and the rule of law, reducing vulnerability to peace and security. However, the idea of peace and extreme poverty and to crisis, and promoting the rights security has changed since the time when the Charter of women and gender equality. That means that Spain was adopted. Peace is not the mere absence of war, just gives priority to cooperation projects inspired by those as security is not limited to reducing threats. Both are inclusive guidelines. much more complex. At the domestic level, the social, economic and In today’s world, peace and security are an gender inclusion of immigrants is a priority. That ensemble of a number of factors that range from has been achieved through social policies that have citizens’ personal security to overcoming deep social involved support for immigrants’ integration into our fractures, from the proper functioning of impartial society, and awareness-raising and preparing Spanish institutions to the absence of widespread corruption, society to adequately receive them. The ultimate goal from eradicating gender-based violence in all social of those policies is to prevent the creation of pockets of strata to educational reforms aimed at combating hate exclusion, as that could easily lead to marginalization, speech, from clean and fair election campaigns to and to prevent xenophobia. respect for the territorial integrity of States. They all This philosophy of inclusion is at the root of the form a protective framework that is closely linked to preventive diplomacy that the Charter lays out in its the prosperity of nations and respect for human rights. Chapter VI and that has certainly been revived in recent In other words, the notion of peace and years. It is a concept coined many years ago by Dag security is inclusive, so that inclusion in all its Hammarskjöld, which reaches its full expression in dimensions — whether territorial, national, ethnic, international situations such as the one we are currently social, economic, cultural or gender-related — is key to experiencing. the inner stability of a country, to international peace Spain has clearly opted for preventive diplomacy and, no less important, to preventing future conflicts. as an instrument of international relations, especially Spain understands this idea very well, as it is a at the multilateral level. My country is a founding and pluralist nation that loves diversity. We are a nation active member of the Group of Friends of Mediation, with different cultures and sensitivities, established on created at the request of Finland and Turkey, and has historical alluvial deposits built up as a result of being launched, together with Morocco, the Mediation in the located at the crossroads between Europe, Africa and Mediterranean initiative, which aims to build a culture the Americas, the meeting place of East and West, the of prevention on both sides of a geographical area gateway to the Mediterranean and the bridge between marked by tensions and conflicts of various kinds. Also the new and the old continents. All that has resulted in the region, we have launched, along with Algeria, a

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Water Strategy for the Western Mediterranean, which as a topic of discussion in the Council. I congratulate aims to defuse potential conflicts in the region related you, Madam President, and welcome the presidential to that vital resource. statement adopted today (S/PRST/2015/3), to which we contributed on the basis of our national experience. It is Also, as founders, along with Turkey, of the now up to us all to follow up on this initiative. Alliance of Civilizations, we believe that dialogue among different cultures and religions is a crucial basis Mr. Churkin (Russian Federation) (spoke in for efforts to defuse existing tensions, prevent latent Russian): Madam President, we are very pleased to tensions from worsening and debunk myths about the welcome you at the helm of the Security Council. We vision of “the other” in national, ethnic or ideological would express our gratitude to the Chilean delegation narratives of various societies. That task is important for the convening of today’s meeting as well as for the and urgent. To accomplish it, we need powerful tools preparation of the presidential statement just adopted that bring together different sensitivities with one (S/PRST/2015/3). We also thank the Secretary-General, purpose: to avoid conflicts and to work for peace. who set the tone for today’s debate, and the Permanent Representative of Brazil, Mr. De Aguiar Patriota, The King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz International for his statement and his effective leadership of the Centre for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue is Peacebuilding Commission in 2014. We also listened another forum called upon to play a role in promoting carefully to the statement made by Nobel Laureate harmony, tolerance and interfaith dialogue. Spain will Ms. Gbowee. do all it can to ensure that this centre can use its great potential for this purpose. The Russian Federation has always viewed the United Nations as a unique deliberative platform for the Lastly, the maintenance of international peace and creation of a more sustainable and lasting architecture security requires inclusive instruments to help prevent for international relations, where primary responsibility the outbreak of conflict; this is clear in the context of for the maintenance of international peace and security the responsibility that every Government has to protect lies with the Security Council. its citizens. Such protection in the face of potential mass crimes means that we must take early actions, and In today’s context of global dynamic changes, inclusive development is not the least of these. various regions are experiencing full-scale, sweeping geopolitical transformations, with a growing potential Spain believes that the maintenance of international for conflict. There are increasing numbers of internal peace and security is not a question of a purely military conflicts, compounded by armed clashes and difficult or police-related nature. If we have learned anything in socioeconomic conditions. Against that backdrop, the almost 70 years of existence of this Organization, long-standing issues are ever more pressing, including it is that it there is no point in achieving a ceasefire or the trans-boundary proliferation of weapons, organized freezing a conflict if we do not address its root causes. crime, drug trafficking and new threats such as This requires developing preventive policies in all terrorism and violent extremism. areas; inclusive development forms an essential part of such policies. In that context, we fully endorse strengthening mechanisms for dialogue and conflict prevention In the final analysis, we must create inclusive and improving the United Nations and in particular development strategies in order to strengthen the role of the Security Council’s instruments in the areas the United Nations in the maintenance of international of preventive diplomacy, peacekeeping and post- peace and security. In order to be effective, such conflict peacebuilding. We remain convinced that the strategies must be comprehensive and cover all unchanging guideline for such activities remains the aspects of inclusiveness — territorial, national, ethnic, universal norms of international law and the provisions social, gender, economic and cultural — and they of the Charter of the United Nations. require participation by and coordination among all of the principal organs of the United Nations system, The interconnected tasks in the areas of security, including the Council. human rights and development, enshrined, inter alia, in the outcome documents of major forums held under I should like to conclude, therefore, by the auspices of the United Nations, including the congratulating the Chilean presidency for having Millennium Summit, the 2005 World Summit and the taken the lead in introducing inclusive development

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United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development the form of the political and cultural exclusion of entire (Rio+20), are of particular relevance for States in a regions from public life. period of post-conflict rebuilding in which the United Furthermore, in order to bring about lasting peace, Nations plays a central coordinating role. Peacebuilding there is a need to take account of cultural, historical and assistance here should aim to promote the devising of regional issues as well as the specificities of relations priorities by national Governments and should target with neighbouring States. The context for stable and national capacity-building. Here we see room for close equitable societies also varies from country to country, cooperation among the Peacebuilding Commission, but the common denominator must be to take account the Security Council, the General Assembly and the of all social segments and groups in the process of the Economic and Social Council. State’s carrying out the relevant tasks. All aspects of the global economic agenda, In conclusion, I wish to note that the Russian including combating inequalities and ensuring Federation, committed as it is to such an approach, inclusive economic growth and development, should be continues at the national level to consistently strengthen considered in the framework of the intergovernmental and harmonize relations among various segments of process being carried out under the auspices of the society so as to ensure social and nationwide cohesion. General Assembly in preparation for the September This was indeed one of the aims of the 15 January 2015 summit, when a post-2015 global development Moscow forum on “The State and civil society: agenda is proposed for adoption. There should be no cooperation for development”. politicization of work in the context of agreement on this agenda. We are also opposed to a broad interpretation Mr. Laro (Nigeria): The Nigerian delegation thanks of the concept of sustainable development that would Chile for having organized this important debate and include new aspects, including the so-called political for the concept note provided to guide our discussion dimension, that are not in keeping with the ideas set (S/2015/6, annex). We also thank the Secretary- forth at Rio+20. General; the Chair of the Peacebuilding Commission, Ambassador De Aguiar Patriota; and Nobel Laureate We call for restraint and circumspection in the Leymah Gbowee for their briefings. discussion of development issues in the framework of non-specialized bodies, in particular in the Security It is a widely accepted fact that there can be no Council. This also applies to other individualized development without security and no security without platforms for activity, including with respect to issues development. Lessons learned from the Millennium related to justice and the upholding of human rights. Development Goals clearly confirm the link between It seems that the incorporation of such elements in the security and development. The theme of this debate agenda of the Security Council will inevitably lead to also resonates within the context of the ongoing global the duplication of work that is already ongoing and discourse on the post-2015 development agenda. Nigeria give rise to strong political antagonisms and justified therefore sees merit in the Council holding a debate on claims that the Security Council is encroaching on inclusive development. the prerogatives of other United Nations bodies. That The United Nations Development Programme is why we have consistently called for an effective Human Development Report for 2014 confirms that division of labour among the principal United Nations conflict and a sense of personal insecurity have a bodies and the discussion in the Security Council only pervasive impact on human development and leave of situations that have a direct bearing on imminent billions in precarious conditions. The Council’s efforts threats to international peace and security. In this should therefore focus on promoting development connection, we fully agree with the relevant ideas that ensures that no one is left behind, through its of Ambassador De Aguiar Patriota, the Chair of the peacekeeping operations, peacebuilding and preventive Peacebuilding Commission. diplomacy. It is clear that in every crisis there is a need for Development can be meaningful only if all subtlety, a balanced and impartial approach and patience segments of society contribute to creating opportunities, in seeking a solution that is acceptable to all parties to participate in decision-making and share in the benefits a conflict. For some States, the root causes of conflict of development. have socioeconomic undertones. In others, they take

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The presidential statement just adopted by the and democracy in countries emerging from conflict. Council (S/PRST/2015/3) underscores the importance That underscores our conviction that solid democratic of allowing a space for all actors, regardless of their institutions are vital platforms for the participation racial, ethnic, social, gender, religious, cultural or of all groups, including women and youth, in the economic background. In order to ensure security and development of any country. Nigeria was one of the development, the Council has, through its internvention early responders that provided support to combat the in conflict and post-conflict situations, recognized spread of Ebola in West Africa. Our action was based the relevance of inclusiveness in the promotion of on the need to sustain the development already attained good governance, national reconciliation, democracy, in the affected countries in order to reduce the risk of gender equality and sustained economic growth. The relapse into conflict. Council has promoted greater inclusiveness for women Finally, Nigeria believes that the United Nations in conflict resolution and post-conflict peacebuilding should continue to act as an agent for inclusive through its women and peace and security agenda. In development. We also believe that the Security Council countries emerging from conflict, the inclusion and should support the ongoing global discourse that participation of women in governance and economic promotes inclusive development as a critical factor in activity, as well as the provision of skills and jobs for fostering sustainable peace, security and development. young people, have provided the necessary impetus for peace and security. Mr. Hmoud (Jordan) (spoke in Arabic): Allow me to begin by welcoming Her Excellency Ms. Michelle Lessons learned from United Nations peacekeeping Bachelet, President of Chile, and by thanking the and peacebuilding activities indicate that inclusive briefers for their valuable. development activities can help to prevent a relapse into conflict. It is therefore necessary for the Council Many examples in modern history demonstrate the to continue to advance the concept of inclusive relationship between development and security, and in development when authorizing mandates. It is also particular the relationship between development and vital to pay attention to the strengthening of the armed conflicts. Nevertheless, that relationship has not national institutions, civil societies and private been accorded priority, either in academic literature sectors of countries transiting from peacekeeping to or in practical implementation. In our view, that peacebuilding. That can be achieved through greater might be attributable to many traditional factors, the collaboration, cooperation and coordination between most salient being the lack of communication among the Council and other United Nations bodies, funds and decision-making circles working in development programmes. and security, whether inside Governments or among international organizations involved in development. A At the national level, we in Nigeria are taking lack of communication also exists among the latter and concrete steps to meet our security challenges and other organizations interested in security with regard to foster peace through inclusive development. Our “soft” embracing new concepts like human security and other approach to countering violent extremism adopts a multifaceted, complicated security-related phenomena, multidimensional strategy in addressing the root causes such as terrorism and epidemics. of radicalization and violent extremism. Its overall aim is to employ practical measures to halt violent extremism We would like to thank Chile for shedding light on in the short-term and prevent future occurrences in the this important topic and for focusing on some aspects long-term. Through the programme, the Government is that we believe have been absent in the discussion on addressing the key economic, social, religious, political security and development: inclusivity, peacebuilding and cultural issues fuelling the radicalization upon and combating the threat of extremism. We hope that we which the insurgency feeds. Through the soft approach, can build on the discussions that are taking place today we are pursuing a wide range of reforms through our and on the presidential statement (S/PRST/2015/2) that educational system. We are also creating economic was recently adopted, which Jordan fully supports. opportunities and providing skills to those at risk of The United Nations must address the relationship radicalization. between security and peace through integrated policies At the subregional and regional levels, Nigeria and programmes, particularly peacebuilding operations. has played an active role in the restoration of peace Post-conflict assistance to countries should be based on

14/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 a comprehensive, integrated approach that addresses the structures that led to inequality and insecurity. the interrelatedness among political and development Countries in post-conflict stages must be assisted activities, human rights and the rule of law. Jordan in building new structures, or in restructuring them, agrees with the contents of the concept note (S/2015/6, so that we can instil the concepts of justice and annex) circulated by Chile on the role of inclusive equality, particularly in societies that experienced war development in the maintenance of international peace crimes, genocide and all kinds of discrimination and and security. We support the idea of concentrating on marginalization. the importance of inclusivity in development as a factor In conclusion, we believe that successful in maintaining peace and in building peace. That is a development policies based on inclusiveness contribute primary aspect of the Jordanian position vis-à-vis the to addressing social and economic imbalances and the conflicts on the Security Council’s agenda. sense of injustice that extremist groups could use to Jordan rejects the marginalization and exclusion recruit, particularly among young people. Development of any segment of society, and warns of the spillover policies must therefore focus on empowering young effect of such an approach on political stability, people, building their future, unlocking their potential security, development and national sovereignty. Jordan and finding job opportunities for them. stresses the importance of addressing the concept of Ms. Murmokaitė (Lithuania): It is a great national ownership in achieving sustainable peace. The pleasure, Madam, to have you presiding over this primary responsibility falls on national authorities in important debate, which has also attracted such an deciding the priorities in post-conflict peacebuilding. impressive number of speakers today. I would like to Such policies should be both specific and realistic, and thank Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, Ambassador the goals attainable through well-planned coordination Antonio Patriota of Brazil, Chair of the Peacebuilding among national societies and all stakeholders at Commission, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Leymah the local level. That can also be achieved through a Gbowee for their briefings. realistic assessment that takes into consideration the specific needs of societies emerging from conflict and My delegation aligns itself with the statement to their circumstances, as well as available resources for be made on behalf of the European Union later today. implementing those policies. In my national capacity, I would like to underline the following points. Donors have the responsibilty of providing the necessary development support for States in post- Issues pertaining to the development agenda conflict peacebuilding. That should not be understood naturally fall within the purview of other United to mean that donor countries or relevant organizations Nations bodies, particularly the Economic and Social are the catalysts of change in those societies. Rather, Council. However, as was noted in the Security change must be intrinsic to that society, take local Council’s presidential statement of February 2011 knowledge into consideration and not ignore the (S/PRST/2011/4), there is an inherent link between internal dynamics of such societies. security and development, and as the Secretary-General said earlier, when we ignore one pillar, we endanger Gender relations in society play an important role the other two. Poverty, exclusion and marginalization in establishing the basis on which peace is built. We fuel many a conflict, including those on the Council’s must therefore focus on including women at all stages agenda. We cannot break the cycle of violence and of peacebuilding and development projects and on build durable peace as long as significant inequalities empowering them during conflict and in post-conflict prevail and issues relating to economic, political and situations. social inclusion remain unaddressed. Peace and security are interlinked. Guaranteeing Inclusivity begins with respect for basic human their sustainability in post-conflict situations requires rights for all, which in their turn can flourish only addressing the root causes of internal conflicts, themes where there is a solid framework built on the rule of law, that previous speakers at this meeting addressed. In democratic governance and accountability. Freedom many situations, those may have social, economic, of expression and information support transparency, ethnic, religious or tribal roots. Guaranteeing the foster participation and reinforce the necessary checks sustainability of peace and development must not only and balances within the political system that act as be based on the absence of war, but also on replacing

15-01584 15/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 safeguards against corruption, abuse of power, cronyism development. The Security Council has created a solid and graft. Promoting the fundamental freedoms of normative base, starting with resolution 1325 (2000), opinion, expression, assembly and association, as on women and peace and security. While notable well as supporting free media, is therefore essential to progress has been achieved in that respect, we are not inclusive development and peace. We are concerned there yet. This year’s review of the implementation about the worldwide increase in attacks on and killings of of resolution 1325 (2000), as well as the forthcoming journalists and social media workers seeking to expose peacekeeping and peacebuilding reviews, offer impunity, corruption and abuse of power. In particular, important opportunities to move that agenda further, their reports from conflict zones expose human-rights especially on the implementation side. The Council abuse, war crimes and crimes against humanity, and must make sure that every single mandate it creates help to rally the international community in support of has a strong women’s-empowerment component, the rights of the marginalized and vulnerable and, by which would definitely benefit people’s aspirations for extension, the protection of civilian lives. We call on inclusive development, the focus of today’s debate. the Council to remain vigilant and actively engaged on Peace and development cannot be sustained the issue of the protection of journalists, human-rights without accountability. The abuse of power, failure to defenders and civil-society activists. address lingering grievances, lawlessness and impunity We have seen time and again that human-rights are deeply corrosive, sowing mistrust, hampering violations are often the first early-warning signs of a reconciliation and capable of rekindling conflict at any conflict to appear. Ongoing, unaddressed human-rights moment. In today’s turbulent world, such grievances and violations also become an obstacle to reconciliation abuses are also conducive to alienation, radicalization and peacebuilding processes, and therefore to inclusive and violent extremism, thus compounding the complex development. That is why my delegation strongly task of fighting terrorism in its many manifestations. supports the Rights Up Front initiative, which, in our Conversely, the rule of law, which sits at the core of view, should lie at the core of all preventive, peacebuilding democratic governance, offers a framework of justice and development efforts. Sustainable peace requires and fosters empowerment and equality, by providing a that no social group be discriminated against or left common set of rules for all members of a society and behind. National reconciliation and peacebuilding guaranteeing their equality before the law. cannot work if certain groups or minorities live in Taking resolute action against impunity is essential fear of persecution, are denied the right and ability to to ensure that victims of abuse can regain confidence in voice their demands and access essential resources, and their society and proceed towards the reconciliation and are excluded from power-sharing arrangements and durable peace that are so necessary for development. governance. Exclusion and discrimination on whatever Such action is also important as a preventive, deterrent grounds — gender, religion, ethnicity, race, age or tool, sending a message to would-be perpetrators any other reason — weaken societies by robbing them that their crimes will not go unpunished. Support for of their creative and productive potential, reinforce building the rule of law and national judicial and law- a sense of injustice, harden lingering grievances and enforcement capabilities must therefore be addressed undermine their very stability and security, thus early on, within the context of peacekeeping and threatening to ignite or rekindle cycles of violence and peacebuilding efforts, and systematically sustained thwarting development efforts. as countries move from conflict to durable peace and In particular, peace and development need women’s development. We welcome the strengthening of rule-of- full participation and inclusion in all aspects of a law components in United Nations peacekeeping and society’s life, as equal partners in decision-making peacebuilding mandates, and call on the Council to pay processes and State-building, from conflict mediation greater attention to rule-of-law issues in its debates. and resolution to reconciliation, peacebuilding, and Mr. Lamek (France) (spoke in French): I would post-conflict development. Women’s full, unfettered like to thank Chile for initiating today’s debate and participation in the political, economic and other putting the issue of inclusive development, and the domains of society is a key driving force for societal links between development and peace and security, on transformation and economic prosperity. Numerous the Security Council’s agenda. It is a crucial issue for studies have shown that societies where women play all of us, and one that has not been discussed in the active roles enjoy higher levels of well-being and

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Council since 2011 (see S/PV.6479). I welcome your vulnerable by the violence in the eastern Democratic presence, Madam President, which testifies to your Republic of the Congo. country’s commitment to the subject. I would also like I would also like to emphasize the importance of an to thank the Secretary-General, Mr. Antonio Patriota, inclusive approach as countries prepare to emerge from Permanent Representative of Brazil and Chair of the crisis. Reconciliation often requires the fair division Peacebuilding Commission, and Ms. Leymah Gbowee, of power among the communities in conflict. In this President of the Gbowee Peace Foundation Africa. context, women can play a decisive role. I welcome, in France associates itself with the statement to be this regard, Ms. Gbowee’s commitment and the role of delivered later on behalf of the European Union. women played in the transition to peace in Liberia. It is essential that women be involved from this moment Inclusive development is a necessary condition of forward in the peace negotiations in Mali so as to security. Rebellions and conflicts are often fuelled by prevent their exclusion from a peace agreement and a sense of exclusion and injustice on the part of a social to ensure their inclusion in the post-conflict transition group or an ethnic or religious community. Many of the period. conflicts on the Council’s agenda arise in the wake of human-rights violations and an insufficiently inclusive Finally, I would like to make some remarks on the political process. At the same time, it must be made role of the Peacebuilding Commission, echoing our clear that it is primarily up to States to institute those debate on this subject last week (see S/PV.7359). Ten processes if conflicts are to be prevented. From that years on from the establishment of the peacebuilding point of view, the Security Council can only encourage architecture, whose role and achievements have just States to embrace this issue and establish policies of been recalled by Ambassador Patriota, undeniable inclusive development aimed at preventing conflict. progress has been achieved, first, in terms of a better understanding of the specific challenges facing Conflict prevention naturally implies respecting all countries emerging from conflict and, secondly, citizens’ rights, including economic, social and cultural in terms of better coordination of the efforts under rights. Only institutions that represent the people’s various international interventions in the countries legitimate aspirations, the transparent management concerned. Ambassador Patriota cited examples where of public monies, an independent judiciary and law the peacebuilding architecture has made an effective enforcement, and security forces that respect the law contribution to improving the situation. These efforts are capable of ensuring sustainable development. A must continue. In this regard, France supports the State’s stability thus depends on respect for the rule of review of the peacebuilding architecture review, which law. In particular, such policies should focus on gender will be carried out during 2015 jointly with the strategic equality and women’s participation in decision-making. review of peace operations. We welcome both of these Gender equality is not only one of our most fundamental exercises. human rights; combating every form of discrimination between men and women is also a factor in development, I would like to conclude by recalling that the in the stabilization of countries in transition and in General Assembly will adopt in September 2015 an peace. ambitious and renewed development programme for the 15 years to come, which will orient all of our actions In that regard, Madam President, I welcome the towards sustainable development with a comprehensive foundational work you have led in New York in the past approach. This programme will include ambitious goals few years as the first Executive Director of UN-Women. on fighting inequality, on gender equality, on peaceful France is currently working with UN-Women on and inclusive societies for sustainable development, on a number of cooperation programmes aimed at access to justice for all, and on transparent, accountable strengthening women’s participation in development, and inclusive institutions. These tools will contribute to including a gender and social cohesion employment the prevention of conflicts. programme for young men and women in Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt. In our national capacity, I should The year 2015 will also mark 70 years since the add that, working with Congolese non-governmental establishment of the United Nations, and in this organizations, we have also established a socioeconomic context, the various bodies of the United Nations, rehabilitation programme for women rendered including the Security Council, must more than ever

15-01584 17/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 strengthen the coherence of their respective activities peace, respect for sovereignty, international law, towards an approach that is yet more preventive and development, social justice, cooperation and solidarity inclusive in dealing with crises. Peace and security can among peoples, dialogue and peaceful coexistence never be won as long as discrimination against groups among nations, in accordance with the purposes and or individuals persists. principles of the Charter of the United Nations. Latin America and the Caribbean stands out as a region of Mr. Ramírez Carreño (Bolivarian Republic of peace, where we have built a regional architecture of Venezuela) (spoke in Spanish): I welcome you, Madam mechanisms to address matters of common interest President. As this is the first time I have taken the floor through cooperation and solidarity. Over the past two in the Security Council as Permanent Representative decades, there have been steady improvements in the of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, following areas of peace, security and development. our election as non-permanent member last October, I would like to express our friendship and respect to you Venezuela believes that the international community as Head of State and Government of a brotherly South must take an open and frank approach in addressing American country. Likewise, I would like to express the root causes of the political, economic and social our satisfaction at seeing you preside over this open imbalances in the current international system that debate on inclusive development for the maintenance of generate conflicts. Such an approach would help us find international peace and security. solid and lasting solutions to conflicts, in accordance with international law. In order to reverse the negative We thank and welcome the Secretary-General, impacts of the legacy of colonialism, the pillaging of Mr. Ban Ki-moon; the Chair of the Peacebuilding natural resources and unjust global social, financial and Commission, my friend Ambassador Antonio Patriota; economic structures, we must strengthen multilateral and the Nobel Peace Laureate, Ms. Leymah Gbowee. efforts to transform socioeconomic policies and norms We also welcome the representatives of all countries bound to the capitalist model of production that is present today. unsustainable for world. While we welcome Chile’s initiative to promote an exchange of views on this important topic, we believe The international community must put greater that the overarching importance of the topic before us focus on promoting the sustainable development calls for an open and democratic forum of discussion, agenda. In this regard, developed countries must fulfil such as the General Assembly, so as to guarantee the their duties in areas such as official development full participation of Member States. Although the assistance, technology transfer and climate change. Security Council is not the appropriate organ to make Similarly, in the economic field, developing countries decisions in the area of development, we acknowledge must be given preferential and differentiated treatment that its decisions in the field of international peace and assistance in reaching the internationally agreed and security have a positive impact on the long-term development goals, without conditionality; fair trade development of nations. However, at times, its decisions should be promoted; and cooperation is needed in the on other matters can also have adverse consequences restructuring of sovereign debt. for the wellbeing and future of countries. The case of Haiti deserves special attention due to This debate gives us the opportunity to underscore the inconsistencies in the provision of the $10 billion the importance of inclusive development in building in international assistance pledged at the international just, fair and peaceful societies as a fundamental donors’ conference of 31 March 2010 for reconstruction precondition for preventing conflicts and violence. following the devastating earthquake of January that However, it is important to recall in this context that the year. In this regard, we call on donor countries to most serious threats to international peace and security honour their aid commitments to Haiti, so as to help the do not come from the poorest and least-developed country overcome the economic and social problems countries; to contend so would be to misconstrue the that have plagued it for decades and were only worsened current state of global affairs, historical trends and the by that natural disaster. imbalance of power at the international level. Latin America and the Caribbean is an example We are participating in the work of the Council, to the world of a region whose strength lies in the as President Nicolás Maduro Moros has stated, spirit of cooperation and unity integral to its political with a renewed optimism and firm commitment to consensus and integration initiatives, where inclusive

18/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 development takes centre stage. Our vision of inclusive of conflicts, crises and terrorism. The international and comprehensive regional development is reflected in community and the United Nations in particular our organizations, such as the Bolivarian Alliance for should attach greater importance to the advancement the Peoples of Our America, Petrocaribe, the Union of of the international development agenda. Developing South American Nations and the Community of Latin countries, constrained by historical factors and the American and Caribbean States. conditions of development, are faced with daunting challenges in economic, development and social At the national level, the promotion of inclusive progress. Developed countries should further assist and equitable development has been a cornerstone developing countries in official development assistance, policy of the Bolivarian revolution through our social debt relief, market openness and technology transfer programmes, whereby sovereign petroleum income and help them to achieve the objectives of poverty is invested in eliminating poverty, social exclusion, eradication and the promotion of development. illiteracy, hunger and disease. The Venezuelan Government sees the inclusion of all members of Secondly, we should focus on mediation and society, in particular women, young people and persons good offices to provide the basis for development. with disabilities, as the ultimate goal of development, The United Nations and the Security Council should which should provide the legal and structural conditions strongly uphold the culture of peace and reconciliation required to realize their full potential. Inclusive and fully implement the responsibilities of mediation development is a right of all Venezuelans. Social justice and good offices entrusted to it by Chapter VI of the is our goal. Charter by further strengthening mediation capabilities andimproving the means of mediation so as to play a Finally, we reiterate that we stand fully ready to bigger role in the peaceful resolution of disputes, thereby work constructively and responsibly towards realizing laying a solid foundation for the early achievement of the goals, which are among fundamental responsibilities peace and development. of this body, of international peace and security. Thirdly, we need to focus on peacebuilding to Mr. Liu Jieyi (China) (spoke in Chinese): China prevent conflict relapse. In post-conflict countries and welcomes you, Madam President, to New York to preside regions, the international community should prioritize over today’s open debate of the Council on inclusive reconstruction in all development, political and development for the maintenance of peace and security. security areas, with special attention to the promotion I wish to thank Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and of coordinated economic and social development. Ambassador Patriota, Chair of the Peacebuilding The key is to not only provide help to post-conflict Commission (PBC), for their briefings. The Chinese countries but to also develop their ability to help delegation also listened closely to the statement made themselves. The governance capacities of the countries by Ms. Gbowee. involved need to be effectively strengthened and their Peace and development are two main themes ability to provide basic services enhanced so that of today’s world. According to the Charter of the development and reconstruction can be advanced in United Nations, the Organization has the lofty goal all sectors. Meanwhile, attention should also be given of maintaining world peace and promoting common to youth employment and women’s empowerment so development. Today’s open debate explores the that the public can enjoy early peace dividends. That relationship between inclusive development and the would be conducive to the stabilization of post-conflict maintenance of international peace and security. situations, the promotion of political reconciliation and This demonstrates the Council’s attention to the the consolidation of existing peace. nexus between peace, security and development and Fourthly, we should intensify overall planning and to the significance of addressing the importance of coordination to create synergy. Relevant United Nations development to the promotion of international peace and bodies and international organizations responsible for security. In that connection, I would like to highlight peace, security and development should leverage their the following points. own strengths and carry out planning and coordination First, we need to consider increased investment in in order to maximize synergy. Meanwhile, they should development to eliminate the root causes of conflict. increase coordination, respect their own mandates and Poverty and underdevelopment are often major causes division of labour, and avoid duplication of work. The

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Security Council has the primary responsibility for who have actually had to make peace on the ground; safeguarding international peace and security, while hers was a truly valuable contribution. the Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) should play New Zealand has long believed that inclusive a coordinating role in peacebuilding by expanding development is central to sustainable peace, so we partnerships and increasing cooperation with the United were pleased to support the adoption of presidential Nations development system and agencies, the World statement S/PRST/2015/3 today and welcome its Bank and the International Monetary Fund so that more spotlight on measures to address the root causes of resources can be mobilized for reconstruction in post- conflict, including through strengthening the rule conflict countries, creating the external environment of law, transitional justice, promoting sustainable and conditions necessary for their development. economic growth and development, good governance, Some 70 per cent of the items on the Council’s democracy, gender equality and respect for and agenda are related to Africa, while two-thirds of protection of human rights. peacekeeping missions are deployed there. The New Zealand comes to the Council as a champion interlinkages among peace, security and development of practical approaches and solutions. An example are best demonstrated on the African continent. Without of that practical approach is that we believe that peace and development in Africa, the prosperity and departing United Nations missions should leave stability of the world will be impossible to achieve. The behind a strong workforce that can find long-term international community should vigorously support employment following any mission drawdown. Against African countries in addressing African problems that background, let me highlight just three issues on with African means, and promote regional and inclusive development. subregional organizations, such as the African Union, in playing a bigger role in advancing peace, security First, if sustainable peace is to become a reality and development. Moreover, we should also focus in post-conflict situations, effective work is needed to on the issues of underdevelopment and insufficient address the root causes of conflict, which requires that infrastructure faced by Africa in order to effectively the Council, and the United Nations as a whole, adopt a help the continent to translate its abundant human and multidimensional, integrated approach. natural resources into the driving force for economic Secondly, peace agreements and reconciliation development and substantive benefits for Africans. must embrace all those with a stake in that peace, As a most sincere and reliable partner of Africa, particularly the marginalized: women, youths China has consistently supported African countries’ and former combatants. New Zealand therefore self-strengthening through unity and their achievement welcomes the practice of deploying gender advisers in of sustainable development. In the spirit of truthfulness, peacekeeping missions to ensure the inclusion of women practicality, sincerity and kindness, China will in electoral systems, to support their participation in continue to participate constructively in the resolution peace processes, and to protect women and girls from of hot-spot issues in Africa and play its due role in the sexual violence. promotion of peace and security there. We will also Thirdly, more work is required to understand help the African people to improve their capability for the link between transnational organized crime and self-development so that they can live peacefully and terrorism, which, as the statement points out, can happily on the African continent, and increase school undermine the security and stability of States and enrolment and youth employment so as to eradicate the their prospects for development. When accompanied root causes of conflicts and turbulence and to achieve by efforts to engage local communities and to sustained peace and development on the continent. develop strategies for countering extremism, such an Mr. McLay (New Zealand): Madam President, I understanding helps tackle the enablers of conflict and welcome you to New York — perhaps more correctly, I terrorism, and reduces the impact when conflict breaks welcome you back to New York. It is a pleasure to have out. you presiding over the Council. I wish to also thank the New Zealand follows closely and supports the Secretary-General and Ambassador Patriota for their work of the Peacebuilding Commission (PBC), and respective briefings, and Ms. Gbowee for her unique in last week’s peacebuilding debate (see S/PV.7359) perspectives. The Council can only be assisted by those called for a strengthening of the interaction between

20/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 the Council and the PBC, not least in making better threatened by climate change. To be effective, solutions use of the knowledge, experience and analysis of PBC and interventions must take account of the unique country-configuration Chairs. I repeat that call here circumstances of SIDS — which is one of the many today. New Zealand’s own region has, in recent years, reasons why, in 2012, New Zealand endorsed the New seen countries emerge from conflict, and that has Deal for Engagement in Fragile States. provided valuable lessons about conflict drawdown New Zealand is a long-standing supporter of the and highlighted how inclusive approaches are an concept of inclusive development, and so we welcome essential part of a sustainable peace and development this debate and thank you, Madam, for convening it. We programme. support the resulting efforts of this Council to deliver Timor-Leste is one such example. In 2006, the practical, inclusive development initiatives. international community gravely underestimated Mr. Cherif (Chad) (spoke in French): I commend the importance of sustained international support, Chile for its initiative in convening this open debate eventually leading to a renewed crisis. Development on inclusive development for the maintenance of partners moved quickly to support the Timor-Leste international peace and security, and welcome you, Government as it worked to formulate a strategic plan for Madam President, to New York. development. An early priority, which we very strongly supported, was the process of dialogue as internally I thank Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon; displaced people were reintegrated into communities. Ambassador Patriota, Chair of the Peacebuilding New Zealand has since worked in partnership with Commission; and Ms. Leymah Gbowee, President of the Timor-Leste to strengthen its security sector, including Gbowee Peace Foundation Africa, for their statements. by professionalizing the police force. We also worked Today’s global security environment is dominated with the National Human Rights Institution to ensure not only by terrorism, violent extremism and respect for human rights, and helped boost private transboundary organized crime, but also and first and sector activity to support livelihoods and employment foremost by numerous ongoing armed conflicts within options. State borders. This situation has a dangerous impact Today, Timor-Leste has graduated from being a on international peace and security. In that regard, the beneficiary of peacekeeping to itself being a contributor major challenges facing the international community as to United Nations peace operations. Through the Group a whole are the need to settle internal conflicts before of Seven Plus, it is a global leader on helping vulnerable they threaten international peace and security and to States to transition from fragility — a fine example promote stable societies free of radicalism, violence and of a beneficiary giving back. Timor-Leste’s recent extremism through inclusive, harmonious development. interventions were instrumental in Guinea-Bissau’s Quite clearly, socioeconomic factors based on return to democracy, as highlighted by Ambassador gender, clan, tribe, ethnicity or religion affiliation, as Patriota in his briefing. well as exclusion, discrimination and inequality, as Solomon Islands is another example where, after noted in the concept note before us today (S/2015/6, serious unrest in 2003, New Zealand, Australia and annex), are some of the root causes of conflict. other Pacific neighbours worked in partnership through Furthermore, just as development and inclusive the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands integration are necessary for peacebuilding and peace to help restore long-term stability and security. We maintenance, an inclusive society is critical to stability worked, for example, to ensure the peace and security and development. role of women, which saw the Royal Solomon Islands As to the prevention and the settlement of conflict, Police Force becoming one of the best-performing we note that the concept note distributed by the Chilean Government agencies in terms of female representation. presidency proposes inclusive strategies, such as those Small States, particularly small island developing contained in the Social Charter of the Americas of the States (SIDS), are overrepresented among countries Organization of American States, studies conducted threatened by fragility and instability. They are by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and also challenged by physical isolation, economies of Development, and the Dili Declaration. Nevertheless, scale, limited governance structures, limited natural it is primarily the duty of the States concerned to resources and uneven infrastructure, and they are seek appropriate ande suitable strategies for creating

15-01584 21/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 conditions conducive to their peoples’ inclusive in particular the United Nations integrated strategy participation in their country’s development. for the Sahel. It is important to stimulate growth and eliminate poverty in the region by funding specific Furthermore, while the primary responsibility for projects that the States concerned have drawn up. conflict prevention falls first and foremost on States, Those projects, inspired by the strategy, integrate no we believe that the Security Council must play an only the link between security and development, but important role on behalf of countries facing a post- also particularly highlight the role of women and youth conflict situation. In that context, we note the Council’s in the development process. role in establishing an inclusive Government in Iraq and in highlighting the importance of the inclusive Given their natural resources and for various other transition process in Yemen, the necessity of concluding reasons, numerous States, including in Africa, find an inclusive holistic peace agreement to end the crisis themselves in situations of almost permanent conflict. in Mali, and the establishment of a national unity It is essential that foreign interference be halted so Government in South Sudan and an inclusive process that those States can enjoy the benefits of their natural in the Central African Republic, inter alia. resources and the dividends of peace and development. We urge United Nations entities to incorporate the In Libya, a law was adopted to prevent all those issue of foreign interference as a significant cause of having collaborated with the former regime from conflict in their discussions on conflict prevention, participating in the post-conflict process. We believe peacekeeping, peacebuilding and development. that such exclusion cannot promote unity among all the parties to the conflict in order to assist in its resolution. In conclusion, my country remains concerned about The Council can also continue playing an important the multiple conflicts across the world, in particular in role in the signing of inclusive political agreements that Africa and the Middle East. We encourage the Security contribute to the resolution of conflict. Council to continue to seek to prevent armed conflict, even if this is a responsibility that falls first and foremost The participation of women and young people on States. As prevention is better than cure, Chad urges in political and development processes is critical to States, regional and subregional organizations and post-conflict recovery. In that context, we strongly the United Nations to pool their efforts to create the urge increased investment in actions to strengthen the conditions for inclusive and lasting development to save empowerment of women and the youth. A country can the world from the scourge of conflict. In that regard, find peace and development only through inclusion. the United Nations must better support regional efforts That is why it is essential that Governments establish in peace and security, including by making available institutions focused on countering exclusion in order financing and/or human resources when necessary. to build and maintain peace and thereby ensure development. Sir Mark Lyall Grant (United Kingdom): Thank you, Madam President, for convening this important Moreover, as underscored in presidential statement debate. It is indeed good to see you back here in New S/PRST/2015/3 that the Council has just adopted, there York. I would also like to thank the Secretary-General, is a close correlation between security and development. Ambassador Patriota and Ms. Leymah Gbowee for their In the context of Africa, the Secretary-General — in important and inspiring comments this morning. particular in his report of 24 July 2014 (S/2014/542), on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable This year the United Kingdom celebrates the eight peace and sustainable development in Africa — has hundredth anniversary of the signing of the Magna recommended further emphasis on that correlation. We Carta, in 1215. That was a ground-breaking moment in believe it is important to combat underdevelopment in the history of my country’s inclusive development. The order to contribute to maintaining peace and security. Magna Carta introduced the concept of a fundamentally different relationship between the State and individuals. As other speakers have underscored, underdevelopment In essence, the monarch agreed for the first time that and poverty are the root causes of conflict in Africa. his power could not to be exercised in an arbitrary and Against that backdrop, Chad, like other countries of unconstrained way, that the State was answerable to its the Sahel, eagerly awaits the swift implementation citizens and that there should be due process. It was the of regional strategies on security, governance, beginning of the rule of law — the most important of development, human rights and humanitarian matters,

22/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 the principles that underpin inclusive institutions and I said that the Council was designed to be a smoke accountable Government. detector, not just a fire extinguisher (see S/PV.7247). Too often we are trying to manage crises and failing History teaches us that where there is an absence to take seriously our conflict-prevention role. We need of inclusivity, the rule of law and political pluralism, to do better at monitoring situations in which political instability and possibly conflict will inevitably ensue. processes or institutions exclude or marginalize specific Conflicts erupt for many reasons, but there is growing groups. And we need to have the political will to take evidence that the social, political and economic appropriate early action, if necessary. We welcome marginalization of specific groups in society can be a the Secretary-General’s “Human Rights Up Front” major driver of conflict. initiative, which seeks to ensure the United Nations In 2004, the Arab Human Development Report does all it can to help protect people at risk and those warned us of “an acute deficit of freedom and good subject to serious violations of human rights before governance” in the Arab World, and predicted that events escalate into armed conflict and mass atrocities. it could lead to instability. Six years later, in 2010, a Thirdly, the relationship between violent extremism street vendor in Tunis named Mohamed Bouazizi and the absence of inclusivity is complex. We have seen set himself on fire in response to police harassment, already this year shocking and deadly attacks in France, triggering seismic upheavals across the Arab World, Yemen, Nigeria, Iraq, Syria and Pakistan. Extremists, the consequences of which the Security Council is still by their very nature, are opposed to inclusivity. Their dealing with today. Our collective failure — as it is so narratives tend to be revolutionary, uncompromising, often in the Council — was not one of prediction, but elitist and exclusivist in nature. They foster a world the lack of political will to take early action. view based on “them” and “us”. And they often seek The United Kingdom’s Prime Minister, David to exclude women and persecute minorities. We cannot Cameron, has consistently argued that inclusive allow these ideas to take root. They are the antithesis institutions, open societies and economies, and the of fundamental United Nations values and must be rule of law — what he calls the “golden thread of confronted. development” — are essential for countries to thrive But we must also understand better the drivers economically and to avoid conflict. Governments of extremism. In some cases, marginalization and should be the servants of their citizens, not their exclusion can play a part in radicalization. In addition, masters or the servants of a narrow, powerful clique. weak, fragile and conflict-affected States create a The Security Council should therefore reflect on how it permissive enabling environment within which violent can support countries in developing inclusive national extremism can flourish. Effective United Nations institutions. I believe that there are four key challenges. peacebuilding interventions can play an important role First, we need to be patient. There are no short-cuts in promoting inclusive political institutions, democratic to building inclusive national institutions. The World processes and accountable security and justice services. Bank estimates that, in a best-case scenario, making This is the best way to choke off extremist narratives. meaningful improvements to institutions takes between Finally, inclusivity is meaningless without women’s 10 and 17 years. Sustained political and financial active participation in political institutions, peace support to institution-building is therefore critical. negotiations and policymaking. Without women, we will The United Kingdom will do its part. Uniquely among only achieve unbalanced and unsustainable peace that Group of 20 countries, we have kept our promise to ignores the needs of half the population. It is now nearly spend 0.7 per cent of our gross national income on 15 years since the adoption of landmark resolution 1325 overseas aid, at least 30 per cent of which will be spent (2000), which for the first time recognized the unique in conflict-affected States. And we are now the second- impact that conflict has on women, as well as the largest overall financial contributor to the United significant contribution women can make to conflict Nations system. prevention, resolution and peacebuilding. Secondly, where national political institutions are There has been some progress since then, but not inclusive, we must recognize that the potential for much more needs to be done to ensure the meaningful conflict increases. In August last year, when the Council participation of women in all the different processes adopted resolution 2171 (2014), on conflict prevention, needed when building an inclusive society. This should

15-01584 23/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 include women’s greater participation in elections, The Council has been at the forefront in promoting peacebuilding processes and mediation. It should mean the principles of inclusiveness for sustainable peace more women in the police and security services, and with a view to preventing future conflicts, as reflected better training for armed forces and rule-of-law actors in a number of its statements and decisions on a number in gender and women’s rights. In that context, we of situations around the world. Additionally, the welcome the United Nations decision to commission a establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission was global study on the implementation of resolution 1325 a tangible manifestation of the Council’s commitment (2000), which will feed into the high-level review in in that regard. That have been said, Malaysia believes October. that there is room for a more strategic and more holistic approach to dealing with traditional and non-traditional Mr. Haniff (Malaysia): I wish to congratulate you, threats to international peace and security. In that Madam, and Chile for convening this open debate. context, we welcome discussions such as today’s, which Malaysia is pleased to see you presiding over the allows us to take a deeper look at the underlying causes Council. We add our voice in welcoming the adoption of of various conflict situations. presidential statement S/PRST/2015/3. We are mindful of the instrumental role you played as the first Executive In Malaysia’s view, understanding the nexus Director of UN-Women, and your presence here today between peace and security and development is key, reinforces the message on inclusiveness and on the given that security is a prerequisite for development critical linkages among development, international and that development is possible only in a peaceful peace and security and human rights, which together and stable environment. Malaysia remains convinced constitute the pillars of the Organisation. of the need to proactively promote stable and inclusive societies where radicalization, violence and extremism I also wish to thank Secretary-General Ban are totally and completely rejected. Towards that end, Ki-Moon; Ambassador Antonio Patriota of Brazil, Chair States, their partners and stakeholders must spare no of the Peacebuilding Commission; and Ms. Leymah effort in identifying and subsequently addressing the Gbowee, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate for 2011, for their factors or conditions that could frustrate the aim of presentations. achieving cohesive and inclusive societies. Ownership We meet today against the background of an over such efforts must lie first and foremost with States increasingly turbulent world. From the Middle East to and national Governments, supported by partners and Africa, from Asia to Europe, more and more civilians stakeholders. The United Nations, including the Council, have been and continue to be caught in a seemingly is well placed to play a pivotal role in supporting such endless spiral of vicious and violent conflict. An efforts, including through special political missions important dimension of many of these ongoing conflicts and peacekeeping missions. is their intra-State or intranational nature and the Malaysia realizes that in pursuing peace and increasing prominence of non-State actors as drivers development, the role played by women is crucial. In of conflict. By virtue of our increasingly globalized, that regard, the Government has carried out long-term interlinked and interdependent world, today we are strategies and programmes to ensure women’s equitable also collectively faced with other non-traditional share in the acquisition of resources, information, threats to international peace and security, such as viral opportunities and the benefits of development. The pandemics, cross-border terrorism and climate change, strategies emphasize equality and justice in the among others. implementation of development policies so that women Against such threats, the Council has demonstrated can optimally contribute and realize their potential in its resilience and adaptability by recognizing and all sectors, in accordance with their capabilities and responding to their changing nature. For instance, needs. The Government has also taken the necessary resolutions 2177 (2014) on combating Ebola and 2178 measures to create enough opportunities to enable the (2014) on combating foreign terrorist fighters are young people of our country to play a meaningful role examples where the Council effectively galvanized and in shaping their future. rallied the international community to recognize and Malaysia also recognizes that the advancement of address such scourges against humanity. civil and political rights in the country should keep pace with the significant progress made in the development

24/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 areas. In this regard, the Government has taken Villagers, succeeded in winning the hearts and minds significant measures aimed at further enhancing the of the people. The security guarantees provided by the exercise and enjoyment of such rights in the country. Government meant that the people were free to focus Malaysia’s commitment to the promotion and protection their time and energy on improving their economic of human rights was demonstrated, among other things, situation. The implementation of this and other bold by the establishment of the Human Rights Commission plans and strategies has borne fruit. As one illusatrion, of Malaysia, which is intended to promote awareness at independence 70 per cent of the population lived in and provide education relating to human rights, and poverty; according to the latest United Nations Human advise and assist the Government in formulating Development Report for Malaysia, released in 2014, legislation and procedures on these matters. poverty rates stand at 1.7 per cent. We share the view that the challenges faced In sharing that short anecdote from my country’s by multi-ethnic, multi-faith and multicultural history, I wish to emphasize that the notions of inclusion societies — especially those in the developing and inclusiveness must be given life and must result world — seen in terms of implementing or realizing in tangible outcomes. Malaysia has also found that in principles of inclusion, are enormous. We further share order to cement peacebuilding and nation-building the view that exclusion is particularly dangerous in efforts, inclusiveness must go hand in hand with other multicultural and multi-ethnic States where certain equally important values, including tolerance and components of society are marginalized or excluded moderation. Those values, which are deeply ingrained from the mainstream. The task is even more daunting in the daily lives of our people, have allowed Malaysia for societies in the post-conflict or transitional phase, to enjoy relative peace, stability and progress since independence. Malaysia is also perhaps fortunate, as it given that they would be ill equipped to embark on is part of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations nation and peacebuilding, much less to address the region, which, since its inception in 1967, has also root causes, such as marginalization and exclusion, that sought to promote and implement such values. gave rise to the conflict in the first place. Those are some of the lessons that Malaysia has As a multi-ethnic, multi-faith and multicultural learned on inclusiveness and on the very real benefits society itself, Malaysia is keenly aware of such it has brought about in terms of peace, security and challenges. Upon achieving independence in 1957, stability. We realize that when all segments of societies social cleavages along ethnic lines — where the are guaranteed equal opportunity — economically, identification of race with particular occupations socially and politically — and their separate identities was especially pronounced — resulted in significant are respected, they will become a productive, vibrant inequality of income and wealth. Consequently, mistrust part of the State, celebrating the richness of its diversity and even animosity among the various communities while building and united, strong and stable country. were widespread. I also wish to highlight that the concept of moderation Against the backdrop of the ideological confrontations promoted and practised in Malaysia has managed to that defined the Cold War era, there was also additional produce a unique social cohesion, which enables the pressure in the form of low-intensity guerilla warfare multi-racial, multi-religious and multi-ethnic societies and terrorism waged by communist insurgents. Such in the country to live together in peace and harmony challenges necessitated the implementation of radical through negotiation, consensus and compromise and to strategies in order to achieve the two key objectives embrace peace and reject any form of extremism and of security and poverty eradication. The notable violence for long-term mutual survival, sustainability strategies included the establishment of New Villages, and resilience. which gathered communities living near the forest I wish to conclude by emphasizing that Malaysia fringes — where they were open to intimidation and will continue to support the task of promoting the value coercion by insurgents — nearer to the towns, where of inclusiveness and the holistic vision of international the Government provided basic infrastructure and security based on the interdependence of the three amenities, including housing, water, electricity and, pillars of the United Nations system: peace and security, most importantly, security. development and human rights. The increased sense of security, coupled with The President (spoke in Spanish): I wish to remind new-found economic opportunities for the New all speakers to limit their statements to no more than

15-01584 25/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 four minutes in order to enable the Council to carry the post-2015 development agenda. In so far as peace out its work expeditiously. Delegations with lengthy and security are concerned, inclusive development statements are kindly requested to circulate the text must be an integral part of conflict prevention and in writing and to deliver a condensed version when peacebuilding. speaking in the Chamber. I also appeal to speakers to Thailand believes that inclusive development deliver their statements at a normal speed so that the is about placing people at the centre of our efforts. Interpretation Service can carry out its work properly. Therefore, the work of the Council should always bear I should also like to inform participants that this in mind the nexus between development and security open debate will continue through the lunch hour given and the direct impact on the lives and livelihoods of the great number of speakers, for which we are very the people. To promote inclusive development for peace grateful. and security, all aspects of the work of the United Nations — human rights, development and peace I now give the floor to the Deputy Prime Minister and security — must go hand-in-hand. Therefore, and Minister for Foreign Affairs of Thailand. we must ensure coherence among key bodies in the Mr. Patimapragorn (Thailand): Thailand is United Nations system. That will help us to develop honoured to be part of the deliberations today. We the capacity to take early and timely action to address welcome this opportunity to contribute our thinking on conflicts at their root causes. the very important topic that we are addressing today. Inclusiveness also applies to the work of the Since the establishment of the United Nations, Council. We welcome the ongoing efforts to engage much of the world’s hopes and aspirations for peace with non-members and all the relevant stakeholders so and security have depended upon how well the Security that all voices are heard and heeded in the Council’s Council carries out its responsibilities. What is clear deliberations, because they bear upon the peace and is that the issues impacting our common peace and security of all. security have become more complex — be they Before I conclude, I wish to pay my warmest inter-State or intra-State conflicts — and that there has tribute to President Bachelet for her commitment been an increase in non-traditional security challenges. throughout all these years to the promotion of the rights It is in that changing context that the work of the Council and empowerment of women. Thailand supports the must go beyond conflict resolution. Increasingly, the women and peace and security agenda. We encourage Council must gear its work towards conflict prevention, the Council to do more to increase the numbers of in particular addressing root causes. female peacekeepers, women leading peace operations Many of the conflicts that we have and female mediators in negotiations. I hereby pledge witnessed — be they within or between States — are my support for the “HeForShe” initiative for gender rooted in the underlying problems of poverty, social equality and strong commitment to do more towards injustice and inequalities and disparities within and that goal. between countries. Those give rise to frustration, Lastly, may I also congratulate the new members marginalization and alienation, which breed extremism of the Council. I am confident that they will not only and lead to conflict. We therefore have to tackle the root invigorate the Council, but also provide it with the new causes if we are to stem the rising tide of extremism as ideas and fresh thinking that will further advance the we have saw in recent shocking events. Council’s mission in the maintenance of international We know that sanctions and military means are peace and security. simply not enough to combat extremism and terrorism. The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the Instead, promoting inclusive political, economic and floor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Uruguay. social policies must also be part and parcel of the solution. Thailand believes that inclusive development Mr. Almagro (Uruguay) (spoke in Spanish): It is a in which no one is left behind and all have equal access great pleasure to see you, Madam President, presiding to opportunities for a better future would serve to over today’s meeting of the Security Council. It is also advance our goal of sustainable peace and security for a great honour to have been invited to participate. I all. That is true at both the national and international thank you for convening this open debate on security levels. Inclusiveness must therefore be at the core of and development. I especially thank you for the

26/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 presidential statement (S/PRST/2015/3), which makes a mandates of peacekeeping missions. Urugay, as one of contribution to consolidating the interdependence that the main troop contributors to these missions, has seen exists among the three pillars of the United Nations on the ground the strong positive impact of building system, namely, human rights, peace and security, and stronger, more inclusive and more resilient societies. development. I should also like to express my gratitude We recognize the importance of a political vision with for the important contributions by Secretary-General regard to rights for the resolution of conflicts. Ban Ki-moon, by my dear friend Antonio Patriota, Our societies are richer only through the promotion, whom I have the honour to sit next to once again, and observance and recognition of full economic, social and by Ms. Leymah Gbowee. cultural rights. Our societies cannot further develop There is no doubt that, in a general sense, inclusive without full respect for civil and political rights, which development is linked to the conflict-prevention agenda are essential to the consolidation of democracy and and to peacebuilding. The political stability, democratic the rule of law. Likewise, achieving fairer, more stable governance and territorial integrity of States are societies depends on the universality, indivisibility and conditions to generate development and are also, as a interdependence of human rights. result, factors that contribute to conflict prevention. I Uruguay, as a candidate for a non-permanent seat stress this principle by which we govern and cooperate of the Security Council for the period of 2016-2017, internationally. Although every State is responsible expresses its commitment to that broad approach, which for its own development, international cooperation links inclusive development with the maintenance of complements national efforts aimed at building peace and security. Our development entails poverty increasingly greater rights for increasing numbers of reduction and the elimination of extreme poverty, the people in order to strengthen human and institutional inclusion of all in the educational system and universal capabilities with a view to achieving comprehensive access to health services, the inclusion of women in all and inclusive development. spheres of participation through their empowerment, Allow me to refer to the Social Charter of the the recognition of the rights of those who wish to marry Americas, agreed upon by the Organization of American someone of the same sex, and the possibility of persons States, which establishes the basis for inclusive with disabilities to lead a full life in all areas, including development with equity in the American hemisphere that of employment, among others. and emphasizes respect for human rights, inclusion and The best society is based on the observance and non-discrimination as a basic pillar of the system. That promotion of the rights of every child, woman, minority, vision, which is shared in other regional forums such as refugee, victim of violence, sexual orientation. We MERCOSUR, the Union of South American Nations, believe that the Security Council must help through its and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean work, coordinated with other United Nations agencies States, has helped to maintain our regional space and to on the ground, to transform post-conflict situations keep it stable and free of conflict. into environments that promote development and long- Inclusion — social, religious, territorial, national, term stability. ethnic, social, gender, economic and cultural — is important It is crucial that the principal organs of the United in governing ourselves better. It is the paradigm of Nations make significant contributions to the well- democractization, and it is relevant to build political being of populations and that they have a genuine stability and democratic governance, which in turn impact on situations that have been on the agenda for are fundamental to the preservation and building of decades. Our standards for respect for and observance peace. Whenever we exclude others or fail to deal of human rights must continue to rise. with discrimination against a person, group or social class, we empoverish our coexistence and impair our The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the societies. But fundamentally, we are being unjust. floor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship of Argentina. Peacebuilding, as a long-term objective, is a cross- cutting task that must begin with the initial phases of a Mr. Timerman (Argentina) (spoke in Spanish): peacekeeping operation. It is important that the Security Allow me to express Argentina’s pride at seeing Council consider ways to accentuate the dimensions the sister Republic of Chile as a member of the of development and respect for human rights in the Security Council and, on this occasion, at seeing you,

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Madam, preside over it. I would also like to take this and the broadening of rights and in the consolidation opportunity to congratulate the Bolivarian Republic of a national State that is present and active and that of Venezuela on joining the Council, and my friend promotes public policies while constantly cooperating Rafael Ramirez for being present. I am also thankful with provincial and local governments as well as social for the invitation to take part in this debate on a topic organizations, developing and implementing initiatives of crucial importance for international reality: the that repair social inequalities in an ongoing task of role of inclusive development in the maintenance of searching for inclusion. international peace and security. I would also like to This necessarily leads to the perception of persons, thank my friend Ambassador Antonio Patriota and families and communities as rights-holders and requires Ms. Leymah Gbowee for their briefings, as well as their the effective recognition of all fundamental rights and dedication to this very important topic. the development of active, anti-discriminatory policies. At this very moment important negotiations That means that we must strengthen the United Nations taking place in the framework the Organization in commitment with the comprehensive perspective of which all Member States are democratically taking human rights. part with the commitment and responsibility to Those are the objectives that led Argentina to elaborate an agreement on a new development agenda establish a broader framework for inclusion, from for the next 15 years that will be a worthy successor the promotion of cultural change, which is necessary to the Millennium Development Goals and succeed in to combat the sources of discrimination in a fulfilling the goal of eradicating poverty. The Security structural manner and to build a society with greater Council cannot overlook that process, and that is why representation, recognition and civic participation. All we believe it is timely for an open dialogue that links of this comes with the understanding that inclusive the outstanding task of achieving development with development and the fight against discrimination other fundamental issues on the international agenda, help to improve stability and strengthen democracy, such as international peace and security. including the governance of public affairs, the rule of Argentina believes that any development agenda in law, peaceful settlement of disputes and, accordingly, the United Nations must be based on a human rights international peace and security. perspective, that is, it should aim at ensuring that all We cannot help but mention at this meeting the men and women worldwide have access to their rights close link between the development of human rights, and enjoy their fundamental freedoms. peace and security in the context of the underlying My country’s historic circumstances and the causes of international terrorism. We were all moved by political convictions in our society have shown that the terrible attacks that took place just a few days ago in development, human rights and international peace France, Nigeria, Yemen, and Lebanon that claimed the and security are clearly interrelated in such a manner lives of many innocent people. that they cannot be cannot be addressed separately. Argentina condemns terrorism in all of its forms It is in the General Assembly that we have developed and manifestations. We must prioritize the prevention the indispensable tools and capabilities to define, and the fight against terrorism in the multilateral agree upon, support and follow up on the efforts of the framework and attribute particular importance to the international community for sustainable development United Nations Global Counter Terrorism Strategy, in its three dimensions. As a result, opportunities such adopted by the General Assembly eight years ago, as the present one allow us to analyse the ways to keep and its four pillars. I would like to emphasize that the oopen the channels of communication and to be alert Strategy recognizes and includes a first pillar referring to avoid watertight compartments or the use of double to measures to address the conditions conducive to standards. the spread of terrorism. Those include human rights Public development policies that incorporate social violations; ethnic, national and religious discrimination; inclusion are the path of progress that we have chosen political exclusion and socioeconomic marginalization. in our region, and we hope that the new international While this in no way justify terrorist acts, we must agenda will continue in the direction of inclusive recognize that they can lead to radicalization and development. Indeed, development without exclusion recruitment to those ends. means societies will move forward in the restoration

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Argentina is convinced that the basis of prevention We are convinced that it is only through inclusive is to be found in policies that promote full respect development, based on equal rights and full respect for for human rights and the social inclusion of the most diversity and the dignity of all, will we be able to achieve vulnerable sectors of the population. Young people and the sustainable development goals, justice and human immigrants are potentially vulnerable to radicalization rights, and thereby contribute to the maintenance of and recruitment, especially if they are unemployed or international peace and security in a more lasting and marginalized. No transnational criminal organization or effective way. terrorist group would find fertile ground in societies that The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the succeed in developing high levels of peaceful coexistence floor to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Haiti. through social justice and where the elimination of poverty is a main objective of their development policy. Mr. Brutus (Haiti) (spoke in French): I would Accordingly, the mere consideration of the use of like at the outset to thank you, Madam President, the repression in the fight against terrorism must be Secretary-General, and Ambassador Patriota for their offset by efforts to promote equality, eradicate opening statements. I would also like to express my poverty, and create decent work, education and appreciation to the representative of Venezuela, whose universal access to health care. In another words, we statement touched upon the situation in Haiti. Finally, I must promote development with social inclusion as a would like to commend the Security Council for having prority challenge in achieving tangible progress in the taken the initiative to convene this open debate, which effective mitigation of the threat posed by transnational is so important with respect to inclusive development crime and international terrorism, thereby significantly and peacekeeping. I am particularly pleased to reducing conditions conducive to their spread. participate as the Republic of Haiti has benefited for the past 10 years from the presence of the United Nations I would like to conclude by referring to the final Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), whose document of the Open Working Group on Sustainable mandate clearly reflects the interlinkages between Development Goals, endorsed in September by peace and development. the General Assembly, in which we agreed on the conceptual framework for the sustainable development The relevance of the Council’s discussion is clear. goals and the 17 goals to guide the international A peacekeeping operation, regardless of the scope of community’s renewed efforts on inclusive development. the resources available to it for capacity-building in This document establishes that people are at the heart the area of security, is never enough in and of itself of sustainable development and that poverty is the to bring peace and balance to the community in major problem facing the world today. Eradicating question if the missions ignores or underestimates the poverty, along with the modification of unsustainable link between security and development, and between modes of production and consumption, the promotion inclusive development and peacekeeping. Development of sustainable modalities, and the protection and challenges raise multiple questions. The United management of natural resources, which are the basis Nations, backed by its experience acquired in some 50 of economic and social development, are the global peacekeeping missions worldwide, has established an objectives of sustainable development and the sine qua irreplaceable normative framework that increasingly non for achieving it. encompasses not only the many sources of instability and conflict, but also the dynamic interactions between The result of more than a year’s strenuous work these factors, which in post-conflict situations often set by all Member States, with the support of the United up insurmountable obstacles to growth, development Nations system, civil society and international experts and, consequently, to any effort to build lasting peace. within a broad consultation process, the document reaffirms the importance of freedom, peace, security The Haitian Government fully endorses the and respect for all human rights, including the rights to current efforts to adopt a comprehensive, consistent development and to a decent standard of living, as well and integrated approach to peacekeeping and security, as to food and water, the rule of law, good governance, based on preventing conflicts or their resumption. gender equality, the empowerment of women and We believe in particular that peacekeeping and the the general commitment to achieving more just and need for development go hand in hand. To be truly democratic societies through development. effective in the long term, peacekeeping must be part

15-01584 29/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 of an overarching political arrangement that takes establishing an effective post-conflict peacekeeping into account all emerging threats to security and mandate. all situations that may promote underdevelopment Capacity-building in the area of security should or contain the seeds of conflict and their possible go hand in hand with development concerns. Our reoccurrence. This is why, during its long-standing partners in the international community must work cooperation with the members of the Security Council with the host country, and in harmony with its national concerning the mandate of MINUSTAH, the Haitian development strategy, to create conditions conducive Government has always stressed its desire to see its to lasting inclusive development — in other words, to partners attach greater importance to development improving the people’s living conditions, which is a needs, in particular the many structural deficiencies decisive factor in the maintenance of peace. As a result, and vulnerabilities that hinder the economic and social in future responses in terms of peacekeeping missions, integration of disadvantaged groups and the delivery of it is important for the Security Council to take into essential services to the population. account, at an early phase, such crucial interlinkages In this regard, we welcome the convergence of between peacekeeping and development. That is, in my vision and efforts of the Haitian Government and view, one of the crucial conditions for the maintenance MINUSTAH in shaping and adapting the stabilization of a lasting peace on the ground. programme. We are pleased that certain development The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the needs, and in particular those involving infrastructure, floor to the Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs and post-earthquake reconstruction and the protection of Human Mobility of Ecuador. civilians have been taken into account, including in the framework of quick impact projects, which make Mr. Arízaga (Ecuador) (spoke in Spanish): I bring significant contributions to the maintenance of peace fraternal greetings from President Rafael Correa, and stability. The two parties attach equal importance Minister for Foreign Affairs Ricardo Patiño Aroca and to ownership by the Haitian Government of joint our citizens revolution. My delegation would like, at the projects and where follow-up must be guaranteed. outset, to express its pleasure at seeing you, Madam President, presiding over this meeting of the Security With regard in particular to the current political Council and our gratitude for the work that Chile has situation, which has raised some concern among been carrying out during its presidency of the Council. members of the international community, I wish to I am all the more pleased to be here today, on Martin reassure all our partners that, thanks to the spirit of Luther King, Jr., Day, which celebrates that Nobel compromise and consensus shown by President Joseph Peace Prize winner, someone who fought tirelessly for Martelli and the majority of the Haitian political inclusive development. class, Haiti has successfully overcome the crisis that threatened to undermine the progress of the stabilization In the twenty-first century, peace can no longer programme undertaken during the past decade. This is mean only the absence of war. Peace without inclusion an indisputable example of the Haitian people’s true and justice is not genuine peace. Overcoming poverty political maturity and their significant achievements is the greatest moral imperative facing the planet today, attained, inter alia, with the support of MINUSTAH in because for the first time in the history of humankind, stabilization and development. poverty is not the fruit of a lack of resources or of naturally occurring factors, but rather the outcome of We are deeply grateful to our partners in the systems that are unjust and exclusionary. international community for their support to the people and Government of Haiti throughout the exceptional As far as Ecuador is concerned, human beings must crisis in our country. We hope that the Security Council be at the centre of everything — not capital. For my and all our partners in the international community country, the main thing is to live well, in harmony with will maintain their support for the Government and nature. With that in mind, over the past eight years, people of Haiti as they strengthen the rule of law and Ecuador has empowered its Government. That has democracy. In more general terms, we believe that made it possible to plan and design public policies and the example of MINUSTAH in Haiti could, in spite to regulate, monitor and redistribute wealth. Thanks to of its limitations, serve in many ways as a model for that great effort, we have been able to lower national poverty in terms of income by 15 per cent. We raised

30/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 equality levels by 8 points, as measured by the Gini Fifth, let us promote development that is based on coefficient. We universalized basic education, tripled human talent, education, knowledge and innovation, but our public health-care services and guaranteed free that is also sovereign and respectful of human rights. higher education, enhancing our investment in such Reducing extreme poverty, poverty and inequality education to bring it to the highest level in Latin must be the fundamental parameter for gauging such America. We have enhanced the supply and quality development. All efforts undertaken with that vision of our public services, brought attention to unpaid in mind, in which humankind and its well-being are domestic labour and increased social security services at the heart of the work of States and international for over 1.5 million Ecuadorians, which is to say 10 per organizations, must be supported, because they are cent of our population, all while maintaining the highest essential if we are to build genuine, lasting peace. rate of public investment in Latin America. This year in particular, issues such as the post-2015 The Government of Ecuador has embarked upon development agenda, the challenges posed by climate a new era, and now our country is full of ideas and change, the serious problems facing small island States has great faith in itself and enhanced self-esteem and and landlocked States and the impact of natural disasters sovereignty. Despite the difficulties stemming from the compel us to look into how inclusive development is global crisis and the current decrease in the price of oil, now becoming the key focus of domestic action within which is my country’s main export, the Government of States, cooperation between States and peacebuilding. Ecuador has confirmed that it will deliver its budgetary Sixth, the drive for limitless wealth and concentrated allocations for the social sector. power leads to more human rights violations. One We must recognize that, internationally, we are example of that is the abuses committed by certain still suffering from the fallout of a global order that transnational companies, whose activities should be is not just unjust but also immoral. As we approach regulated under a universal, legally binding instrument. the seventieth anniversary of the establishment of the We are currently reviewing and negotiating such an United Nations, my delegation would like to share the instrument in Geneva. following thoughts on the issue before us today. Seventh, my country reiterates the urgent need to First, it is our view that the origin of the global crisis make progress on our reform of the United Nations so stems from the belief that everything is a function of that the Organization can be more democratic, efficient capital and, more specifically, financial capital. Solving and transparent. After 70 years of existence, the the crisis, however, must involve society regaining Organization cannot continue to reflect the reality of control over the market. the 1940s. Not only is reform necessary, but it is critical for the future of the Organization and requires all of Second, we must come up with a new international us to be committed to it. Let us not miss the historic economic order that is based on a framework of fair opportunity offered us this year, and let us ensure that trade that is in solidarity with developing economies we go to the General Assembly at its next session with and a new international financial architecture that specific, consensus-based proposals. gives priority to environmental conservation and social inclusion projects, helps us reach food sovereignty and Eighth, I align myself in advance with the statement guarantees that the cycles of life can continue. to be made shortly on behalf of the Group of 77. The bodies of the United Nations must fulfil their mandates, Third, the crisis facing us should, in and of itself, each in its respective field. mark a turning point in strengthening the United Nations role in global economic governance with Ninth, and finally, I would like to reiterate the a view to initiating a comprehensive reform of the important role inclusion plays in political stability, international financial system and democratizing democratic governance and our countries’ development. international relations. Let us tackle the sources of exclusion and create early- warning systems to that end. It is my belief that we must Fourth, as part of this framework, in Ecuador’s learn from good practices. My country is prepared to view, human beings are still the priority. As I have share its experiences and to learn from other successful already mentioned, the moral imperative for us is to models. extricate human beings from poverty. To do so, we must ensure that we use our natural resources responsibly.

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Finally, I thank the delegation of Chile for its constant: the world still requires a renewed commitment work and its concern about tackling key issues on the on our part to devise fresh approaches and solutions international agenda. We must be proactive, set clear aimed at reweaving the social fabric and ensuring, not objectives and work towards specific outcomes in this just promising to ensure, the conditions necessary for area. My country, Ecuador, will lend its full support to inclusive development for our citizens. achieving that objective. Individuals and their welfare must be at the centre The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the of the efforts made at the national and international floor to the Vice-Minister for Latin America and the level. In a genuine international community, there Caribbean of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mexico. should be no place for exclusion or lack of opportunity. Ms. Rubio (Mexico) (spoke in Spanish): My The effective prevention of conflict requires the delegation expresses its gratitude to the Government strengthening of the rule of law at the national and of Chile for the manner in which it has been international levels. I should like to stress that conflict participating in the work of the Security Council, and prevention is a bounden duty that is not limited to the we wish to congratulate you, Madam President, for the 15 members of the Council. What we are dealing with extraordinary initiative of holding this debate on a very here is an unconditional responsibility of all States that important issue: that of inclusive development for the are permanent members of this universal Organization. maintenance of international peace and security. This requires a collective effort and political will within the various bodies and agencies of the United This debate is not only necessary but also timely. Nations system. The process of intergovernmental negotiations that is beginning today in the General Assembly, which is The processes of parallel review being carried out aimed at defining the objectives and goals of the post- in 2015 on the structure of a peacebuilding architecture, 2015 development agenda, is without a doubt a key peacekeeping operations and the implementation opportunity to strengthen inclusive development as a of resolution 1325 (2000), on women and peace and factor in ensuring international peace and security. security, in conjunction with the negotiations on the post-2015 development agenda, must effectively The international community has long sought to contribute to the promotion of inclusive development reflect in its practices an unquestionable and complex and reaffirm the inextricable link among peace and equation: the interdependence between peace and security, sustainable development and human rights. security, sustainable development and human rights. We have made progress in recognizing this threefold We in Mexico are sure that the way ahead towards reality and in working in a consistent manner, but a better future — a future of peace, prosperity and much remains to be done. It is important to stress from greater opportunities — must begin with respect for the very outset the importance of the cross-cutting human rights law, the strengthening of transparency and work that the United Nations system as a whole must accountability, the creation of key infrastructure that carry out so as to ensure peaceful, just, inclusive and promotes development, the effective implementation democratic societies. of reforms, and, of course, a combat against poverty that features new ways to achieve inclusion and social Mexico believes that the new parameters for global participation. development must be guided by principles such as social and economic inclusion, so that we can ensure equal We reiterate our gratitude to the brotherly country opportunities for all persons, with special emphasis on of Chile for having brought this important nexus of the marginalized, excluded and vulnerable. Our position issues to the table for debate today. in this respect coincides fully with what was expressed The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the by President Bachelet, who has our full support. floor to the Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs of the It is a fact that we are facing increasingly complex Dominican Republic. challenges to which our societies are, quite rightly, Ms. Liriano de La Cruz (Dominican Republic) demanding responses from their Governments and the (spoke in Spanish): I wish to begin by thanking you, international institutions. Conflicts each have their President Michelle Bachelet, for your initiative to own particular features and dimensions, and there is convene this timely and decisive meeting. The leadership no one-size-fits-all solution. However, there is one

32/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 you have shown in the various posts you have held In addition to their operational content, peacekeeping reflects your commitment to the loftiest international operations must continue to strengthen their goals. I wish also to congratulate the Secretary-General comprehensive and multidisciplinary nature. We on the clarity and depth of his briefing. Likewise, we commend the inclusion in these operations of new welcome the briefings by Mr. De Aguiar Patriota, Chair components that prioritize women, child soldiers, of the Peacebuilding Commission, and Ms. Leymah victims of sexual abuse and, as we stated earlier, the Gbowee, President of the Gbowee Peace Foundation protection of civilian populations. In that regard, I wish Africa. to commend President Bachelet and the Secretary- General for their strong leadership in promoting The Security Council is the organ with primary the cause of women in these sensitive topics, which, responsibility for the maintenance of international peace unfortunately, were marginalized in the international and security under the Charter of the United Nations. security context until only recently. Today’s meeting in particular addresses an issue that has serious implications for international peace and Ensuring international peace and security is a huge security. A review of the international environment task that requires collaboration and greater support on gives us the opportunity to renew our commitment in the part of the Security Council vis-à-vis international the face of continually evolving challenges and promote cooperation organizations and the international a bold vision to achieve peace and security. community. The mission would be to strengthen the capacity to really undertake peacebuilding in When we focus our attention on people, we see that the affected countries in such a way as to prevent, if the most urgent priorities of those affected by armed possible, the resurgence of a crisis. Countries emerging conflict are often security and development, respect for from conflict should increasingly be able to count on the rule of law and human rights. In other words, this effective aid programmes to restore their political, is a matter of life and death. A firm resolve to assume judicial, security and socioeconomic institutions. the global responsibility to protect civilians in armed If they do not have a clear vision and if they do not conflict would certainly result in greater credibility for appropriately address extreme poverty and deprivation, the Security Council. The effective protection of the it is certain that there will not be lasting peace. There civilian population is essential for sustainable peace, are cases of countries in which there were peacekeeping and this should be taken into consideration whenever operations that lasted many years and then came to an peacekeeping operations intervene. end, but those countries had to return to dealing with Along with the changing international context, the problems. That means that the approaches followed as we have heard repeatedly since the beginning of did not address the fundamental problems. this meeting, new threats are emerging that affect In the Dominican Republic we have tremendous security. These threats include marginalization, respect for the goodwill of the international terrorism, climate change, arms proliferation, piracy, community, expressed through the Security Council, in drug trafficking and its corollary, international supporting our neighbour, Haiti, to overcome adverse organized crime. The complexity of those threats circumstances of every kind. Our people have worked and the interdependence of the issues of security and in solidarity to do all they can to help our neighbour development issues are making the Security Council’s country, and in that regard it is worth noting the efforts role increasingly difficult, especially with regard to of the bilateral Joint Commission as a solid expression the mandates of its increasingly complex peacekeeping of support for the tasks of recovery. We therefore wish missions, thus weakening its effectiveness. to acknowledge the efforts made by the countries in our We believe that the Security Council, in order to Latin American region and beyond that are a part of the meet these new challenges, should reconsider the most United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. effective way for it to operate. The Council should Mr. Barros Melet took the Chair. optimize its effectiveness, particularly on the issue of prevention. It is better to prevent crises and conflicts We wish to make use of this important event to than it is to find solutions to them. In that respect, the exhort the international community represented in Security Council should do everything in its power to this important international effort to devote greater improve the Organization’s early-warning system. attention to fragile States and States emerging from

15-01584 33/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 conflict in order to build the capacity of their national Economic and Social Council, nor will the Security institutions to efficiently address the problems of Council have the capacity to do so. Those issues are development and security. The international agents as a being rightfully addressed by the General Assembly, the whole, with their financial support and capabilities, are Economic and Social Council, the High-level Political called to work together to address the needs of marginal Forum, the United Nations Framework Convention societies. In today’s world, which operates in a security on Climate Change and other relevant forums. The environment is rapidly changing and is unpredictable, purpose is to promote synergy among various United we have to take actions and responses that are every Nations bodies. more convincing and consistent. If we do not, the The Security Council and its peace operations United Nations and international community will lose and missions are trying to resolve conflicts driven by a great opportunity for peace. the lack of inclusive growth, inequitable distributing The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the of resources and weak institutions. The strategies to floor to the representative of Pakistan. resolve conflicts should therefore include economic deprivation and marginalization. That is particularly Mr. Masood Khan (Pakistan): We are honoured important in the post-conflict peacebuilding phase so that Micheline Bachelet, President of Chile, has as to stem a relapse into conflict. A targeted focus on presided over this important Security Council debate. development and long-term economic revitalization We thank Ambassador Patriota and Ms. Gbowee for in an inclusive manner is essential to achieving that their insightful briefings. objective. Regional organizations and the Peacebuilding Peace and security, development and human rights Commission are ideally placed to build and strengthen are the three pillars of the United Nations system and the nexus between security and development. collective security. Those pillars are interdependent The President’s concept note (S/2015/6, annex), so and mutually reinforcing. General Assembly resolution ably written, goes beyond inclusive development. It 66/288, entitled “The Future We Want”, adopted in projects a holistic view of international security and pursuance of the Rio+20 Conference, once again recommends inclusion as a way to effectively prevent established a firm correlation between sustainable intra-State conflicts and asymmetric warfare that development and peace and security. undermine the governance of societies and international Poverty eradication; sustainable patterns of peace and security. The prevention of conflicts remains consumption and production; sustained, inclusive and the primary responsibility of Member States, but in equitable economic growth; reduction of inequalities; conflict situations prevention requires a comprehensive fostering of equitable social development; and inclusion approach and the constant support of the international and promotion of the integrated and sustainable community, particularly the Security Council. The management of natural resources and ecosystems concept note has, in a synoptic manner, highlighted how create an enabling environment for peace and security the Security Council has assisted in the management and gradually remove drivers of conflict. Draft goal 16 of inclusive transitions, peace dialogues, electoral of the sustainable development goals, adopted in the processes and governance structures in Iraq, Yemen, Open Working Group last year, stipulates the promotion Mali, the Central African Republic and West Africa of peace and inclusive societies for sustainable and how nations like Rwanda, Burundi, Haiti have seen development. The Secretary-General, in his synthesis a turnaround by pursuing national reconciliation and report (A/69/700), says that participatory democracy inclusive development. and free, safe and peaceful societies are both enablers We endorse the President’s view that peace and outcomes of development. missions, under the guidance of the Security Council, Inclusive development shapes a salutary milieu for should continue to work for inclusive peace processes, the maintenance of international peace and security. development and security. The very concept of The purpose of highlighting the correlation between inclusion implies that the United Nations system should inclusive development and peace and security is not to work as a whole, and not operate in parts, in silos. encourage the Security Council to take up the issues of Nations must eliminate the exclusion, discrimination sustainable development or financing for development, and marginalization that lead to violence, strife and which are dealt with by the General Assembly and the conflict. With equal vigour, they should promote

34/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 national, territorial, religious, ethnic, racial, social stable societies and, indeed, a more stable international and cultural cohesion and inclusion. The Security order. Council might consider issuing public documents on At the same time, peace and stability within lessons learned and best practices from various conflict societies cannot be considered in isolation from their situations. Such publications could help decision international context: they are directly connected to, makers and peoples grappling with similar situations. and affected by, conditions of instability and insecurity Finally, synergy on the issue of inclusion among at the international level. As far as the issue of political United Nations bodies does not mean they should inclusion is concerned, it is equally important to trespass on one another’s mandated space but should remember the oft-repeated maxim that there is no rather share experiences and perspectives aimed at one size that fits all. In other words, efforts to ensure enhancing the United Nations system’s effectiveness. broader political inclusion within national contexts The jurisdictional boundaries of each forum must be must reflect national circumstances and realities, respected. The objective is to work towards lasting and avoid repeating and reinforcing the existing peace and development that serves the people of the paradigm of foisting externally formulated policies and world. programmes on countries transitioning out of conflict. The imperative of political inclusion should not become The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the an imposition of prescriptions by the Security Council floor to the representative of India. on affected populations. Mr. Bishnoi (India): I would first like to A holistic vision of international security based congratulate you, Mr. President, on Chile’s assumption on the interdependence of the three pillars of the of the presidency of the Security Council for this month. United Nations system — namely, peace and security, The topic for today’s debate is an important one. development and human rights — does not mean ipso We have no difficulty with the concept note (S/2015/6, facto that the Security Council should arrogate all those annex) circulated by the presidency when it states that functions to itself. Security does indeed have a broader inclusion and inclusive development are factors relevant context. However, just because it has many dimensions to the preservation of peace and peacebuilding. Indeed, does not mean that the Security Council must occupy it has been our consistent position that there can be no all of them. There are separate organs within the United peace without development. No society or nation has Nations system tasked with managing those three so far managed to achieve peace and stability without pillars. It is synergy and complementarity that should eradicating poverty and providing its people with basic be our watchwords, not duplication and co-option. human development and economic opportunities. Where issues of inclusive development are concerned, the Security Council should not encroach on the The grievances that often lead to conflict, mandates of the General Assembly and the Economic whether within or among countries, are driven largely and Social Council. The fact that there are as many as by a sense of deprivation linked to an absence of 79 speakers on the list for today’s meeting does not development. Behind almost every conflict in the world legitimize bringing the subject to the Security Council. is a background of poverty, hunger and deprivation and South Africa, as Chair of the Group of 77, and many a lack of economic opportunity and social inclusion. others, including us, will be saying this. In any case, When people do not have the means to shape their own while the mandate of the Security Council is to act on destiny, when they cannot aspire to a better future for behalf of the wider membership, its non-representative themselves and their children, they are susceptible to character renders it uniquely lacking in the legitimacy being caught in a vicious cycle of violence and conflict. necessary to counsel States on the merits of political Inclusive economic growth and development, especially inclusiveness. when they make opportunities available to individuals and communities, are crucial buffers to conflict. Thus, The question therefore is not so much how the by focusing on holistic development and addressing Security Council should embrace the notion of the the root causes of instability and conflict, particularly interdependence of the three pillars in order to poverty, exclusion and lack of development, we can safeguard international security, but how the United create an environment more favourable to peaceful and Nations system as a whole should do so. The system’s development pillar has traditionally been its most

15-01584 35/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 underfunded, and even in cases where the system does post-2015 sustainable development agenda (A/69/700). focus on development, it is increasingly distracted from Despite that, we continue to derive lessons for every the central premises of eradicating poverty and hunger peacekeeping and peacebuilding operation and mission. and forging international cooperation to help developing The challenges we are seeing increasingly emphasize countries find a path to sustainable development. We the interdependence between security, justice and talk of development in the Security Council and then development in the promotion of lasting and sustainable want the development agenda to focus on peace and peace. There is much to be said on this topic, but I will security. Such an approach can lead only to confusion limit my remarks to five points. rather than results. First, we must understand that poverty and social What is therefore needed is for us to seize the injustice per se do not necessarily lead to violence momentous opportunity provided by the post-2015 and conflict. What we must address, therefore, development agenda to craft and implement policies are the underlying circumstances and other, more for genuine international collaboration on eradicating complex factors that can lead to conflict. When high poverty and promoting sustainable development. In his unemployment, especially among young people, recent synthesis report, entitled “The road to dignity and widespread poverty prevail at the same time as by 2030: ending poverty, transforming all lives and a minority enjoys a quality of life known only in the protecting the planet”, the Secretary-General puts it first world, there is at least some risk of conflict. Those well when he says “The stars are aligned for the world factors must be alleviated, not only for intrinsic ethical to take historic action to transform lives and protect reasons, but, in broader terms, as a means of conflict the planet.” (A/69/700, para. 25) That would in turn prevention. Peace and development must be addressed generate the conditions necessary for the Security in a comprehensive and coordinated way at all levels Council to fulfil its mandate of ensuring international throughout the United Nations system. We therefore peace and security. welcome the fact that the draft sustainable development goals include a stand-alone objective on promoting The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable floor to the representative of Guatemala. development, which would facilitate access to justice Ms. Bolaños Pérez (Guatemala) (spoke in Spanish): for all and create effective, accountable and inclusive I would like to thank your delegation, Mr. President, for institutions at all levels. organizing this very timely debate, and for Ms. Michelle Secondly, Guatemala sees the Peacebuilding Bachelet’s personal participation as President. We also Commission as an important institutional interface appreciate the briefings by, and the presence here this between the Security Council, the Economic and morning of, the Secretary-General, the Chair of the Social Council, the General Assembly and the Bretton Peacebuilding Commission and Ms. Leymah Gbowee, Woods institutions. We therefore believe that its work President of the Gbowee Peace Foundation Africa. is important in terms of the institutional development Guatemala considers today’s open debate very of the United Nations. We trust that this year’s review timely, which, it is worth mentioning, coincides with of the peacebuilding architecture will strengthen it the start of negotiations on the post-2015 development and provide for better coordination among the bodies agenda. We are pleased that both the Security I just mentioned. Similarly, we believe that the high- Council and the General Assembly, within their level panel review of the various general aspects of respective mandates, are placing greater emphasis peacekeeping operations and special political missions on the importance of inclusive development for the will help in using these tools more efficiently. All of maintenance of international peace and security. In this will contribute to settling conflicts definitively and our view, over the years the complex links between preventing relapse into violence, which, in most cases, security and development have been codified and undermines the gains made. clarified in numerous internal reports and resolutions Thirdly, we are convinced that women have a of this Organization, starting with Boutros Boutros- central role to play in preventing and settling conflicts, Ghali’s 1992 An Agenda for Peace (S/24111), through promoting justice and reconciliation, supporting the Outcome document of the 2005 World Summit in disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, and in 2005 (General Assembly resolution 60/1) to the current rebuilding national institutions, which are all integral Secretary-General’s recent synthesis report on the

36/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 pillars for building lasting peace. The review to be and Herzegovina, as well as Ukraine and Georgia, align carried out by the high-level panel on the implementation themselves with this statement. of resolution 1325 (2000), on women and peace and Allow me to start by thanking President Bachelet, security, is very timely. Broad-based sustainable you, Sir, and the Chilean presidency of the Security development can help tackle the root causes of conflict. Council for the initiative to convene this timely By definition, this means including women, who can debate. We also wish to thank the Secretary-General, play a key role in negotiations and peace processes, Ambassador Patriota of Brazil and Nobel Peace Prize and young people, who have immense potential to Laureate Gbowee for their comprehensive briefings. contribute to the development of their societies. Regrettably, we are reminded by numerous conflict Fourthly, I would like briefly to mention the wide situations of the imperative need to address the range of preventive diplomacy tools our disposal. We underlying causes of conflict by promoting sustainable recall that the Secretary-General’s five-year action development, inclusion, equality, the rule of law, respect agenda include advancing the responsibility to protect for human rights and inclusive political processes that agenda. My delegation fully supports that priority, leave no one behind. The promotion of all of these which in turn contributes to the progress on the topic things might not fall primarily within the remit of the of today’s debate. The responsibility to protect implies Security Council; however, the results of the lack of all that all members of the international community must of those factors can be found across the agenda of the uphold a code of conduct regarding the treatment of Council. their own people. States that do not respect this basic commitment must understand that they will face Security and development are closely interlinked, consequences. It was our own Heads of State who mutually reinforcing and key to attaining sustainable jointly accepted this concept in 2005. The least we peace. Building sustainable peace is inextricably linked can do now, 10 years on, is to ensure that this agenda to inclusive development. Sustainable peace requires continues to evolve in its practical application. respecting the needs of the most disadvantaged and vulnerable and realizing their economic, social and Finally, to achieve inclusive development we cultural rights. The economic and political integration must also promote the rule of law. This provides the of marginalized populations is a determining factor for necessary environment for sustainable development, peace and security. inclusiveness and economic growth. As we know, the rule of law has a special place in the agenda of the Sustainable development requires that human rights United Nations. Upholding and promoting the rule of and fundamental freedoms be respected, protected and law and justice must guide all of its activities, thereby fulfilled. It requires the promotion of the freedoms of conferring predictability and legitimacy on its work. expression, opinion, assembly and association, both online and offline, as the representative of Lithuania We believe that the Security Council must continue and other speakers have already recalled today. to work in support of inclusive political dialogue and must continue to cooperate with all the relevant actors Sustainable peace requires that we ensure that to implement the lessons learned and knowledge gained no person is denied universal human rights and to promote peace and human well-being. basic economic opportunities. It requires that we promote freedom of religion or belief and that we The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the fight discrimination in all its forms on grounds of floor to His Excellency Mr. Thomas Mayr-Harting, race, ethnicity, age, gender or sexual orientation and Head of the Delegation of the European Union to the advocate for the rights of children, persons belonging United Nations. to minorities, indigenous peoples, refugees, migrants Mr. Mayr-Harting: I have the honour to speak and persons with disabilities. on behalf of the European Union (EU) and its member Sustainable peace requires gender equality and States. The candidate countries Turkey, the former the participation and empowerment of women and Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia girls. Women are agents of peace and development. and Albania, the country of the Stabilization and They should no longer be victims. At all stages of the Association Process and potential candidate Bosnia process of building peace, signing peace agreements

15-01584 37/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 and introducing development programmes, we need a countries most in need, including those that are fragile. stronger role for women. Significant support granted by the European Union goes to security sector reform, the rule of law, justice Sustainable peace requires combatting discrimination and governance. and addressing the structural causes of poverty, inequality and violence, including by strengthening With the adoption of the comprehensive approach effective inclusive and democratic institutions, good of the European Union’s development policy and governance and the rule of law. Sustainable peace our resilience policy, the accent is also put on better and sustainable development require peaceful and connecting different interventions and instruments of inclusive societies, democratic governance and the the EU so as to become a more effective and strong rule of law. Inclusive development based on consensus, partner for Governments and other international actors. participation and consultation diminishes the risk of In Mali and Somalia, we are deploying the full range conflict and enables long-term stability and sustainable of our instruments, from the Common Security and peace. Development requires an independent judiciary, Defence Policy missions to development programmes, a reliable police force and a public sector free of which address, with a longer-term perspective, corruption. Development depends on an active private governance, the rule of law and building resilient sector, acting as a partner. To allow for this, institutions livelihoods. Our development toolbox has improved need to be legitimate, accountable and efficient. A with the design of conflict-sensitive and human rights- stable, predictable and transparent legal regime creates based development interventions. An important part an environment conducive to investment, enterprise of our work is supporting national authorities to tackle and growth; it ensures equal opportunity and equitable transnational threats — such as terrorism, narcotics access to basic services, which are indispensable for trafficking and piracy — and working both with social development and inclusive societies. national Governments and with regional organizations. The European Union is also enhancing its early-warning Countries that have come out of conflict have also capacities in order to identify risk trends, address the highlighted the importance of tackling these issues. In gap between warning and response, and foster a long- that context, I would like to commend the work done in term, comprehensive approach to preventive action follow-up to the Dili Declaration by the fragile States before violence erupts. concerned. The Security Council should address peacebuilding Illicit financial flows from trafficking, smuggling, as early as possible and strengthen the use of the corruption or money-laundering endanger both peace advisory role of the Peacebuilding Commission. The and development. various reviews to take place this year need to fully We need strive to address most of this outside the take into account the security/development nexus. This Security Council. The requirements for sustainable year’s review of peace operations must also particularly peace are, first and foremost, our own responsibilities, take into account the multidimensional nature of in regions and in Member States. But if these peacekeeping operations. Peacekeepers have helped requirements are not met, it will often be the Security organize participatory political processes, including Council that will have to address the consequences in elections, in various conflict-affected countries. In an effective and timely manner. doing so, they have been supported by the European Union. In 2014, peacebuilding achievements have come The Council has often included such considerations under threat, due in particular to the Ebola epidemic. of inclusive development and political processes in statements, resolutions and mandates. In order to be Lastly, the security/development nexus is also prepared for timely and effective responses, the Council relevant as we seek to address the threat of terrorism. could explore new and innovative ways of working with In its counter-terrorism work, as in other areas of our different actors, including with civil society. Existing work, the European Union tries to take a comprehensive tools, such as Arria Formula meetings, should be better approach, including integrating capacity-building utilized. The best prevention of conflict remains support measures into the overall development and security for democratic governance, respect for human rights assistance to third countries and coordinating with and economic development. The EU’s development key partners. We recognize that concrete progress in policy today emphasizes our strong engagement in the areas of security, justice, human rights and the rule

38/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 of law are critical both for tackling terrorism and for and to adopt more preventive actions. These are core achieving sustainable development. elements of the human security approach that can make a significant contribution to today’s discussions In view of the other important events that are on the maintenance of peace and security. When happening here in this building today, I would also confronting multiple challenges and vulnerabilities that like to conclude by underlining that we call for a post- affect different countries, societies and communities, 2015 development agenda that is people-centred and human security proposes responses that encompass based on human rights, and combats discrimination, the elements of peace and security, development and including gender inequality and gender-based human rights — the three interdependent pillars of the violence. The agenda should address the structural United Nations system. causes of poverty, inequality and violence, including by strengthening effective, inclusive and democratic Its prevention-oriented approach allows for timely and effective policy planning that addresses the institutions, good governance and the rule of law. Only underlying causes of threats that may endanger the by addressing all these elements will the new agenda be prospects for peace, stability and development. Those truly transformative. underlying causes of both domestic and cross-border The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the conflicts include growing socioeconomic and gender floor to the representative of Austria. disparities, ethnic or religious tensions, the lack of respect or denial of human rights, discrimination and Mr. Sajdik (Austria): It is my great honour to exclusion in general. speak on behalf of the members of the Human Security Network, a cross-regional network composed of Chile, By disaggregating social and economic indicators Costa Rica, Greece, Ireland, Jordan, Mali, Norway, at the national and local levels, the human security Panama, Slovenia, Switzerland, Thailand, South approach is able to uncover the various factors of Africa as an observer, and my own country, Austria. exclusion that impede women; minority, ethnic and religious groups; and economically marginalized The Human Security Network is an informal group of populations. By engaging communities in the States that advocates for the greater usage of the human development and implementation of solutions to their security approach in policies and programmes at the daily challenges, the human security approach has led to international, regional and national levels. more effective and sustainable responses that promote At the outset, let me thank Secretary-General Ban the inclusion of all relevant stakeholders, especially Ki-moon; the Chair of the Peacebuilding Commission, women and marginalized groups; capitalizes on Ambassador Antonio Patriota; and Nobel Peace Prize existing local capacities; and promotes greater national laureate Ms. Leymah Gbowee for their comprehensive ownership. Such an approach must be a key element in briefings. thwarting the emergence or spread of pervasive threats that could constitute real obstacles or challenges to the Mr. Olguín Cigarroa took the Chair. promotion of development, stability, peace and security. On behalf of the members of the Network, I would In conflict situations, our group has constantly like to express our strong appreciation to the presidency emphasized the security and dignity of civilians affected of Chile for convening this very important open debate. by armed conflicts, particularly those belonging The Human Security Network has been traditionally to more vulnerable groups. The multidimensional, engaged in debates on critical issues in the Security people-centred, context-specific approach that human Council. We are very pleased by this timely initiative, security proposes is also relevant in supporting the which appropriately highlights the connection between efforts of societies in post-conflict situations and in inclusive development and the maintenance of ensuring the better passage of critical transition periods international peace and security. to greater normalization, stability and development. In that sense, we are seeing encouraging examples for the We welcome the adoption earlier today of strengthening of institutions and the participation of presidential statement S/PRST/2015/3, which calls on people. the United Nations and its Member States to adopt a more comprehensive and integrated approach to In cases such as th of the Democratic Republic peacebuilding, to promote the inclusive participation of the Congo, the human security approach is being of all stakeholders in post-conflict reconstruction, applied in response to the reintegration of ex-

15-01584 39/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 combatants, disenfranchised and marginalized youth, Inclusive development holds a key to the answer. the lack of sustainable livelihoods, struggling health As this debate attest, there can be neither peace nor and educational services, persistent tensions among development without the active participation of the community members, and acts of gender-based violence. many, including of course the most marginalized. For The integrated human security approach complements example, systematic economic and social exclusion and various efforts led by the Security Council in post- inequalities drive a lot of today’s conflicts. At the same conflict situations. time, it is people in conflict-affected and fragile States that lag the most behind in fulfilling the Millennium Our challenge is to apply the human security Development Goals. People in conflict-affected and approach more systematically at the national level through national ownership involving all local organs fragile States are stuck in a trap of poverty and violence. and parties concerned, as well as across the entire Root causes and drivers of conflict and violence United Nations system. The Human Security Network must therefore inform development cooperation. believes that this should allow for greater coherence and Conflict analysis — outlining and understanding these efficiency in the use of resources and in the exchange of causes and drivers — is key. We need to understand good practices and lessons learned. the factors — for example, political, economic, social, Ultimately, this approach would ensure that top- and historical — that directly influence the forms down protection strategies, including strengthening and dynamics of conflict and violence. We need to the rule of law, promoting good governance and understand what separates and what connects people protecting human rights, are complemented by policies and groups. and progammes that empower conflict-affected If, for instance, your group identity or belonging communities and build social cohesion. Together, they determines your access to security, to justice, to land, to would foster greater participation and ensure that the jobs, and to political influence — or, to put it differently, dividends of reconstruction and development, as well as if your group identity puts you at risk of exposure the enjoyment of fundamental freedoms, can reach all corners of society. In conclusion, this should generally to harassment or violence on the part of the national benefit the goal of international peace and security for police, systematic discrimination by the authorities, all, and also provide an operational framework for the land deprivation, and lack of influence — then all post-2015 agenda. development efforts targeting these areas will have a bearing on the conflict. Building trust between the The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the State and society and within groups will increase floor to the representative of Sweden. social cohesion, which is at the centre of inclusive Mr. Thöresson (Sweden): I thank you, Sir, and development. through you President Bachelet for the opportunity to Development can be inclusive and thereby reduce address the Council on behalf of the Nordic countries poverty, break the cycle of violence, and prevent new on this very important topic. The Nordic countries also conflicts from emerging or returning to conflict if all wish to thank the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, groups of people, including the most marginalized, Ambassador Patriota of Brazil and Nobel Peace Prize contribute to creating opportunities, share the benefits Laureate Leymah Gbowee for sharing their valuable of development, and participate in decision-making. insights today. Inclusive political participation in peace processes, Development is always political, and particularly elections, constitutional processes, or decentralization so in contexts marked by armed conflict and violence. efforts are ways to non-violently resolve and prevent Neither peace nor development is only about agreed- conflict. The Security Council has a crucial role to play upon words on paper; both are societal processes, in formulating mandates to support such participation, upheld and pushed forward by people. As the Security and should continue to do so effectively. Council remains seized of threats to peace and security, it is crucial to consider, as we do today, the underlying In this context, let us also remind ourselves that factors and causes of conflict and relapses into conflict. women represent, in many cases, more than half of How can we prevent situations from ever having to end the population. Any effort that does not involve them up on the Council’s agenda? is doomed to fail. Women’s participation is critical to peacemaking, to peacekeeping and to peacebuilding.

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The Security Council has a special responsibility to necessary for societies to move on and break with the ensure the presence and active involvement of women. violent past. Development cannot be business-as-usual We commend the Council for its efforts in this regard, after a conflict, but needs to be inclusive also in the sense and encourage it to continue to focus on the issue of of dealing with issues central to sustainable peace. To women, peace and security in all its aspects. prevent future conflict and insecurity, decisive action needs to be taken to face climate change. Climate Having spoken about the Council, the Nordic change is a threat multiplier. Today, unfortunately, countries would like to see the Council encourage the world is facing the risk of additional temperature the Secretariat, including Special Representatives increases of over 2 degrees Celsius. Climate change is and Envoys, to pay increasing attention to inclusive therefore expected to pose a major strategic security development, and in particular the lack of it, in their threat in the future. briefings and reports. We also urge the Council to utilize the whole variety of formats it has at its disposal; The year 2015 is the year of the three reviews: on the more the Council can learn from the experiences peace operations, peacebuilding and the global study and work of other actors, the better prepared it will be on women, peace and security. This year will thus bring to respond efficiently to challenging situations. us an opportunity to examine our overall efforts to building sustainable peace. The Nordic countries hope Let us also take a moment to reflect upon the overall that all three reviews will enlighten us as to how to do United Nations involvement in the nexus of security this better, inclusive development being an important and development. We all agree that the United Nations piece of the puzzle. needs to deliver as one. In its resolution 2086 (2013), the Council recognized the important role of peacekeeping The Nordic countries have been promoting stand- missions in assisting host countries in developing critical alone goals on peaceful and inclusive societies, gender peacebuilding priorities and strategies and in helping equality and good governance in the post-2015 agenda, to create an enabling environment for relevant national which are key contributors to poverty eradication and and international actors to perform peacebuilding tasks sustainable development. Inclusivity is at the heart of all and to implement early peacebuilding tasks themselves. this. The post-2015 agenda will be central in identifying where to direct our efforts in coming years, and should The use of inclusive United Nations mediation serve to inspire the Council’s actions as well. should be further developed. Mediation should be used in all stages of the conflict cycle. In this sense, the The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the Council sets the path for the ensuing peacebuilding, floor to the representative of Japan. for example by meeting the need for a professional, Mr. Okamura (Japan): I would like to begin by legitimate, accountable and impartial security sector expressing my sincere appreciation for Chile’s initiative and judiciary to build trust not only with people for in convening today’s open debate on this important peaceful conflict-resolution, but also with economic topic. I am also grateful to Secretary-General Ban actors. As peace operations often do the initial work Ki-moon; Ambassador Antonio de Aguiar Patriota, and in supporting the host country, it is important that Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Ms. Leymah Gbowee for the rest of the United Nations and other development their briefings. actors follow suit. Currently, several layers of actors work in development, peacebuilding and State-building According to the World Development Report 2011, at the international, national, regional and local published by the World Bank, 90 per cent of conflicts levels. In order to enhance and make development initiated in the 2000s were relapses of previous civil and peacebuilding initiatives more effective, greater wars. As many researchers point out, the recurrences coherence and coordination are needed. Common and of conflict are attributed in part to failures to promote nationally owned and led strategic goals should be peacebuilding in an inclusive manner. In light of the pursued by all actors. maintenance of international peace and security, inclusivity is an extremely important factor in As part of building sustainable peace, healing the peacebuilding processes. Therefore today’s meeting wounds of society can determine whether peace and is very appropriate and timely. Japan has given stability will be sustained in the long run. Dealing considerable attention to this topic. Since 2013 my with grievances or hatred over past atrocities through Mission has jointly organized seminars on “inclusivity reconciliation or transitional justice processes is

15-01584 41/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 in rebuilding States with the Missions of Tanzania and development, but has also promoted an inclusive Slovakia. In building upon these initiatives, I should society, particularly by assisting women and young like to discuss two points in today’s open debate. people. For example, Japan’s technical cooperation in Kenya and Tanzania helps to promote the role of First, on political inclusivity, Japan has actively women in agriculture and to realize gender equality contributed to the Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) in farm management. Such assistance further leads since its inception in 2005. The PBC was established to the empowerment of women and enhanced social to address the so-called gaping hole in the United inclusivity. Nations system, where there had been no institution to effectively help countries with the transition from war Japan is determined to continue its active role in to lasting peace. Last year in the PBC’s Working Group promoting peace and an inclusive society through on Lessons Learned, which Ambassador Motohide the activities of the PBC as well as through bilateral Yoshikawa, Permanent Representative of Japan, has the assistance. We hope that the Security Council will honour to Chair, we had extensive discussions on the continue discussions on inclusive peacebuilding and issue of transitions of United Nations missions. development to further strengthen its role in maintaining international peace and security as well as to improve In his final report, the Chair pointed out that a its complementary relationship with the Peacebuilding major challenge faced by post-conflict countries is Commission. sustaining inclusive political processes. The withdrawal of United Nations missions invariably results in the The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the limited capacity of the United Nations to support floor to the representative of South Africa. inclusive political processes on the ground. The report Mr. Mamabolo (South Africa): I have the honour emphasized that the PBC should play a role by offering to speak on behalf of the Group of 77 and China. Allow a political platform to help sustain international me to begin by congratulating you, Mr. President, attention and engagement with countries experiencing and through you Her Excellency President Michelle transitions. Furthermore, the report notes that as an Bachelet, on the assumption by Chile of the presidency advisory body to the Security Council, the PBC has a of the Security Council for the month of January. We crucial role in preventing the relapse of conflicts. At would like to thank the Secretary-General for his the time of transition of United Nations missions, the statement this morning. Equally, we wish to express PBC can support the Council’s efforts by advising it our sincere gratitude to Ambassador Antonio Patriota on the holistic peacebuilding progress on the ground. It of Brazil, Chair of the Peacebuilding Commission, and can also draw the Council’s attention to possible risks Ms. Leymah Gbowee, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate of of relapses when any symptom of reversion, including 2011 and President of the Gbowee Peace Foundation serious situations of exclusion, is presented after the Africa, for their interventions. withdrawal of United Nations missions. In this regard, we would like to call on the Council to work with the The Group of 77 does not traditionally speak at PBC to further improve the Council’s early warning meetings of the Security Council. Our mandate as a and conflict prevention functions. group is to focus on economic and social development issues. However, today’s discussion by the Council on My second point concerns inclusive development, the topic of inclusive development for the maintenance which is an essential part of human security and of international peace and security has prompted us to should also be one of the key principles of the post- request the floor in order to put on record the views 2015 development agenda to be adopted in September. of more than two-thirds of the States Members of the Japan has provided post-conflict countries with United Nations. seamless assistance for the consolidation of peace. In Africa, for more than 20 years, Japan has actively The link between peace and security and development supported African countries’ own efforts to consolidate is undeniable. The fulfilment of development goals peace and advance development, through the Tokyo would lessen the likelihood of conflict breaking out. International Conference on African Development Internal conflicts in various parts of the world have process. Through this process, Japan has not only at their very core the plight of the population to their implemented its assistance with a deep understanding development aspirations. Many Governments that have of the interrelationship between peacebuilding and failed to meet these aspirations have been threatened

42/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 by internal unrest. The failure to honour development mandated United Nations bodies to ensure the broader assistance, provide debt relief to developing countries, participation of Member States. opening of markets and transferring of technology have The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the all played their negative role in consolidating stability. floor to the representative of Iraq. These are the issues that should be considered in their appropriate forum where we, as Member States, should Mr. Alhakim (Iraq) (spoke in Arabic): First, I make concrete commitments in this regard. should like to thank the President Bachelet of Chile for her presence at this important meeting. We congratulate The Group of 77 and China would like to point Chile on acceding to the presidency of the Council for out that the primary mandate of the Security Council this month. We would also like to wish for all Member is the maintenance of international peace and security. States a good year full of peace and security for The Charter of the United Nations clearly sets out the everyone. roles and responsibilities of the principal organs of the United Nations. As the Group has stated in this Chamber We thank you, Sir, for holding this important open before, the principle of separation of the mandates of debate on inclusive development for the maintenance of the United Nations organs must be respected. international peace and security. We also congratulate Angola, Malaysia, New Zealand, Spain and Venezuela, The Security Council is considering the issue the new members of the Council, and wish them a of development in relation to peace and security at a successful and fruitful mandate within the Council. I critical time when the intergovernmental process of must also congratulate Chad on the excellent way in negotiations on the post-2015 development agenda which it conducted the work of the Council last month. commences. In fact, the intergovernmental process, which begins today, is getting under way as we speak. We thank Chile for its efforts in preparing The Group maintains its view that the mandate of presidential statement S/PRST/2015/3, adopted today. the different organs of the United Nations should be There is no doubt that all peoples of the world aspire respected as the General Assembly remains the highest to the best possible development so that they can deliberative body that affords all Member States an benefit from welfare and prosperity. However, without equal opportunity to participate in development-related security there will be no development. Although it has debates. considerable human potential and resources, Iraq is faced with conflicts and danger that threaten its national The President of the General Assembly has project, which is to build a democratic political regime appointed co-facilitators to lead a process of representative of all elements of Iraqi society and seeks negotiation on the post-2015 development agenda in to guarantee the participation of all Iraqis in the choice which all stakeholders will participate in accordance of their leaders through a transparent and fair electoral with the rules of the General Assembly. As the G-77 process. We are of the firm conviction that this will we will engage in a constructive dialogue to ensure be the first step on the right path to build a stable and that the United Nations remains central in addressing safe future for Iraq and all Iraqis so that they can have these global development challenges. Our engagement inclusive development as they wish. at the intergovernmental negotiations on the post- 2015 development agenda is intended to ensure that Threats caused by terrorist activities are one of the the United Nations develops a global development greatest dangers faced in Iraq. Iraq is at the head of the agenda which contributes to international development, list of those States most affected by the various forms thereby resulting in long-term prosperity and peace and and manifestations of terrorism for 2014. Terrorism security. has affected infrastructures and cities in Iraq and thereby impacted economic activities. That in turn In conclusion, I should like to reiterate that the has had a negative impact on sustainable development Group of 77 and China will continue to pursue the and economic progress in all of its aspects, including achievement of sustainable development and the socioeconomic and environmental. Iraq is in great eradication of poverty, as well as the fulfilment of need of development, good governance and sustainable the commitments made by developed countries in democracy. It also is in need of a favourable environment all development-related relevant bodies. As Member for foreign investment as it needs stability at the level States we are under an obligation to ensure that these of macroeconomic policy. issues in all their complexity are addressed in the

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It is comforting to note that the international to our strong conviction that peace and security cannot community is currently more aware and more coherent be guaranteed without development, the protection of in combating the various facets of the threat posed by human rights and democratic governance. My country terrorism, which has expanded beyond local areas and has long worke for lasting, sustainable development is becoming a transnational and even a transcontinental that is also inclusive. We therefore continue to dedicate problem, and thus a threat to international peace and 1 per cent of our gross national income to development security. Building on international efforts meant to cooperation by supporting cooperation programmes, assist Iraq in its efforts, and with a sense of collective specifically in such areas as social education and health, responsibility to combat international terrorism, we in order to assist our partner countries in favouring urge the international community, which has made inclusive development in their societies. additional efforts in this regard, to combat terrorism, The international community is increasingly aware which through its actions exploits resources and of the need to address the root causes of conflicts: engages in organ-trafficking in order to finance its poverty, discrimination, exclusion, and the lack of terrorist activities. The international community must the rule of law, to name just a few. We see it in this focus its activities to guard against collaboration with debate today in the Security Council as we see it in the Islamic State. We would like to recall here that the intergovernmental work under way in the General the commitment of Member States to implement the Assembly, which is seeking to establish a post-2015 relevant Security Council resolutions is the best way to sustainable development programme. We welcome that. combat the effects of terrorism on the global population. For my part, I should like to focus on two aspects of this debate: post-conflict peacebuilding and addressing the In conclusion, peoples suffering from a lack specific needs of women and young people. of security are unable to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, which indicates an overall failure Peacebuilding is a long-term effort that must of the current sustainable development framework, mobilize all the vital forces of the countries and regions and is the result of the organized violence of terrorism concerned and enjoy the coherent and long-term support and a lack of overall security. We hope for a post-2015 of the international community. Peacebuilding efforts development agenda that would be more effective in will have a lasting impact only if they contribute to the order to limit and put an end to the impact of terrorism establishment of inclusive political processes and enable in the region. the establishment of competent national institutions that must also be accountable to their citizens. The The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the situations in the Central African Republic and South floor to the representative of Luxembourg. Sudan, among others, have shown us that the risk of a Ms. Lucas (Luxembourg) (spoke in French): I resurgence of conflict is unfortunately elevated if these should like to congratulate Chile on having organized things are not done and if the root causes of conflict are this open debate on the topic of inclusive development, not adequately addressed. which is of fundamental importance to the maintenance As other speakers have already stated, it is also of international peace and security. The Secretary- essential to guarantee the participation of women, General, the Chair of the Peacebuilding Commission young people and other groups in society that are too and Ms. Leymah Gbowee, recipient of the Nobel often excluded from decision-making, not only because Peace Prize, have demonstrated this very well in their women and young people are agents for change but also briefings. because they are the most vulnerable in conflict and post-conflict situations. It is important to give prospects I fully associate myself with the statement of for the future to the young, who represent a growing the European Union. I should like to add several portion of the population in developing countries. The observations in my national capacity. marginalization of young people and the absence of As we approach the global summit of 2015, the career prospects make them easy prey for hate-inciting interdependence of the three pillars of the United and extremist speeches. From being agents for peace Nations — peace and security, sustainable development, and development, they run the risk of becoming agents and human rights and the rule of law — is no longer in of instability and violence. doubt. During our recent term in the Security Council, To conclude, I should like to reiterate our support we sought to promote an integrated approach, faithful for initiatives seeking to improve early earning, in

44/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 particular the Secretary-General’s Rights Up Front has yet to match the Council’s aspirations. Throughout initiative, which should sound the alarm whenever the world, too many women continue to be treated human rights violations and negative exclusion as second-class citizens. From Nigeria to Syria, movements are detected. We hope that this initiative from Pakistan to the Sudan, women are subjected to will enable the Security Council to better perceive the unspeakable violence and discrimination. In many signs that precede conflicts and to act before it is too places they are barred from participating in political late. life, cannot work or attend school, or are victims of sexual violence that is often overlooked by local The maintenance of international peace and security authorities. and preventing conflict are two sides of the same coin. History will judge the United Nations on our capacity Societies that oppress women are doing a double to work together for a future with dignity for all. We disservice. First, they are committing an injustice are convinced that it is possible to get there, and that we against half the population, and secondly they are can conquer poverty and violence and adopt sustainable obstructing development. We know that when half of development models that will enable future generations the population is sidelined, the path to development to have better lives. That will require us to redouble our is blocked. We also know that women promote peace efforts in all forums, including the Council, in order to and reconciliation in these societies. As an example, in bring an end to exclusion and the inequalities that we Rwanda women have been the driving force in post- see in all their forms. conflict reconstruction and peacebuilding. Today, Rwanda is ranked seventh in gender equality and The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the women are fully engaged in the country’s economic and floor to the representative of Israel. political leadership. Mr. Prosor (Israel): It was a great honour to have Martin Luther King Jr. taught us that “Change President Bachelet here earlier today. Allow me to does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but thank and congratulate Chile on bringing this important comes through continuous struggle”. The challenges subject to the attention of the Council. to development — the hardship, the despair, the It is fitting that a debate on inclusive development poverty — can seem overwhelming. The security falls on Martin Luther King Jr. Day. Dr. King was a challenges that we face are equally daunting. champion of human rights and human dignity. He Nonetheless, I am optimistic because I have seen at taught the world that strong societies do not succumb to first hand how inclusiveness enriches a society. division. They teach tolerance and embrace diversity. From its earliest days, Israel opened its door to He also taught us that we must commit ourselves all people of all nationalities and faiths throughout wholeheartedly to the values that we believe in. He said: the world. We championed an education system that “The ultimate measure of a man is not where he teaches tolerance and a justice system that safeguards stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but the rights of every person. Today one can find people where he stands at times of challenge”. of all colours, creeds and religions succeeding in every area of society. Israel also understands that empowering The challenge before us is immense. In the coming women is the foundation of thriving societies. The year, the United Nations will unveil a new development pioneers who founded Israel’s kibbutz movement built agenda. It is our duty to ensure that it is truly a society centred on cooperation and equality. Women transformative and can serve as the key to unlocking a contributed to every aspect of kibbutz society, from the better future for millions of people throughout the world. agricultural fields to the political field. We must create an enabling environment for inclusive and peaceful societies by promoting good governance, Gender equality is also enshrined in our 1948 supporting strong institutions, and advancing the rule Declaration of Independence. More than 40 years ago, of law at both the national and international levels. when Golda Meir was elected Prime Minister, Israel was the third country in the world to elect a woman to Fifteen years ago, the Council adopted resolution its highest office. In fact, Israel is the only country in 1325 (2000), which recognizes the critical role that the Middle East where women have presided over each women play in promoting and maintaining peaceful and every one of the three branches of Government. societies. The situation on the ground in many nations Today, we continue to invest in women. The Israeli

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Government funds a number of high-tech vocational The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the training programmes to enable Arab, Bedouin and floor to the representative of Poland. Jewish women to reach their full potential. Mr. Winid (Poland): I should like to thank the The prosperity and stability of societies also presidency of Chile for having convened today’s open depend on enabling young people to play a meaningful debate. Poland aligns itself with the statement delivered role in shaping their future. The current generation of by the delegation of the European Union. children and youth is the largest in human history. Of The year 2015 provides a special opportunity to the 7 billion people living on the planet, nearly half are have a discussion on the relationship between inclusive under the age of 25. These young people have hopes development and international peace and security. We and dreams. When young people see a future devoid of hope that the upcoming review of the peacebuilding jobs and opportunities, frustration sets in. If it is not architecture and the review of peacekeeping addressed it is a ticking time bomb. operations, as well as the high-level review to assess Members may have read about a 14-year old Syrian the implementation of resolution 1325 (2000), will boy named Usaid Barho. Like other boys of his age, lead to a deep reflection on this issue. The seventieth Usaid dreamed of growing up and finding a job that anniversary of the United Nations and preparation for would make his family proud. But there are no simple the summit for the adoption of the post-2015 agenda dreams for a boy growing up in Syria. Last year, Usaid will also be a good opportunity to discuss progress in was recruited by Sunni extremists from Islamic State in this respect. Iraq and the Sham who threatened to rape his Mother We understand that development is not a main issue if he did not join them. Seeing no alternative, Usaid within the scope of the Security Council deliberations. volunteered to be a suicide bomber. He strapped on a However, too many times in the past the Council has suicide vest and made his way to a Shiite mosque and had to deal with the effects of underdevelopment and revealed himself to the local guards. fragility. Too frequently, the international community Usaid’s story is not unique. Extremist groups thrive has had to react at the very last moment. That is why in regions with poor governance, weak rule of law, and we appreciate that in recent years the linkages among a rampant social exclusion. It is no coincidence that so peace, security and development have been increasingly many of the countries that threaten global peace and recognized by the members of the Security Council. stability are the very places where millions of people There is a fruitful cooperation between the Council and are deprived of their basic dignities and freedoms. the Peacebuilding Commission (PBC). Throughout the world radical Islamists are waging war Multidimensional mandates of peacekeeping against our way of life, our values and our freedoms. operations and political missions allow for greater Development can lay the groundwork for stability, but effectiveness. More often, the mandates of United it is not enough. We must confront the extremists who Nations peace operations are constructed in a way sow the seeds of hatred. We must uproot radicalism and where more peacebuilding tasks — inter alia, support we must weed out the terrorists who seek to destroy our for economic reconstruction, electoral processes and way of life. institution-building — are assigned to peacekeepers. Working together, we are succeeding in doing what That is why the security/development nexus should be the United Nations was created to do, improving the reflected in this year’s reviews of peace operations and lives of hundreds of millions of people. We are the peacebuilding architecture. first generation with a chance of eliminating extreme There are still places in the world where we need poverty. There is an African proverb that teaches that if to prevent the cycle of recurring violence. We believe you want to go fast go alone, but if you want to go far, that the Council can make greater use of its working go together. We have come so far and achieved so much methods in this regard, in particular through more that we cannot stop now. Together, we must struggle frequent Arria-formula meetings with representatives to break down the barriers that divide us. Together we of civil society. Security is not only the lack of conflict must build more peaceful societies and together we but also the lack of threats that natural disasters and must be united in achieving the common dream of all climate change pose to human safety and well-being. As people, a better future for our children and a chance to we are all aware, climate change is a threat multiplier. live in peace and security.

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Possible sea-level rise and the loss of territory resulting PRODERE Programme in Central America in the from climate change may seriously affect the future 1990s — a multi-disciplinary development programme of many vulnerable States. There are countries that for refugees, displaced persons and returnees in six might disappear and entire nations might need to seek Central American countries, assisting 700,000 people. refuge far away from home. It is our global challenge of In light of our development cooperation experience, adaptation to climate change, a global challenge of risk and in full alignment with the action taken to date to management and a global challenge of sustainable use prepare the post-2015 development agenda, we are of non-renewable resources. particularly pleased to find the concept of inclusion across the board in all of the objectives highlighted in We are satisfied that the Climate Change the outcome document of the Open Working Group on Conference in Warsaw in 2013 adopted very important Sustainable Development Goals (see A/68/970). decisions in this regard — the Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage, which provides Minorities today are among the most vulnerable assistance to vulnerable populations, and the Warsaw against the many crises at hand, often based on Framework for REDD-plus to compensate and track religious, ethnic and social factors. Precisely, developing countries’ efforts to reduce emissions from individuals belonging to minority groups are among deforestation and forest degradation. the main victims of violence. Their civil and political vulnerabilities are worsened in many situations by Let us not forget about the third element of the economic and social disparities, which are a particular triad, that is, human rights. Respect for fundamental impediment to ensuring the enjoyment of the economic, freedoms, including freedom of expression, media and social and cultural rights of every citizen. An answer association and the inclusion of women in all parts of to this double challenge could be the inclusion of political and social life as well as the rule of law and minorities in decision-making processes. good governance are critical for reducing the likelihood of violent conflict. Italy has long supported the early warning mechanisms of the United Nations aimed at offering a The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the timely detection of risks of mass atrocities. Italy has floor to the representative of Italy. supported the updating of the “Framework of Analysis Mr. Lambertini (Italy): Italy aligns itself with the for Atrocity Crimes” drafted by the Office of the statement delivered by the observer of the European Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, Adama Union. I should like to add a few remarks in my national Dieng, and of the Special Adviser on the Responsibility capacity on some specific questions. to Protect, Jennifer Welsh, launched in December 2014 here in New York. We fully share the logic and purpose of the Chilean presidency’s initiative to convene an open debate of A field in which Italy is very active is that of the Security Council on inclusive development and professional training of officials from law enforcement its centrality in maintaining international peace and bodies of countries in transition. Among these are security. As highlighted in the concept note (S/2015/6, training courses for Afghan government officers and annex), only a holistic approach towards issues of attachés, ongoing since 2010, offering theory and peace, the safeguarding of human rights and economic practical applications of international humanitarian development, can make the vision of the founders of the and human rights law, with a particular focus on the Organization — a world without war — a reality. more vulnerable groups. The programmes of the Centre of Excellence for Stability Police Units (CoESPU), It is highly significant that this debate is taking launched in 2005 in Vicenza and directed by the Italian place on the eve of the launch of the intergovernmental Carabinieri for instructors of specialized police units, process to determine the post-2015 agenda on maintain in all of their modules the protection and sustainable development. Our moral imperative is to promotion of human rights, including in reference to promote inclusive societies, which in itself is a strategic minorities. CoESPU courses are attended by officials investment in terms of enhanced security, greater coming mainly from African and Asian countries, who economic development and stronger institutions. In this make up approximately 70 per cent of the participants. spirit, inclusive development has become a constant in Italy’s actions, in its cooperative programmes What is more is that any discussion on inclusive since its launch of pioneering initiatives such as the development must necessarily, in our opinion, focus on

15-01584 47/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 gender issues. Since the inception of resolution 1325 It is critical to examine how societies are governed (2000), Italy supported its adoption and implementation. based on the rule of law, how resources are distributed It is among the countries that adopted a national action and how new risks and vulnerabilities are responded plan to implement the resolution and has taken a to. Hence, in the preventive, conflict and post-conflict number of actions to combat violence against women. phases in Africa, we should ensure that inclusive Moreover, Italy was the first Member State to stress the economic, political, legislative and judicial institutions introduction of women and peace and security issues are strengthened, made effective and accountable in the framework of the Universal Periodic Review. In and respond to the needs of all, including the poorest the same spirit, we have developed specific projects in and most vulnerable, especially women and youth. relation to the implementation of resolution 1325 (2000) Therefore, United Nations peacekeeping operations in in Afghanistan, Lebanon, Somalia and the Palestinian Africa should take on increasingly complex and hybrid autonomous territories. operations, as well as specific and comprehensive social It is ultimately essential that we closely follow reconstruction tasks designed to create legitimate, the connection between crime prevention, criminal inclusive and effective States. justice and the rule of law for the sake of inclusive The work of the Peacebuilding Commission and development. This is a field in which we believe we its Support Office will have to be better equipped, must endeavour to find a balance, even at times when in close cooperation with the European Union, the security needs and efficacity in responding to crime African Union and subregional structures, to build can be at odds with the principles of the rule of law and inclusive governance systems that withstand shocks the separation of powers. This belief is expressed, first and vulnerability, with a strong role for women in peace and foremost, in the General Assembly resolution on and development. the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (resolution 55/25), of which Italy was In the context of the post-2015 agenda, Kazakhstan a sponsor and facilitator. The resolution clearly recalls is committed to inclusive, people-centred development the values tied to the rule of law, understood as respect as the bedrock for peace and security, through for international and national legality, and those tied our Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy and the recently to respect for human dignity, particularly of the more launched Nurly Zhol programme. Both are political vulnerable components of society — minors, women, and macroeconomic stabilization plans aimed at migrants. establishing, at the same time, social protection, quality health care, education, housing and employment. To that end, in view of the thirteenth United Nations Kazakhstan has enacted progressive legislation to Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, to recognize its 130 ethnic groups and almost 20 religious be held in Doha in April, five countries, including Italy, denominations on its territory. have called for a debate on 24 February to be chaired by the President of the General Assembly and centred My country is committed to inclusive development specifically on the interlinkages between criminal at the global level as well. To ensure harmony among all justice, the rule of law and development. Another high- ethnicities on its territory and in the region, my country level side event on issues linking human rights and the has taken the lead in regularly convening the Congress rule of law to criminal justice against transnational of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions. Astana crime will be organized by Italy and Thailand for the is going to host the fifth Congress in June this year on opening days of the Congress. the theme “Dialogue of religious and political leaders for peace and development”. My Government thanks The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations for its floor to the representative of Kazakhstan. continued support to the Congress. Mr. Abdrakhmanov (Kazakhstan): I thank Chile The Astana Economic Forum that Kazakhstan for convening this debate. We see how acute economic has been hosting, together with the World Anti-Crisis problems and social injustice fuel discontent, terrorism, Conference, has provided new road maps for economic extremism and radicalism in many parts of the world. stability. Notable among them is the concept of the Therefore, economic and social progress, with inclusive World Anti-Crisis Plan, which the United Nations can development, are the most effective ways to diminish consider and elaborate on. risks and enable long-term stability.

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As the chair of a number of regional organizations — the consider how to encourage the establishment and Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, development of conditions propitious to sustainable the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, the Collective peace, in which economic and social welfare are key Security Treaty Organization, the Shanghai Cooperation elements to which it can contribute. The Council has Organization and the Conference on Interaction and taken steps in that direction and has incorporated Confidence-building Measures in Asia — Kazakhstan some relevant reconstruction tasks in some of the has been trying its utmost to ensure security and keep peacekeeping operation mandates. However, these the region safe from conflicts, transnational crime and practices are still emerging, and there are still sectors terrorism. Our country is now proposing to host the in which we must deepen and strengthen our efforts. United Nations regional hub in Almaty, with a focus As the Secretary-General said, what is needed is more on sustainable development, humanitarian assistance robust support and strengthening the work being and building resilience. We believe that a strong and undertaken with the Peacebuilding Commission, the stable Central Asian region contributes to global peace. other agencies, funds and programmes of the United Valuing the importance of inclusive development, Nations system, international financial institutions and Kazakhstan’s campaign for a non-permanent seat on regional and subregional organizations. the Security Council is focused on human security Furthermore, and as was mentioned several times through reaching nuclear security and food, water and in the course of this debate, a central element is the energy security. participation and empowerment of women in conflict My country will remain fully supportive of the resolution and peacebuilding. Women should be activities of the Security Council and the international part of the discussions and play a principal role in community in seeking solutions for global peace and the implementation of strategies for the prevention security in the context of inclusive development. and resolution of conflicts, inasmuch as the gender dimension is a sine qua non for establishing successful The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the strategies for peace. floor to the representative of Colombia. I believe it is timely to recall the words of the Mr. Ruiz (Colombia) (spoke in Spanish): At the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Colombia, who in an outset, I want to thank the Chilean delegation for its open debate of the Security Council of 2011 said commitment to development issues and for preparing the concept note (S/2015/6, annex) that is guiding our “It is clear that the Council is not the body to make debate. decisions regarding development. Nevertheless, we must not ignore that its decisions have an impact As this is the first time that my delegation addresses on the long-term development of countries and that the Security Council this year, I want to congratulate this is a fundamental component of any sustainable and wish every success to the new non-permanent peace.” Council members: Angola, Malaysia, New Zealand, Spain and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. The Minister went on to say that As we have heard in the Security Council on “it is imperative that the activities of its main organs several occasions, security and development are closely effect real change, make a meaningful contribution interlinked and mutually reinforcing and key to attaining to the well-being of populations and have a genuine sustainable peace. The Council has also recognized impact on the situations that have been on their that that relationship is complex, multifaceted and agendas for decades.” (S/PV.6479, p. 10) case-specific. That is why the Council, in the framework That is why Colombia considers it necessary to of its competencies and in addressing the issues on its continue working with greater collaboration among agenda, has a very distinct role in promoting decisions the various components of the United Nations system that significantly contribute to sustainable and inclusive on those issues related to development and security. development in those countries that are immersed in a The aim here is not to turn the Security Council conflict or emerging from conflict it. into a development agency. Rather, what it can do It is clear that, in and of themselves, purely military is collaborate and draw on specialized experience or security strategies are not enough to address the and knowledge, and develop synergies with other current conflict situations. The Security Council must components of the system tasked with addressing

15-01584 49/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 development. A clear and appropriate division of work Hungary recognizes the power, unique skills and is indispensable to achieve the best results and use role of women in peace and development. Empowering resources efficiently. The Council could make full use women by investing in their education, providing of its working methods to benefit from the value added them with economic opportunities, strengthening offered by United Nations agencies and work with them their leadership capacities and engaging them in to achieve lasting solutions to these conflicts. decision-making are in each society’s best interest. That is especially relevant in places where peace had In conclusion, allow me to highlight two key broken down and conflict has shifted focus away concepts in the relations between development and from cooperation towards division and hatred. We security and the role of the Security Council. also commend the Secretary-General for choosing the National ownership is a fundamental principle that empowerment of women and children as one of his should be continued, strengthened and supported by the priorities for 2015. Security Council, recognizing that the State concerned Gender equality is an important public issue in is the main stakeholder and under whose leadership Hungary and is reflected in policy decisions. We also the priorities, programmes and integrated strategies to support draft sustainable development goal 5, on gender resolve conflicts and promote development should be equality. In the framework of gender equality, aspects established. related to the family as a whole and to its members need Secondly, creating and strengthening national to be duly considered. We strongly support development capacities and institutions is a priority issue. efforts that are aimed at strengthening and protecting Encouraging inclusive development in conflict-affected the vulnerable by creating policies in particular in the countries requires knowledge, capacity and national areas of work, social security, social protection, dignity institutional structures that make it possible to achieve and integrity, education and public security. The 20- the legitimate aspirations of the population. year review of the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action provides another The Security Council possesses considerable opportunity to highlight these issues. potential for development in the framework of its mandate and to contribute to that goal. In our corner of the world, and in Hungary in particular, one of the most serious impediments to The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the inclusive development is the situation of vulnerable floor to the representative of Hungary. groups living in poverty, including the Roma Mr. Hetesey (Hungary): I wish to thank Chile for population. In order to overcome that challenge, the convening this timely open debate. I also wish to thank Hungarian National Social Inclusion Strategy sets Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, Ambassador Patriota forth a comprehensive approach with projects in the of Brazil and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Ms. Leymah areas of child welfare, education, employment, health Gbowee for their informative briefings this morning. care, housing and the fight against discrimination. As part of those efforts, Hungary supports the education Hungary, as co-Chair of the Open Working of Roma children through a scholarship programme, Group on Sustainable Development Goals, worked promotes entrepreneurship and job opportunities with Member States to ensure that draft goal 16 of for Roma women through microcredit projects and the outcome document explicitly recongizes the link skills development and supports the access of Roma among peace, inclusion, sustainable development, families to improved housing. We have also established justice and accountability. Based on those joint efforts, mechanisms to ensure the effective participation of Member States agreed by consensus that the rule of minorities, including the Roma, at various levels of law, equal access to justice, effective, accountable political decision-making, from the local government and transparent institutions, as well as responsive, level to Parliament. inclusive and representative decision-making at all levels are equally necessary for establishing peaceful Hungary strongly condemns all forms of and inclusive societies. discrimination and exclusion based on race, ethnicity, religion or any other status. For example, Hungary fully supports the statement of the the Hungarian Government has announced a zero- European Union. Building on that, allow me to add tolerance policy against anti-Semitism. Across the some remarks on some special challenges.

50/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 world, crimes committed against religious and ethnic It is true that there are fewer conflicts, less violence minorities or other vulnerable groups demonstrate and greater peace in democratic countries and regions where radicalization and hatred can lead us. It also where the rule of law is a firm basis of society and all helps us realize that the only way to achieve and people fully enjoy human rights. Also, average poverty preserve peace within and among societies is through rates are significantly lower in those countries. It is also dialogue, tolerance and respect for cultural diversity. true that violent conflict has been the largest obstacle In that context, we actively promote interreligious to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. and intercultural dialogue and cooperation. We will I would like to stress the importance of conflict continue to make every effort to build bridges among prevention. As today’s world illustrates, it is very various faiths, cultures and traditions. hard to end ongoing crises, which often even turn Lastly, Hungary is of the view that education is one into armed conflicts. However, it is easier and less of the most powerful weapons against discrimination costly in every sense to prevent violent conflicts from and inequality. We believe that the realization of the escalating. Good governance, respect for human rights right to education is the cornerstone of lasting peace, and economic development are the best prevention for since ignorance, misunderstanding, the erosion of violent conflicts. culture and the loss of cultural identities are often the As outlined in the concept note (S/2015/6, annex) by starting points for fanaticism. the Chair of the Peacebuilding Commission, inclusion, Education has an important role both in preventing be it national, territorial, social, gender, tribal or conflicts and in post-conflict peacebuilding. For that cultural — and thereby also inclusive development — are reason, Hungary welcomes a strong, stand-alone the most relevant factors for preserving peace and sustainable development goal on inclusive education, security and preventing conflicts. Inclusion means that which includes a target on the promotion of a culture no-one should be discriminated against on any basis. As of peace, nonviolence and appreciation for cultural stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, diversity. “It is essential, if man is not to be compelled to The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against floor to the representative of Estonia. tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law” (General Assembly Mr. Kolga (Estonia): First of all, I would like to resolution 217 (III) A, preamble). thank you, Mr. President, for convening this meeting on this important topic. By the same token, I would like That leads me to the second point — the need to thank the Secretary-General, Ambassador Patriota to actively shape inclusive societies as guarantees and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Leymah Gbowee for for peace and security, namely through the rule of the statements they made today. Let me also welcome law, if necessary, by designing particular policies the adoption of presidential statement S/PRST/2015/3 and programmes that advance the inclusiveness of earlier today. all. Strong adherence to the rule of law encourages sustainable development, as progress is best guaranteed I have the honour to deliver this statement on by good governance, transparency in decision-making behalf of Estonia and Latvia. Our two countries align processes and the minimization of corruption. Effective themselves with the statement delivered earlier by the and accountable institutions are powerful enablers of observer of the European Union. inclusive and sustainable development. We welcome the topic of today’s debate, which very The rule of law accords predictability and legitimacy accurately links together the three pillars of the United to the actions of States, forming a fundamental Nations system: peace and security, development and framework for the conduct of relations between them, human rights. There can be no development without which, on its own, helps to prevent conflicts among peace and security, and clearly there can be no lasting States. The rule of law is also a tool to improve the peace and security without respect for human rights. fundamental human right of access to justice, which Furthermore, development is not true development is inherently linked to the promotion of a culture of without the realization of human rights. accountability over impunity.

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In that context, peacebuilding efforts are extremely be addressed comprehensively. Therefore peaceful important, as peacebuilding is about reducing the societies, good governance and the rule of law should risk of relapsing into violence. That risk needs to be have a central place in the post-2015 development reduced by addressing the root causes of violence and agenda. building resilient institutions and peaceful societies. The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the A broad approach to development focusing on justice, floor to the representative of Germany. human rights, inequalities, jobs and inclusive politics will reduce violence and contribute to peacebuilding. Mr. Thoms (Germany): Let me first of all thank Therefore, the Security Council should address the Chilean presidency for organizing today’s debate peacebuilding as early as possible in conflicts or crises. and for choosing such a timely topic for discussion. As to the concept of inclusive societies, I would In 2015, we will celebrate the seventieth anniversary like to stress, among other things, the importance of the establishment of the United Nations and the of involving both halves of humankind, namely by anniversaries of the adoptions of the Beijing Platform including women and girls in the decision-making for Action and resolution 1325 (2000) on women and processes. It is a fact that peace is more sustainable if peace and security, we will review the United Nations women are included at all stages and all times as equal peace operations, and we will of course shape the members of society, be it in time of peace or conflict or post-2015 development agenda. Looking at all of those a period of transition. different processes, it is important to understand the synergies between them and the interdependence of the This year we will mark the fifteenth anniversary three pillars of the United Nations: peace and security, of the adoption of resolution 1325 (2000) and the development and human rights. twentieth anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. Several reviews are under way, Sustainable peace and security can be achieved only including the global study of the resolution on women if societies are inclusive, minorities are respected, the and peace and security and reviews of the peacekeeping rule of law is observed and poverty is effectively tackled. operations and peacebuilding architecture of the Conflict, on the other hand, will undermine social and United Nations. We must ensure that all those reviews economic development, social cohesion and respect and support and complement each other’s aims and that the therefore lead to more and deeper conflict and social recommendations emerging from them are in line with disruption. Inclusive and sustainable development each other, leading us to tangible results in terms of processes that pursue a human rights-based approach gender equality, women’s empowerment and human and are guided by the rule of law are a precondition rights in general. for peace and stability. Development efforts must focus on humans and should especially include the Sustainable peace and development can only be most vulnerable and disadvantaged people and groups: ensured if economic development and social benefits persons with disabilities, indigenous people, religious are closely interlinked with good governance, strong or ethnic minorities and children. Human rights and accountable institutions and the realization of principles, such as non-discrimination, the reduction human rights. Freedom of expression and association of inequality, participation and transparency can and access to independent media, including social contribute to strengthening sustainable development media and the Internet, are integral parts of good processes and thus result in positive development governance and the rule of law. There can be no real outcomes. inclusiveness in societies if restrictions are placed on the realization of those freedoms. Let me provide an example. When we end discrimination against women and include women in Achieving inclusive and sustainable development development processes by protecting and fulfilling their is essential in order to achieve long-term stability and human rights, we are likely to achieve more effective sustainable peace. We must take care of the future of development outcomes. Gender equality is essential the planet and work towards a world in which everyone for stable societies and sustainable development. Both can live a dignified life, free from poverty, violence women and men alike need to shape the destiny of their and exclusion. That cannot be achieved without peace country. Against that backdrop, the empowerment of and stability. Development, human rights and peace women in all sectors is essential. The empowerment and security are inextricably intertwined and need to

52/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 of women in economic life, such as entrepreneurship come a step closer to sustainable peace and security in and professional education, will therefore be one of our world. the areas of focus during Germany’s presidency of the The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the Group of Seven in 2015. floor to the representative of Panama. Sustainable peace and security also require effective Ms. Flores Herrera (Panama) (spoke in Spanish): conflict prevention and peacebuilding. Peacebuilding We wish to begin by congratulating the non-permanent efforts are aimed at preventing societies from relapsing members of the Security Council and wishing them into conflict. The Security Council should be engaged every success in their deliberations. in peacebuilding as early as possible and should make better use of the advisory role of the Peacebuilding My delegation aligns itself with the statement made Commission. We expect the Peacebuilding Commission by the representative of Austria as Chair of the Human to help identify peacebuilding contexts in which a Security Network. concrete need for international assistance arises. In We also welcome the briefings given this morning that regard, closer coordination between the Security by Her Excellency Michelle Bachelet, President of the Council and the Peacebuilding Commission is needed. Republic of Chile; the Secretary-General; the Chair of We should use the review of the United Nations the Peacebuilding Commission; and Nobel Laureate peacebuilding architecture, as well as the review of peace Ms. Leymah Gbowee, all of whom have been inspiring operations, to further develop and strengthen the United today’s debate on this important issue on the agenda of Nations prevention and peacebuilding instruments. We the Security Council. need to look at conflict prevention, peacebuilding and As a consequence of the interdependence of peacekeeping in a holistic manner. This means also today’s world, we are continually affected by global including all stakeholders, especially women. We need threats that know no political borders. Conflicts of to integrate the goals of resolution 1325 (2000), on ethnic and religious origin, international terrorism, women and peace and security, into all peacebuilding extremism, environmental problems, resource scarcity efforts. The existing normative framework already and competition for such resources, organized crime, provides a sound basis for such links. On the fifteenth mafias, pandemics and global militarization pose a anniversary of that landmark resolution, we need to challenge to human security, which is a necessary focus on its global implementation across the board precondition for the social, political and economic and identify gaps and challenges in order to ensure that development of countries. its provisions are included in all prevention measures, peace processes and conflict-resolution efforts. Through the Human Development Reports, we have learned that people require economic, food, health, We applaud the Secretary-General for launching environmental, personal, community and political his “Human Rights Up Front” campaign last year. security if they are to achieve their potential, exercise Increased human rights violations are often a first their freedoms, take advantage of opportunities and thus indication of imminent conflict. The United Nations contribute to the development of their communities. system, including the Security Council, must act more proactively in order to prevent future conflict. We Exclusion in all its forms, be it social, religious, are looking forward to seeing more concrete results ethnic or territorial, is by definition a violation of of the Human Rights Up Front campaign and remain human rights and therefore lies at the root of conflicts committed to its goals. throughout the world. The problem is not conflict per se; the problem is that when it becomes violent, The most effective tools for ensuring peace and it results in the loss of human lives and in insecurity. stability and preventing conflicts are always respect Peace and security are fundamental to dignity and for human rights, the rule of law in inclusive societies, human development; however, insecurity and conflict and economic and social development. In its capacity always pose a threat to the sustainable development of as Chair of the Human Rights Council and beyond, peoples and cultures. Therefore inclusive development Germany will continue to support these essential is a key factor in preventing violence and in the process elements in the post-2015 development agenda. Only if of building and consolidating peace. we achieve this will we create peaceful societies and

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Today we are seeing the start of the intergovernmental Finally, the Republic of Panama welcomes the process on the post-2015 development agenda. We adoption of the presidential statement submitted by cannot speak of inclusive development — our main Chile (S/PRST/2015/3), which focuses on the existing challenge in this new phase — without the assistance of interlinkage between inclusive development and the agents of chance: persons and all citizens. maintenance of international peace and security, which are fundamental pillars of this Organization. As the Secretary-General rightly stated in paragraph 28 of his report contained in document S/2014/694, The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the floor to the representative of Canada. “Where peacebuilding efforts are rooted in inclusive societal consultation and efforts to Mr. Rishchynski (Canada) (spoke in Spanish): I minimize exclusionary practices, they generate wish to thank you, Mr. President, for this opportunity trust and legitimacy in the State and its institutions.” to take the floor. In the world we live in, which is subject to constant (spoke in English) threats, we deem vital States’ way of addressing and Canada recognizes the importance of inclusiveness promoting the prevention of such threats through in conflict prevention and post-conflict peacebuilding. inclusion, social cohesion and dialogue, as we seek Of importance to Canada’s international efforts in this to build resilient societies, one of the pillars of regard is the promotion of religious freedom and the responsibility to protect. A cohesive and integrated participation of women. society is better equipped to prevent conflicts and violence. Canada considers it of the utmost importance that all individuals are able to practice their faith in In this context, we believe that in this year that is is safety and security. We know that societies that protect so critical in terms of the development agenda, we must religious freedom are more likely to protect all other have exactly this kind of inter-organ debate at the United fundamental freedoms and are typically more stable Nations, without, of course, creating a precedent that and prosperous societies. Canada itself is a country of could undermine the mandate of any organ, but, rather, many ethnicities and religions, sharing one common laying the groundwork for a free-flowing exchange of humanity, one of tolerance, acceptance and peace. ideas and best practices, so that each body can enhance its mandate. It is important to realize that not only Lasting peace and stability requires the full are these issues interrelated, but also that in the past participation of all of its citizens, especially with some may have eclipsed others. For example, how do religious groups. As demonstrated visibly by conflicts we explain to our children that today we are spending across parts of the Middle East and Africa, there can more on weapons than on development and that we are be no peace or security in regions where there is no investing more in wars than in social inclusion projects? religious pluralism or dialogue, trust and stability between the religious communities themselves. We are challenged as Member States by the seventieth anniversary of the United Nations to think (spoke in French) outside the box and to think creatively, so as to devise Canada firmly believes that the full participation innovative ways of addressing this issue. In that of women and girls in all aspects of the social, political connection, as we are also celebrating the twentieth and economic lives of their communities and countries anniversary of the World Conference on Women, we is a prerequisite to the attainment of sustainable peace, invite the Security Council to ensure greater leadership prosperity and development. A community or country and participation by women and gender-related training cannot develop if half of its population is not allowed to in peacekeeping missions. fully contribute. Panama will soon host a historic Summit of the That is why Canada calls for the elimination of the Americas entitled “Prosperity with equity,” where one legal and social barriers to the empowerment of women of the main issues will be that of security. We hope and girls. Child, early and forced marriage, a permissive to contribute through a transformative push towards attitude towards violence against women and girls, and regional commitment, with a view to achieving a more discrimination against women and girls, including with inclusive development in this region of peace.

54/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 respect to access to education, health services, justice The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the and economic resources, are simply unacceptable. floor to the representative of Slovakia. The role of women and girls is particularly Mr. Ružička (Slovakia): Mr. President, allow me to important in times of crisis. In crisis situations, women use this occasion to congratulate you on your excellent and girls are usually agents of stability and resilience work and to wish you success in your future endeavours. for their families and communities and important voices Let me also congratulate you and your country on for moderation and peace. Yet, as we see all too often, a successful presidency of this eminent body. We and most recently in the areas affected by the terrorist appreciate the initiative taken to organize this debate group known as the Islamic State, in crises women and on inclusive development for peace and development, girls are often subjected to terrible abuse, specifically and for the comprehensive and inclusive presidential rape as a weapon war. statement S/PRST/2015/3, which is in line with a principle Slovakia very strongly and firmly adheres (spoke in English) to. I would also like to thank Secretary-General Ban Inclusive development is especially relevant to Ki-moon; the Chair of the Peacebuilding Commission peacebuilding efforts. As Chair of the Sierra Leone and Permanent Representative of Brazil, Ambassador configuration of the Peacebuilding Commission Antonio de Aguiar Patriota; and Nobel Peace Prize (PBC), Canada supports the Government of Sierra Laureate Ms. Leymah Gbowee for their briefings. Leone and will continue to work with it to ensure that Slovakia aligns itself with the statement delivered the necessary attention and resources are available to by Ambassador Thomas Mayr-Harting on behalf of the support national peacebuilding efforts in the country. European Union, but let me also make a few remarks in The 2015 peacebuilding review will be an opportunity my national capacity. to revisit how the PBC can and should change to better advance peacebuilding priorities in conflict- Slovakia firmly supports a complex discussion affected countries. As such, it must be consistent with leading to the establishment of strong links among and complementary to parallel United Nations policy peace, security, development and human rights — the reviews, including the review of peace operations and main pillars on which the work of our Organization the post-2015 development agenda. rests. The comprehensive approach to international security, which takes into account all dimensions of Inclusive development is a key consideration. It is our work, was recently highlighted by the Secretary- also a core principle of the New Deal for Engagement General during his briefing on the priorities for 2015. in Fragile States. For example, the New Deal puts In many United Nations documents, we can read that a premium on supportive and inclusive political the consequences of violence on various dimensions of settlements. Building from that starting point, we sustainable development are significant and long-term, support each of the targets associated with goal 16 and occur on both the macro and individual levels. proposed by the Open Working Group on Sustainable Violence causes death, debilitating injuries, disease, Development Goals to promote peaceful and inclusive distress and displacement, destroys jobs and physical societies, provide access to justice and build effective, and social capital, damages the environment, prevents accountable and inclusive institutions. However, we educational attainment for generations and discourages strongly believe that one of the missing elements in that investment. The number of indirect victims of armed goal is the inclusion of a target for increasing female conflicts is often much larger than the number of direct participation in peace processes. deaths. (spoke in French) Sustainable peace and development therefore cannot In sum, the practice of exclusion is too common, be achieved without considering the needs of everyone: to the detriment of security. Religious communities, children, boys and girls, women, disabled victims of women and girls, local stakeholders, civil society, violence, refugees and displaced persons. All relevant Governments and the international community must stakeholders, including civil society, should participate cooperate fully in striving to understand each other’s at all levels and contribute to the transformation perspectives in order to meaningfully effect inclusive of societies from war to stability, development and development, a concept that is critical to the promotion democratic governance. Just a few days ago, we held of peace and security. the successful Barbershop Conference. I would like to

15-01584 55/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 congratulate Iceland, Sweden and Suriname on their as well as the Secretary-General’s initiative to review splendid initiative. When we discussed full inclusivity the United Nations peacebuilding architecture. We are as a necessary prerequisite to reach sustainable peace, pleased that this review shall be undertaken along with we could not do so without addressing the inclusion the strategic review of United Nations peacekeeping. of women in all post-conflict processes. Often after We look forward to the findings of both panels, in conflicts, they are left solely responsible for supporting particular on how the linkages between both areas can their family. They face disruptions in social systems, also be further strengthened in regard to the issues the food distribution, health care and educational services. Council is discussing. Often they must assume leadership in those areas. In conclusion, let me assure you, Mr. President, Without their participation, the restoration of stability that Slovakia will spare no efforts in contributing to is not possible. the implementation of the commitments contained in The participation of women and full inclusivity are presidential statement S/PRST/2015/3, adopted today. core principles of security sector reform (SSR), which The President (spoke in Spanish): I give now the forms an integral part of that peacebuilding effort floor to the representative of the Islamic Republic of and which Slovakia proudly advocates. Moreover, it Iran. is clearly stated among the United Nations principles of SSR that the United Nations approach to security Mr. Safaei (Islamic Republic of Iran): At the outset, sector reform must be gender-sensitive throughout I would like to convey my delegation’s appreciation to its planning, design, implementation, monitoring and you, Mr. President, for convening this open debate, with evaluation processes. a focus on the crucial linkages among peace, security and development, and for Chile’s skilled leadership of It goes without saying that there is a nexus the Security Council this month and its presentation among peace, security and development. Sustainable of the concept paper before us (S/2015/6, annex). I development is possible only in an environment of would also like to express my delegation’s thanks and peace and security, while peace and security can be appreciation to the briefers. sustained only in an environment where people enjoy development opportunities and have realistic hopes and General Assembly resolution 60/1, the 2005 World avenues to escape poverty. As part of the development Summit Outcome, highlights the important broad- agenda, peace, the rule of law and governance are based consensus that we live in a global, interdependent about ensuring an inclusive approach and building world and that collective security depends on effective institutions that ensure violence reduction, safety, cooperation against transnational threats, in accordance participation, accountability, equitable social service with international law. We urgently need to build delivery and access to justice for all, especially for consensus on major threats and challenges, and we are the poor and most vulnerable. Peace, rule-of-law and committed to translating such consensus into concrete governance issues are all closely interlinked. In all of action, including by addressing their root causes. the aforementioned processes, not a single member of We have acknowledged time and again that society must be excluded. development, peace and security and human rights are The evil of potential conflicts is hidden in interlinked and mutually reinforcing. They form the exclusion. On the other hand, inclusion improves the major pillars of the United Nations system. Each pillar prospects for sustainable peace. In order to highlight should be focused on its specific mandate, but at the the importance of inclusive development for the same time they must all act in harmony and conformity maintenance of international peace and security, we in order to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of would like to encourage Member States to also bring functions of the United Nations as a system. the issues discussed today to the attention of the high- We agree with the concept paper’s emphasis on level meeting of the Group of Friends of Security Sector inclusiveness, but at the same time we believe that Reform to be held on 12 February, organized jointly by such inclusiveness must be established and preserved the co-chairs of the Group, Slovakia and South Africa. at both the national and international levels if we are In regard to secure implementation of peace to overcome injustice and provide equal opportunities agreements, Slovakia fully supports the United Nations for all countries and nations at the national level, as the Peacebuilding Commission and Peacebuilding Fund, international community usually asks for.

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It is an established fact that countries with the must pay greater attention to the nexus between security lowest human-development indicators experience most and development if it is to fulfil its primary mandate of the world’s conflicts. Just as a lack of development of maintaining peace and security in a pragmatic and can feed the flames of conflict, economic and social efficient way. progress can help prevent it and secure peace. Sustained, The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the broad-based development can help address the roots of floor to the representative of Ireland. conflict through such steps as ensuring that wealth is shared equitably, providing better access to agricultural Mr. Mawe (Ireland): Ireland commends you on land, strengthening governance and ensuring justice your initiative in scheduling this debate, Mr. President, for all. Countries and regions facing stark inequalities and we welcome the adoption today of presidential and weak institutions are at an increased risk for statement S/PRST/2015/3. We thank the Secretary- conflict; a lack of sufficient jobs and opportunities, General, Ambassador Patriota of Brazil and Nobel particularly for young people, can also increase the laureate Ms. Leymah Gbowee for their insightful risk of instability. Drug trafficking and international briefings on the topic this morning. Ireland associates organized crime have found fertile ground in places itself with the statements made on behalf of the that lack basic services and economic opportunities. European Union and by the representative of Austria on behalf the Human Security Network. Development based on consensus and consultation is perhaps the most effective route to diminishing risks In its Preamble, the Charter of the United Nations of conflict and enabling sustained peace and stability. defines the purpose of our Organization as saving Development is a central goal in itself, and sustainable succeeding generations from the scourge of war. With development in its economic, social and environmental the United Nations and its humanitarian partners aspects should be considered a key element in the responding to four severe, large-scale humanitarian overarching framework of activity on the part of the crises in Iraq, South Sudan, the Central African international community and the United Nations. Republic and Syria — all of them the result of conflict, Without security there can be no development and and with the highest number of refugees, asylum- without development there can be no security. seekers and internally displaced persons on the planet since the end of the Second World War — the most It is a mistake to look at conflict, unrest and charitable verdict is that our collective record in this tension in a fragmented way. If we fail to address them respect has been mixed. While each of the conflicts has comprehensively, connecting the political, security and unique features, reflecting the diversity and complexity development challenges, we must be ready to face tragic of each country, there is one common feature. Each situations. Political commitment and determination are has tensions at its core that are the result of sectarian, essential to sustained economic growth, sustainable ethnic, socioeconomic or ideological differences. Time development and the eradication of poverty and and again we see how conflict erupts where people hunger, frustration, hopelessness and helplessness, are excluded, marginalized and denied meaningful the major causes of insecurity and instability around participation in the political, economic and social life the world. In order to promote international peace and of their countries. We need a better approach to counter security, the international community should commit this. to advancing human welfare, freedom and progress everywhere and for all. That endeavour should be With the adoption in August of resolution supported by encouraging tolerance, respect, dialogue 2171 (2014), the Security Council recognized the and cooperation among different cultures, civilizations interconnectedness of the three pillars of the United and peoples. Nations system and the need to comprehensively address the underlying causes of conflict. Peace and Peace is another name for development. They security, development and human rights cannot be are interlinked and mutually reinforcing. Security is siloed in the United Nations system when we know a prerequisite for development, and development is how interdependent they are in reality. In taking this possible only in a peaceful and stable environment. forward, there are of course limitations on the level of Development is a guarantee of security. Sustainable engagement that is possible for the Security Council peace is possible only by maintaining the momentum of and the degree of welcome there would be on the part of development. The Security Council, within its mandate, Member States. However, the Council does have a clear

15-01584 57/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 responsibility to prevent situations from developing Women are often powerful and capable actors in into full-blown crises and must do more to enhance its their communities, and the knowledge, information preventive capacities. and insight provided by women’s groups can be valuable in detecting and understanding tensions. Let me touch on three key aspects that are We welcome the increasing attention to supporting central to the theme of today’s debate. The first is women’s participation and leadership in peace-related, institution-building. When it comes to ensuring lasting political, development and economic decision-making peace, the links between political settlements and the at the international level, but we must do more to possession of strong and trusted State institutions are create opportunities, particularly for women and other well understood. We know that 90 per cent of all civil marginalized groups, at regional, national and local wars in the past 15 years have occurred in countries levels. In order to set out a transformative agenda on that had also experienced a civil war in the previous women, peace and security for the years ahead, we must 30 years. The crises in the Central African Republic fully grasp the opportunities that the high-level review and South Sudan are painful reminders of the fragility and global study of resolution 1325 (2000) present. On of peace and the need to promote effective transitions Wednesday, Ireland launched its second national action from conflict and fragility to peaceful and resilient plan on the resolution, aimed at strengthening women’s States and societies. leadership and participation in decision-making in Ensuring strong institutions requires national conflict and post-conflict situations and ensuring that ownership, leadership and political will. On the island a gender perspective is incorporated into all aspects of Ireland, we have experienced this at first hand. In of Ireland’s foreign-policy engagement, through a 1998, a comprehensive political framework for the whole-of-Government approach. settlement of the Northern Ireland situation, the so- The third aspect I want to highlight today is the called Good Friday Agreement, was agreed on in a correlation between severe human-rights violations negotiation process that involved not just the Irish and and threats to international peace and security. The British Governments but the political representatives Secretary-General’s Rights Up Front action plan of all of Northern Ireland’s communities. It was a portrays with great clarity what is at stake in situations watershed moment, in that it set out a road map for of massive violations of human rights. With its key new political institutions and structures based on an mechanisms of the regional quarterly review and a approach of inclusion and trust. The example of South Senior Action Group now established, we encourage Africa, where the political opening in 1994 created a the United Nations system to build on those efforts to environment conducive to enabling a new national ensure swift and timely responses to early-warning identity to take shape, is also noteworthy. signs of conflict. The establishment of a new and comprehensive As has already been said many times today, 2015 is post-2015 development framework is also of vital a crucial year for the United Nations system. In shaping importance. Including goals and targets on peace in the a more effective and impactful United Nations, we framework presents an opportunity to enable peaceful must seize the opportunities presented by the post-2015 and inclusive societies to be built and to address the development framework, the reviews of United Nations dynamics of conflict, violence, exclusion and instability. peace operations and peacebuilding architecture, and The second aspect I would like to mention is the high-level review of resolution 1325 (2000). inclusivity, and the critical role that women play in those Ireland joins many others here today in calling efforts is another crucial aspect to sustaining peace. As for positive synergies with these initiatives and looks Ireland’s former President Mary Robinson put it, forward to actively contributing to them. “Women’s participation in the prevention The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the and resolution of conflicts is critical to floor to the representative of Slovenia. building sustainable peace because no society can develop — economically, politically or Mr. Logar (Slovenia): Allow me to start by socially — when half of its population is thanking Chile for its initiative to convene this meeting marginalized.” at a time when the United Nations will undertake several important review processes and as we negotiate

58/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 the post-2015 development agenda. I also express is therefore important not only for the prevention my great appreciation to Secretary-General Ban of conflicts, but also for durable peace and inclusive Ki-moon; the Chair of the Peacebuilding Commission, sustainable development. Ambassador Antonio Patriota; and Nobel Peace Prize I wish to point out the importance of gender Laureate Ms. Leymah Gbowee for their comprehensive equality and the empowerment of women for both statements. inclusive development and durable peace and security. Slovenia aligns itself with the statement delivered The equal participation of women in all spheres of life by the observer of the European Union. We would like represents an advantage that will improve the lives of to recall the requirements for sustainable peace and the all, in all areas. notion that the best way to prevent conflicts remains Recovery and development in post-conflict areas supporting democratic governance, respect for human are directly related to the issue of landmines and rights and economic development. I also wish to say that explosive remnants of war, which hinder post-conflict Slovenia aligns itself with the statement delivered by rehabilitation and reconstruction. This human security the representative of Austria on behalf of the members approach improves the daily lives of people, their well- of the Human Security Network. I would like to make being, personal security and environment. Addressing some additional remarks in my national capacity. these issues also contributes to arms reduction. The The interconnectedness of peace, good governance, Slovenia-based ITF Enhancing Human Security has the rule of law and sustainable development is not a broad and longstanding experience in managing new subject. Addressing all of these issues may not fall projects clearing landmines and explosive remnants fully under the responsibility of Security Council, but of war, assisting mine victims and providing capacity- the results of failing to address them can be seen across building. the agenda of the Council. We believe that a strong Resolving conflicts and addressing their root focus must be placed on addressing the socioeconomic causes and their possible spillover effects into other inequalities that are major drivers of conflicts and geographical areas will remain among the main organized crime, generally rising from and nourishing challenges to international peace and security over political exclusion, human rights violations, injustice the coming year. Conflict prevention is at the core and a culture of violence. These are all universal of Slovenia’s foreign policy priorities and we pay challenges that require joint action. particular attention to the use of mediation as part of a In order to effectively address key drivers of larger toolbox for preventing and resolving conflicts and conflict, we also need strong institutions, especially achieving sustainable peace. In this context, we believe in fragile States, and enhanced mutual trust through that no effort should be spared to strengthen conflict cooperation and dialogue. These are fundamental for prevention and the peaceful resolution of disputes, realizing freedom from fear and violence, freedom from including by enhancing United Nations mediation want and the freedom to live in dignity. Another key efforts and further promoting the use of mediation and capacity-building at the national, regional and component of maintaining durable peace and achieving international levels. sustainable development is the rule of law. Justice and reconciliation must be among the main focuses and In conclusion, the United Nations must remain the realizing these things by all means necessary, including ultimate comprehensive framework for addressing the through international courts and tribunals, should be a security-development nexus, and must turn challenges common endeavour for all countries. into opportunities. The more inclusive that process becomes, the more balanced and achievable will be the When discussing the interlinkages between goals that we can realize. development and peace and security, the third pillar of United Nations should not be left behind. Human The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the rights violations hinder efforts to achieve peace and floor to the Minister of State in Charge of Cooperation security and the subsequent development of the affected of Rwanda. community, country or region. The international Mr. Gasana (Rwanda): I would like to thank you, community has seen many times that a human rights Sir, for having convened this important open debate situation can provide credible early-warning signs and for the concise concept note shared with us to guide of underlying conflicts. Respect for human rights

15-01584 59/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 our discussions (S/2015/6, annex). The presence of Her bear witness to the importance of inclusiveness in Excellency Ms. Michelle Bachelet, President of Chile, harmonizing the competing interests and priorities of is testament to the importance that Chile attaches to various segments of society, particularly in countries this topic. emerging from conflict. Since this is the first that Rwanda has taken the floor Due to our inclusive political process after the 1994 in the Council this month, I wish to congratulate you, Sir, genocide, Rwanda has experienced steady economic on assuming the presidency of the Security Council this growth and a sharp reduction in poverty and inequality, month. We also express our congratulations to Chad for mainly due to various Government results-oriented its excellent presidency during the month of December interventions, including the performance-based 2014. I also wish to join previous speakers in thanking financing of health services, performance contracts Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, Ambassador Antonio between local authorities and the central Government, Patriota, Chair of the Peacebuilding Commission, and the introduction of universal health insurance, an Nobel Peace Prize laureate Leymah Gbowee for their increased share of Government expenditures in the respective briefings. health sector, the introduction of 12 years of basic education, an intensive family planning campaign and Mr. Barros Melet took the Chair. the promotion of gender quality. As outlined in the concept paper, development However, achieving gender inclusion and the and peace are inseparably connected. Rwanda’s recent participatory involvement of all segments of society history has shown that those two notions have common is not simple, especially where social and ethnic prerequisites to occur and to be viable. The principles divisions are deep-rooted. For us in Rwanda, this has of equity, efficiency, transparency, civic engagement, required focused and strong leadership with a clear security, inclusiveness and good governance all understanding of our history and a vision of where we contribute to the creation of resilient and stable wanted to be. It was simply not an easy task; it was communities. They also promote accountable and not an easy process. We believe that Governments have transparent processes and institutions that are vital for a unique role to play in ensuring inclusiveness and sustainable peace and development. remain critical actors in promoting collaboration with Regarding inclusive development, the subject of various stakeholders in efforts to resolve contentious today’s discussion, Rwanda faced myriad challenges in issues in a constructive manner. the wake of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi. These In a conflict situation, we believe that the peace included the obligation to deal with the immediate process and peace agreements can offer an opportunity aftermath of a devastating genocide, in which one to transform political settlements, including the Rwandan out of every seven had been killed in just 100 early consideration and participation of previously days. There was a need to establish a climate of peace marginalized groups. That is why all stakeholders in and security for all, to build governance structures the peace process, including the Security Council and and to promote economic and social developmen. This the Secretary-General through his good offices, should process started in an extremely difficult environment ensure that those processes are inclusive and that and required all Rwandans to make considerable they incorporate broad sectors of society at varying sacrifices to achieve successful and inclusive post- levels of negotiation. That will allow for the greater conflict recovery. likelihood of long-term peace and stability, which is From that experience, we have learned how the foundation of sustainable development. The lack inclusive decision-making has not only strengthened of such competence would expose the whole process to our governance structures, but also been essential in greater risk of relapsing into conflict, as was the case furthering reconciliation and promoting opportunities in Iraq and Libya. for positive change towards peace. In addition, the In countries emerging from conflict, the role of inclusion of all previously marginalized groups, such the international community is critical in ensuring as women and young people, has been a cornerstone inclusivity. National Governments often require in our strategy to build consensus and reconciliation, substantive support in strengthening their technical which led Rwandans to a common and shared vision and institutional capacities to address the challenge of a prosperous and peaceful country. We therefore of security and protection as well as to practice

60/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 participative and accountable governance in support of to prevent a relapse into conflict. But do we have the conflict prevention. In that regard, the Peacebuilding time, will and resources to address today’s challenges Commission is well placed to offer such support. We while sustaining our interest in post-conflict countries? hope that the upcoming review of the peacebuilding Does the current peacebuilding architecture provide architecture will identify and disseminate best practices a realistic and feasible response to conflict and post- and models for inclusive development. Rwanda, of conflict situations? Are exit strategies well tuned course, stands ready to work with other Member States to prevent the recurrence of conflict? Those are all in sharing its experience. questions the review processes should address. Allow me to quote our President Paul Kagame, One tool involves fostering coordination between speaking at the sixty-seventh session of the General different conflict-response tools. There is a need to Assembly in 25 September 2012: build increased synergies among the Peacebuilding Commission, the Peacebuilding Support Office, the “When we see leaders work with the people in an Peacebuilding Fund, the Security Council, the general inclusive manner; when development can proceed United Nations membership, regional and subregional unhindered by conflict; when regional groupings organizations and international agencies. We should take greater responsibility in tackling their own build strong partnerships with civil society and the issues; and when international cooperation takes private sector. That way, the United Nations system can place in a spirit of true partnership, I believe better respond to security and development challenges that the results will speak for themselves” in a cost-effective and sustainable manner. (A/67/PV.7, p. 2). Capacity-building, which lies at the heart of With that said, Rwanda stands ready to work with other establishing peace, does not mean merely building Member States in sharing its very humble experience. institutions and enacting laws; it also means fostering The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the a culture of democracy and development, in the spirit floor to the representative of Turkey. of national ownership, as the path to viable peace. Encouraging policies that lead to increased participation, Mr. Eler (Turkey): Today, while the number inclusiveness and the economic empowerment of all and intensity of violent conflicts and asymmetrical segments of society — including women, children, threats around the globe is on the rise, budgetary and young people, older persons, minority groups and administrative constraints, coupled with increased migrants — in peace and development processes is key. divisions within the Council and the United Nations, We have a shared responsibility to embark on a path impede the effectiveness of our response capabilities. to inclusive and shared prosperity in a peaceful and Civilians are losing their lives on a daily basis resilient world where human rights and the rule of law in conflicts. Peacekeepers are operating in grave are upheld and no one is left behind. danger, as exemplified by the latest attack on United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Inclusivity breeds resilient societies. Sustainable Mission in Mali on Saturday. These are combined peace requires national dynamics that foster resilience. with the challenges of globalization, epidemics, I would like to touch upon the importance of promoting terrorism, cybercrime and beyond. Rising xenophobia, tolerance and respect, while combating discrimination discrimination, attacks on migrants, and intolerance against various religious and ethnic groups, minorities risk threatening the very nature of peaceful societies. and migrants in societies. Fostering the feeling that all segments of society are included in all political In those grave circumstances, a soul-searching processes and economic development, enjoy their rights on our approach to international peace and security is and are respected is a crucial step towards combating critical. In that respect, the various review processes radicalization. this year on peace operations, peacebuilding and gender are very timely. We know that lasting peace The priorities stated in the synthesis report of and stability require addressing the root causes of the Secretary-General entitled “The road to dignity problems. We know that our response should be by 2030: ending poverty, transforming all lives and comprehensive and multidimensional to address the protecting the planet” (A/69/700) — dignity, people, interconnected nature of current global threats and justice, partnership and prosperity — should guide our

15-01584 61/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 peace and development work ahead. There is need for difficult to maintain peace and security in States and a serious international debate about these matters to communities. narrow the gaps between diverging views on issues such I also note that today’s discussion takes on added as stigmatization, stereotyping, intolerance, racism, value given that it is happening concurrently with discrimination and the freedoms of expression, religion other important events. First, there is the launching and belief. The Alliance of Civilizations, launched of the review of the United Nations peacebuilding by Turkey and Spain, provides a vital framework to architecture and the assessment of peacekeeping overcome the artificial divides and build bridges across operations and special political missions by the High- cultures and religions. level Independent Panel on Peace Operations, both of A final issue is the importance of mediation. which are among the most important tools of the United Mediation is not only a tool to bring warring parties Nations in maintaining peace and security, including in to the table and sign peace agreements. Mediation countries emerging from conflict and in preventing the has to do with fostering a culture of compromise, recurrence of violence. understanding and inclusivity. Building the mediation This year will also witness the convening of capacities of conflict countries is a cost-effective way three important intergovernmental negotiations, to help them solve their issues through comprehensive the third International Conference on Financing for and inclusive dialogue. Development, to be held in July, the intergovernmental The Group of Friends of Mediation, co-chaired negotiations on the post-2015 development agenda, the by Finland and Turkey, strives to increase the role of first meeting of which was held today, and, finally, the mediation in the United Nations system, including twenty-first session of the Conference of the Parties promoting the proper funding of mediation activities to the United Nations Framework Convention on and supporting national mediation capacities. Increased Climate Change, which will address agreement on an interaction with regional and subregional organizations international decision by December. Those three events in the area of mediation is another tool to foster form the framework of international cooperation in the inclusivity at all stages of the conflict cycle. coming 15 years; they will build on prior achievements, including the Millennium Development Goals, and In conclusion, I would like to mention the adopt a totally new agenda on sustainable development. importance of building synergies between the post- 2015 development agenda and peacebuilding. An The high cost of conflict — including material inclusive development agenda focused on combating and resource losses and losses of human life, waves discrimination and fostering empowerment for all of refugees and displaced persons and the generation segments of society, in a spirit of national ownership, of heinous humanitarian situations — must prompt us will inevitably help to tackle the challenges faced by to adopt a new form of preventive diplomacy aimed at the United Nations peacebuilding architecture today. addressing the root causes of conflict and preventing We support all efforts to that end. its emergence in the first place. Such efforts must be based on prevention. The most important pillars in that The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the regard are promoting inclusive development on behalf floor to the representative of Egypt. of all of society, fostering the principles of democracy Mr. Aboulatta (Egypt) (spoke in Arabic): Allow and the rule of law and eliminating poverty and me first to express our sincere thanks to President marginalization, which are also among the root causes Michelle Bachelet Jeria of Chile for presiding over of many conflicts. Allow me to address some points in today’s Security Council meeting. We also express that context. appreciation for the initiative to hold this important First, in accordance with international instruments, meeting on inclusive development for the maintenance as well as Security Council resolutions, including of international peace and security. Without any resolution 2171 (2014), States have the primary doubt, a close correlation exists between the pillars responsibility for preventing conflicts and protecting of development and of peace and security. So long as civilians. Egypt therefore underscores the need to conflicts continue to pose major obstacles and there is respect national priorities as identified by national no genuine, comprehensive development, it will be very authorities and according to considerations of national

62/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 sovereignty, with the participation of political parties That programme is African-owned and aligned with and civilian society in drafting national strategies aimed strategies designed in Africa. at achieving comprehensive development and building We must establish the foundation for a new and peace, in order to guarantee national ownership of the more just world economic order, as well as reform strategies in a manner conducive to ensuring social the governance structures of the system to allow stability and peace. developing countries to draft economic policies. That Secondly, peace and sustainable development must lead to achieving higher growth rates, increasing cannot be achieved without the participation of productivity, using modern technology and creating all sectors of society, particularly women and a balance between the use of natural resources and youth, not only in maintaining peace but also in the requirements of sustainable development while institution-building, political transformation processes preserving the environment. Those are all issues and the implementation of development strategies. that must be discussed while drafting the post-2015 In that context, I would emphasize the importance of development agenda. progress in the implementation of Security Council The close correlation between the three pillars resolutions, particularly resolution 1325 (2000). of the United Nations system — peace and security, Thirdly, the discussion on building inclusive development and human rights — cannot be ignored. societies would not be complete without discussing Given that each has its own specificities, they must be issues pertaining to immigrants, in particular youth, addressed individually. Furthermore, it is important and the need for programmes and strategies to assist to avoid burdening the Security Council with tasks them in areas including providing education, work and lying outside its mandate according to the Charter of training, so as to ensure their full integration within the United Nations. We would not like to end up with the social, cultural and economic fabric. That would a Council that interferes with or affects the rules or enable them not only to positively contribute to the mandates of other bodies. We hope that the Council’s development of society, but also in becoming channels initiative will not serve as a precedent leading to the for communicating with their societies of origin. weakening of other international organizations. Fourthly, inclusive and comprehensive development The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the is not only necessary in achieving stability and floor to the representative of Somalia. preventing the recurrence of violence, but it is also Mr. Kullane (Somalia): I would like to take this important in addressing cross-boundary security opportunity to congratulate the delegation of Chile threats, which are considered to be among the major for taking the initiative to organize this debate on challenges to international peace and security. In that the maintenance of international peace and security, regard, I would like to point out the fact that poverty, focusing on inclusive development. I also wish to thank marginalization and a lack of education and work Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and this morning’s opportunities, particularly among youth, as well as briefers: the Chair of the Peacebuilding Commission, ongoing foreign occupation, widespread racism and Ambassador Antonio de Aguiar Patriota of Brazil, the activities of organized crime figures, are among and Ms. Leymah Gbowee, Nobel Peace Laureate and the major elements contributing to an environment President of the Gbowee Peace Foundation Africa. conducive to extremism and terrorism, from which the world has been suffering, as recently witnessed. We also welcome the adoption of presidential statement S/PRST/2015/3 earlier today. Finally, we cannot fully consider the idea of development without addressing the broader The Government of Somalia is keen to learn and framework, both regionally and internationally. It is to develop all strategies that will foster inclusive therefore important to support regional cooperation and development in Somalia. Our country has entered a development initiatives, including the New Partnership new era of pursuing peace, stability and prosperity for Africa’s Development, which serves as a continental for all Somalis. The Somali Government has built a work programme to promote good governance, foundation and laid down the necessary groundwork, eliminate poverty and achieve development in Africa. not only for stabilizing the nation but also for ensuring

15-01584 63/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 reform. The New Deal Compact for Somalia has been a We strongly welcome the efforts by African leaders significant force for change. and scholars to try to find solutions to Africa’s chronic problems. There are certain issues that need to be The Somali Government’s approach to support considered. First, the rapid change that the continent inclusive politics encompasses three strategic is currently experiencing places Africa in a precarious areas — State-building, constitution-making and position. Whereas population growth and economic preparing the nation for elections — while taking into progress are positive factors, they can increase the consideration and encouraging the involvement of fragility of the continent if policymakers do not handle all groups, especially women, youth and minorities. them properly. Managing the change that the continent The Compact goals have guided the Somali Federal is undergoing is the key to ensuring that Africa does Government, civil society and the international not become fragile and that it continues to grow. community in laying the necessary State-building blocks and developing a legal framework and Youth employment ensures that the millions of governance structures. The Somali Government is young people on the continent contribute to their restoring the provision of health-care services in areas nation’s growth and do not become disenfranchised. In liberated from extremist groups. The Government has that way, a potential problem becomes an advantage. also kick-started education campaigns to open schools This is especially the case for countries with ongoing to reduce the level of illiteracy, thereby enrolling an conflicts, such as Somalia, Nigeria and Libya. additional 78,000 children. In conclusion, over the past decade the Security As discourse on peacebuilding in Africa continues, Council has been of great assistance in Somalia’s it is important for policymakers to consider the plight steady progress towards peace, something that the of women on the continent, where they are a poorly Somali people deeply appreciate. In return, the country represented majority that tends to suffer greatly in is working hard to become a strong member of the times of war. With an understanding of the devastating international community so that it may contribute impact of Africa’s endemic conflicts on women, the positively to global development. As the country moves Security Council adopted resolution 1325 (2000). forward, it still faces numerous challenges, some of Through this resolution, the Security Council, for the which can be solved through inclusive development. first time in history, acknowledged the plight of women Indeed, the Federal Government of Somalia recognizes living in African war zones, as well as the manner in the need for inclusive politics, justice and economic which most peacebuilding and peacekeeping efforts progress if the country is to move forward. Inclusive had excluded them. Another solution that the United development for a country such as Somalia will involve Nations has implemented regarding the exclusion of the implementation of projects on a grass-roots level women is the commissioning of a study that will look so that they can involve average Somali people. In into the implementation of additional resolutions on particular, special focus should be placed on empowering women and security, including resolutions 1820 (2008), women in peacebuilding and State-building processes 1888 (2009), 1960 (2010) and 2122 (2013). With this at all levels. The success of this new strategy would study, the United Nations will understand how well allow Somalia to emerge from the 24-year civil war the resolutions are aiding women in conflict zones and a stronger nation than it had been before the conflict the additional ways in which it can involve them in started. peacebuilding. The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the The African Development Bank has commissioned floor to the representative of Peru. a report — put together by a high-level panel chaired Mr. Meza-Cuadra (Peru) (spoke in Spanish): by President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf — entitled Ending Allow me congratulate you, Mr. President, on your Conflict and Building Peace in Africa: A Call to Action. initiative to convene this open debate, which gives us Youth unemployment and urbanization are reported as an opportunity to consider an issue of great importance: two of the main challenges that Africa will face and inclusive development and the maintenance of that will need to be addressed. Special focus should be international peace and security. In that regard, we placed on empowering women in peacebuilding and welcome the preparation of the concept note (S/2015/6, State-building processes at all levels. annex), which provides us the background information

64/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 for participating in this debate. We also thank the also promoted the theme of social inclusion in the Secreted-General, the Chair of the Peacebuilding framework of the post-2015 agenda. Commission and Nobel Peace laureate Leymah Gbowee Peru believes that combating economic inequality for their briefings. and social exclusion, promoting respect for the rule The Charter of the United Nations puts the of law, ensuring the full and effective enjoyment of tasks of the Organization into three fundamental, all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all interdependent and mutually reinforcing categories: individuals, and safeguarding and promoting cultural ensuring international peace and security; achieving diversity contribute to stability and social cohesion, development, which we now understand as sustainable which in turn promotes a climate of peace. This holistic development; and promoting and protecting human view is reflected in the multidimensional mandates of rights. many of the peacekeeping operations established by the Council. The work aimed at developing and restoring Many of today’s armed conflicts have deep- the rule of law occupies an increasingly important rooted structural causes, which in some cases have role in the mandate of those missions and promotes been developing over a long period of time. There is the missions’ working together with United Nations consensus among the international community on agencies directly involved in development work. the urgent need to address the deep-seated causes of conflicts, including exclusion or discrimination on any The United Nations also supports the work of grounds, which generates instability and can therefore inclusive development and social inclusion during the become a factor for confrontation and violence. peacebuilding process in post-conflict situations in order to break once and for all the cycle of conflict In these times of increasing demands for political by directly attacking its root causes. In that regard, I and economic participation by groups that have been would stress the role of the Peacebuilding Commission historically excluded in different societies, there is in providing support to States that have suffered an urgent need to implement social and economic from conflict, while always bearing in mind the inclusion policies to reduce inequalities and disparities interdependence of security, inclusive development and that generate dissatisfaction, as well as to create respect for human rights. the conditions for inclusive development with equal opportunities. This is particularly important in societies In conclusion, I would like to emphasize Peru’s that are ethnically and culturally diverse, where there is commitment to building inclusive societies, not only a greater risk of discrimination and exclusion. Cultural domestically, but also at the international level. My diversity at the national and international levels require country will remain an active partner in building an governance structures that are based on recognizing international community that promotes equitable our differences and the value of those differences. On participation without any discrimination among the basis of that recognition, intercultural dialogue, all States and in which international relations are inclusive development and strengthening social based on respect for national sovereignty, good faith, cohesion become possible. international cooperation, respect for the rule of law at the international level and the peaceful settlement Given this scenario, social inclusion policies make of disputes. The existence of an inclusive international it possible to build stable, fair and peaceful societies, community will be the best guarantee for maintaining help to promote the enjoyment of and respect for peace and security. human rights, empower people by enabling their active participation in the political, social and cultural life of The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the their country and, above all, they guarantee peace. floor to the representative of Indonesia. Peru is committed to building inclusive societies. Mr. Anshor (Indonesia): My delegation wishes That is why my country promoted and facilitated General to join previous speakers in commending the Chilean Assembly resolution 66/122, entitled “Promoting social presidency for organizing this important debate. We integration through social inclusion”, which calls upon also wish also to thank the Secretary-General, the States to promote sustainable, inclusive and equitable Chair of the Peacebuilding Commission, and the development, and to implement social inclusion President of the Gbowee Peace Foundation Africa for policies to combat inequality in our societies. We have their respective briefings.

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The interlinkages between inclusive development at least give consideration to inclusive development and security are evident in the work of the United programmes carried out by United Nations agencies Nations. It is widely recognized that peace, security and relevant organizations in the framework of conflict and development are interconnected; indeed, the prevention. 2005 World Summit Outcome (resolution 60/1) Secondly, the Security Council should align its work underlined that security, development, and respect for with the overall endeavour of United Nations system human rights and the rule of law are interlinked and entities to develop common peace and prosperity, mutually reinforcing. We therefore cannot overstate beyond its engagement within the framework of the the importance of taking into consideration inclusive Peacebuilding Commission. The Council should be part development perspectives to the work of the Council in of collective efforts to ensure that the United Nations can addressing the challenges relating to the maintenance act as one across the security/development spectrum, of peace and security. and adopt a single approach across the multilateral In our view, inclusive development refers to system. Coherence is key to the overall effectiveness development that observes democratic principles, of the Organization. In this regard, we therefore believe respect for human rights and the imperative of that the Council should engage with and contribute equal opportunity and participation, as well as to the ongoing process in the United Nations through non-discrimination. It also recognizes the important the General Assembly and the Economic and Social role of women in all fields. As a country with a Council, along with its relevant subsidiary agencies, to multiplicity of cultures, religions, ethnicities and establish a global framework to implement an inclusive languages, Indonesia strongly upholds the values of and comprehensive sustainable development agenda. diversity, inclusion, tolerance and harmony. Equitable Thirdly, the Security Council should, within its development, coupled with the locally and nationally mandate, put the interlinkages between inclusive owned peaceful settlement of disputes, has been among development and peace and security into operation in the major reasons behind Indonesia’s stability and the field. The Council should make effective use of progress. the relevant work, practices and doctrines developed Today’s debate on the nexus between inclusive within the Economic and Social Council and the development and peace and security in the context of General Assembly, as well as the lessons learned from the responsibilities in situations within the purview of the evolving work of the Peacebuilding Commission. the Security Council provides a valuable opportunity All United Nations presences in countries where there is both a United Nations country team and a to explore ways to mainstream inclusive development multidimensional peacekeeping operation or political perspectives into the broad spectrum of the Council’s mission should develop an integrated strategic mandate and functions relating to peacemaking, framework to guide their work in promoting peace peacekeeping, peacebuilding and preventive diplomacy. consolidation. In our strong view, however, they should I wish to highlight the following four points in that respect and ensure the ownership and leadership of the context. host country in the development process, including in First, the integration of inclusive development identifying priority areas. perspectives into the overall work of the Council would Fourthly, we should invest more in our joint efforts contribute to common efforts to develop a robust and to address the root causes of conflict and instability comprehensive framework of conflict prevention. We in general, as well as in conflict resolution. Inclusive understand that the Council is not the appropriate United development to eliminate poverty, backwardness, Nations organ to deal with the issue of development. injustice and marginalization, along with peaceful However, we cannot disregard the significant impact of conflict prevention, should be the core. While there its decisions on the long-term development of countries, remains no single panacea to cure the variety of which is a fundamental element of any sustainable peace. conflicts unfolding in the world today, it is, however, The Security Council should therefore enhance its extremely important that there be a comprehensive engagement and coordination and form synergies with approach that is well supported and sustained the relevant United Nations agencies and international financially and politically, and fully conforms to the organizations responsible for security and development. principles of justice, fairness and human rights, while Any measures taken by the Council should support or upholding international law.

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In conclusion, Indonesia stands ready to continue strengthening the policy of engagement with the its engagement in further elaborating the role and Georgian regions of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali, South contribution of the Security Council to the promotion Ossetia, and to providing a favourable environment for of inclusive development and conflict prevention. reconciliation and a comprehensive settlement. The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the Engagement through cooperation, which is the floor to the representative of Georgia. State’s strategy with regard to the occupied territories, includes in particular the provision of health-care Mr. Imnadze (Georgia): At the outset, I would like to services to the residents of the occupied territories; the join others in thanking the Chilean presidency for having establishment of advanced mechanisms to receive and brought this very important issue to our attention. I also continue education in the rest of Georgia and abroad; thank Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon; the Chair of the the maintenance of effective instruments, such as Peacebuilding Commission, Ambassador Patriota; and the status-neutral travel document, for exercising the Nobel Peace Prize laureate Leymah Gbowee for their freedom of movement; and support for and facilitation comprehensive briefings, which provided good food for of confidence-building measures and people-to- thought for our discussions. people contact through meetings among professional We fully share the holistic vision of international communities, the training of experts and teachers, study security, as proposed by the Chilean presidency, visits, including to foreign countries, the updating of in which the three pillars of the United Nations archive documents, and the improvement of knowledge system — peace and security, human rights and about cultural heritage areas. development — are closely interlinked. Indeed, the Cooperation, and in certain cases integration main challenges to the legitimacy and stability of processes with international organizations play a nation States and governance of their societies lie in special role in reconciliation and lasting conflict socioeconomic, gender, ethnic, tribal, religious and resolution. In this context, the European Union-Georgia ideological tensions, and addressing those challenges Association Agreement and Association Agenda in a timely manner at the domestic level is paramount represent a special element. Georgia is seeking ways to preventing threats at the international level. to share the benefits and opportunities resulting from The United Nations, as the flagship of the the European Union-Georgia cooperation with the international community, should take a leading role in populations residing in the occupied regions. In this conflict prevention, assisting Member States in dealing way, establishing open and human-centric policy is at with transnational challenges and negative foreign the core of the peacebuilding process. In this context, influences, which represent some of the major factors one of the key directions of the work undertaken by that fuel internal conflicts in many countries that no the Government of Georgia has been to alleviate the single nation could tackle on its own. Promoting stable consequences of the installation of barbed-wire fences societies in which there is no place for radicalization, and other physical barriers by the occupying forces in violence and extremism; promoting universal respect villages adjacent to the occupation line. Addressing the for and compliance with the fundamental norms and needs of the local population on both sides of the divide principles of international law; and strengthening the and improving the living conditions of communities rule of law at the national and international levels could that have been torn apart are important not only from provide a long-term strategic solution to these problems. a purely humanitarian view, but also from the human security and peacebuilding perspectives. As Georgia is a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional nation, inclusive development is especially crucial On the subject of dividing lines and artificial for my country, and my Government is committed barriers, I cannot fail to touch upon another important to doing as much as humanly possible to prevent the aspect, which is the negative foreign influence marginalization of its communities on any grounds, when addressing the challenges to efforts to achieve be they racial, ethnic, social, gender, religious, inclusive development. In today’s world, no single cultural or economic. My country, having over 20 per country can be considered in isolation from others. cent of its territory under illegal foreign occupation, As I mentioned at the beginning of this statement, remains committed to a peaceful, pragmatic, flexible in too many instances transnational challenges and and constructive course of action with a view to negative foreign influences are important factors in

15-01584 67/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 creating domestic tensions, often resulting in dividing marks the seventieth anniversary of the founding of lines such as those witnessed in Georgia and Ukraine. the United Nations and the international community These dividing lines did not appear naturally as the is preparing the post-2015 development agenda. A result of the local socioeconomic situation or cultural holistic approach to addressing peace and security, fabric; rather, they were artifically established through development and human rights issue is particularly outside involvement, such as foreign occupation and the necessary because we live in an increasingly globalized annexation of territories. world characterized by the interdependence of States and societies that influence one another in the political, Last year was especially dreadful for our region. economic and security spheres, among others, thereby Following the annexation of Ukraine’s Crimea, today requiring coherent and coordinated efforts on the part Russia is taking further steps towards the annexation of the international community. of Georgia’s occupied territories of Abkhazia and the Tskhinvali region of South Ossetia. The The achievement of the development goals can be so-called treaties on alliance and strategic partnership achieved only in the framework of stable and peaceful or integration signed with the de facto authorities in societies that respect human rights. Morocco remains Abkhazia and being prepared for signature shortly convinced that the promotion and protection of human with the Tskhinvali region of South Ossetia are clearly rights, the rule of law and sustainable development are directed against Georgia’s sovereignty and territorial closely linked and mutually beneficial. The stability integrity, as they envisage further integration of the development of States and their respect for human occupied regions into the Russian Federation in all rights are indivisible, for without peace there can be spheres. The direst effects of these so-called treaties no development, and that without development lasting will include the reinforcement of the occupation peace remains an elusive, if not impossible goal. line, which will undermine person-to-person contact The active participation of all citizens in their and freedom of movement and, consequenrly, society, the fight against discrimination and inequality, confidence-building between the communities. It and the promotion democratic and legal practices and will also seriously affect the situation of internally rules remain essential elements in achieving sustainable displaced persons and refugees by placing a permanent development. Notably, the enjoyment of human rights, obstacle to the implementation of their right to safe and and in particular the right to development, and to live dignified return. All this will seriously undermine the in peaceful conditions require the empowerment of all efforts aimed at ensuring inclusive development. people through inclusive growth that creates decent Having suffered enough from this plague, and while jobs and social policies that guarantee human dignity to dealing with the negative impacts of foreign occupation, the entire population, shielded from poverty and want. my country firmly believes that the path to a peaceful Unquestionably, countries affected by conflict and secure future will be through good governance achieve the least amount of progress towards achieving and the resilience of inclusive political, economic the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other and legal institutions. Armed conflict, by destroying internationally agreed development goals. Nowadays, the political, social, economic and cultural fabric of most conflicts erupt within States. Exclusion, political societies, seriously undermines development and is or economic marginalization and a lack of effective perhaps its greatest obstacle. In conclusion, therefore, mechanisms that promote and protect human rights are I wish to fully subscribe to the statement contained in factors that favour political instability within States the concept paper to this discussion (S/2015/6, annex) and threaten regional and international peace and and to mention again that Georgia aligns itself with the security. For poor countries and those emerging from statement delivered by the head of the delegation of the conflict, international cooperation remains vital. It is European Union. essential that international cooperation seek to help The Acting President (spoke in Spanish): I now these countries in rebuilding their economies and in give the floor to the representative of Morocco. strengthening their human and institutional capacities in order to address the economic and social causes of Mr. Hilale (Morocco) (spoke in French): I would conflicts. like to thank Chile for organizing this open debate of the Security Council on a topic of great importance Strong national institutions for the promotion and and timeliness, especially given the fact that 2015 protection of human rights are of critical importance to

68/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 complementing development strategies at national and “The world stands at a crossroads today. Either local levels. Development and good governance at the the international community supports developing local level, guaranteeing the adequate participation of countries in their quest to achieve progress and the population, allow us to better target the poor and ensure security and stability, or we shall all face the underprivileged. Local development policies also the consequences of more conflicts and greater promote the better use of resources and accountability. fanaticism, violence and terrorism — all of which Youth unemployment is often cited as a potential risk feed on feelings of injustice and exclusion — and no that may lead to insecurity and instability. Having part of the world will be safe.” (A/69/PV.11, p. 26) a job does not only mean the availability of income, Cooperation and understanding between countries but also implies above all respect for the dignity of at the regional level is therefore a powerful tool the individual, reinforcing social cohesion. For these for combining efforts in order to best respond to reasons, we believe that the creation of jobs and the the challenges of regional development, peace and delivery of effective responses to the needs of young security. Regional cooperation plays a crucial role in people should be the focus of any future development policy coordination, whether at the political, economic, programme. The Kingdom of Morocco also recognizes security or other levels, with the goal of achieving better the need for equal rights and opportunities for women results in terms of economic and social development and and men in political and economic decision-making, shared prosperity, the promotion of peaceful relations and for empowering women in all spheres of society in between countries and the fight against threats to peace order to unleash their potential as agents of change and and security, especially the threat of terrorism. drivers of sustainable development. In conclusion, I would like to reiterate the Today, terrorism is a constant and major threat not importance of a comprehensive and coherent approach only to stability and security within States, but also to to achieving the Organization’s objectives for peace and peace and regional and international security. Morocco security, development and human rights while placing advocates an integrated approach to fighting terrorism, human beings at the heart of its concerns. based on the consistent complementarity of three pillars: strengthened security governance; the fight The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the against poverty, exclusion and social inequality; and the floor to the representative of the Republic of Korea. promotion of the values of religious tolerance. Morocco Mr. Oh Joon (Republic of Korea): I thank you, remains convinced that the security approach, which Mr. President, for organizing today’s debate. I also is an essential element in the fight against terrorism, congratulate you on your assumption of the presidency cannot alone effectively address the rise of extremism, for the month of January. terrorism and obscurantism. It must be reinforced with economic and social inclusion and appropriate religious As we usher in 2015, inclusive development is a and secular education. Regional and international very timely theme for a Security Council open debate. cooperation at all levels is also of crucial importance Conflicts around the world show that peace and security both to effective action against terrorism and to are fragile without an inclusive process in the political, addressing its root causes. Development and human economic and social realms. Indeed, discrimination rights can be successful only if they are supported by and marginalization often provide space for violent international governance that is also equitable, is in the extremism, which is increasingly transboundary in best interests of developing countries and respects their nature. political and economic choices, as long as those choices While serving on the Security Council over the are made in the best interest of their populations and past two years, the Republic of Korea supported the are based on the principles of democracy, the rule of prioritization of inclusivity for peace and prosperity. law and human rights. The outcome was not always rewarding, however. International cooperation and solidarity and the Sometimes, reiterated calls sounded like hollow coordination of States’ efforts are crucial elements words in the face of harsh realities. Sovereignty and for achieving development, peace and security goals territorial integrity were not always properly invoked around the world. In the address delivered on his behalf for their genuine raison d’être. Political considerations to the General Assembly at its sixty-ninth session, His sometimes stood in the way of finding reasonable Majesty King Mohammed VI of Morocco stated that: solutions.

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In countries in conflict, more often than not, Council as a friendly Latin American country and national stakeholders’ priorities do not necessarily would like to recognize the importance of this open overlap with those of the international community. debate convened by your country, Sir. We also welcome Therefore, an important prerequisite is to foster the presence among us of President Michelle Bachelet national unity. If national stakeholders are fragmented to preside over the work of the Council. She is without and even hostile to each other, international support a doubt committed to the objectives and cause of the will also be fragmented and remain counterproductive. United Nations. That is where the role of national leadership becomes International peace and security are not viable indispensable. without sustainable, equitable and inclusive development Exercising leadership with a view to reconciliation that benefits all peoples. The purposes and principles and social cohesion is often a task that requires self- enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and in sacrifice. Sharing limited resources with former international law are violated when certain States resort enemies requires courage and vision. That is a sine to the use and threat of use of force and serious actions qua non, however, for making progress and leaving against the sovereignty of other nations, including the conflicts behind. The international community cannot application of coercive unilateral measures. replace those who must play that role, but it can provide Member States agreed in the Millennium assistance so that political, economic and social Declaration (General Assembly resolution 55/2) inclusiveness are integrated into the entire process that freedom, equality, solidarity, tolerance, respect of peacemaking, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. for nature and shared responsibility were essential In that regard, the horizon-scanning mechanism values that should guide international relations in the can be utilized to help the Security Council and the twenty-first century. Those values are negated by the international community remain alert to early warning selfishness and brutality of the capitalist neoliberal signs requiring rapid responses. globalization that has been imposed on international At the same time, the importance of regional entities’ economic, commercial and financial relations. proactive engagement cannot be overemphasized. Their The establishment of a new international order voices can be better heard, mitigating concerns over that is truly just, democratic and equitable remains a domestic affairs. The United Nations system and the chimera. The Council must be democratized through donor community may review a strategy to provide a radical reform, but that has yet to occur. We need a more sustained and predictable support for more United Nations that is more democratic and effective, inclusive societies. In that context, we believe that the with bodies that implement their respective mandates, concept of inclusive societies should be included in the having at its centre a revitalized and strengthened post-2015 development agenda. General Assembly that fully exercises the powers that The Republic of Korea attaches importance to fall to it under the Charter. socioeconomic inclusivity in assisting other countries’ The world has the resources necessary to eradicate capacity-building. We have been providing integrated poverty, malnutrition, illiteracy and many of the diseases assistance to post-conflict countries in the areas of that still decimate entire populations in many countries. security, development, women’s empowerment and What is required is the political will to implement the maternal and child health. necessary changes to the current international system, In conclusion, we would like to stress the importance which is steering humanity towards self-destruction. of close cooperation between the Peacebuilding Promoting and maintaining international peace and Commission and the Security Council. Inclusive security will entail addressing the causes of poverty development for conflict prevention is the area where and inequality. We cannot eliminate the conflicts in both organs’ stakes overlap. We will continue to play a the world if we do not eradicate the root causes that constructive role in that process moving forward. motivate and fuel them. The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the Human history corroborates the theory that the floor to the representative of Cuba. eradication of hunger, disease and poverty require Mr. Reyes Rodríguez (Cuba) (spoke in Spanish): forms of cooperation that show solidarity and fairness Cuba welcomes Chile’s presidency of the Security and do not involve a resort to arms. The arms race eats

70/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 up many of the resources that could be allocated to resolution of disputes, having formally declared economic growth and social well-being. World military itself a zone of peace at the second summit of the expenditure totalled $1.756 trillion in 2012, that is, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States 2.5 per cent of the global gross domestic product. It last year. That demonstrates the spirit of integration of is essential that concrete international measures be our region, which continues to seek to banish forever taken to redirect the resources allocated to the military the threat or use of force as a means of resolving towards activities that bring about development. conflicts; social inequality; poverty; illiteracy; and lack of free and universal access to basic services In 2014, global expenditure on armaments was 340 such as health and education. It is a region in which times higher than the biennial budget of the United priority is given to solidarity and cooperation among Nations and its specialized agencies. With the resources our peoples for prosperity and in which human rights allocated to armaments, we could have achieved many of the modest goals set by the Millennium Development for all are promoted and protected, including the right Goals, which, unfortunately, will not be achieved. to development and to full freedom and dignity for its citizens. For the cost of a nuclear weapon, medical attention could be provided to tens of thousands of people. Cuba will continue to contribute, with its modest Cuba supports the total elimination of weapons of resources, to the well-being of the people, especially mass destruction, including nuclear weapons, which through supporting the neediest. Cuba remains threaten to exterminate humanity. Current stockpiles committed to supporting international cooperation so of resources, which lead only to hardship and death, as to achieve sustainable development with inclusion could be better allocated to the full realization of the and social justice. We will also forever be committed to right to development. the defence of peace and international security. The Charter of the United Nations established the The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly floor to the representative of Kenya. as the principal organs with mandates in the area of Ms. Grignon (Kenya): Mr. President, I wish to economic and social development. The work of these thank you for this opportunity to speak on behalf of the bodies should be strengthened. This year the work of the Kenyan delegation. We wish first to congratulate you Assembly will be particularly important in the context on your assumption of the presidency of the Security of the adoption of the post-2015 development agenda. Council for this month. My delegation expresses This agenda should be established on the basis of solid profound appreciation to the Republic of Chile for precepts, with full respect for the principles enshrined organizing this important open debate on inclusive in the Charter, ensuring sustained economic growth development for the maintenance of international peace and sustainable development, with no exceptions. The and security, in connection with the agenda item on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities maintenance of international peace and security. should form the cornerstone of our efforts to achieve sustainable, equitable and inclusive development. We wish also to express our appreciation for the concept note on the subject (S/2015/6, annex), the Peace, security and the exercise of the self- statements of the Secretary-General and the Nobel determination of our peoples promote the conditions that Laureate, and the statement made by Ambassador allow for the achievement of sustainable development, De Aguiar Patriota, Chair of the Peacebuilding with inclusion, equity and social justice. The greatest Commission. These made a significant contribution to contribution that the Security Council can make to this debate, and we thank them for that. the strengthening of inclusive development is that of exercising its obligation to serve as an impregnable We recognize that ensuring international peace bulwark against foreign occupation, aggression and and security remains a daunting challenge that is still wars of conquest, acting instead as a true beacon in elusive despite the efforts made by the Council over support of the sovereignty of States, large and small, the almost 70 years of the existence of the United thereby ensuring full respect for international law and Nations. In fact, we are witnessing emerging new and the enjoyment of the right to peace or all. complex security challenges such as radicalization, The Latin America and Caribbean region is at the violent extremism and foreign terrorist fighters. vanguard of the promotion of peace and the peaceful These emerging challenges continue to undermine our

15-01584 71/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 collective efforts to ensure international peace and early warning, conflict resolution, peacebuilding and security. However, it is our hope that with efforts such the maintenance of international peace and security. as today’s and a determined call to action, we shall Underdevelopment, stagnation and poverty should realize peace, security and development dividends. be eradicated. The international community should assist post-conflict countries by focusing on both In this regard, my delegation wishes to make the the root causes and the symptoms and addressing the following seven points, which we believe are central to fundamental socio-economic, cultural and political the maintenance of international peace and security. issues. Post-conflict reconstruction and development First, there can be no lasting peace without should focus on peacebuilding, national reconciliation, development. We see a close nexus between peace inclusive political dialogue and the promotion of and security and sustainable development. Good national cohesion and unity. governance and adherence to the rule of law also play Fifth, to address the challenges of terrorism and an important role in this nexus. Here, the conclusion of violent extremism, there is an urgent need to build and the United Nations World Summit in September 2005, promote stable and peaceful societies by taking decisive that there is no peace without development; there is no measures to end poverty, inequality and marginalization, development without peace; there is no lasting peace as poverty is both a cause and consequence of terrorism and sustainable development without respect for human and violent extremism. Poverty engenders inequality, rights, is especially poignant today. which in turn undermines efforts aimed at creating Second, inclusiveness is key to peace and security, peaceful and non-violent societies. To create societies as it is to broad development. That is why this topic that are resilient to terrorism and violent extremism, of inclusive development for the maintenance of the post-2015 development agenda must address international peace and security is so relevant and widespread poverty, inequality, exclusion and weak appropriate. As we approach the expiry dates of the governance institutions. Millennium Development Goals, in September, and as Sixth, Africa continues to partner with the we design the post-2015 development agenda, capped United Nations, other continental and regional with the seventieth anniversary of the United Nations, intergovernmental organizations, multinational we have a unique opportunity to write a new chapter organizations and other stakeholders to strengthen the in our collective history. We can end poverty and rule of law, institutions of governance, human rights inequality and truly ensure inclusive development if we and economic development. While we stress that the want. Undoubtedly, this will significantly contribute responsibility for conflict prevention and mitigation to the maintenance of international peace and security. lies with each State, transnational drivers of conflicts This is because disputes over resources and their must collectively be addressed by the international exploitation are among the key causes of conflict and community. We believe that, by strengthening our insecurity. institutions of governance, we will not only enhance Third, equality within nations is central to inclusive governance, but also promote economic and peacebuilding and development. Poverty and social inclusion and development. To a great extent, underdevelopment remain major causes of conflict in that will help fight all forms of exclusion and inequality most parts of the world. That is amplified by inequality and forge unity and diversity at the local, national and and the failure to genuinely consider and apply the regional levels. principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. Seventh, in conclusion, I wish to reiterate that Therefore, peace, security and sustainable development my delegation firmly believes that peace and security will be achieved only when inequalities in all their are important prerequisites for the attainment of forms and manifestations are eradicated, especially sustainable development. Kenya remains committed to among Member States. the realization of peace and security, not only in Africa Fourth, to establish sustainable peace in countries but globally, through the promotion of democratic emerging from conflict, there is a need to ensure that practices, good governance, the rule of law, the there is no relapse into conflict. Therefore, the United protection of human rights and the peaceful resolution Nations, and especially the Security Council, need of conflicts. Conflict prevention, early warning and to engage meaningfully throughout prevention and peacebuilding are important components in that regard.

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Kenya is greatly honoured — through its In South America, we have been making strides Permanent Representative, Ambassador Macharia in combating poverty and achieving the social and Kamau, together with Ambassador David Donoghue, economic inclusion of millions of our citizens. As Permanent Representative of Ireland — to co-facilitate an example of peaceful and inclusive development, the intergovernmental negotiations on the post- South America illustrates the benefits for societies of 2015 development agenda. We want to assure you, democratic governance and economic strategies that Mr. President, and all delegations of our full commitment promote social justice. More broadly, Latin America to work with other delegations to formulate a post-2015 and the Caribbean is the only region in the world where development agenda that ensures the future we all want, inequality consistently decreased during and since the which is a just and equitable economic order free from latest global economic crisis. poverty, exclusion and human suffering. In analysing this trend, the Economic Commission The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the for Latin America and the Caribbean recognized the floor to the representative of Brazil. positive role of the State as an inducer of development and inclusion. According to the United Nations Mr. De Aguiar Patriota (Brazil) (spoke in Development Programme, development can be inclusive Spanish): I congratulate Chile and President Bachelet and reduce poverty if all groups of people in a society on assuming the presidency of the Security Council contribute to creating opportunities, share the benefits for this month and for having proposed for this debate of development and participate in decision-making. a matter of great importance. I also thank President Inclusive development should be participatory, Bachelet for her presence here today, her leadership and non-discriminatory and accountable. Most of all, it her commitment to the work of the Organization. should tackle inequality. (spoke in English) Policymakers should never neglect those who I also thank the Secretary-General, the Chair of the suffer from social exclusion the most, such as migrants, Peacebuilding Commission and Ms. Leymah Gbowee displaced people, women and children, ethnic and for their briefings. religious minorities, the elderly, persons with disabilities and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals. During its latest presidency of the Council, in There is also a need for a comprehensive approach to February 2011, Brazil proposed the interdependence reducing the multiple forms of inequality, addressing between security and development as the subject of an their social, economic and institutional drivers and open debate (see S/PV.6479). The discussion proved focusing on pockets of poverty and exclusion in many fruitful and was later synthesized in presidential countries, including developed ones. statement S/PRST/2011/4. We are glad that the Chilean presidency of the Council as provided an opportunity We must be careful to avoid the misconception that to take another look at this topic, especially the issue a lack of security exists only where there is a lack of of inclusive development for the maintenance of development. We should clearly reject any notion that peace and security. In recent years, the debate about poverty itself can be a threat to peace. The historical the interdependence between peace and security and fact remains that a greater number of serious threats development gained momentum with the creation to world peace originate in highly militarized and of the peacebuilding architecture in 2005. Let us comparatively prosperous societies. It is important that not forget, however, that the Charter of the United we ask ourselves whether exclusion itself is a greater Nations incorporated this notion under Article 55, on source of instability than, for instance, militarism or international economic and social cooperation. the unilateral use of force. The Council should also be mindful of its responsibilities towards global security Development and security are closely and avoid tacitly following an agenda that focuses interconnected, mutually reinforcing and central to the almost exclusively on conflicts in the developing world. achievement of lasting peace. We remain convinced that purely military or security strategies are not Brazil believes that peace, development and by themselves able to resolve most of the world’s human rights cannot be disassociated. Since the end of contemporary conflicts. The present debate is important the Cold War, there has been a shared understanding because the promotion of sustainable peace requires a that peacekeeping and the promotion of long-term comprehensive approach to security. socioeconomic policies should be combined in order

15-01584 73/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 to tackle the underlying causes of conflict. The so in the context of the post-2015 development agenda Peacebuilding Commission (PBC), which Brazil had the now being formulated at the United Nations. I would honour to chair last year, is particularly well-positioned also like to express special thanks to Secretary-General to assist the Security Council on issues relating to the Ban Ki-moon, Ambassador Antonio de Patriota, Chair promotion of inclusive socioeconomic development, of the Peacebuilding Commission, and Ms. Leymah notably as a tool to prevent the relapse of countries Gbowee, the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, for their emerging from conflict. briefings to the Council this morning. The importance and the benefit of integrating The Republic of Paraguay takes a holistic view development into security strategies for sustainable of international peace and security and its relation peace is clearly perceptible in the cases of Haiti and to inclusive development. Protecting people is the Guinea-Bissau. Since the beginning of the United foundation of security, an issue that must be guaranteed Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti, with the decisive by the rule of law. My Government believes that, support of Chile and our Latin American and Caribbean in order to ensure the full enjoyment of basic rights, partners, among others, Brazil has defended mandates and with that international peace and security, States that encompass reconstruction and peacebuilding in must adopt public policies that ensure sustainable and tandem with peacekeeping actions. inclusive development for all, without discrimination. The United Nations should also ensure that the post- Another country where the linkage between 2015 development agenda is an ambitious plan and security and development is evident is Guinea-Bissau, that its principal bodies integrate their action into that a fellow Lusophone nation that has suffered from vision. Security should be a commitment on the part political instability and successfully organized general of each and every State through a structure designed elections last year. As chair of the PBC’s Guinea-Bissau to enhance democratic institutions in States, based configuration, Brazil hopes to count on the support of on the mandates of international instruments. In that the international community in assisting Guinea-Bissau regard, democracy should continue to be a fundamental in paving the way to sustainable development. pillar, because while without it there may be economic We would like to underscore the strategic growth, the same cannot be said for viable social or importance of education for sustainable development economic development. and inclusive economic growth, as well as the Paraguay attaches great importance to the work of fundamental need to make progress on gender equality regional organizations in that task. Democracy, the rule and the empowerment of women as agents of peace. of law and social inclusion are also being worked on in Safeguarding cultural rights for all and promoting a the inter-American system. At the fourty-fourth general culture of peace and reconciliation are equally key. session of the General Assembly of the Organization For the past two decades, Brazil has made social and of American States in June, the Asunción Declaration economic inclusion one of its top priorities. Inclusive reaffirmed our commitment to international instruments development strengthens a country’s commitment to that promote, protect and observe human rights, peace and stability. We should not lose sight of the fact particularly economic, social and cultural rights. The that worldwide conditions for peace and development Declaration affirms that, while we still have challenges should be enhanced through improved multilateral in terms of poverty and extreme poverty, education and cooperation based on international law. inclusive and high-quality health care, among other The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the factors, we must intensify our efforts to overcome those floor to the representative of Paraguay. conditions and avoid their consequences. Mr. González (Paraguay) (spoke in Spanish): On Finally, the importance of the relationship between behalf of the delegation of Paraguay, I would like to inclusion and situations that pose a threat to international congratulate you, Mr. President, on Chile’s presidency peace and security is clear. We therefore believe we of the Security Council for this month, and to thank should be more ambitious and forceful in promoting you for inviting the entire membership to this open gender equality, equal opportunity and universal debate on inclusive development for the maintenance access to social protection services, with particular of international peace and security. This theme, which emphasis on vulnerable and marginalized groups, so is of itself important and relevant, becomes even more that all the benefits of sustainable development reach

74/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 all sectors of our societies, while building institutions prevention of internal conflict. That means that inclusion and democratic governance. The Security Council and social cohesion should be guiding principles for should therefore incorporate this approach decisively development strategies. For economic growth to benefit in all its debates and decisions. the poor, it must be inclusive, and therefore together we must make the post-2015 development agenda as The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the inclusive as possible. We believe it can contribute to floor to the representative of the Netherlands. inclusive development by incorporating the following Mr. van Oosterom (Netherlands): I would like concepts. to thank Chile for putting this important topic on the First, it should be universal, for all people in all Council’s agenda, and for organizing this debate so countries, including my own. Secondly, it should be appropriately on Martin Luther King, Jr., Day. multidimensional and address the social, environmental, I align my statement with that made earlier today economic and peace- and governance-related aspects on behalf of the European Union. In view of the time of development and inequality. Thirdly, it should be constraints, I will read out a shortened version of my a multi-actor agenda that includes all the relevant statement, the full text of which will be available via stakeholders. And, fourthly, it should be based on our my Twitter account. common values, such as inclusiveness, human rights and equality. If we can achieve that, it will be the The Netherlands commends Ms. Leymah Gbowee on her introduction this morning and on the best basis for structurally addressing and preventing outstanding work she has done in Liberia, where conflicts. she focused on including women in peacekeeping We can also see specific responsibilities for United and peacebuilding efforts. Including women in such Nations States members. They can actively contribute efforts is crucially important to attaining sustainable to inclusive development for the maintenance of peace and is a key priority of the Kingdom of the international peace and security while working closely Netherlands. To underscore that, on 18 February with the United Nations and taking practical steps in we will host a conference in the Netherlands on their national policies. For example, they could work resolution 1325 (2000), and tomorrow, at 3 p.m., we more intensively with the Department of Political will host a side event on the subject here at the United Affairs on mediation, conflict prevention and inclusive Nations, which my Minister will attend. political processes. My country has done so in Yemen, The prevention of conflict is a crucial aspect of the for instance. They could also work more intensively with Council’s mandate to address threats to international the Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Reconstruction of peace and security, and for prevention we need early the United Nations Development Programme in support warning. The “Human Rights Up Front” approach, of efforts in Tunisia and Iraq. Member States can also initiated by the United Nations, therefore deserves our take initiatives on a national basis. In the Netherlands full support. In that context, I would like to highlight we have put significant effort into creating processes for one specific aspect: the prevention of mass atrocity including all the relevant actors in countries affected by crimes. We commend the excellent new Framework of conflict. We have tried to do so, for instance, in Syria Analysis for Atrocity Crimes, prepared by the Special and Mali. Advisers on the Prevention of Genocide and on the A final thought is that when preventing or Responsibility to Protect. It is also an extremely useful addressing conflicts, Member States should combine tool for conflict prevention. The Security Council has diplomacy with defence and development. It should the important task of sending out this type of early- be a comprehensive approach, which we call the 3-D warning signals, assessing whether they constitute approach. a risk to international peace and security and taking political or other action if that is necessary. But more In conclusion, the Kingdom of the Netherlands is structural prevention of conflicts remains our biggest a partner for peace, justice and development. We are challenge, and that brings me to the connection between therefore committed to promoting inclusive stable development and the prevention of conflict. societies. We support the efforts of the United Nations and work bilaterally to prevent conflicts and as a The Kingdom of the Netherlands believes that partner for countries affected by conflicts. Without the ensuring stable societies is the best way to guarantee the

15-01584 75/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 inclusion of all of the groups comprising a society, there Through inclusive education and the implementation can be no real peace, justice or sustainable development. of a variety of inclusive programmes and projects, younger generations should be equipped with the The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the self-confidence and ambition to be constructive and floor to the representative of Montenegro. valued members of society and to succeed in this new Mr. Šćepanović (Montenegro): We thank you, Sir, globalized economy, promoting peace, tolerance and for having organized this important open debate and diversity. In combination, all of these aspects will congratulate you on assuming the presidency of the contribute to an inclusive approach and to our common Security Council for the month of January. We also objective of safeguarding international peace and thank Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon; the Chair of security. And this is primarily the responsibility of all the Peacebuilding Commission, Ambassador Patriota Member States and regions. of Brazil; and Nobel Peace Laureate Leymah Gbowee for their valuable briefings. We in Montenegro know from our experience that the best and only truly sustainable way to resolve Montenegro aligns itself with the statement differences and rectify tensions and conflict situations delivered by the observer of the European Union. is through peaceful means in a spirit of dialogue and I would like, however, to add some remarks in my committed to diplomatic and political efforts and tools. national capacity. Countries need to demonstrate strong commitment to It is hard to remember a time when the United the rule of law, respect for human rights and freedoms, Nations, its agencies and the broader international democracy and the non-use of force in settling disputes. community were facing more simultaneous crises. Regional and subregional organizations can play a Conflicts hit hardest those who are most vulnerable, positive and valuable role in facilitating dialogue and making it impossible to improve their lives. It is our setting a conciliatory tone towards conflict resolution, duty to help resolve conflicts. We must share the burden as we have seen in many instances in Africa. and prove that we are capable of building a peaceful, However, if Member States fail to address these equitable and just future through joint concrete action challenges, as is often the case in the current, fragile and a proactive approach, based on a framework of international peace and security context, it is the justice and progress, tolerance and the dignity of all Security Council that should address these issues. We human beings. However, maintaining international must recognize that we are far from having a truly peace and security is not only the task of the United effective system. In order to ensure that the United Nations and other international organizations; it is Nations maintains its rightful place as the central a process of individual, collective and institutional mechanism of global governance, our Organization transformation. All Member States, civil society bodies must take a modern, reformed shape that recognizes and individuals have a responsibility to take action the new geopolitical realities and the world’s evolving, in the process of inclusive development based on the multifaceted conditions and environments. universal values of respect for life, justice, solidarity, human rights and equality between men and women. As many examples across the world familiar to us all have shown, prevention and early intervention It is therefore important to recall that can and do work, and they are cost-effective. That is non-discrimination and the inclusion of all groups why I would like to underline, as on previous similar in the workings of society are enormous assets that contribute to our well-being and enhance the vital occasions, the significance of the United Nations early- perception of social justice, trust and systemic detection and early-warning mechanisms, as well as legitimacy. An enabling environment for inclusive the establishment of mediation as a core function of institution-building essential for peaceful societies free the United Nations. Our focus on preventive measures of conflict implies the active engagement of national should definitely be strengthened in order to prevent and local authorities, parliaments, communities, civil crises from developing and escalating, and to mitigate society, academia and women’s groups. Important focus the possible repercussions of crisis. must also be placed on transparency, accountability and The responsibility to protect and its further effective management and oversight, with a view to operationalization must also remain a priority. In the strengthening the legitimacy and integrity of security era of accountability, perpetrators of crimes against and judicial institutions. humanity should not go unpunished. It is only by

76/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 strengthening inclusive and democratic institutions, exclusion of groups of people from economic, social good governance and the rule of law that the structural and political life on the basis of gender, ethnicity, age, causes of poverty, inequality and violence can be sexual orientation or religion can lead to a violent tackled. We advocate for these issues to be given conflict. Therefore, one of our guiding principles in a prominent place in the post-2015 development preventing or solving conflicts must be political, social agenda and for the protection and empowerment of all and economic inclusion. That is why we believe that individuals to be ensured. today’s debate focusing on the nexus between inclusive development and peace and security is very timely. Let me underscore that today’s threats must be tackled through joint efforts and in an integrated manner Good governance, democracy and the rule law are across the entire nexus of development, peacekeeping, key to peace and development. We firmly believe that peacebuilding, the rule of law and human rights. In this development, security and human rights go hand in hand way, we can have a balanced and sustainable society and must be addressed in a holistic manner. Croatia has with durable peace. Montenegro will continue to be therefore strongly supported a transformative shift in reliable partner of the United Nations, working for development that would leave no one behind, as was international peace and security, proud of its values and proposed in the Secretary-General’s report on the post- its achievements, and confident in the future. 2015 sustainable development agenda (A/69/700). The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the We consider the inclusion of human rights, social floor to the representative of Croatia. equality and women’s empowerment as key building blocks of sustained prosperity for everyone. Tackling Mr. Drobnjak (Croatia): First of all, I would like gender inequalities and removing obstacles that to thank Chile, as President of the Security Council, prevent women and girls from exercising their rights for having convened this important debate and and empowering themselves must be at the heart preparing an excellent, thought-provoking concept note of our efforts to create sustainable, prosperous and (S/2015/6, annex). resilient societies. To contribute to that goal, during the Croatia aligns itself with the statement delivered by ministerial weeks of the sixty-eighth and sixty-ninth the observer of the European Union. I will make some sessions of the General Assembly, Croatia organized additional remarks in my national capacity. two high-level events devoted to the political and economic empowerment of women in post-conflict In his recent remarks to the General Assembly, the situations. Secretary-General called 2014 a “difficult year”, a year that “presented serious challenges to diplomacy and, By addressing the needs of various groups in indeed, our common humanity, as conflicts raged and different communities, we can avert future conflicts that extremism rose”. It has unquestionably been another may arise. In that sense, sustainable development goals, bad year for international peace and security, and we the most important part of the United Nations agenda in can only hope that 2015 will be less disheartening. 2015, are more than a blueprint for development and the However, that might prove to be only wishful thinking, provision of a decent life for many millions; they are also since there is little ground for optimism. According an investment in peace and a barrier against radicalism to some studies, at the beginning of 2015 there are of all sorts. A holistic approach is essential, and the around 65 countries involved in some form of armed only way forward. But that is easier said than done. The conflict. The number of militias, paramilitary and field is a multilayered and excessively complex one, guerrilla groups throughout the world exceeds 600. composed of social, religious, national, ethnic, gender The prospects that these numbers will decrease in the and many other issues. Even if a single stone remains course of the year are slim, to say the least. unturned, it could become a spark that could ignite the flames of war. Democratic elections, for example, It is self-evident that one of the major challenges if not conducted properly or based on questionable or for the international community is restoring peace incomplete voting lists and plagued with irregularities, and preventing future conflicts. This cannot be done could cause much more harm than good. through the military peacemaking and peacekeeping means only; we also need to address all the causes Our policies for early detection, prevention and leading to violent conflicts, direct and indirect alike. post-conflict development need to address all pivotal Poverty, inequality and the marginalization and issues simultaneously, including inequalities, poverty,

15-01584 77/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 corruption, youth unemployment and weak institutions. recognize that development and peace are closely That means that prevention and post-conflict recovery linked and mutually reinforcing. There cannot be peace require collaborative efforts by a range of actors and that without development, and in the absence of peace, no there is a need for a parallel focus on political, security development can take place. That is why we believe and all development issues. National ownership and that peace is the key prerequisite in the new post-2015 responsibility and the building of national capacities development agenda, so that it can be transformative based on specific national needs must be at the heart of and make a real change in the world for societies and any peacebuilding effort. In that context, we believe that people. additional efforts should be made to strengthen relations The marginalization of communities or groups based between the Security Council and the Peacebuilding on racial, ethnic, social, gender, religious, cultural and/ Commission, as well as with the Economic and Social or economic grounds undoubtedly contributes to the Council, with a view to promoting an integrated destabilization of societies and underlies many conflicts approach to peace and development and achieving today. Social, ethnic and religious divisions have been synergy between peacekeeping and peacebuilding. a critical factor leading to the conflicts in Syria, Iraq, The year 2015 will be a pivotal one for the United Central Africa and elsewhere. Marginalization gives Nations. A new sustainable development agenda will rise to extremism, which in turn exacerbates existing be adopted in September. The review processes on the conflict and risks leading to the radicalization of our peacebuilding architecture, peacekeeping operations youth. and the progress made in the implementation of The recruitment efforts of the Islamic State resolution 1325 (2000) are well under way. All those in Iraq and the Levant provide an example of how processes should be bold and ambitious in their non-governmental actors can exploit cultural and recommendations and should establish strong linkages religious divisions to further conflicts. Inclusion and between peace, security, development and human tolerance can combat such radicalization and mitigate rights. The means of implementation are as important the effect of existing conflict, in addition to preventing as our determination to carry it forward. Maintaining conflict in future. For those reasons, we agree with peace and security through inclusive and sustainable Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon’s statement following development is not just a catchphrase from the United the adoption of resolution 2178 (2014): “Over the longer Nations vocabulary, but the only possible way. term, the biggest threat to terrorists is not the power Mr. President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the of missiles. It is the politics of inclusion” (S/PV.7272, floor to the representative of Cyprus. p. 3). Exclusion, discrimination and deprivation are causes of poverty and inequality that threaten social Mr. Emiliou (Cyprus): On behalf of the Republic cohesion. Meeting the imperatives of peace and of Cyprus I, too, would like to commend and thank security means reaching out to the most vulnerable, Chile for convening this important debate on inclusive including women and girls, children and the elderly, development and its impact on the maintenance of people with disabilities, migrants, refugees, internally international peace and security. displaced persons and indigenous and minority groups. Cyprus aligns itself with the statement delivered An inclusive society should provide equal opportunity earlier today on behalf of the European Union. In for every citizen, regardless of his or her background. addition, I would like to make some remarks in my Equal opportunity, tolerance and sound democratic national capacity. governance best ensure peaceful coexistence and welfare. At the same time, strong and effective In adopting resolution 2171 (2014), the Security institutions that are transparent, corruption-free, Council recognized the effectiveness of preventive accessible and accountable, and democratic forums for action in maintaining international peace and security. participation are necessary ingredients for inclusive The Republic of Cyprus believes that a comprehensive and sustained economic growth and for peaceful and approach to conflict prevention requires awareness stable societies. in tackling the root causes of conflict as well as the implementation of policies for sustainable peace. In The United Nations is a seminal factor in promoting order to build stable societies that live in peace and inclusive development. The Security Council in security, inclusive development is essential. We all particular has a unique opportunity to implement

78/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 inclusive policies because its mandated peacekeeping Over the years, the international community, and peacebuilding operations have a major role to play in particular the United Nations, as well as relevant in rebuilding and developing societies in the wake of regional and subregional organizations, have developed conflicts. Cyprus commends the Security Council’s a diverse set of tools for peer review, information efforts to increase the participation of women in gathering and analysis and the monitoring of situations. peacekeeping operations, which is emblematic of However, without undermining the progress made in that inclusive policies. Similarly, an inclusive society is one respect, we should admit to the lack of sufficient action in which women have equal participation at all levels, in addressing policy failures at an early stage — and as their crucial role in the prevention and resolution in well before the international community faces a crisis conflicts cannot be doubted. situation. We fully share the President’s argument about situations of exclusion and discrimination as being the In conclusion, peace and security, respect for root causes of many conflicts. We view monitoring, fundamental freedoms and combating discrimination detecting and resolutely acting on such situations as a and all forms of violence are critical conditions for function of early warning and preventive diplomacy. development; but at the same time there are also Striking a balance between detecting situations and developmental outcomes. Addressing the sources of acting upon them remains an ongoing challenge at both conflict requires a multidimensional approach that the national and international levels. The 1994 genocide must take into account the interrelated dimensions of in Rwanda is an extreme and poignant case in point. development, human rights, peace and security and the rule of law. We firmly believe that 2015 will provide We recognize the conduct of inclusive policies for us with a unique opportunity to shape a more peaceful, development as a complex issue in the overall conduct just and prosperous world that will leave no one behind. of national policies within boundaries, which relates directly to their institutional capacities as much as The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the to the very nature of governance and the building of floor to the representative of Armenia. national institutions. Therefore, inclusive policies are a Mr. Mnatsakanyan (Armenia): Armenia welcomes derivative of an inclusive Government. and thanks the Chilean presidency of the Security We strongly believe that Governments and Council for initiating the present debate. We concur national institutions that promote, follow and abide with your conclusion, Mr. President, that inclusive by the principles and norms of the rule of law, good development manifestly embraces the three pillars of governance, democracy, equality and human rights the United Nations system, namely, peace and security, are adequately equipped to sustain stable societies. development and human rights. We also view the Sustained economic and social development, poverty significance of the issue very much in the context of eradication, combating corruption and other policies of the function of prevention. equitable distribution of national wealth fundamentally In that respect, the United Nations system and the reinforce the sustainability of stable societies. relevant regional and subregional organizations indeed However, the effective pursuit of that set of objectives have an important role and a reasonable set of available is attainable and tangible first within a framework of tools and mechanisms to address prevention. However, justice, political equality, democratic participation and it needs to be recalled time and again that the primary inclusion. responsibility for preventing conflicts lies with nation Strictly speaking, it cannot be assumed that States. To a considerable degree, the capacity of development follows democracy, because the objectives national Governments to deliver on their responsibility are firmly interlinked and mutually reinforcing. and to act in favour of the prevention of conflict lies However, the generation of wealth without its equitable in their consistent promotion of policies of inclusion. distribution is idiosyncratic to societies with weak The two objectives intertwine. Therefore, we believe democratic institutions. It is a primary source of that consistent analysis and review of the conduct of exclusion and injustice. inclusive policies by national Governments provides tangible benchmarks for assessing stability and We believe that the post-2015 development detecting the warning signs that point to implications agenda and the formulation of the next generation of of failure. sustainable development goals should duly reflect such

15-01584 79/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 considerations, bearing in mind, among other things, of incitement and hate propaganda, are examples of the security aspect of inclusive development. risk factors related directly to the failures of inclusive development. Exclusion and discrimination, as the antithesis of inclusive and participatory governance, underlie the The Framework is therefore an indispensable tool challenge to the legitimacy of sovereignty claims over in the analysis and assessment of inclusive policies, populations and territories. Such policies of exclusion combined with the function of prevention. We encourage and discrimination have multiple forms of expression. the Security Council to pay heed to the Framework in They are particularly acute and prone to exploding into its analysis of specific situations. conflict situations where such policies are not merely The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the condoned, but consistently upheld and promoted at floor to the representative of Viet Nam. the highest level of Government. Incitement to hatred, hate speech, xenophobia and other forms of fuelling Mrs. Nguyen Phuong Nga (Viet Nam): It is an discrimination are triggers to exclusion at all levels. We honour for me to speak at this meeting of the Security know of situations where such policies aim primarily Council on behalf of His Excellency Mr. Pham Binh at consolidating a dictatorial grip on power. There Minh, Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister is legitimacy in resistance and self-defence when of Viet Nam. Allow me first to congratulate Chile there is an existential threat to the physical security on assuming the presidency of the Council for this of populations at risk. History knows of examples of month. We have full confidence in your stewardship, waiving the legitimacy claim of territorial integrity in Mr. President. Please rest assured of Viet Nam’s support. favour of self-determination when there is a breakdown We share the view expressed by many speakers today of political, moral or ethical commitment and capacity to that inclusive development and international peace and safeguard populations from outright extermination and security are intimately interlinked. They are two of the death. The claim of a conflict between those two norms main pillars of the work of the United Nations, which of international law must therefore be consistently and are appropriately addressed by separate United Nations carefully measured against every specific situation. organs in accordance with their respective mandates. The ultimate and most dehumanizing forms of The active inclusion of all groups and stakeholders exclusion and discrimination are genocide and other in a country’s political, social and economic life, atrocity crimes. The Secretary-General has accurately while ensuring that all legitimate interests, voices and defined the broad consensus among the international concerns are taken into account, will not only prevent community and the community of genocide scholars, marginalization and possible radicalization but will according to which genocide and other atrocity crimes also promote stable and peaceful societies. That is are not spontaneous and isolated events; rather, they true in times of peace, and even more so in times of are processes with histories, precursors and triggering challenges and crises and in any peacebuilding effort. factors, which, combined, enable their commission. In that respect, we welcome and commend the recent Peace cannot be sustained in the absence of Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes — a tool for inclusive development. But peace is also a critical prevention developed jointly by the Special Advisers on enabler for development, and indispensable to attaining the Prevention of Genocide and on the Responsibility sustainable development, as recognized in the Rio+20 to Protect. outcome document (resolution 66/288, annex). The maintenance of peace and security within nations, as A careful study and analysis of the Framework and well as regionally and internationally, is a prerequisite the set of risk factors therein reveals a strong, visible for development. linkage between the consistent failures of inclusive policies, on the one hand, and the degeneration of Mr. Olguín Cigarroa took the Chair. situations to atrocity crimes, on the other. A weaknesses Viet Nam is a nation of 90 million people of State structures, including the lack of an independent from 54 different ethnic groups and very diverse and impartial judiciary, high levels of corruption, poor socioeconomic, historical and religious backgrounds, governance and the absence of accountability, as well who have lived harmoniously and peacefully as one. as the lack of representative national civil society and a Viet Nam understands and believes in the values of diverse and independent national media, as well as acts inclusion, equality, non-discrimination, conciliation

80/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 and tolerance. Our national strategies and policies are pertinent and timely debate. I would also wish to thank based on those values, with special attention paid to Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, Ambassador Patriota poor people, ethnic minorities, women and children of Brazil and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Leymah and people with disabilities, so that they can participate Gbowee for their comprehensive briefings. in and share the benefits of development. Thanks to Greece aligns itself with the statement delivered by those efforts, Viet Nam has been able to reduce poverty, the observer of the European Union, as well as with the maintain the country’s stability and continue along its statement delivered by the representative of Austria on development path. behalf of the Human Security Network. I would also In our region, South-East Asia, which was once a like to convey some additional points from a national battlefield, the 10 nations of the Association of Southeast standpoint. Asian Nations (ASEAN) strive to unlock the potentials Recent events around the world are serve as a of each and all of us to narrow the development gap and pointed reminder of the imperative of addressing the reduce inequalities within and among our countries to underlying and root causes of conflict by promoting pursue the goal of an inclusive, peaceful and prosperous sustainable development, inclusion, equality, the rule of ASEAN community. ASEAN works with all partners law and respect for human rights and inclusive political in the region and beyond in a common endeavour to processes. It is undoubtedly well-established common maintain regional peace, stability and security to allow knowledge that security and development are closely for our region’s robust economic performance and interrelated and mutually reinforcing in attaining social progress. sustainable peace. Furthermore, building sustainable Lastly, inclusive development at the international peace is inescapably linked to inclusive development. level and equality among nations are equally important On several occasions, the Security Council has in the maintenance of international peace and security. underlined its readiness to strive for sustainable peace Addressing the root causes of conflicts and crises must in all situations under its consideration. include promoting sustained economic growth, poverty Sustainable peace requires that we ensure that eradication, sustainable development and the rule of no person is denied universal human rights and basic law at the international level, including the peaceful economic opportunities, while, at the same time, the settlement of disputes. That requires strengthened needs of the most disadvantaged and vulnerable are international cooperation and partnership and the respected. The economic and political integration creation of a favourable international environment for of marginalized populations is a determining factor all nations to thrive, especially developing countries. for peace and security. Fundamental freedoms must At the same time, none of those things will be be respected, protected and fulfilled, including the possible without international peace and security, the freedoms of expression, association and the media, maintenance of which is the primary responsibility of while democratic governance and the rule of law should the Security Council. prevail. Viet Nam continues to work closely with Furthermore, Greece, being a member of the other Member States for inclusive and sustainable Human Security Network, believes that the human development for the maintenance of international peace security approach can make a significant contribution and security. to today’s discussions. When confronting the multiple The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the vulnerabilities that affect different countries and floor to the representative of Greece. communities, through its multidimensional and comprehensive vision, human security addresses those Mr. Spinellis (Greece): At the outset, since this challenges through the elements of peace and security, is the first time I have an opportunity, I would like to development and human rights — the three interlinked extend my warm congratulations to the newly elected pillars of the United Nations system. members of the Security Council — Angola, Malaysia, New Zealand, Spain and the Bolivarian Republic Inclusive development diminishes the risk of of Venezuela — and to wish them every success. conflict and enables long-term stability and sustainable Furthermore, allow me to express our deep appreciation peace while ensuring equal opportunity and equitable to Chile for taking the initiative to convene this access to basic services, which are indispensable for

15-01584 81/86 S/PV.7361 Maintenance of international peace and security 19/01/2015 social development and inclusive societies. The United the murders of school children in Pakistan, the brutal Nations is key in promoting inclusive development. The attack by terrorists against the French magazine Charlie Security Council in particular has a unique opportunity Hebdo in Paris and the terrorist attacks in Nigeria to implement inclusive development policies through have posed further challenges for the international its peacekeeping operations, which play a major role community in maintaining its commitment. Therefore, in rebuilding and developing societies in the wake of the United Nations must become more relevant to conflict. address the increasing terrorism and extremism, which threaten peace and security. Moreover, it should be noted that the security- development nexus is also relevant as we seek to Cambodia would like to take this opportunity to address the very pertinent threat of terrorism. In that reiterate its condemnation, in the strongest terms, of the sense, we recognize that concrete progress in the areas recent terrorist attack against Charlie Hebdo. Cambodia of security, justice, human rights and the rule of law are will engage with the international community to fight critical both for tackling terrorism and for achieving all forms of terrorism. sustainable development. Many conflicts have arisen from disparity, Situated in the Eastern Mediterranean, a region including from socioeconomic and gender inequality that has witnessed great political turmoil in recent and religious and ideological differences, which require years, Greece is a strong advocate of inclusive and us to further focus on finding a better and long-lasting sustainable development as an enabler of long-term solution. stability and sustainable peace. Therefore, we are strongly committed to continuing to promote the To secure equity and proportional distribution, placement of peaceful societies at the centre of the post- the regional and international integration of post- 2015 development agenda. conflict countries is important to ensure that they do not fall back into conflict. Peace can be fragile. The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the It should therefore be sustained through long-term floor to the representative of Cambodia. development, which includes the rule of law, human Mr. Tuy (Cambodia): At the outset, I would like to rights, democracy, national reconciliation, poverty join previous speakers in congratulating the Republic eradication, gender equality, sustainable economic of Chile and you, Mr. President, on assuming the growth and development, justice and interreligious presidency of the Security Council this month and, interfaith. more important, for organizing this important open At its core is the quest to achieve the Millennium debate on inclusive development for the maintenance Development Goals (MDGs), which range from of international peace and security. I would also like to alleviating extreme poverty to providing universal thank His Excellency Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon; primary education. However, Cambodia believes that His Excellency Mr. Antonio de Aguiar Patriota, many developing countries did not attain their MDGs Permanent Representative of Brazil and Chair of the primarily due to unfulfilled commitments, lack of Peacebuilding Commission; and Ms. Leymah Gbowee, resources, insufficient dedication and food insecurity. Nobel Peace Prize laureate and President of the The situation was further aggravated by financial Gbowee Peace Foundation Africa, for their briefings this morning. uncertainty in the developed countries, which had an effect on their commitment to official development In many ways, the world in which we are living assistance. Therefore, bolder global efforts are needed, in is at a critical juncture, and the current picture is as we are approaching the deadline to realize the MDGs. rather bleak. The international community remains seriously concerned about recent geopolitical security Cambodia also attaches great importance to the developments in many parts of the world. While we promotion of equality and fundamental rights. In that are accelerating our efforts to attain the Millennium regard, Cambodia welcomes the celebration of the Development Goals (MDGs), the existence of internal twentieth anniversary of the Fourth World Conference and external conflicts still cause disruption to our on Women, which would give greater impetus to efforts overall development. to advance gender equality and women’s empowerment in the post-2015 development agenda, and is prepared The respective attacks by the Islamic State in Iraq to join the high-level thematic debate on that topic, and Syria, Al-Qaida, Al-Shabaab and Boko Haram,

82/86 15-01584 19/01/2015 Maintenance of international peace and security S/PV.7361 which will be convened by the President of the General we face. In this debate, it is important that we take as a Assembly in March 2015. starting point the functions, powers and responsibilities of each of the United Nations bodies and their respective On regional efforts, I wish to endorse the statement mandates, in strict compliance with the purposes and delivered by the representative of the Association of principles of the Charter of the United Nations. Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) at the General Assembly in December 2014, which laid out ASEAN’s When we speak of development in the Security long-standing vision to integrate our people from Council, we cannot set precedents, and we must preserve different backgrounds, ethnicities, languages, religions and refrain from altering the major intergovernmental and cultures towards a common future of peace and agreements that have been reached by consensus, prosperity while we strive to realize the goals of the including the outcome document of the United ASEAN Community in 2015. My delegation also Nations Conference on Sustainable Development wishes to acknowledge the ASEAN commitment to (General Assembly resolution 66/288, annex) and the working towards the Millennium Development Goals Sustainable Development Goals, which are the basis for and post-2015 development agenda, as we believe that the upcoming post-2015 development agenda we must peace must go hand in hand with development. In approve. the meantime, we are working to realize the ASEAN Our work on security matters must move towards a Community’s post-2015 vision, which was agreed upon commitment to the promotion of human development, at the 2014 ASEAN Summit. which must be understood as sustainable development. The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the The complexity of peacekeeping operations entails a floor to the representative of Nicaragua. need for a focus that is different from the current one, in accordance with the needs of each State or region Mr. Hermida Castillo (Nicaragua) (spoke where peacekeeping forces are being deployed, and in Spanish): At the outset, allow me to welcome not attempts to implement a single policy for different the presence here this morning of Her Excellency situations. The full approval and involvement of the Ms. Michelle Bachelet, President of the Republic of States concerned and respect for their sovereignty and Chile. We congratulate her delegation on its assumption territorial integrity is crucial. We must also continue to of the presidency of the Security Council. We know strengthen the Peacebuilding Commission and achieve that the leadership of the brotherly nation of Chile, effective and efficient coordination between States, a member of the Community of Latin American and particularly in the General Assembly, the Economic Caribbean States, augurs well for the success of the and Social Council and the high-level political forum Council’s work. on sustainable development. We also welcome the presentations made by Development, peace and security are interdependent Ambassador Antonio de Aguiar Patriota, Permanent and mutually reinforcing. However, we must prioritize Representative of Brazil, and Ms. Leymah Gbowee, inclusive and sustainable development as essential Nobel Peace Prize laureate. requirements for ensuring security and stability. To We welcome the new Council members Angola, contribute to peace and security, our efforts must Spain, Malaysia, New Zealand and the Bolivarian focus on inclusive development that reinforces the Republic of Venezuela. commitment of all to eradicating poverty and achieving sustainable development in which environmental, Nicaragua aligns itself with the statement made economic and social concerns are integrated in a by the Permanent Representative of South Africa on balanced manner. behalf of the Group of 77 and China. For Nicaragua, the commitment to security includes This debate is taking place during a historic year a commitment to the promotion of human development, for the United Nations, in which we will negotiate the which must be understood as sustainable development. post-2015 development agenda. That agenda should Such development is human-centred and implemented set us on a consensus-based path towards ending once in an environment of good governance, with direct and for all the scourges we face today, namely poverty, citizen participation and social equity. Those are hunger, disease and climate change. In short, we need elements necessary to achieving the Millennium an agenda to save humankind from the many scourges

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Development Goals and, beyond them, the Sustainable without conditions of any kind, under strict respect for Development Goals. non-interference in the internal affairs of States. The interplay between security and development The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the must take into account the economic and social reality floor to the representative of Azerbaijan. prevailing in conflict and post-conflict situations. That Ms. Mammadova (Azerbaijan): I would like to will help in the development of a strategy in which thank the Chilean presidency of the Security Council development programmes are the first instruments that for organizing this very important and timely meeting we must consider and wield, before weapons for security. on the topic of the maintenance of international peace The order of priorities should often be reversed. It is and security. I am also grateful to Ambassador Antonio sustainable development that will strengthen security Patriota, Chair of the Peacebuilding Commission and stability and therefore peace in the world. (PBC), and Nobel Peace Prize winner Ms. Leymah We have seen conflict situations in which the Gbowee for their insightful briefings. approach based purely on security considerations, Peace and security have increasingly and invariably undertaken in places where it is generally acknowledged become a development issue. Conflicts bring about that the problem is socioeconomic, has not yielded the casualties whose consequences extend far beyond those desired results. On the other hand, it is enough to glance killed and wounded. The cost of armed conflict and at the resources allocated to peacekeeping operations insecurity throughout the world is enormous, whether and those earmarked for development to realize that in terms of human suffering, loss of social capital or the difference between the two is both gaping and economically. Conflicts undermine the basic political, truly inexplicable. Therefore, an objective and realistic social and financial institutions required to maintain approach is to learn from past experiences and enable stability and promote inclusive development. It is resources to be mobilized to confront and resolve the important that the Council continue to promote peace, root causes of the problem. In so doing, it is essential security and development as mutually reinforcing that developed countries fulfil the commitments they pillars. For other countries suffering from conflict and have undertaken. Security is certainly required, but it is foreign occupation, drawing lessons from the work of the security of decent work, food security, the security the PBC, we strongly believe that conflict resolution that comes with adequate housing, security for working and post-conflict peacebuilding are dependent on a families to live in dignity, the security of a life without number of underlying principles. poverty, and the security and resources to combat the trafficking in drugs and arms. First, there can be no peace without justice. No peace settlement can be reached that is inconsistent If attention is not paid to such necessities for our with international law, particularly where pre-emptory peoples, or if it is not adequately paid, it will lead to norms are concerned, such as the prohibition of citizen insecurity, violence and situations that could aggression, genocide and racial discrimination and end up before the Security Council. We must take care the obligation to respect the territorial integrity and to not place conditions on the sustainable development sovereignty of States. agenda by trying to impose concepts that undermine our peoples’ sovereignty. Such concepts have not Secondly, the violation of the rights of civilians, been agreed at the intergovernmental level and thus in particular in connection with ethnic cleansing, has become a widespread problem in the context of armed violate the basic social, economic and environmental conflicts. The need to develop tools for egregious commitments that we need to address on a priority violations of international law, including violations basis. of human rights and international humanitarian law, In conclusion, we agree with the statement in the the provision of effective and adequate reparation to concept note (S/2015/6, annex) circulated by Chile, victims and the need for institutional action to prevent which states that numerous conflicts have their root recurrence of such violence are all necessary adjuncts causes in situations of exclusion or discrimination, to true conflict resolution. including socioeconomic exclusion. Given those Thirdly, the fight against impunity for past crimes aspects, the answer must obviously not be military should be at the core of the peace and reconciliation in character, but rather of assistance to development, agenda.

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Fourthly, the protracted displacement of populations Democracies, dealt with this issue within that as a result of aggression and foreign occupation is framework. But the problem of exclusion as one of the another obstacle to inclusive development. The impact major root causes of the rupture of national consensus of conflict on housing, land and property, as well as the on the social contract has not received the attention it violation of the principle of non-discrimination with deserves. regard to internally displaced persons and refugees, The marginalization of important social groups, including forced demographic changes, require a such as youth and women, or of certain regions for more consistent approach in order to put an end to the benefit of urban areas or favouring those in power, illegal practices and policies and to ensure a safe and even certain ethnic or religious minorities, constitutes a dignified return of those displaced to their homes. It factor of delegitimization, not only of those who govern is important that the international community facilitate but also of the State infrastructure that tolerates and opportunities in order to ensure that the rights of promotes the emergence of destablizing social divisions. forcibly displaced people are guaranteed and protected. The decline in ethics and the fight for access to natural Fifthly, in the case of foreign occupation, the resources promotes corruption and the diversion of exportation of natural resources and other illegal public funds to personal use and deprives the State of activities are pursued with the sole objective of the means to ensure vital public services. The worst of consolidating military gains, preventing the expelled it is that such ill-gotten gains are used to buy public population to return to their homes and obstructing awareness in order to maintain a remuneration system ongoing efforts aimed at achieving peace. It is crucial that undermines national institutions and makes that the impact of natural resources on inter-State them even less capable of undertaking their statutory conflicts, particularly the illegal exportation of such functions. Such evils are without doubt catalysts for resources by States in violation of international law, potential conflicts, with devastating consequences. also receive the Council’s due consideration within its Not prosecuting financial crimes serves to promote thematic work. a culture of impunity and lawlessness and favours the We firmly believe that an effective peacebuilding existence of tax havens and the practice of secret banking process in the post-conflict context can take root and that makes it possible to off-shore illegally obtained succeed if a genuine peace, based on the generally gains and to provide the perpetrators of economic accepted norms and principles of international law, in crimes a golden retirement abroad. Sometimes the particular those pertaining to respect for the territorial State’s structural weakness has reached such a level integrity and political independence of a State, are that those persons suspected of financial crimes may established on the ground. also enjoy the benefits from that lapse and, despite everyone being aware of their crimes, they can enjoy The President (spoke in Spanish): I now give the an opulent lifestyle and the benefits of their crimes floor to the representative of Benin. without any restrictions. The illicit amounts involved Mr. Zinsou (Benin) (spoke in French): At the leaving Africa are incommensurate with the resources outset, I would like to commend the choice of the that come to the continent through legal means. Such extremely interesting theme of this Security Council situations, because of the crises we have seen in recent debate, entitled “Maintenance of international peace years, have on several continents led to revolts and civil and security: Inclusive development for the maintenance wars that have undermined all the efforts made in the of peace and security”. This debate seems very timely, past and all the economic progress achieved over many as we are entering the last stage of the negotiations that years. will lead to the adoption, in September 2015, of a post- The persistence of major socioeconomic inequality 2015 development agenda. between and within States can fuel radicalization Today, the correlation between peace, security and, above all, promote asymmetrical conflicts. and development needs no further demonstration, Radicalization is always possible when a certain level because the events taking place throughout the world of tolerance for frustration is overstepped. Development further demonstrate the intrinsic links between those is an issue for all social strata living within a given three dimensions. My country, which hosted the country, and all members of society need to be involved Fourth International Conference on New or Restored and to enjoy the benefits that their country provides.

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Development must be inclusive. Young people, women In that regard, we cannot insist strongly enough and minorities, who are often marginalized in some on the need for political leaders, whatever group they countries although they have immense potential to belong to, to go beyond speeches and rhetoric to take contribute to development, must be taken into account. concrete account of the linkages among the ideas of Reforms promoting inclusive development and shared development, peace and security. The actions taken by prosperity can help prevent war and ensure lasting the United Nations on the ground in terms of security peace. and the promotion of sustainable development must more than ever be coordinated with governmental In that regard, the international community must activities in the beneficiairy countries in order to be more focused on the structural dysfunctions within continue to make a significant and effective contribution States, which, although they are a domestic concern, to stabilizing and improving the security situation, also have a real impact on international peace and protecting civilians and promoting social inclusion of security. Those concerns were addressed in resolution the victims of social exclusion. 1625 (2005) negotiated by Benin during its most recent membership in the Council. The African Union Today, armed violence related to drug trafficking, Peer Review Mechanism also seeks to achieve that natural disasters caused by climate change, poverty end. There is no harm in the Security Council, the and the lack of social protection threaten human principle body responsible for international peace and security and hinder development. We must take all security, persistently encouraging States Members of those concerns into account not only in the post-2015 the Organization to undertake the necessary reforms development agenda, but also in conflict-prevention efforts. My delegation therefore wishes to express its to eliminate such dysfunctions, which pose a threat to support for the presidential statement adopted by the peace and security. Furthermore, this problem could Security Council on the subject of today’s debate and be the subject of information-exchange between the also the contents of the concept note addressed to Security Council and the Economic and Social Council the Secretary-General by the Ambassador of Chile, under Article 65 of the Charter of the United Nations, as President of the Security Council (S/2015/6). explicitly noted in presidential statement S/PRST/2015/3, adopted this morning. The Peacebuilding Commission The President (spoke in Spanish): There are no could also contribute to that end were it not for the more names on the list of speakers. The Security Council restrictions that have been imposed upon that body has thus concluded this stage of its consideration of the through its enabling resolutions. agenda item. The meeting rose at 5.55 p.m.

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