DOCSLIB.ORG

Mobility Among Arab Women in Israel

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mobility Among Arab Women in Israel Mobilty among Arab Women in Israel Tamar Keinan and Dorit Bar Editor: Tagreed Alahmad This report was published thanks to the support of the Heinrich Böll Foundation Mobility among Arab Women in Israel Authors: Tamar Keinan, Dorit Bar Editor: Tagreed Alahmad Translation: Ira Moskowitz Cover Design and Photograph: Jordan Dotan Editorial coordination: Hava Rubin Typesetting and production: Pardes Publishing House, 2007 With special thanks to Kate Jones for her help in enabling this publication. This report was published by Kayan as part of “Women Demand Mobility” project. It could not have been completed without the generous support of the following foundations: Hadassah Foundation, the New Israel Fund, C.F.D and the Heinrich Böll Foundation. The information and views expressed in this document do not represent in any way the official position of the supporting foundations 118 Arlozorov St., Haifa 33276, Israel Tel.: 972-4-8641291, 8661890, Fax: 972-4-8629731 e-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.kayan.org.il Table of Contents The Aim of the Report 5 Executive Summary 5 Introduction 7 Part A: Background 8 1. Social exclusion 8 2. Women, participation in the workforce and mobility 9 3. Transportation – What is it and what is its role? 11 4. Communities in the survey 12 5. Transportation in the surveyed communities 16 6. Transportation in Israel: Declared policy and the existing situation 17 7. Models of transportation demand 21 Part B: Analysis of data, conclusions and recommendations 23 1. The Sample 23 2. Key findings 24 3. Analysis and Conclusions: Points of Strength and Weakness 26 4. Recommendations 28 Appendix A: Pilot Program in Mghar 31 Appendix B: Member of Knesset Dr. Dov Khanin’s Letter 34 Bibliography 37 Kayan ‒ Profile 39 Mobilty among Arab Women in Israel The Aim of the Report This report’s objective is to examine, for the first time, the issue of the mobility of Arab women in the Arab sector. The report presents the personal, political and socio-economic implications of the state of mobility and proposes practical ways to improve the situation. It is based on an in-depth survey conducted in the period between September 2005 and January 2006 in 11 Arab communities in the North and in the Triangle, the regions that contain the majority of the Arab population in Israel. Executive Summary Many activities that could have been conducted in the past by traveling on foot currently require transportation by vehicle. The existing means of transportation, the use of cars and public transport, provide little help for Arab women in Israel. In practice, they suffer from a double discrimination, as Arabs in Israel and as women in a traditional society. The service that they receive from the public transportation system in these villages is lacking: most of the bus lines do not enter the villages at all or enter the villages very infrequently. Social exclusion is a situation in which an individual or group is ostracized and pushed to the margins of society. Social exclusion derives from a lack of social justice and reflects the failure of the social, cultural and economic systems (including transportation systems) to incorporate groups within society. This situation cuts off the excluded individual or group from support systems that could provide them with the ability to cope. In addition to the exclusion of the Arab society in Israel as a whole, there is also the exclusion of women within this society. Despite the fact that some of the women have a driving license, the use of the family vehicle is determined by the men in the family, and the infrastructure in the community does not consider the needs of women. Kayan - Feminist Organization In advanced models of transportation planning, one can discern a reciprocal relationship between the demand for participation in activities, the quality of the public transportation system, travel time, car ownership and more. From this, one can deduce that a change in the transportation system, such as adding bus lines or train lines, can lead to an increase in the demand for activities by the excluded groups and an increase in the ability to access these activities. The rate of participation in the workforce among Arab women is low, standing at about 30% for women of ages 25 – 44, compared to about 80% of Jewish women of this age group. The improvement in the public transport system could lead to an increase in the number of Arab women participating in the workforce, which would empower them, enhance their status in society, and strengthen the economic situation of the Arab sector within Israeli society. In the “Mobility Patterns among Arab Women in the State of Israel” survey conducted in 11 Arab communities, 85% of the women declared that if there was public transportation within their community they would make use of it. In light of the fact that 70% of the women do not leave the village on their own, and most of the activities within the village are conducted without an escort, it is clear that the most urgent and fundamental change within the village must occur in the public transportation system. In order to provide efficient transportation within the village, the public must be involved in its planning, and it should be inexpensive, frequent and accessible to those with limitations. Clear information on locations and timetables should be available to every household. Our recommendations focus on a number of areas, each of which is critically important for change. Both, the attitude of the excluder and excluded within our society, must change for real improvements in the situation to occur. Therefore, it is important to change the outlook of the women themselves, as well as that of the decision makers at the national and municipal levels. Mobilty among Arab Women in Israel Introduction Patterns of mobility among women reflect their status as women in society and as citizens of the state. “Friends, I want to go out of the house and attend an empowerment workshop. I want to contribute to the empowerment of other women and to the society, but it is difficult for me to come. If there is no man - brother, father or husband to drive me, I have to go by foot for an hour!” said a woman participating in an activity group run by the Kayan organization in the village of Mghar after arriving late for a session. This statement encouraged us at Kayan to initiate a community project, “Women Demand Mobility,” which, with the women of Mghar began to operate public transportation initiatives in accordance with their needs. The initial survey conducted in 11 communities in the North and in the Northern Triangle examined the patterns of mobility among the women in these communities. In parts of the groups we worked with, women reported that they had never used public transportation; some of them had never traveled outside the village on their own. This situation constitutes a social and economic loss for all of the relevant parties: the women, the society, the Ministry of Transportation and the public transportation companies. To reverse this situation requires involving citizens, in this case women, in the planning and activation of public transport in Arab towns. This can only create a win-win situation. During the preparation of the report, a number of findings arose indicating that mobility is problematic in the Arab sector, especially among women. As this was the first attempt to make a report on this subject, we faced certain setbacks, such as a lack of information and clarity about the situation on both the research and institutional levels. The women who participated in the survey did not have much information about public transportation in their communities: routes, frequency, hours, and some of them were unaware that public transportation even existed in their communities. Kayan - Feminist Organization Part A: Background 1. Social exclusion In the past, women who went out to work did so on the borders of the village in the fields close to their homes. Today, employment is not only agricultural and it is often located outside of the village in nearby cities which requires the use of transportation. An increase in the mobility of men has led to a change in the structure of the village and has excluded women, who are no longer able to access places of employment, shopping and social exchange. Mobility via private vehicles or public transportation is available only in a limited way; the public transportation system in Arab communities is fundamentally deficient; the majority of the bus lines do not enter the villages; and the buses which do enter the villages do so very infrequently. Social exclusion occurs when an individual or group is pushed to the margins of society. It requires interpretation by those who are excluded, who perceive that their situation marginalizes or prevents their participation in society (Strier, Bar-Yosef, 2001). The traditional cultural-social system perpetuates the supremacy of men over women, so that the private realm belongs to the women and the public arena to the men. Social stereotypes perpetuate the allocation of roles and the withholding of opportunities from women. Since a person builds his/her self-image according to the open and implied messages he/she receives from society, a process of self- fulfilling prophecy is created (Espanioli, 2006). For a discriminatory situation to be defined as social exclusion, three conditions must exist simultaneously: 1) multiple dimensionality, 2) durability over time, 3) social cutoff and distance. By analyzing the survey findings, the issue of the social exclusion of Arab women will be examined. Mobilty among Arab Women in Israel 2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Palestine (5A3ette
    XLbe Palestine (5a3ette Ipubltebeb b^ Hutbority No. 632 THURSDAY, 24TH SEPTEMBER, 1936 949 CONTENTS Page BILL PUBLISHED FOR INFORMATION ־ Pensions (Palestine Gendarmerie) Ordinance, 1936 - - 951 ORDINANCES CONFIRMED ־ - ־ Confirmation of Ordinances Nos. 44 and 57 of 1936 953 GOVERNMENT NOTICES Appointments, etc. - 953 Obituary ------ 954 Sittings of Court of Criminal Assize - 954 Sale of State Domain in Tiberias - - - - 955 Augmented Air Mail Service to Iraq, Iran and Iranian Gulf Ports - - 955 Tender and Adjudication of Contract - 956 Citation Orders - - - - - 956 Bankruptcy 957 EETURNS Quarantine and Infectious Diseases Summary - 95V Financial Statement at the 31st May, 1936 - - - - 958 Statement of Assets and Liabilities at the 31st May, 1936 - - - 960 Persons entering and leaving Palestine during August, 1936 - - 962 Persons changing their Names - 964 REGISTRATION OF CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES, COMPANIES, PARTNERSHIPS, ETC. - 965 CORRIGENDA - - - - .958 SUPPLEMENT No. 2. The following subsidiary legislation is published in Supplement No. 2 which forms part of this Gazette:— Court Fees (Amendment) Rules, 1936, under the Courts Ordinances, 1924-1935, and the ־ - - Magistrates' Courts Jurisdiction Ordinance, 1935 1119 Tariffs for the Transport of Goods under the Government Railways Ordinance, 1936 1120 {Continued) PRICE 30 MILS. CONTENTS {Continued) Page Curfew Order in respect of certain Areas within the Jerusalem District, under the ׳ Emergency Regulations, 1936 - - - 1122 Curfew Orders in respect of the Railway Formations in the Northern District, under the Emergency Regulations, 1936 . 1123 Curfew Orders in respect of the Town Planning Area of Nablus, Jenin—Deir-Sharaf— Tulkarm—Qalqilia Road, Nablus—Jerusalem Road and Municipal Areas of Acre, Jenin and Tulkarm, under the Emergency Regulations, 1936 - 1124 Rules under the Forests Ordinance, 1926, regarding the Forest Ranger at Zikhron Ya'aqov ------ !127 Notice under the Customs Ordinance, 1929, approving a General Bonded Warehouse ־ at the Levant Fair Grounds, Tel Aviv 1127 Order No.
    [Show full text]
  • TAU Archaeology the Jacob M
    TAU Archaeology The Jacob M. Alkow Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures and The Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology The Lester and Sally Entin Faculty of Humanities | Tel Aviv University Number 4 | Summer 2018 Golden Jubilee Edition 1968–2018 TAU Archaeology Newsletter of The Jacob M. Alkow Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures and The Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology The Lester and Sally Entin Faculty of Humanities Number 4 | Summer 2018 Editor: Alexandra Wrathall Graphics: Noa Evron Board: Oded Lipschits Ran Barkai Ido Koch Nirit Kedem Contact the editors and editorial board: [email protected] Discover more: Institute: archaeology.tau.ac.il Department: archaeo.tau.ac.il Cover Image: Professor Yohanan Aharoni teaching Tel Aviv University students in the field, during the 1969 season of the Tel Beer-sheba Expedition. (Courtesy of the Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University). Photo retouched by Sasha Flit and Yonatan Kedem. ISSN: 2521-0971 | EISSN: 252-098X Contents Message from the Chair of the Department and the Director of the Institute 2 Fieldwork 3 Tel Shimron, 2017 | Megan Sauter, Daniel M. Master, and Mario A.S. Martin 4 Excavation on the Western Slopes of the City of David (‘Giv’ati’), 2018 | Yuval Gadot and Yiftah Shalev 5 Exploring the Medieval Landscape of Khirbet Beit Mamzil, Jerusalem, 2018 | Omer Ze'evi, Yelena Elgart-Sharon, and Yuval Gadot 6 Central Timna Valley Excavations, 2018 | Erez Ben-Yosef and Benjamin
    [Show full text]
  • Migration of Eretz Yisrael Arabs Between December 1, 1947 and June 1, 1948
    [Intelligence Service (Arab Section)] June 30, 1948 Migration of Eretz Yisrael Arabs between December 1, 1947 and June 1, 1948 Contents 1. General introduction. 2. Basic figures on Arab migration 3. National phases of evacuation and migration 4. Causes of Arab migration 5. Arab migration trajectories and absorption issues Annexes 1. Regional reviews analyzing migration issues in each area [Missing from document] 2. Charts of villages evacuated by area, noting the causes for migration and migration trajectories for every village General introduction The purpose of this overview is to attempt to evaluate the intensity of the migration and its various development phases, elucidate the different factors that impacted population movement directly and assess the main migration trajectories. Of course, given the nature of statistical figures in Eretz Yisrael in general, which are, in themselves, deficient, it would be difficult to determine with certainty absolute numbers regarding the migration movement, but it appears that the figures provided herein, even if not certain, are close to the truth. Hence, a margin of error of ten to fifteen percent needs to be taken into account. The figures on the population in the area that lies outside the State of Israel are less accurate, and the margin of error is greater. This review summarizes the situation up until June 1st, 1948 (only in one case – the evacuation of Jenin, does it include a later occurrence). Basic figures on Arab population movement in Eretz Yisrael a. At the time of the UN declaration [resolution] regarding the division of Eretz Yisrael, the following figures applied within the borders of the Hebrew state: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MOTHER's SCHOOLING, FERTILITY, and CHILDREN's EDUCATION: EVIDENCE from a NATURAL EXPERIMENT Victor
    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MOTHER'S SCHOOLING, FERTILITY, AND CHILDREN'S EDUCATION: EVIDENCE FROM A NATURAL EXPERIMENT Victor Lavy Alexander Zablotsky Working Paper 16856 http://www.nber.org/papers/w16856 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 March 2011 We benefited from comments by Josh Angrist, Esther Duflo, Ephraim Kleinman, Melanie Luhrmann, Daniele Paserman, Steve Pischke, Yona Rubinstein, Natalia Weisshaar, Asaf Zussman and seminar participants at the Bocconi University, Hebrew University, LSE, NBER Labor Studies conference in Autumn 2010, Oxford University, RH University of London, Tel Aviv University, and University of Zurich. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 2011 by Victor Lavy and Alexander Zablotsky. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Mother's Schooling, Fertility, and Children's Education: Evidence from a Natural Experiment Victor Lavy and Alexander Zablotsky NBER Working Paper No. 16856 March 2011 JEL No. I1,J2 ABSTRACT This paper studies the effect of mothers‘ education on their fertility and their children‘s schooling. We base our evidence on a natural experiment that sharply reduced the cost of attending school and, as a consequence, significantly increased the education of affected cohorts. This natural experiment was the result of the de facto revocation in October 1963 of the military rule that had been imposed on Arabs in Israel, immediately creating free access to institutions of schooling.
    [Show full text]
  • Paradise Lost
    PARADISE LOST A film by Ebtisam Mara’ana Women Make Movies · 462 Broadway, 5th Floor · New York, NY 10013 Tel: 212.925.0606 · e-mail: [email protected] · www.wmm.com Synopsis Arab Israeli filmmaker Ebtisam Mara'ana grew up in Paradise (Fureidis in Arabic), a small fishing village overlooking the Mediterranean . One of few Arab villages remaining after the 1948 War, Paradise became culturally and politically isolated as Jewish settlements sprung up around it. Today, it is a place defined by silence and repression - a village whose men are unemployed, whose women tend to household chores, and where the Islamic Movement builds its strength among disheartened youngsters. As the director attempts to recreate the lost history of her village, she is met with strong resistance from family and friends. She's warned not to be like Suaad, the infamous village bad girl who was accused and imprisoned as a PLO activist in the 1970's. Many villagers felt Suuad's actions a threat to their safety; however, she also became a role model for many young women who took pride in their Palestinian identity. The film follow s the director to the UK as she seeks out her childhood hero, Suuad George, now a Doctor of Law, but still haunted by her village and her past. PARADISE LOST, a rare film by an Arab Israeli, is a poignant look at issues of national identity and womanhood within traditional Arab village life. About the Filmmaker Ebtisam Mara’ana, a Palestinian Israeli citizen, was born in Paradise in 1975. She graduated the school of cinema and television at the Jewish-Arab academic center of Givat Haviva.
    [Show full text]
  • Ground to a Halt, Denial of Palestinians' Freedom Of
    Since the beginning of the second intifada, in September 2000, Israel has imposed restrictions on the movement of Palestinians in the West Bank that are unprecedented in scope and duration. As a result, Palestinian freedom of movement, which was limited in any event, has turned from a fundamental human right to a privilege that Israel grants or withholds as it deems fit. The restrictions have made traveling from one section to another an exceptional occurrence, subject to various conditions and a showing of justification for the journey. Almost every trip in the West Bank entails a great loss of time, much uncertainty, friction with soldiers, and often substantial additional expense. The restrictions on movement that Israel has imposed on Palestinians in the West Bank have split the West Bank into six major geographical units: North, Central, South, the Jordan Valley and northern Dead Sea, the enclaves resulting from the Separation Barrier, and East Jerusalem. In addition to the restrictions on movement from area to area, Israel also severely restricts movement within each area by splitting them up into subsections, and by controlling and limiting movement between them. This geographic division of the West Bank greatly affects every aspect of Palestinian life. B’TSELEM - The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories Ground to a Halt 8 Hata’asiya St., Talpiot P.O. Box 53132 Jerusalem 91531 Denial of Palestinians’ Freedom Tel. (972) 2-6735599 Fax. (972) 2-6749111 of Movement in the West Bank www.btselem.org • [email protected] August 2007 Ground to a Halt Denial of Palestinians’ Freedom of Movement in the West Bank August 2007 Stolen land is concrete, so here and there calls are heard to stop the building in settlements and not to expropriate land.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonialism, Colonization, and Land Law in Mandate Palestine: the Zor Al-Zarqa and Barrat Qisarya Land Disputes in Historical Perspective
    Theoretical Inquiries in Law 4.2 (2003) Colonialism, Colonization, and Land Law in Mandate Palestine: The Zor al-Zarqa and Barrat Qisarya Land Disputes in Historical Perspective Geremy Forman & Alexandre Kedar* This articlefocuses on land rights, land law, and land administration within a multilayered colonial setting by examining a major land dispute in British-ruled Palestine (1917-1948). Our research reveals that the Mandate legal system extinguished indigenous rights to much land in the Zor al-Zarqa and Barrat Qisarya regions through its use of "colonial law"- the interpretation of Ottoman law by colonial officials, the use of foreign legal concepts, and the transformation of Ottoman law through supplementary legislation.However the colonial legal system was also the site of local resistance by some Palestinian Arabs attempting to remain on their land in the face of the pressure of the Mandate authorities and Jewish colonization officials. This article sheds light on the dynamics of the Mandate legal system and colonial law in the realm of land tenure relations.It also suggests that the joint efforts of Mandate and Jewish colonization officials to appropriate Geremy Forman is a Ph.D. candidate in the University of Haifa's Department of Land of Israel Studies. Alexandre (Sandy) Kedar is a Lecturer in the University of Haifa's Faculty of Law. Names of authors by alphabetical order. We would like to thank Oren Yiftachel for his contribution to this article and Michael Fischbach for his insightful remarks and suggestions. We are also grateful to Assaf Likhovsky for his feedback and constructive criticism, to Anat Fainstein for her research assistance, and to Dana Rothman of Theoretical Inquiries in Law for her expert editorial advice.
    [Show full text]
  • From Deficits and Dependence to Balanced Budgets and Independence
    From Deficits and Dependence to Balanced Budgets and Independence The Arab Local Authorities’ Revenue Sources Michal Belikoff and Safa Agbaria Edited by Shirley Racah Jerusalem – Haifa – Nazareth April 2014 From Deficits and Dependence to Balanced Budgets and Independence The Arab Local Authorities’ Revenue Sources Michal Belikoff and Safa Agbaria Edited by Shirley Racah Jerusalem – Haifa – Nazareth April 2014 From Deficits and Dependence to Balanced Budgets and Independence The Arab Local Authorities’ Revenue Sources Research and writing: Michal Belikoff and Safa Ali Agbaria Editing: Shirley Racah Steering committee: Samah Elkhatib-Ayoub, Ron Gerlitz, Azar Dakwar, Mohammed Khaliliye, Abed Kanaaneh, Jabir Asaqla, Ghaida Rinawie Zoabi, and Shirley Racah Critical review and assistance with research and writing: Ron Gerlitz and Shirley Racah Academic advisor: Dr. Nahum Ben-Elia Co-directors of Sikkuy’s Equality Policy Department: Abed Kanaaneh and Shirley Racah Project director for Injaz: Mohammed Khaliliye Hebrew language editing: Naomi Glick-Ozrad Production: Michal Belikoff English: IBRT Jerusalem Graphic design: Michal Schreiber Printed by: Defus Tira This pamphlet has also been published in Arabic and Hebrew and is available online at www.sikkuy.org.il and http://injaz.org.il Published with the generous assistance of: The European Union This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of Sikkuy and Injaz and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. The Moriah Fund UJA-Federation of New York The Jewish Federations of North America Social Venture Fund for Jewish-Arab Equality and Shared Society The Alan B.
    [Show full text]
  • Hebrew Names and Name Authority in Library Catalogs by Daniel D
    Hebrew Names and Name Authority in Library Catalogs by Daniel D. Stuhlman BHL, BA, MS LS, MHL In support of the Doctor of Hebrew Literature degree Jewish University of America Skokie, IL 2004 Page 1 Abstract Hebrew Names and Name Authority in Library Catalogs By Daniel D. Stuhlman, BA, BHL, MS LS, MHL Because of the differences in alphabets, entering Hebrew names and words in English works has always been a challenge. The Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) is the source for many names both in American, Jewish and European society. This work examines given names, starting with theophoric names in the Bible, then continues with other names from the Bible and contemporary sources. The list of theophoric names is comprehensive. The other names are chosen from library catalogs and the personal records of the author. Hebrew names present challenges because of the variety of pronunciations. The same name is transliterated differently for a writer in Yiddish and Hebrew, but Yiddish names are not covered in this document. Family names are included only as they relate to the study of given names. One chapter deals with why Jacob and Joseph start with “J.” Transliteration tables from many sources are included for comparison purposes. Because parents may give any name they desire, there can be no absolute rules for using Hebrew names in English (or Latin character) library catalogs. When the cataloger can not find the Latin letter version of a name that the author prefers, the cataloger uses the rules for systematic Romanization. Through the use of rules and the understanding of the history of orthography, a library research can find the materials needed.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Understanding the Struggle for Palestinian Human Rights
    A Guide to Understanding the Struggle for Palestinian Human Rights © Copyright 2010, The Veritas Handbook. 1st Edition: July 2010. Online PDF, Cost: $0.00 Cover Photo: Ahmad Mesleh This document may be reproduced and redistributed, in part, or in full, for educational and non- profit purposes only and cannot be used for fundraising or any monetary purposes. We encourage you to distribute the material and print it, while keeping the environment in mind. Photos by Ahmad Mesleh, Jon Elmer, and Zoriah are copyrighted by the authors and used with permission. Please see www.jonelmer.ca, www.ahmadmesleh.wordpress.com and www.zoriah.com for detailed copyright information and more information on these photographers. Excerpts from Rashid Khalidi’s Palestinian Identity, Ben White’s Israeli Apartheid: A Beginner’s Guide and Norman Finkelstein’s This Time We Went Too Far are also taken with permission of the author and/or publishers and can only be used for the purposes of this handbook. Articles from The Electronic Intifada and PULSE Media have been used with written permission. We claim no rights to the images included or content that has been cited from other online resources. Contact: [email protected] Web: www.veritashandbook.blogspot.com T h e V E R I T A S H a n d b o o k 2 A Guide to Understanding the Struggle for Palestinian Human Rights To make this handbook possible, we would like to thank 1. The Hasbara Handbook and the Hasbara Fellowships 2. The Israel Project’s Global Language Dictionary Both of which served as great inspirations, convincing us of the necessity of this handbook in our plight to establish truth and justice.
    [Show full text]
  • United Nations Conciliation.Ccmmg3sionfor Paiestine
    UNITED NATIONS CONCILIATION.CCMMG3SIONFOR PAIESTINE RESTRICTEb Com,Tech&'Add; 1 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH APPENDIX J$ NON - JlXWISHPOPULATION WITHIN THE BOUNDARXESHELD BY THE ISRAEL DBFENCEARMY ON X5.49 AS ON 1;4-,45 IN ACCORDANCEWITH THE PALESTINE GOVERNMENT VILLAGE STATISTICS, APRIL 1945. CONTENTS Pages SUMMARY..,,... 1 ACRE SUB DISTRICT . , , . 2 - 3 SAPAD II . c ., * ., e .* 4-6 TIBERIAS II . ..at** 7 NAZARETH II b b ..*.*,... 8 II - 10 BEISAN l . ,....*. I 9 II HATFA (I l l ..* a.* 6 a 11 - 12 II JENIX l ..,..b *.,. J.3 TULKAREM tt . ..C..4.. 14 11 JAFFA I ,..L ,r.r l b 14 II - RAMLE ,., ..* I.... 16 1.8 It JERUSALEM .* . ...* l ,. 19 - 20 HEBRON II . ..r.rr..b 21 I1 22 - 23 GAZA .* l ..,.* l P * If BEERSHEXU ,,,..I..*** 24 SUMMARY OF NON - JEWISH'POPULATION Within the boundaries held 6~~the Israel Defence Army on 1.5.49 . AS ON 1.4.45 Jrr accordance with-. the Palestine Gp~ernment Village ‘. Statistics, April 1945, . SUB DISmICT MOSLEMS CHRISTIANS OTHERS TOTAL ACRE 47,290 11,150 6,940 65,380 SAFAD 44,510 1,630 780 46,920 TJBERIAS 22,450 2,360 1,290 26,100 NAZARETH 27,460 Xl, 040 3 38,500 BEISAN lT,92o 650 20 16,590 HAXFA 85,590 30,200 4,330 120,520 JENIN 8,390 60 8,450 TULJSAREM 229310, 10 22,320' JAFFA 93,070 16,300 330 1o9p7oo RAMIIEi 76,920 5,290 10 82,220 JERUSALEM 34,740 13,000 I 47,740 HEBRON 19,810 10 19,820 GAZA 69,230 160 * 69,390 BEERSHEBA 53,340 200 10 53,m TOT$L 621,030 92,060 13,710 7z6,8oo .
    [Show full text]
  • The Israeli Withdrawal from Gaza Strip – Opportunities and Constraints
    THE FLOERSHEIMER INSTITUTE FOR POLICY STUDIES Injustice and Folly On the Proposals to Cede Arab Localities from Israel to Palestine Shaul Arieli, Doubi Schwartz With the participation of Hadas Tagari July, 2006 1 1 Principal Editor: Shunamith Carin Text Editor: Liora Hertzig Translator: Dan Kayros English Editors: Kalela Lancaster and Avivit Hai Printed by Ach va Press Ltd. Publication No. 3/48e ISSN 0792-6251 © 2006 The Floersheimer Institute for Policy Studies Ltd. Diskin St. 9a, Jerusalem 96440 tel: +972-2-5666243; fax: +972-2-5666252 office@fips.org.il www.fips.org.il 2 2 About the Authors Shaul Arieli is a Reserve Colonel who served as Commander of the Gaza Brigade and as Head of Prime Minister Ehud Barak's Negotiation Administration. He holds a Masters degree in Management Sciences from Tel Aviv University. Today, he is a senior researcher in the Economic Cooperation Foundation (ECF). He was among the initiators of the Geneva Initiative and is currently a member of the Board of the Council for Peace and Security. Doubi Schwartz is a Project Director at the Economic Cooperation Foundation (ECF), and has a BA in Political Science from Tel Aviv University and an MA in International Relations from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Hadas Tagari is a Lawyer and an expert in human rights and social change, holding an LLM in International Human Rights Law from American University Washington College of Law. About the Study Proposals for ceding Arab localities from Israeli to Palestinian sovereignty, in the framework of a permanent status agreement, have recently taken root in Israeli public debate.
    [Show full text]