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THE ROYAL ORDERS OF BURMA A.D. 1598-1885 ' PART NINE ' A. D. 1853-1885 Edited with Introduction, Notes and Summary in English of Each Order by THAN TUN, M. A. , B. L., Ph. D. (London; Former Professor of History, Mandalay University IX KYOTO THE CENTER FOR SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES, KYOTO UNIVERSITY 1989 THE ROYAL ORDERS OF BURMA, A.D. 1598-1885 PART NINE, A.D. 1853-1885 .THE ROYAL ORDERS OF BURI"1A, A.D. 1596-1 i335 PART NINE, A.O . 1853-1865 THE ROYAL ORDERS OF BURt1A , A.O. 1598-1685 PART NINE, A.D. 1853-1685 Edited vvith Introduction, Notes and Summary in English of Each Order by THAN TUN, J·1A, BL, Ph .D., D.Lit.(London) Former Professor of History, 11andalay University KYOTO THE CENTRE FOR SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES , KVOTO UNI\I'ER:31T 'i 1989 iii CONTENTS Acknowledgement iv List of colleagues vvho 1·1elped in collecting t1·1e Royal Orders vi Introduction vii Chronology 1653-1885 xv Summary of Eac1·1 Order in English Royal Orders of Burma in Burmese 331 V KURENAI : Kyoto University Research Information Repository Title Summary of Each Order in English Author(s) THAN, TUN THE ROYAL ORDERS OF BURMA, A.D. 1598-1885 (1989), Citation 9: 1-319 Issue Date 1989 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/173900 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University THE ROYAL ORDER OF BURMA , A.D. 1598-1885 The Royal Orders of Burma, Part Nine, A.D. 1853-1885 Summary 3 March 1853 Order: In order that Yaza Wut Taw Gyaung - Conspiracy against the king, would be impossible, all the present Myo Ywa Thagyi - Town and Village Headmen, Myin Gaung - Heads of Horsemen, and Myin Zi - Leaders of [Fifty] Horsemen, in the kingdom, shall remain in their respective positions; there are in some places Myo Ywa Let Me Ayo Aya Set Khan Lo Thu - Men who lost their rightful position as headman of town or village and had been waiting for a chance to claim it; they shall continue waiting and join the Asaung Daw Mye - Bearers of King's Sword Group, [for the time being]. This Order was passed on 3 March 1853 and proclaimed by Min Htin Yaza Thihathu, Liaison Officer. Note : King Mindon became king on 17 February 1853 but he resided in Yadana Theinga until he moved to Amarapura on 20 November 1853. On 13 January 1857 the Royal Order to build Mandalay was passed and he moved to a temporary palace close to the buildinq site on 2 July 1857. 10 March 1853 Order. There are men in various towns and villages whose [father and grandfather] were mentioned as headmen in the 1783 and 1802 records but someone else had taken their positions by using Ah Kyee Ah Mya Hpi Zi Hnate Set - Influence with ill intent, and they are waiting for a chance to get back their lost positions, these Ne Hmu Pe Hmu - Claims to Territories and Fields, shall not be accepted in any court of law; the present chiefs shall remain in office. This Order was passed on 10 March 1853 and proclaimed by Min Hla Min Htin Kyaw, Liaison Officer. Note : See ROB 6 April 1853. 13 March 1853 Order: Maha Thiri Sithu, Kyi Wun - Officer of Granaries, petitioned for having men of Kyi Wun Zu - Groups under Officer of Granaries, to collect things for palace use like : Dah - Cutlass Hlan - Lance Hnget Mi - Feather Kyauk - Precious Stone Ngwe - Silver Pay in - Amber Shwe - Gold Than - Iron and Thit Say - Tree Gum and they are to work without being disturbed by any Sawbwa - Shan Chief Myo Za - Shan Deputy Chief Myo Wun - Town Officer Sitke - Regmental Officer Myo Ywa Thagyi - Headman of Town / Village Myin Gaung - Head of Horsemen and Myin Zi - Leader of [Fifty] Horsemen even though these people live and work in areas under these local chiefs; it is like this in all the former reigns and there are also several Royal Orders conforming to this practice; unfortunately this custom was discarded during the Ayay Daw - Royal Episode [Prince Mindon's Rebellion and seizing the throne] and therefore men of Kyi Wun Zu - Groups under Officer of Granaries, became restless; in 1763 and 1802 records there are the registers of these people including their descendants through intergroup marriages where mothers were Asu Thama - Women of Granary Officer's Group; local chiefs mentioned above shall respect the custom [that these people take orders from Kyi Wun - Officer of Granaries alone] because they are working to supply things for palace use, on the other hand by leaving them undisturbed to live and work in their normal conditions it would make things easier to get them mobilized quickly in times of emergency like [the recent] Ayay Daw - Royal Episode; the petition is granted; his men shall remain undisturbed by local chiefs wherever they live and work and they shall take orders only from him. This Order was passed on 13 March 1853 and proclaimed by Min Htin Vaza, Liaison Officer. Note : In Sin De collection the officer who proclaimed this Order was mentioned as Min Hla Min Gyaw, Liaison Officer. 19 March 1853 Order: Wait one year to claim debts from officers and men in various services of the king in the kingdom (including the fighting men) like Myin Gaung - Head of Horsemen and Myin Zi - Leader of [Fifty] Horsemen and (Shan State Administrative Officers) Sawbvv'a - Shan Chief, and Myo Za - Deputy Shan Chief. - 2 - This Order was passed on 19 March 1853 and proclaimed by Min Htin Min Gyaw Yaza, Liaison Officer. 24 March 1853 Order: All the subjects of the king living in various towns and villages of the kingdom would have lands called Le - Rice land Ya - Cultivation other than rice U Yin - Garden Chan Myay - Fenced land for groceries Kaing - Land subject to yearly inundation Kyun - Island subject to yearly inundation and they would have acquired them through Bo Ba Bine - Forefather's land Da Ma U Gya - First cut to clear forest and cultivate Ngwe We - Bought; [it is possible that by mistake] a Royal Order was passed to give some of these lands to either a member of Royal Family [Queen or Prince or Princess] or a minister or an officer; an owner who lost his land in this way shall corne to Hluttaw to get redress. This Order was passed on 24 March 1853 and proclaimed by Min Htin Yaza Thihathu, Liaison Officer. 26 March 1853 Attention Myo Wun - Town Officers Sitke - Regimental Officers Ye Gaung Nawyatha, [Officer-in-Charge of Kaw Lin, Wun Tho, Gyo Daung and Maw Naing] reported that men under Kyi Wun - Officer of Granaries, had either sold or mortgaged their land to Shwe Hmu - Gold Chief, and Than Hmu - Iron Chief. Neither the seller nor the buyer should have done that. Kyi Wun - Officer of Granaries, alone has control over these people and their land [could not be alienated from them]. This is an Order. On debts there is a Royal Order to stop [temporarily] all claims to get them paid now. Sawbwa - Shan Chief, and Myo Za - Deputy Shan Chief, etc. have no authority over the men of Kyi Wun - Officer of Granaries, for the reason that they live and work in areas [nominally] within their charge. Crown Prince also passed an Order that Kyi Wun- Officer of Granaries,is the only officer to deal with men given to his charge irrespective of the place where they live and work. After having received this Order, Shwe Hmu - Gold Chief,in Maw Naing and Maw Gun reported to Ye Gaung Nawyatha, Officer-in-Charge of Kaw Lin, Wun Tho, Gyo Daung and Maw - 3 - Naing that some land [of Kyi Wun Zu - men under Officer of Granaries] in area under Nga Shwe Ban, Thagyi - Headman, were either sold or mortgaged to Nga ShY/e Hket and Nga Seing U, Town Headman, Hkaung Daik. It is not correct to sell or mortgage land knoYv’n to be Shwe Gun Daw Zet - Giving Royal Gold, and no local chief shall buy them or take them in mortgage. Check the boundaries of these lands of Yay DYv'in Gon village. Ta Han V'wa Ma village tracts, Maw Naing township, which are now supposed to.be given in mortgage to Nga Shwe Hket and Nga Saing U, Myo Thagyi - Tovv'n Headman, Hkaung Daik. Nga ShY/e Ban and Nga Nyo, Shwe Thagyi - Gold Headmen, shall Chin nin pya tha - Walk and show [the boundary]. This Order v^as passed by Crown Prince and Ye Gyaw Van Naing, Myo Hmu Zaung - Town Executivce Officer, Kaw Lin, Wun Tho, Gyo Daung and Maw Naing under Bo Kyaw U and Ye Gyaw Naing, shall also be checked and restored to men of Kyi Wun Zu - Group under Officer of Granaries. As Maha Thiri Sithu pointed out, men under him who get things [for palace consumption] have the special privilege like U Yin Zaunt - Gardeners [producing good fruits for palace] Nat Win Say Thama - Medicine Men [who are also Mediums] and Soon Daw Gyet - Cooks in religious service. There are also men listed in 1783 record as Ngwe Gun Daw Zet - Giving Royal Silver, living in Thaton [Hsahtun] and they are also free from the control of local chiefs like Saw Bwa - Shan Chief Myo Za - Shan Deputy Chief Myo Wun - Town Officer Sitke - Regimental Officer Myo Thagyi - Town Headman Myin Gaung - Head of Horsemen and Myin Zi - Leader of [Fifty] Horsemen. Their lands cannot be'sold or mortgaged. They cannot be pressed into service in fighting forces.
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