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Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012 Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera
University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 12-1-2012 Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012 Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Recommended Citation Waidyasekera, Deepthi Lekani, "Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012" (2012). Theses and Dissertations. 668. https://commons.und.edu/theses/668 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SPATIAL DIMENSIONS OF CONFLICT-INDUCED INTERNALLY DISPLACED POPULATION IN THE PUTTALAM DISTRICT OF SRI LANKA FROM 1980 TO 2012 by Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera Bachelor of Arts, University of Sri Jayawardanapura,, Sri Lanka, 1986 Master of Science, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2001 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota In partial fulfilment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts Grand Forks, North Dakota December 2012 Copyright 2012 Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera ii PERMISSION Title Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012 Department Geography Degree Master of Arts In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of the University shall make it freely available for inspection. -
Discourses of Ethno-Nationalism and Religious Fundamentalism
DISCOURSES OF ETHNO-NATIONALISM AND RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM SRI LANKAN DISCOURSES OF ETHNO-NATIONALISM AND RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM By MYRA SIVALOGANATHAN, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University © Copyright by Myra Sivaloganathan, June 2017 M.A. Thesis – Myra Sivaloganathan; McMaster University – Religious Studies. McMaster University MASTER OF ARTS (2017) Hamilton, Ontario (Religious Studies) TITLE: Sri Lankan Discourses of Ethno-Nationalism and Religious Fundamentalism AUTHOR: Myra Sivaloganathan, B.A. (McGill University) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Mark Rowe NUMBER OF PAGES: v, 91 ii M.A. Thesis – Myra Sivaloganathan; McMaster University – Religious Studies. Abstract In this thesis, I argue that discourses of victimhood, victory, and xenophobia underpin both Sinhalese and Tamil nationalist and religious fundamentalist movements. Ethnic discourse has allowed citizens to affirm collective ideals in the face of disparate experiences, reclaim power and autonomy in contexts of fundamental instability, but has also deepened ethnic divides in the post-war era. In the first chapter, I argue that mutually exclusive narratives of victimhood lie at the root of ethnic solitudes, and provide barriers to mechanisms of transitional justice and memorialization. The second chapter includes an analysis of the politicization of mythic figures and events from the Rāmāyaṇa and Mahāvaṃsa in nationalist discourses of victory, supremacy, and legacy. Finally, in the third chapter, I explore the Liberation Tiger of Tamil Eelam’s (LTTE) rhetoric and symbolism, and contend that a xenophobic discourse of terrorism has been imposed and transferred from Tamil to Muslim minorities. Ultimately, these discourses prevent Sri Lankans from embracing a multi-ethnic and multi- religious nationality, and hinder efforts at transitional justice. -
Commemoration of the Founder of Amarapura Nikaya
Most venerable Welitara Sri Gnanawimalatissa Maha Thera Commemoration of the Founder of Amarapura Nikaya Message from Agga Maha Panditha Davuldena Gnanissara Maha Message from Agga Maha Panditha, the Most Venerable Kotugoda Dham- Thera - the Uththareethara Mahanayake of the Sri Lanka Amarapura mawasa Anunayake Thero - the Chairman of the Sri Lanka Amarapura Maha Sangha Sabha Maha Sangha Sabha The history that great service to the Buddha Sasana, a The commemo- Sasana of the Most Venerable Welitara Sri any country new monopoly had sprung up and so many ration of great Gnanawimalatissa Thera was showing shines brightly divisions had become apparent. When Theras who had proper directions to the Sinhala, Buddhist from the great threats became apparent, and the Vinaya passed away after people of the Low Country, who had lost deeds of the illus- regulations and the Dhamma regulations doing so much for their way among the Catholic missionaries trious characters were being blatently disregarded, the Most the upliftment of and the so-called up-country high caste that were born in Venerable Dhamarajadhirajaguru Welitara the Sambuddha Sinhala Buddhists. that country. Sri Gnanawimalatissa Maha Thera, a stu- Sasana of Sri Commemorating the Most Venerable Among such dent of the Sangharaja Maha Thero, spear- Lanka is a valuable Welitara Sri Gnanawimalatissa Maha admirable char- headed the movement to clean up the example for the Thero for his yeoman services of peo- acters is the Sasana. Because of the steps he fearlessly monks, laymen, plizing the Buddha Sasana and demo- Most Venerable Dhamarajadhirajaguru took disregarding the threats to his life and the young and the old living in today's soci- cratically distributing the Dhamma to Welitara Sri Gnanawialatissa Maha Thera, limb, a new generation of Sangha was ety. -
Maha Oya Road. 25 Kms SW of Batticaloa
31 Piyangala AS. Rājagalatenna 32068. Near Mayadunna, near Bakiella. North of Uhana, midway along the Amapara - Maha Oya road. 25 kms SW of Batticaloa. Large forest area (1 square mile) bordering a wildlife sanctuary and the extensive ancient Rājagala monastery ruins situated on top of the mountain. Some caves. There is an army camp near the place due to its proximity to LTTE areas. Two monks. The place is supposed to be quite nice. Affiliated to Galdūwa. Veheragala A. Maha Oya. Midway on the Mahiyangana -Batticaloa Road. Ancient cave monastery on a hill 1 km from the Maha Oya hot springs. This used to be an arañña built by Ven. Ambalampitiya Rāhula (the founder of Bowalawatta A.), but it was abandoned after a hurricane destroyed the buildings 15 or so years ago. No monks at present, but there are 4 caves kuñis which are inhabitable and can be repaired. Supposed to be a nice place. Jaffna District. Dambakolapatuna. Keerimalai, Kankasanture. One or two kuñis in quiet dune area near the beach, close to the Navy base to which the kuñi is connected. It is possible to go on piõóapāta in nearby villages. This is supposedly the place where the Sri Mahā Bodhi arrived in Sri Lanka. 30 Mahasudharshana AS. Gadugodawāwa, Pahala-oya-gama, Ūraniya. (Between Mahiyangana and Bibile). Affiliated to Waturawila. Polonaruwa District. The second ancient capital of Sri Lanka. There are quite a few ancient monasteries on the hills and rocks in this area. Hot climate with dry season. Low country with some hills and rock-outcrops. Some large national parks. -
From the Living Fountains of Buddhism
the INTRODUCTION to FROM THE LIVING FOUNTAINS OF BUDDHISM Sri Lankan Support to Pioneering Western Orientalists by ANANDA W. P. GURUGE originally published by The Ministry of Cultural Affairs Colombo 7, Sri Lanka cover photograph: Ven Hikkaḍuwe Śrī Sumaṅgala holding a class at Vidyodaya College circa 1900s 2 “We Europeans must, of course, stand in need of such help as we are so far from the living fountains of Buddhism and so scantily furnished with materials.” – Viggo Fausböll in his letter to Ven. Waskaḍuwe Subhūti Nāyaka Thera on 14th March 1877. 3 “The Western World discovered Pali, and the Buddhist scriptures barely a hundred years ago; Sri Lanka again provided the most material. It was George Turnour’s discovery and translation of the Mahā Vansa, in 1837, which helped scholars working in India to identify King Piyadassi of the inscriptions, which they were trying to decipher, with King Asoka of history. Subsequent advance was made comparatively easy. ‘Vincent Fausböll translated the Dhammapada in 1855 and Robert Caesar Childers, a member of the Ceylon Civil Service as was Turnour, published a Pali-English Dictionary in 1870. They were given considerable help by the Sinhalese Bhikkhus, especially Subhūti and Dhammarama. Dr. Rhys Davids, another member of the Ceylon Civil Service, founded the Pali Text Society in 1881, and with the help of his wife, gradually unveiled to the Western World, the unique and original literature contained in the Buddhist scriptures.” His Excellency J. R. Jayewardene – President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka: BUDDHIST ESSAYS (First Edition 1942) Fifth Revised Edition 1983: Chapter VI. -
The Entrenchment of Sinhalese Nationalism in Post-War Sri Lanka by Anne Gaul
An Opportunity Lost The Entrenchment of Sinhalese Nationalism in Post-war Sri Lanka by Anne Gaul Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervised by: Dr. Andrew Shorten Submitted to the University of Limerick, November 2016 Abstract This research studies the trajectory of Sinhalese nationalism during the presidency of Mahinda Rajapaksa from 2005 to 2015. The role of nationalism in the protracted conflict between Sinhalese and Tamils is well understood, but the defeat of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in 2009 has changed the framework within which both Sinhalese and Tamil nationalism operated. With speculations about the future of nationalism abound, this research set out to address the question of how the end of the war has affected Sinhalese nationalism, which remains closely linked to politics in the country. It employs a discourse analytical framework to compare the construction of Sinhalese nationalism in official documents produced by Rajapaksa and his government before and after 2009. A special focus of this research is how through their particular constructions and representations of Sinhalese nationalism these discourses help to reproduce power relations before and after the end of the war. It argues that, despite Rajapaksa’s vociferous proclamations of a ‘new patriotism’ promising a united nation without minorities, he and his government have used the momentum of the defeat of the Tamil Tigers to entrench their position by continuing to mobilise an exclusive nationalism and promoting the revival of a Sinhalese-dominated nation. The analysis of history textbooks, presidential rhetoric and documentary films provides a contemporary empirical account of the discursive construction of the core dimensions of Sinhalese nationalist ideology. -
The Khmer Empire and the Malay Peninsula
THE KHMER EMPIRE AND THE MALAY PENINSULA LAWRENCE PALMER BRIGGS* Washington, D. C. THE FUNAN PERIOD, CA. 150- CA. 550 A. The peninsula before the conquests by Funan. The first known con tact of the Khmer Empire or any of its antecedents with what is now called the Malay Peninsula1 occurred when Fan Shih-man of Funan conquered a considerable portion of that peninsula early in the third century; although it is believed, from the terms in which the account of his voyage are ex pressed, that Hun-t'ien, or Hun-shen (Kaundinya), who conquered the native queen, Liu-yeh (Willow Leaf), and founded the kingdom of Funan about the middle of the first century, came from an Indian settlement on the eastern side of that peninsula.2 The earliest known inhabitants of the peninsula were pigmy negritos, represented today by the Semangs of the forests of the northern part of the bulb forming the southern part of the peninsula, and a Veddoid people, called Proto-Australoid by some anthropologists, of whom the Sakai of the central part of the southern bulb are representative.3 A people speaking a pre-Mon-Khmer Austro-Asiatic language seem to have occupied the mainland adjacent to the peninsula and, probably under pressure from the Mon-Khmers, flooded the peninsula, imposing their language on the Sakai.4 The Mons occupied the Tenasserim region but apparently never extended to the Isthmus of Kra.5 • Mr. Briggs is a specialist on the lndochinese Peninsula, especially Cambodia. He has published numerous articles in the Quarterly, Journal of the American Oriental Society, T'oung pao, and other scholarly journals. -
The Kingdom of Jaffna - Propaganda? Or History?
The Kingdom of Jaffna - Propaganda? Or History? The history of Sri Lanka during the period of about three and a half centuries between the abandonment of Polonnaruva and the Portuguese conquest of the maritime provinces comprising chiefly the territories incorporated within the kingdoms of Kotte and }affna presents features which are in many ways different from those of the preceding periods. Although this period of the island's history has suffered relatively by neglect and has been represented as one of decline generally by historians influenced by Classical romanticist thinking it has a greater relevance for the understanding of the institutions and problems of modern and even contemporary Sri Lankan history. In his' critical review' of the The Kingdom of lafIna, Gunasinghe in effect accuses the author of having written it, like earlier Tamil scholars, with sectarian and propagandist motives, his aim being the proving of an extensive Tamil or South Indian influence on the history of the island from early times. In other words, his charge is that the author has sought to present an Indo-centric or rather Dravido-centric view of the history of Sri Lanka. "The underlying theme of this book... is basically the propagandist idea of proving a predominantly Dravidian influence on the North and East of the Island from early times." " The propagandist theme of this book." " ••• an obsessive desire to prove an extensive Dravidian influence in the Island from early times." ,•.• , a desire to show an exaggerated picture of the expansion of South Indian and Tamil influence in Sri Lanka from early times." " .. -
The Genesis of the Muslim Community in • Ceylon (Sri Lanka): a Historical Summary
THE GENESIS OF THE MUSLIM COMMUNITY IN • CEYLON (SRI LANKA): A HISTORICAL SUMMARY AMBER ALI Research on the historical ongms of the Ceylon Muslim com munity is yet an unchartered field in the overall history of the island. Ramanathan's "The Ethnology of the Moors of Ceylon,"1 I. L. M. Abdul Azeez's criticism on Ramanathan's thesis,2 Siddi Lebbe's wrih ings on the subject in his Muslim Necan3 and Cassim's llankaic CO:.. nako.J' Carittiram,4 based almost entirely on Siddi Lebbe's works, are all, considering the context and spirit in which they were written (as shown below), open to the charge of historical bias and partisan ship. Van Sanden's Sonahars is a comprehensive but an uncritical presentation of all hearsay evidence and is overtly apologetic of the British colonial rule over the Muslims. Goonewardena's "Some Notes On The History of the Muslims In Ceylon Before the British Occupa tion"6 and de Silva's "Portuguese Policy Towards Muslims"7 are the only scholarly works available on the period before 1800, but they too have their shortcomings. The former, as the title itself suggests, is only a peripheral treatment limited by the author's inaccessibility to Arabic, Portuguese and Tamil sources; while the latter, constrained by the scope of the article, does not throw any light on the origins of the community. Besides these, several articles have appeared from time to time authored by a variety of writers ranging from Muslim activists to University lecturers. The only common feature in all these articles is that they try to trace the historical origins of the Ceylon Muslims as far back as possible and thereby they forget to 1 P. -
Multi-Decadal Forest-Cover Dynamics in the Tropical Realm: Past Trends and Policy Insights for Forest Conservation in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka
Article Multi-Decadal Forest-Cover Dynamics in the Tropical Realm: Past Trends and Policy Insights for Forest Conservation in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka Manjula Ranagalage 1,2,* , M. H. J. P. Gunarathna 3 , Thilina D. Surasinghe 4 , Dmslb Dissanayake 2 , Matamyo Simwanda 5 , Yuji Murayama 1 , Takehiro Morimoto 1 , Darius Phiri 5 , Vincent R. Nyirenda 6 , K. T. Premakantha 7 and Anura Sathurusinghe 7 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; [email protected] (Y.M.); [email protected] (T.M.) 2 Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka; [email protected] 3 Department of Agricultural Engineering and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; [email protected] 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA 02325, USA; [email protected] 5 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe 10101, Zambia; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (D.P.) 6 Department of Zoology and Aquatic Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe 10101, Zambia; [email protected] 7 Forest Department, Ministry of Environment and Wildlife Resources, 82, Rajamalwatta Road, Battaramulla 10120, Sri Lanka; [email protected] (K.T.P.); [email protected] (A.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 June 2020; Accepted: 28 July 2020; Published: 1 August 2020 Abstract: Forest-cover change has become an important topic in global biodiversity conservation in recent decades because of the high rates of forest loss in different parts of the world, especially in the tropical region. -
Polonnaruwa Development Plan 2018-2030
POLONNARUWA URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2018-2030 VOLUME I Urban Development Authority District Office Polonnaruwa 2018-2030 i Polonnaruwa 2018-2030, UDA Polonnaruwa Development Plan 2018-2030 POLONNARUWA URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN VOLUME I BACKGROUND INFORMATION/ PLANNING PROCESS/ DETAIL ANALYSIS /PLANNING FRAMEWORK/ THE PLAN Urban Development Authority District Office Polonnaruwa 2018-2030 ii Polonnaruwa 2018-2030, UDA Polonnaruwa Development Plan 2018-2030 DOCUMENT INFORMATION Report title : Polonnaruwa Development Plan Locational Boundary (Declared area) : Polonnaruwa MC (18 GN) and Part of Polonnaruwa PS(15 GN) Gazette No : Client/ Stakeholder (shortly) : Local Residents, Relevent Institutions and Commuters Commuters : Submission date :15.12.2018 Document status (Final) & Date of issued: Author UDA Polonnaruwa District Office Document Submission Details Version No Details Date of Submission Approved for Issue 1 Draft 2 Draft This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and for specific purposes connected with the above-captioned project only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or used for any other purpose. We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this document being relied upon by any other party, or being used for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by other parties. This document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from the party -
Detailprogramm
Detailprogramm Sri Lanka Individuelle Rundreisen: Ausgewählte Bausteine auf Sri Lanka Inhalt Reisedetails ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Reiseverlauf.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Vorgesehene Reiseverläufe .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Zusätzliches Entgelt ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Praktische Hinweise........................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Atmosfair / Anreise / Transfers ................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Einreisebestimmungen / Sicherheit ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 Gesundheit und Impfungen.........................................................................................................................................................................