DOCSLIB.ORG

Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012 Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012 Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 12-1-2012 Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012 Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Recommended Citation Waidyasekera, Deepthi Lekani, "Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012" (2012). Theses and Dissertations. 668. https://commons.und.edu/theses/668 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SPATIAL DIMENSIONS OF CONFLICT-INDUCED INTERNALLY DISPLACED POPULATION IN THE PUTTALAM DISTRICT OF SRI LANKA FROM 1980 TO 2012 by Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera Bachelor of Arts, University of Sri Jayawardanapura,, Sri Lanka, 1986 Master of Science, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2001 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota In partial fulfilment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts Grand Forks, North Dakota December 2012 Copyright 2012 Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera ii PERMISSION Title Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012 Department Geography Degree Master of Arts In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of the University shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised my thesis work or, in his absence, by the chairperson of the department or the dean of the Graduate School. It is understood that any copying or publication or other use of this thesis or part thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of North Dakota in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera July 18, 2012 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... xi ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................1 Overview and Relevance of the Topic .........................................................1 Problem Statement .......................................................................................3 Limitations of the Study...............................................................................7 Background of the Study .............................................................................9 Physical Context of Sri Lanka .....................................................................9 An Abbreviated Historical Geography of Sri Lanka .................................10 Historical Geography of Sri Lanka in Terms of a Timeline Approach .....13 Colonial Period of Sri Lanka 1505-1948 ...................................................18 Ceylon as the Transition into the Era of Modern Sri Lanka ......................21 Contemporary Political Context in Sri Lanka ............................................22 Contemplating the Post-2009 Era ..............................................................26 Summary and Transition ............................................................................27 v II. LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................28 Overview ....................................................................................................28 Review of the Documents on the History of the Internal Conflict ............28 Documents on Current IDP Initiatives .......................................................32 Importance of the Community Based Approach .......................................39 National Integration and Reconciliation ....................................................40 Conceptual Base.........................................................................................48 Summary and Transition to Chapter III .....................................................51 III. METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................53 Overview ....................................................................................................53 The Puttalam District as the Case Study Area ...........................................53 Methods......................................................................................................56 Concepts .....................................................................................................60 Summary and Transition ............................................................................62 IV. DATA COLLECTION AND DATA ANALYSIS .............................................64 Overview ....................................................................................................64 Justification of the Case Study Area ..........................................................65 Research Design, Techniques of Data Collection, and Analysis ...............67 Geographical Distribution of IDPs in Puttalam District ............................68 Patterns of Displacement Since 1990 ........................................................69 1990 Movements- from Place of Origin (Jaffna, Mannar, Mullaitivu and Killinochchi) to Place of Destination (Puttalam) .......................................70 . 2002 Movement .........................................................................................73 vi 2011 Movement .........................................................................................77 IDPs in the Puttalam District as of 2012 ....................................................79 Demographic Analysis of the Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District ........................................................................................82 Sex Ratio and Gender Relationships..........................................................84 Ethnic Composition of Internally Displaced Population of the Puttalam District ..................................................................................85 Resettlement and National Integration.......................................................86 Resettlement Options .................................................................................88 Summary and Transition ............................................................................91 V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...............................................93 Overview ....................................................................................................93 Major Research Findings of the Study.......................................................93 Recommendations ......................................................................................97 Rationale for the Recommendations ..............................................97 Institutional Data Collection ..........................................................98 Human Security .............................................................................98 Livelihood ....................................................................................100 Education .....................................................................................101 NGOs and PVOs ..........................................................................101 Demographic Issues .....................................................................102 Community Development ............................................................103 Importance of the Topic and Suggestions for Future Research ...............104 Benediction ..............................................................................................105 vii APPENDICES .................................................................................................................106 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................118 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Location of Sri Lanka in South Asia ....................................................................4 2. Physical Configuration of Sri Lanka ..................................................................11 3. Case Study Area and Places of Origin ...............................................................56 4. In-migration to Puttalam District from Places of Origin-1990 ...........................71 5. Returnees to Places of Origin in 2002 - Sri Lanka .............................................76 6. Returnees to Places of Origin in 2011
Load more

Recommended publications
  • World Bank Document
    Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: 3 8 147 - LK PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A Public Disclosure Authorized PROPOSED CREDIT IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR 21.7 MILLION (US$32 MILLION EQUIVALENT) TO THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA FOR A PUTTALAM HOUSING PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized JANUARY 24,2007 Sustainable Development South Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective December 13,2006) Currency Unit = Sri Lankan Rupee 108 Rupees (Rs.) = US$1 US$1.50609 = SDR 1 FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank LTF Land Task Force AG Auditor General LTTE Liberation Tigers ofTamil Eelam CAS Country Assistance Strategy NCB National Competitive Bidding CEB Ceylon Electricity Board NGO Non Governmental Organization CFAA Country Financial Accountability Assessment NEIAP North East Irrigated Agriculture Project CQS Selection Cased on Consultants Qualifications NEHRP North East Housing Reconstruction Program CSIA Continuous Social Impact Assessment NPA National Procurement Agency CSP Camp Social Profile NPV Not Present Value CWSSP Community Water Supply and Sanitation NWPEA North Western Provincial Environmental Act Project DMC District Monitoring Committees NWPRD NorthWest Provincial Roads Department
    [Show full text]
  • Clean Energy and Access Improvement Project
    Resettlement Planning Document Resettlement Plan Document Stage: Final Project Number: 39419 July 2008 SRI: Clean Energy and Access Improvement Project Prepared by Ceylon Electricity Board The resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA CEYLON ELECTRICITY BOARD NATIONAL GRID DEVELOPMENT PROJECT LOAN AGREEMENT NO: RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENT UNIT CEYLON ELECTRICITY BOARD COLOMBO SRI LANAKA Abbreviations ADB - Asian Development Bank BoI - Board of Investment 0C - Celsius CEA - Central Environmental Authority CEB - Ceylon Electricity Board db(A) - A-Weighted sound measurement in decibels DS - Divisional Secretary EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EPL - Environmental Protection License GIS - Gas Insulated Substation GN - Grama Niladhari GS - Grid Substation IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IPP - Independent Power Producer km - kilometer kV - kilovolt LoI - Letter of Intent m - meter mm - millimeter MOH - Medical Officer of Health MVA - Megavolt Ampere MW - Megawatt NCRE - Non-Conventional Renewable Energy NGO - Non Government Organization NIRR - National Policy on Involuntary Resettlement NEA - National Environment Act PAA - Project Approving Agency PAC - Project Approving Committee PSS/e - Power System Simulation REA - Rapid Environmental Assessment ROW - Right of Way SEA - Sustainable Energy Authority SLBC - Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation SPPA - Small Power Purchase Agreement SPP - Small Power Producer VRR - Victoria, Randenigala, Rantembe W - Watt Page 1 Executive Summary This Resettlement and Compensation Plan covers the proposed National Grid Development Project of Ceylon Electricity Board, Sri Lanka, scheduled for implementation from year 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Decadal Forest-Cover Dynamics in the Tropical Realm: Past Trends and Policy Insights for Forest Conservation in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka
    Article Multi-Decadal Forest-Cover Dynamics in the Tropical Realm: Past Trends and Policy Insights for Forest Conservation in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka Manjula Ranagalage 1,2,* , M. H. J. P. Gunarathna 3 , Thilina D. Surasinghe 4 , Dmslb Dissanayake 2 , Matamyo Simwanda 5 , Yuji Murayama 1 , Takehiro Morimoto 1 , Darius Phiri 5 , Vincent R. Nyirenda 6 , K. T. Premakantha 7 and Anura Sathurusinghe 7 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; [email protected] (Y.M.); [email protected] (T.M.) 2 Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka; [email protected] 3 Department of Agricultural Engineering and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; [email protected] 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA 02325, USA; [email protected] 5 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 21692, Kitwe 10101, Zambia; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (D.P.) 6 Department of Zoology and Aquatic Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe 10101, Zambia; [email protected] 7 Forest Department, Ministry of Environment and Wildlife Resources, 82, Rajamalwatta Road, Battaramulla 10120, Sri Lanka; [email protected] (K.T.P.); [email protected] (A.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 June 2020; Accepted: 28 July 2020; Published: 1 August 2020 Abstract: Forest-cover change has become an important topic in global biodiversity conservation in recent decades because of the high rates of forest loss in different parts of the world, especially in the tropical region.
    [Show full text]
  • Remittance Economy Migration-Underdevelopment in Sri Lanka
    REMITTANCE ECONOMY MIGRATION-UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN SRI LANKA Matt Withers A thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Department of Political Economy The University of Sydney 2017 “Ceylon ate the fruit before growing the tree” - Joan Robinson (Wilson 1977) (Parren as 2005) (Eelens and Speckmann 1992) (Aneez 2016b) (International Monetary Fund (IMF) 1993; International Monetary Fund (IMF) 2009) (Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) 2004) (United Nations Population Division 2009) Acknowledgements Thanks are due to a great number of people who have offered support and lent guidance throughout the course of my research. I would like to extend my appreciation foremost to my wonderful supervisors, Elizabeth Hill and Stuart Rosewarne, whose encouragement and criticism have been (in equal measure) invaluable in shaping this thesis. I must similarly offer heartfelt thanks to my academic mentors, Nicola Piper and Janaka Biyanwila, both of whom have unfailingly offered their time, interest and wisdom as my work has progressed. Gratitude is also reserved for my colleagues Magdalena Cubas and Rosie Hancock, who have readily guided me through the more challenging stages of thesis writing with insights and lessons from their own research. A special mention must be made for the Centre for Poverty Analysis in Colombo, without whose assistance my research would simply not have been possible. I would like to thank Priyanthi Fernando for her willingness to accommodate me, Mohamed Munas for helping to make fieldwork arrangements, and to Vagisha Gunasekara for her friendship and willingness to answer my incessant questions about Sri Lanka.
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries and Environmental Profile of Chilaw Estuary
    REGIONAL FISHERIES LIVELIHOODS PROGRAMME FOR SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (RFLP) --------------------------------------------------------- Fisheries and environmental profile of Chilaw lagoon: a literature review (Activity 1.3.1 Prepare fisheries and environmental profile of Chilaw lagoon using secondary data and survey reports) For the Regional Fisheries Livelihoods Programme for South and Southeast Asia Prepared by Leslie Joseph Co-management consultant June 2011 DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIGHT TEXT "This publication has been made with the financial support of the Spanish Agency of International Cooperation for Development (AECID) through an FAO trust-fund project, the Regional Fisheries Livelihoods Programme (RFLP) for South and Southeast Asia. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the opinion of FAO, AECID, or RFLP.” All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational and other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to: Chief Electronic Publishing Policy and Support Branch Communication Division FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to: [email protected] © FAO 2011 Bibliographic reference For bibliographic purposes, please
    [Show full text]
  • Polonnaruwa Development Plan 2018-2030
    POLONNARUWA URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2018-2030 VOLUME I Urban Development Authority District Office Polonnaruwa 2018-2030 i Polonnaruwa 2018-2030, UDA Polonnaruwa Development Plan 2018-2030 POLONNARUWA URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN VOLUME I BACKGROUND INFORMATION/ PLANNING PROCESS/ DETAIL ANALYSIS /PLANNING FRAMEWORK/ THE PLAN Urban Development Authority District Office Polonnaruwa 2018-2030 ii Polonnaruwa 2018-2030, UDA Polonnaruwa Development Plan 2018-2030 DOCUMENT INFORMATION Report title : Polonnaruwa Development Plan Locational Boundary (Declared area) : Polonnaruwa MC (18 GN) and Part of Polonnaruwa PS(15 GN) Gazette No : Client/ Stakeholder (shortly) : Local Residents, Relevent Institutions and Commuters Commuters : Submission date :15.12.2018 Document status (Final) & Date of issued: Author UDA Polonnaruwa District Office Document Submission Details Version No Details Date of Submission Approved for Issue 1 Draft 2 Draft This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and for specific purposes connected with the above-captioned project only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or used for any other purpose. We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this document being relied upon by any other party, or being used for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by other parties. This document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from the party
    [Show full text]
  • Performance Report 2014 (A Brief Performance Report of the Key Sections and the Provincial Offices Belong to the Department of Archaeology)
    Performance Report 2014 (A brief performance report of the key sections and the provincial offices belong to The Department of Archaeology) Project Monitoring & Evaluation Division (Planning Division) Department of Archaeology Colombo - 07 Table of contents Page number Department of Archaeology (Vision, Mission, Objectives) 157 - 160 Exploration and Documentation Division 161 - 166 Excavation Division 167 - 171 Museum Services Division 172 - 174 Architectural Conservation Division 175 - 185 Chemical Preservation Division 186 - 190 Epigraphy and Numismatics Division 191 - 193 Maintenance Division 194 - 204 Promotional Division 205 - 207 Accounts Division 208 - 209 Administration Division 210 - 214 Project Monitoring & Evaluation Division 215 - 219 Legal Division 220 - 229 Performance Report - 2014 157 Department of Archaeology Vision The vision of the Department of Archaeology of Sri Lanka is to promote proper management of Sri Lanka‟s archeological heritage. Mission The mission of the Department of Archaeology of Sri Lanka is to function as Sri Lanka‟s apex institution and chief regulatory body for the management of its archaeological heritage. Objectives In order to fulfill its mission, the objectives of the Department of Archaeology of Sri Lanka are; 1) Development of resources (i.) Human (ii.) Institutional 2) Protection of the total archaeological heritage of Sri Lanka 3) Inventorisation of the archaeological heritage of Sri Lanka (i.) Archaeological sites and Monuments (ii.) Movable antiquities 4) Enhancement of public awareness
    [Show full text]
  • CONTENTS Chapter Preface Introduction 1
    CONTENTS Chapter Preface Introduction 1. Sri Lanka 2. Prehistoric Lanka; Ravana abducts Princess Sita from India.(15) 3 The Mahawamsa; The discovery of the Mahawamsa; Turnour's contribution................................ ( 17) 4 Indo-Aryan Migrations; The coming of Vijaya...........(22) 5. The First Two Sinhala Kings: Consecration of Vijaya; Panduvasudeva, Second king of Lanka; Princess Citta..........................(27) 6 Prince Pandukabhaya; His birth; His escape from soldiers sent to kill him; His training from Guru Pandula; Battle of Kalahanagara; Pandukabhaya at war with his uncles; Battle of Labu Gamaka; Anuradhapura - Ancient capital of Lanka.........................(30) 7 King Pandukabhaya; Introduction of Municipal administration and Public Works; Pandukabhaya’s contribution to irrigation; Basawakulama Tank; King Mutasiva................................(36) 8 King Devanampiyatissa; gifts to Emporer Asoka: Asoka’s great gift of the Buddhist Doctrine...................................................(39) 9 Buddhism established in Lanka; First Buddhist Ordination in Lanka around 247 BC; Mahinda visits the Palace; The first Religious presentation to the clergy and the Ordination of the first Sinhala Bhikkhus; The Thuparama Dagoba............................ ......(42) 10 Theri Sanghamitta arrives with Bo sapling; Sri Maha Bodhi; Issurumuniya; Tissa Weva in Anuradhapura.....................(46) 11 A Kingdom in Ruhuna: Mahanaga leaves the City; Tissaweva in Ruhuna. ...............................................................................(52)
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF 638 KB
    Working Paper 58 Developing Effective Institutions for Water Resources Management : A Case Study in the Deduru Oya Basin, Sri Lanka P. G. Somaratne K. Jinapala L. R. Perera B. R. Ariyaratne, D. J. Bandaragoda and Ian Makin International Water Management Institute i IWMI receives its principal funding from 58 governments, private foundations, and international and regional organizations known as the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Support is also given by the Governments of Ghana, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka and Thailand. The authors: P.G. Somaratne, L. R. Perera, and B. R. Ariyaratne are Senior Research Officers; K. Jinapala is a Research Associate; D. J. Bandaragoda is a Principal Researcher, and Ian Makin is the Regional Director, Southeast Asia, all of the International Water Management Institute. Somaratne, P. G.; Jinapala, K.; Perera, L. R.; Ariyaratne, B. R.; Bandaragaoda, D. J.; Makin, I. 2003. Developing effective institutions for water resources management: A case study in the Deduru Oya Basin, Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute. / river basins / water resource management / irrigation systems / groundwater / water resources development / farming / agricultural development / rivers / fish farming / irrigation programs / poverty / irrigated farming / water shortage / pumps / ecology / reservoirs / water distribution / institutions / environment / natural resources / water supply / drought / land use / water scarcity / cropping systems / agricultural production
    [Show full text]
  • PDCAU589.Pdf
    ljr) dliduntry / , 51" fBC 1, 0 0,*0 ~* S S 4,. 6 st1' . ., ,.. ...........,. ... i T.:-,-.=C...AE A p *,*.2, le SRI LANKA AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Final Report 1979-1986 Margarita F.B. Driscoll Consorldum Coordinator Stephen F. Moseley Officer-in-Charge September 1986 This report was prepared under Contract No. AID/ASIA-C-1397 for Technical Services to Project 383-0049 tar Agricultural Education Development, Sri Lanka between the Academy for Educational Development, Inc. and The U. S. Agency for International Development CONSORTIUM FOR INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT The Academy for Educational Development. Inc. The Pennsylvania State University Texas A&M University Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Field Office: Agricultural Education Development Project. Postgraduate Institute oi Agriculture, The University of Peradenya. Sri Lanka Telephone (08)88203 Home Office: 1255 Twenty.third Street. N.W., Washington. D.C. 20037 Telephone: (202) 8Q2.1900 Telex ACADED WSH 89660 Cable: ACADED WASHINGTON. D.C. FOREWORD This report represents the culmiuation of more than 10 years ofplanning and action to enhance Sri Lanka's meet its needs for agricultural ability to personnel trained to the baccalaureate and postgraduate levels. Soon after its founding, the Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture (PGIA) recognized that outside assistance would be required to enable it to achieve its goal-to provide high quality postgraduate education in agriculture to satisfy most of Sri Lanka's agricultural manpower needs. Under the leadership of Dr. R.R. Appadural, then PGIA Director and Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, the PGIA had prepared a development plan by early 1977 which was presented to USAID/Sri Lanka (and other potential donor agencies) with a request for assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • MFF-Green Power Development and Energy Efficiency Improvement
    Initial Environmental Examination Report Tranche 1 Power Transmission Development Component February 2014 Sri Lanka: Green Power Development and Energy Efficiency Improvement Investment Program Prepared by Ceylon Electricity Board, Ministry of Power and Energy, Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka for the Asian Development Bank. This Initial Environmental Examination Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 Background 3 1.2 Scope of Work and Methodology Adopted 4 1.3 Applicable Environmental and other Legislations 5 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 6 2.1 The Project 6 2.2 Type of Project 7 2.3 Justification of the Project 7 2.4 Location 9 2.5 Size and Magnitude of the Operation 19 2.6 Implementation Plan 21 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 23 3.1 Anuradhapura District 23 3.2 Gampaha District 25 3.3 Trincomalee District 29 3.4 Puttlam District 34 3.5 Colombo District 37 3.6 Kalutara District 40 4.0 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 44
    [Show full text]
  • Srilanka (Tea Sector)
    A GLOBAL/COUNTRY STUDY AND REPORT ON SRILANKA (TEA SECTOR) Submitted to: GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF Masters of Business Administration UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Ms. Shyma Gokul Assistant Professor Submitted by: Shri H.D. Gardi MBA College, Nyara, Rajkot. College Code: 780 Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad May, 2012 [1] Chapter-I Introduction [2] Country Selection Sri Lanka is a neighbor country of India. Sri Lankan culture is match with Indian culture. Because of major population of Sri Lanka are Indian people. The environment of Sri Lanka is match with Indian environment. The official name of Sri Lanka is a Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. GEOGRAPHY OF SRI LANKA [3] Area 65,610 sq. km. (25,332 sq. me.). Population 21.30 million of the Sri Lanka. Annual population growth rate 0.9% of the Sri Lanka. Cities: Capital- Colombo population 1.30 million, Sri Jaywardenepur Kotte is the officially designed capital and is the site of the parliament. Other major cities are Kandy with 1,50,000 population, Galle with 1,10,000, and Jaffna with 1,00,000. Terrain is a coastal plains in the northern side of the Sri Lanka. Hills and Mountains in southern & central Sri Lanka. It is high at 2,133 meters (7,000 ft.) Climate of Sri Lanka: Tropical, Rainy seasons light in northeast, fall and winter, with average rain fall of 50 inch. Heavy rains fall in south-west Sri Lanka i.e. average 200 inch. Religion wise division of people in Sri Lanka: Sinhalese 74% of the total population.
    [Show full text]