Download PDF 638 KB

Working Paper 58 Developing Effective Institutions for Water Resources Management : A Case Study in the Deduru Oya Basin, Sri Lanka P. G. Somaratne K. Jinapala L. R. Perera B. R. Ariyaratne, D. J. Bandaragoda and Ian Makin International Water Management Institute i IWMI receives its principal funding from 58 governments, private foundations, and international and regional organizations known as the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Support is also given by the Governments of Ghana, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka and Thailand. The authors: P.G. Somaratne, L. R. Perera, and B. R. Ariyaratne are Senior Research Officers; K. Jinapala is a Research Associate; D. J. Bandaragoda is a Principal Researcher, and Ian Makin is the Regional Director, Southeast Asia, all of the International Water Management Institute. Somaratne, P. G.; Jinapala, K.; Perera, L. R.; Ariyaratne, B. R.; Bandaragaoda, D. J.; Makin, I. 2003. Developing effective institutions for water resources management: A case study in the Deduru Oya Basin, Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute. / river basins / water resource management / irrigation systems / groundwater / water resources development / farming / agricultural development / rivers / fish farming / irrigation programs / poverty / irrigated farming / water shortage / pumps / ecology / reservoirs / water distribution / institutions / environment / natural resources / water supply / drought / land use / water scarcity / cropping systems / agricultural production / Indonesia / the Philippines / Nepal / China / Sri Lanka / ISBN: 92-9090-5190 Copyright © 2003, by IWMI. All rights reserved. Please direct inquiries and comments to: [email protected] ii Contents Summary ................................................................................................. x CHAPTER 1: Introduction .......................................................................................... 1 Objectives ............................................................................................ 1 Methodology ........................................................................................ 2 Sample Selection ................................................................................. 2 General Information on the Deduru Oya Basin .................................. 4 Organisation of the Report .................................................................. 6 CHAPTER 2: River Basin Profile .............................................................................. 7 Introduction .......................................................................................... 7 Physical System Characteristics .......................................................... 7 Existing Natural Resources ................................................................. 8 Rainfall ...................................................................................... 8 Temperature ............................................................................... 9 Rivers and streams .................................................................... 9 Groundwater .............................................................................. 11 Land use pattern ........................................................................ 11 Soil types ................................................................................... 12 Irrigation Systems ................................................................................ 12 Major and medium systems (including major diversions) ...... 12 Minor irrigation systems (small tanks and diversions)............ 12 Agricultural wells extracting groundwater ............................... 13 Water pumps used for agricultural purposes ............................ 14 Socio-economic Characteristics ......................................................... 14 Population, its density and growth in the basin ....................... 14 Income and poverty................................................................... 14 Poverty ....................................................................................... 17 Employment and Livelihood Activities .............................................. 18 Main Industries .................................................................................... 18 Infrastructure Facilities Available to People in the Basin .................. 19 Number of urban centers and villages (including special markets for agricultural products) ...................................................... 19 Drinking water facilities ........................................................... 20 Seasonal cropping intensity of the basin (general) .................. 21 Performance of major irrigation schemes in the basin ............ 21 iii Institutional Characteristics ................................................................. 21 Government institutions in development and management of water resources ....................................................................... 21 Institutions in sample DS divisions (within the basin) ............ 22 Provincial level arrangement for land and water resource management ............................................................. 23 District and divisional level arrangement for land and water resource management ............................................................. 23 CHAPTER 3: Socio-economic Conditions and Issues in the Deduru Oya River Basin ................................................................... 24 Introduction .......................................................................................... 24 Demographic Characteristics of the River Basin ............................... 24 Economic Activities ............................................................................. 25 Agricultural sector in the river basin ....................................... 26 Paddy Cultivation ................................................................................ 27 Paddy Cultivation under Minor Irrigation Schemes ........................... 29 Rain-fed Cultivation ............................................................................ 30 General Problems of Paddy Farmers .................................................. 30 Cultivation with Agro-wells and Lift Irrigation ................................. 30 Livestock Farming ............................................................................... 31 Main Industries in the River Basin ..................................................... 32 Impact of Main Industries on Natural Resource Base of the River Basin ............................................................................. 33 Income Level and Living Standard of People .................................... 33 Level of poverty ........................................................................ 33 Pockets of poverty..................................................................... 34 Urban centers ............................................................................ 34 Conclusions .......................................................................................... 35 CHAPTER 4: Water Resource Management Institutions .......................................... 37 Introduction ....................................................................................... 37 Definition of Terms ........................................................................... 37 Historical Perspectives of Water Resource Development and Management............................................................................ 38 Ancient hydraulic civilization in the country .......................... 38 Development during Colonial Period ............................................... 38 Development after Independence...................................................... 39 Challenges of the Present and Future ............................................... 40 General Administrative and Institutional Mechanisms Available for Water and Other Natural Resource Management, Their Roles and Functions ...................................... 41 Administrative and management structures ............................. 41 Legal structure, policy measures and water rights .................. 43 iv Roles and functions of water resource management institutions ......................................................... 44 Water Resource Management in the Deduru Oya Basin .................... 47 Water resource management institutions .................................. 47 Different Sectors Utilizing Water and Other Natural Resources ....... 48 Water User’s Rights and Responsibilities ........................................... 51 Institutional Problems in Management of Land and Other Natural Resources in the Basin ...................................................................... 52 Agricultural sector..................................................................... 52 Domestic and industrial water supply ...................................... 55 Other sectors ............................................................................. 55 Institutional problems ............................................................... 56 Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................... 58 CHAPTER 5: Water Accounting and Performance of Irrigation Systems ................ 60 Introduction .......................................................................................... 60 Information on Physical

Load more