DOCSLIB.ORG

Teadusmõte Eestis (Vii)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Teadusmõte Eestis (Vii) TEADUSMÕTE EESTIS (VII) MERI. JÄRVED. RANNIK TALLINN 2011 TEADUSMÕTE EESTIS (VII) MERI. JÄRVED. RANNIK Tarmo Soomere (vastutav toimetaja), Tiina Nõges Helle-Liis Help, Siiri Jakobson, Ülle Rebo, Galina Varlamova ISSN 1736-5015 978-9949-9203-2-7 (trükis) ISBN 978-9949-9203-3-4 (pdf) © EESTI TEADUSTE AKADEEMIA Facta non solum verba SISUKORD Sissejuhatus Tarmo Soomere, Tiina Nõges . 7 Populatsioonid, kooslused ja ökosüsteemid muutuvates loodus- ja inimmõju tingimustes Jonne Kotta, Henn Ojaveer. 13 Kuidas kliimamuutus mõjutab järvede elustikku ja aineringeid? Tiina Nõges, Peeter Nõges . 25 Ekstreemsete ilmastikunähtuste ja kohaliku inimtegevuse koosmõju Peipsi kaladele Külli Kangur, Kai Ginter, Andu Kangur, Peeter Kangur, Kati Orru, Tõnu Möls. 37 Tuulevälja muutumine Läänemere kirdeosas viimase poolsajandi jooksul Sirje Keevallik . 49 Tuulekliima muutuste mõju Eesti rannikumere veetaseme-, hoovuste- ja lainerežiimile Ülo Suursaar . 59 Läänemere lainekliima Eesti ranniku kontekstis Tarmo Soomere . 69 Eesti ranniku uurimine ja problemaatika Are Kont, Kaarel Orviku, Hannes Tõnisson . 83 Lainepõhised ohud rannavööndis Ira Didenkulova. 103 Päikesevalgus vees kui oluline mõjufaktor veekogude ökosüsteemi kujunemisel Helgi Arst . 117 Globaal- ja regionaalprobleemide lahendamine kaugseire meetoditega Tiit Kutser, Ele Vahtmäe, Liisa Metsamaa, Birgot Paavel . 137 Bakterite ökoloogia Eestiga seotud vesistes keskkondades Veljo Kisand . 157 4 Ka järvesetted kõnelevad – paleolimnoloogilistest uuringutest Eestis viimasel kümnendil Liisa Puusepp . 171 Ülemiste järve biomanipulatsioon Tiia Pedusaar, Ain Järvalt . 189 Preventiivsed meetodid ranniku kaitseks mere sisemise dünaamika abil Tarmo Soomere . 197 Rakenduslikud järveuuringud Euroopa direktiive toetamas Ingmar Ott, Kairi Maileht, Henn Timm . 213 Autoritest ja kaasautoritest . 228 5 SISSEJUHATUS Tarmo Soomere Eesti TA Informaatika ja Tehnikateaduste osakonna juhataja TTÜ küberneetika instituudi juhtivteadur, lainetuse dünaamika labori juhataja Tiina Nõges Eesti Maaülikooli ja Teaduste Akadeemia uurija-professor Raamatusari “Teadusmõte Eestis” on jõudnud põhimõtteliselt erinevate meetoditega, avaldub maagilise järjekorranumbrini 7 ning praeguseks tippteaduse interdistsiplinaarsus siin kõige eheda- kokku võtnud mitmete teadusvaldkondade edu- mal kujul. Veekogude nii-öelda alumised rajatin- lood, saavutused ja probleemid. Käesolev kogu- gimused ehk merepõhja ja randade omadused mik on esimene, mis kontsentreerub mitte niivõrd määratleb geoloogia ning neid kujundavad tasa- meetoditele või valdkondadele, kuivõrd kindlatele pisi peamiselt hüdrodünaamilised protsessid. Üle- objektidele. misel rajal ehk veepinnal ʻtoidabʼ veekogusid Ajalooliselt on mere- ja järveteadus üks vanemaid energiaga vastasmõju atmosfääriga; viimasega teadusharusid Eestis. Mõned Eesti vaatlusread tegeleb (mere)meteoroloogia. Mere elutu kesk- kuuluvad maailma pikimate sekka. Nii pärinevad konna ehk veemasside omaduste, liikumise, li- esimesed hüdrometeoroloogiliste vaatluste pro- sandite jaotuste ja mustrite väljaselgitamine on tokollid Tallinnas 1805. aastast ning juba 1824. hüdrodünaamika, hüdrofüüsika ja hüdrokeemia aastal alustati Pärnus regulaarseid meretaseme ülesanne. Elu veekogudes kuulub (hüdro)bio- vaatlusi. Hagudist pärit Adam Johann von Kru- loogia võimkonda. Kõik loetletud valdkonnad ka- senstern juhtis esimest Vene ümbermaailmareisi sutavad ulatuslikult veel tohutut hulka mate- maatilisi, füüsikalisi jm meetodeid. 1803–1806. Paljud eksperdid on seisukohal, et nimelt selle ekspeditsiooni käigus tehtud hoo- Tulemusena on ʻvesisteʼ teaduste ja rannikutea- vuste uuringutega pandi alus kaasaegsele füüsi- duse kuuluvus vahel päris keerukas küsimus. Aja- kalisele okeanograafiale. Karl Ernst von Baeri looliselt on järveteaduse ehk limnoloogia ja ran- ekspeditsioone Peipsi järvele (Baer 1852) ja Lää- nikuteaduse tuumkompentents paiknenud Teadus- nemerele peetakse esimesteks teadaolevateks ka- te Akadeemia praeguses struktuuris bioloogia, lade ülepüügi teaduslikeks uuringuteks maailmas. geoloogia ja keemia osakonnas. Mereteadus on Ülevaate mere-, järve- ja rannikuteaduse mõnede füüsiliselt esindatud aga informaatika ja tehni- harude varasemast ajaloost Eesti kontekstis saab kateaduste osakonnas. Sageli ilmuvad merefüüsi- kirjutistest (Mardiste 1995, 1999; Ojaveer jt kute teadustulemused ajakirjades, mida füüsikud, 2000; Kangur jt 2001; Nõges jt 2001). Viimastel matemaatikud, keemikud või bioloogid peavad aastakümnetel toimunud muutusi ja uusi välja- endi pärusmaaks. Viimastel aastatel on Lääne- kutseid peegeldab mõnevõrra artikkel (Soomere mere mereteaduse fookust (näiteks BONUSe 2009). programmi raames) radikaalselt laiendatud nõnda, Mere-, järve- ja rannikuteadused on nii definit- et nüüd hõlmab see laia spektrit ühiskonnaprob- leeme ning mere valgalal toimuvaid protsesse. sioonilt kui ka olemuselt objektorienteeritud tea- dussuunad. Kuna nende esindajad tegelevad suh- Mere-, järve- ja rannikuteaduste kohta Eesti tea- teliselt kindlapiiriliste objektidega, kuid paljude dusmaastikul, teadlaste enesehinnangut ning vas- 7 tavate uuringute taset kolleegide ja ülemuste Väike vaheaeg oli 2001. a, mil mere-, järve- ja silmis peegeldavad ehk kõige paremini need rannikuteadusi käsitlevaid töid Eesti teaduspree- uuringud, mis on aegade jooksul esitatud Eesti miale ei esitatud. Läbimurre Eesti teaduse tipp- riikliku teaduspreemia saamiseks. Esimene töö, tasemele algas 2002. a, kui Jüri Elken, Jüri Kask, mis nime poolest seotud ʻvesisteʼ teadustega, oli Tarmo Kõuts, Uno Liiv ja Tarmo Soomere said Arne Sellini artikkel “Taimede veemajanduse öko preemia tehnikateaduste valdkonnas tööde tsükli loogiast” (esitatud 1993 aastapreemiale geo- ja “Saaremaa süvasadama võimalike asukohtade bioteaduste ning põllumajanduse valdkonnas). hüdrodünaamilised ja geoloogilised uuringud” Tõsi, see puudutas küll taimedesisest veevahetust eest. Samal aastal esitati preemiale ka Sergei Ba- ja hüdraulikat. Õige veidi oli käesoleva kogumiku bitšenko, Aina Leebeni, Larissa Porõvkina ja temaatikaga seotud 1995. a teaduspreemia geo- ja Viktor Varlamovi uuringute tsükkel “Veekesk- bioteaduste ning põllumajanduse valdkonnas “Kir konna analüüsi fluorestsentsmeetodid” geo- ja de-Eesti maastike areng ja nende antropogeenne bioteaduste valdkonnas. Selle kollektiivi tegemisi transformatsioon”. Tõenäoliselt on see kõige suu on põgusalt puudutatud P. Saari ülevaates optika remale kollektiivile omistatud preemia: juht Jaan- arengust Eestis (Saari 2006). Selle tuumikselts- Mati Punning, liikmed Katrin Erg, Mati Ilomets, kond osales ühe Eesti partnerina BONUS+ pro- Erik Kaljuvee, Edgar Karofeld, Olevi Kull, Tiiu jektis BalticWay, millest jutustab käesoleva ko- Koff, Are Kont (üks käesoleva kogumiku gumiku artikkel (Soomere 2011). autoritest), Valdo Liblik, Diana Makarenko, Igna Kahel järgneval aastal oli võistlus geo- ja bio- Rooma, Avo Rätsep, Mart Varvas, Arvi Toomik teaduste aastapreemiale peaaegu täielikult mere-, ja Martin Zobel. järve- ja rannikuteadlaste siseasi. Selleks ajaks oli 1990ndate aastate teisel poolel konkureerisid Eesti teadus suurelt jaolt taastunud ülemineku- mere-, järve- ja rannikuteadust esindavad tööd aegade probleemidest ning vastavate tööde te- tehnikateaduste ning geo- ja bioteaduste valdkon- maatika oli märgatavalt laienenud. 2003. a geo- ja nas. 1996. a esitati tehnikateaduste alal preemia bioteaduste aastapreemia läks kollektiivile koos- kandidaadiks Kustav Laigna, Hanno Ohvrili ja seisus Juta Haberman, Avo Miidel, Tiina Nõges, Vello Kala “Ohutut merelaevandust kindlustavate Ervin Pihu ja Anto Raukas Peipsi järve uuringuid tööde tsükkel”. Järgnevatel aastatel võisteldi geo- käsitlevate monograafiate eest. Põllumajandustea- ja bioteaduste liinis: 1997. a kandideeris Ott duste alal sai preemia Riho Grossi ja Tiit Paaveri Rootsi tööde tsükkel “Toksilised kloororgaanili- tsükkel “Ohustatud ja kasvatatavate kalaliikide sed ühendid Läänemere ökosüsteemis”, 1998. a geneetiliste ressursside uuringud”. Eesti teadus- Urve Ratase, Eva Nilsoni, Elle Puurmanni ja Too- preemia kandidaadiks täppisteaduste alal esitati mas Kokovkini monograafia “Eesti väikesaared. tol aastal ka Sirje Keevalliku tööde tsükkel “At- Maastikuökoloogilised uuringud”, 1999. a Võrts- mosfääri tsirkulatsiooni mustrite muutused lo- järve Limnoloogiajaam tulemusliku töö eest Eesti kaalsete kliimamuutuste indikaatorina”. Järgmisel veekogude uurimisel ja 2000. a uuringute tsükkel aastal (2004) võitis geo- ja bioteaduste aastapree- “Peipsi geoloogia” (Avo Miidel, Tiit Hang, Reet mia Helgi Arsti monograafia “Mitmekomponen- Karukäpp, Anto Raukas ja Elvi Tavast) ning Ott diliste looduslike vete optilised omadused ja vee- Rootsi tsükkel keskkonnasaastatuse mõjust Balti alune valgusväli”. Tema konkurentideks oli Evald riikide inimeste tervisele ning püsivate, bioaku- Ojaveeru, Toomas Saati ja Ervin Pihu toimetatud muleeruvate ja toksiliste kemikaalide levikust raamat “Eesti kalad” ning Kalle Olli uuringute Kesk- ja Ida-Euroopa riikides. Konkurents oli aga tsükkel “Funktsionaalsed protsessid ja bioloo- tihe ning preemiat ükski neist töödest ei pälvinud. gilised interaktsioonid planktonikooslustes”. 8 Küllap lõppes selleks korraks võistlusisu ning Enno Lend’i logistika ja transpordi alaste teadus- 2005. a teaduspreemiatele nii-öelda klassikalisi tööde tsükkel hoopis sotsiaalteaduste valdkonnas. mere-, järve- ja rannikuteaduse alaseid töid ei Järgmistel aastatel (2008–2009) esitati uuesti esitatud. Vesiste teaduste esindajatel oli siiski ka Jonne Kotta tööde täiendatud versioonid ning sel
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Estimation of Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge Risks Along the Coast of Estonia, Baltic Sea – a Tool for Coastal Management
    Littoral 2010, 12005 (2011) DOI:10.1051/litt/201112005 © Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2011 Estimation of sea level rise and storm surge risks along the coast of Estonia, Baltic Sea – a tool for coastal management Ülo Suursaar, Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, [email protected] Jaak Jaagus, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, [email protected] Tiit Kullas, Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, [email protected] Hannes Tõnisson, Institute of Ecology at Tallinn University, [email protected] Abstract The aim of the paper is to present statistical analysis of the sea level data obtained from the Estonian coastal tide gauges over the period 1842–2009, to assess storm surge risks and to discuss climate change related mitigation and management issues in the coastal zone of Estonia. Long-term variations of both mean and extreme sea level values were studied in the Eastern section of the nearly tideless Baltic Sea. Influenced by postglacial land uplift, the series of relative sea level displayed slightly varying trends. The remarkably steep rise in annual maximum sea levels (2–12 mm/yr) could be explained by the local response to the changing regional wind climate. Due to its windward location, the sea level variations in the semi-enclosed study area are sensitive to the changes in cyclonic activity. Maximum value analysis revealed that in case of the south-westerly exposed Pärnu Bay, two storm surge events (253 in 1967 and 275 cm in 2005) were inconsistent with the theoretical distributions, which indicate that, in some locations, the most extreme sea level events are hardly predictable by means of return statistics.
    [Show full text]
  • MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO Diploma Thesis
    MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Declaration I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. I agree with the placing of this thesis in the library of the Faculty of Education at the Masaryk University and with the access for academic purposes. Brno, 30th March 2018 …………………………………………. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. for his kind help and constant guidance throughout my work. Bc. Lukáš Opavský OPAVSKÝ, Lukáš. Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis; Diploma Thesis. Brno: Masaryk University, Faculty of Education, English Language and Literature Department, 2018. XX p. Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Annotation The purpose of this thesis is an analysis of a corpus comprising of opening sentences of articles collected from the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia. Four different quality categories from Wikipedia were chosen, from the total amount of eight, to ensure gathering of a representative sample, for each category there are fifty sentences, the total amount of the sentences altogether is, therefore, two hundred. The sentences will be analysed according to the Firabsian theory of functional sentence perspective in order to discriminate differences both between the quality categories and also within the categories.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimation of the Maximum and Minimum Surge Levels at the Hanhikivi Peninsula, Gulf of Bothnia
    BOREAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH 25: 51–63 © 2020 ISSN 1797-2469 (online) Helsinki 24 April 2020 Estimation of the maximum and minimum surge levels at the Hanhikivi peninsula, Gulf of Bothnia † Svetlana M. Gordeeva1)3) * and Konstantin A. Klevannyy2) 1) Russian State Hydrometeorological University, 79, Voronezhskaya St., St. Petersburg, 192007, Russia (*corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]) 2) CARDINAL LLC, Office 19, 77/3, Severnyy Pr., St. Petersburg, 195256, Russia 3) Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36, Nahimovskiy Pr., Moscow, 117997, Russia † Present address Received 13 Aug. 2019, final version received 19 Mar. 2020, accepted 25 Feb. 2020 Gordeeva S.M. & Klevannyy K.A. 2020: Estimation of the maximum and minimum surge levels at the Hanhikivi peninsula, Gulf of Bothnia. Boreal Env. Res. 25: 51–63. A combination of statistical and deterministic methods was used to calculate the flood level for the Hanhikivi peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, where a nuclear power plant is planned. An existing Baltic Sea numerical model (BSM-2010) solv- ing the depth-averaged shallow water equations was used. Using formulas for an idealized storm field, wind and atmospheric pressure fields were assigned as forcing. The possible intensity of the extreme storm field was determined from the database of storm fields that passed over the northern hemisphere from 1958–2016. The modeling results show that the maximum water level rise at Hanhikivi occurs when an extreme storm field over south- ern Norway moves east-northeast with a velocity of 65 km h–1. Extreme water levels in Hanhikivi obtained with statistical and deterministic methods at a probability up to 0.01% (return period of 104 years) are +252 cm and –251 cm, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Pumice in the North Atlantic
    Ocean-transported pumice in the North Atlantic Anthony Newton PhD University of Edinburgh 1999 Declaration I, Anthony Newton hereby declare that the work contained herein is my own and has not previously been presented for examination. Any contributions by others is acknowledged in the text. September 1999 ii For Keith Newton 1930-1984 iii “Some days we would pass through pumice lying in ridges, each piece uniformly the size and appearance of a bath sponge, then again we should pass through perfect fields of small yellow pumice spread evenly over the surface just for all the world like a green field of grass covered all over with buttercups, and the undulation of the swell of the trade wind produced an indescribably pretty appearance.” (Reeves, 1884). iv Abstract The overall aims of this study are to identify the sources of the widespread Holocene pumice deposits found along the coasts of the North Atlantic region and establish the ages of the source eruptions. In order to tackle this, it is necessary to determine whether it is possible to “fingerprint” the pumice of individual eruptions and link ocean-transported material with the established tephrochronological framework based on the stratigraphy of airfall deposits. Over 1500 electron probe microanalyses and over 200 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry analyses have been undertaken on pumice and tephra samples. These are the first high quality grain specific analyses carried out on ocean-transported pumice in the North Atlantic. Current knowledge of the extent of pumice distribution in the North Atlantic region is assessed for both shoreline (natural) and archaeological contexts.
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Vulnerability in Gothenburg
    UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG Department of Economy and Society, Human Geography & Department of Earth Sciences Geovetarcentrum/Earth Science Centre Gothenburg & Mölndal`s present and future vulnerability against weather-related flood events Susanna Gelin ISSN 1400-3821 B801 Master of Science (120 credits) thesis Göteborg 2015 Mailing address Address Telephone Telefax Geovetarcentrum Geovetarcentrum Geovetarcentrum 031-786 19 56 031-786 19 86 Göteborg University S 405 30 Göteborg Guldhedsgatan 5A S-405 30 Göteborg SWEDEN Front photo (Figure 1): The water level in the moat have increased significantly, due to high sea level in river Göta älv at the passage of the extra-tropical cyclone Sven that struck Gothenburg in December 2013. The picture is taken from the Lejontrappan in front of Gustav Adolfs Torg. In the background, the church Christine Kyrka can be seen. Photo: Susanna Gelin II Department of Earth Sciences Preface This Master’s thesis is Susanna Gelin’s degree project in Earth Sciences at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg. The Master’s thesis comprises 60 hec (two semesters of full-time studies). Supervisors have been Associate Professor Yvonne Andersson-Sköld at the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Gothenburg and Research and Development Manager at COWI AB, Associate Professor Sofia Thorsson and Dr David Rayner also at the Department of Earth Sciences, at the University of Gothenburg. Examiner has been Professor Roland Barthel at the Department of Earth Sciences, at the University of Gothenburg. The author is responsible for the content in this thesis. Gothenburg, September 29, 2014 III Abstract Introduction: Gothenburg stands on the threshold of a new era.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest-Related Disasters Three Case Studies and Lessons for Management of Extreme Events
    Forest-related disasters Three case studies and lessons for management of extreme events FORESTRY WORKING PAPER 17 ISSN 2664-1062 Forest-related disasters Three case studies and lessons for management of extreme events FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2020 Required citation: van Hensbergen, H. and Cedergren, J. 2020. Forest-related disasters – Three case studies and lessons for management of extreme events. Forestry Working Paper No. 17. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb0686en The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISSN 2664-1062 [Print] ISSN 2664-1070 [Online] ISBN 978-92-5-133185-9 © FAO, 2020 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Inverse Gaussian Distribution of Wave Set-Up Heights Along a Shoreline with Complicated Geometry
    Earth Syst. Dynam. Discuss., doi:10.5194/esd-2016-76, 2017 Manuscript under review for journal Earth Syst. Dynam. Published: 31 January 2017 c Author(s) 2017. CC-BY 3.0 License. Inverse Gaussian distribution of wave set-up heights along a shoreline with complicated geometry Tarmo Soomere1,2, Katri Pindsoo1 1Laboratory of Wave Engineering, Institute of Cybernetics at Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 21, Tallinn, 5 12618, Estonia 2Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia Correspondence to: Katri Pindsoo ([email protected]) Abstract. The phenomenon of wave set-up may substantially contribute to the formation of devastating coastal flooding in certain coastal sections. We study empirical probability distribution of the occurrence of different set-up heights in section of 10 coastline near Tallinn in the Gulf of Finland, the eastern Baltic Sea. The shoreline in the study area is often attacked by high waves from various directions and also has a complex geometry. Shown is that this distribution substantially deviates from the Rayleigh or the Weibull distribution that usually reflect the distribution of different wave heights. The distribution of wave set-up heights matches a Wald (inverse Gaussian) distribution along the entire study area. Even though different sections of the study area are open to different directions and host substantially different wave regimes, the leading term of 15 the exponent in the associated inverse Gaussian distribution varies insignificantly along the study area and generally is close to –1. This appearance signals that extreme set-up events are substantially more probable that it could be expected from the probability of occurrence of severe seas.
    [Show full text]
  • Compilation of BALTEX/Baltic Earth Publications
    BALTEX /Baltic Earth Publications Contents page 1. Books ...................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Special Journal Issues dedicated to Baltic Earth .................................................................... 4 3. Special Journal Issues dedicated to BALTEX ........................................................................... 7 3. Peer-reviewed Journal Articles ............................................................................................ 19 4. Reports and Proceedings ...................................................................................................... 61 5. Presentations at BALTEX Study Conferences ....................................................................... 66 6. Presentations at Baltic Earth Conferences ......................................................................... 105 7. International BALTEX Secretariat Publication Series ......................................................... 125 8. International Baltic Earth Secretariat Publication Series ................................................... 130 The data base for the publications is the BALTEX/Baltic Earth electronic publication library, accessible via the Baltic Earth homepage at http://www.baltic-earth.eu. A book, journal arti- cle or report is qualified as a BALTEX/Baltic Earth publication, if either it describes results of a BALTEX/Baltic Earth project and BALTEX/Baltic Earth is explicitly referred to in the title,
    [Show full text]
  • Review on Winds, Extratropical Cyclones and Their Impacts in Northern Europe and Finland
    RAPORTTEJA RAPPORTER REPORTS 2020:3 REVIEW ON WINDS, EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES AND THEIR IMPACTS IN NORTHERN EUROPE AND FINLAND HILPPA GREGOW MIKA RANTANEN TERHI K. LAURILA ANTTI MÄKELÄ Review on winds, extratropical cyclones and their impacts in Northern Europe and Finland Hilppa Gregow, Mika Rantanen, Terhi K. Laurila and Antti Mäkelä Finnish Meteorological Institute P.O. Box 503 FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland www.fmi.fi 1 Published by Finnish Meteorological Institute Series title and number (Erik Palménin aukio 1), P.O. Box 503 Reports 2020:3 FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland Date: October 2020 Authors Hilppa Gregow, Mika Rantanen, Terhi K. Laurila and Antti Mäkelä Title Review on winds, extratropical cyclones and their impacts in Northern Europe and Finland Abstract Strong winds caused by powerful extratropical cyclones are one of the most dangerous and damaging weather phenomena in Northern Europe. Stormy winds can generate extreme waves and rise the sea level, which leads occasionally to storm surges in coastal areas. In land areas, strong winds can cause extensive forest damage. In general, windstorms induce annually significant damage for society. Moreover, due to climate change, the frequency and the impacts caused by the windstorms is changing. In this report, we introduce a literature review on the occurrence of strong winds, extratropical cyclones and their impacts in Northern Europe. We present the most important findings on both past trends and current climate on wind speeds and extratropical cyclones based on in-situ measurements and reanalysis data. We also briefly analyse impacts caused by extreme convective weather. Furthermore, we aim to respond to the question on how the wind climate in Northern Europe is going to change in the future under climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • Extreme Wave and Water Level Conditions in the Baltic Sea in January 2005 and Their Reflection in Teaching of Coastal Engineering
    Extreme wave and water level conditions in the Baltic Sea in January 2005 and their reflection in teaching of coastal engineering Tarmo Soomere, Department of mechanics and Institute of Cybernetics at Tallinn University of Technology (email: [email protected]) Terry Healy, University of Waikato (email: [email protected]) Abstract Windstorm Gudrun (January 7–9th 2005, also known as Erwin in some countries) was one of the strongest storms in the Nordic Region of Europe during the last decades. It caused widespread property damage, exceptionally high storm surge levels, and the loss of 18 lives. The storm surge in the Estonian city of Pärnu at the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea reached 275 cm above mean sea level, which is the highest flood ever recorded since regular measurements started in 1824. Extremely rough seas occurred in the north-eastern region of the Baltic Sea. The overall maximum significant wave height was estimated to be about 9.5 m off the coasts of Saaremaa and Latvia. Such wave conditions are extremely rare in this water body. Despite several atypical features of this storm, the reaction of water masses was reasonably forecast 48–54 hours ahead and accurately reproduced in 24–36 hour forecasts in the leading operational oceanographic centres. The lessons learned from this event led to re-launching of routine operational oceanographic services in Estonia and were used in regular courses for students specialising in port and coastal engineering in Tallinn University of Technology, and for students in hydrography at the Estonian Marine Academy a few weeks after the events.
    [Show full text]
  • Eesti Loodus 1/2015
    Linnarebased • Jaanuaritorm 2005 • Talvetulvad • Rahvameteoroloogia • Taliseened • Intervjuu Külli Kalamees-Paniga • Türnpuu nimetus • Tihased EESTI LOODUS JAANUAR 1/2015 Populaarteaduslik ajakiri. Ilmunud 1933. aastast. 3,90 € JAANUAR 1/2015 ISSN 2228-3692 (võrguväljaanne) 2228-3692 ISSN ISSN 0131-5862 (trükis) 0131-5862 ISSN vallutavad linna vallutavad Talvetulvad ja rahva ilmatarkused jarahva Talvetulvad Rebased Talvised seenedjatihased Talvised 2005. aastajaanuaritorm Suurepärane raamat teadmishimulistele! Lehed ja tähed 7. Rännakud ajas, looduses ja teaduses 256 lk, KK Toimetajad Ulvar Käärt ja Indrek Rohtmets Kujundanud Kersti Tormis Väljaandja MTÜ Loodusajakiri Kas kosmoses on peale meie veel elu? Kuidas sai alguse Eesti kosmose- ajastu? Kui kütkestav on maailmamere elurikkus? Miks minna palveränna- kule? Kas mitte austada loomade tundeid? Kuidas avastada viskeoda või kunstniku mõtteid, mis õlimaali alla jäänud? Need on vaid mõned küsi- mused, mida sarja 7. raamatu kaante vahel vaagida saab. Raamat on ilmunud tänu Keskkonnainvesteeringute Keskuse toetusele. Osta suurematest raamatukauplustest või telli kodulehelt www.loodusajakiri.ee Sisukord Punarebane Foto: Mariann Rea 66. aastakäik Nr 1, jaanuar 2015 www.eestiloodus.ee 2 Toimetaja veerg 40 Torm ja tuisk, raju ja maru rahvameteoroloogias 3 Sõnumid Mall Hiiemäe jagab vanarah- vatarkusi, kuidas iseseisvalt 8 Linnarebased ilma vaadelda, ohtu hinnata ja Liivi Plumer ja Urmas Saarma vältida uurivad rebaste muutuvaid elu- paigaeelistusi: üha enam reinu- 44 Tööjuhend. vadereid vahetab
    [Show full text]
  • I Disastri E La Loro Relazione Con Le Foreste. Tre Casi Studio a Supporto Della Gestione Degli Eventi Estremi
    Recensioni FF o o r r e e s s t t @ @ doi: 10.3832/efor3764-018 vol. 18, pp. 15-19 Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale I disastri e la loro relazione con le foreste. Tre casi studio a supporto della gestione degli eventi estremi Ugo Chiavetta (1-2) Book Review: Disasters and their relation with forests – Three case studies to support extreme events management This book review is a reworked and translated version of the synthesis from the report “Forest-related disasters - Three case studies and lessons for mana- gement of extreme events” by H. van Hensbergen and J. Cedergren, published by the Food And Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. The volume describes the complex relationship between disasters and forests, defining the multiple roles that trees play during environmental disasters and how much this affects human activities. After a brief general introduction, the description continues through the analysis of three catastrophic events that occurred since the beginning of this century. The chronicle and the analysis of repercussions on forests and population of the storm Gudrun (Sweden, 2005), the Tohoku tsunami (Japan, 2011) and the firestorm in central Chile (Chile, 2017) are reported. From the synthesis of the three experiences, some les- sons of management of extreme events are drawn, reported as a strategic sug- gestion to face, from a forestry point of view, the planning and reaction to catastrophic emergencies involving forests and trees. Keywords: Forests, Disaster, Catastrophe, Emergency, Fire, Storm, Tsunami Viene proposta, qui di seguito, una sintetica rivisitazione • non esiste una tendenza globale in termini di perdite del report: economiche normalizzate causate da catastrofi negli ul- timi decenni; Van Hensbergen H, Cedergren J (2020).
    [Show full text]