Are Cyclones with Tropical Origin a Risk for Portugal?
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Portugal – an Atlantic Extreme Weather Lab
Portugal – an Atlantic extreme weather lab Nuno Moreira ([email protected]) 6th HIGH-LEVEL INDUSTRY-SCIENCE-GOVERNMENT DIALOGUE ON ATLANTIC INTERACTIONS ALL-ATLANTIC SUMMIT ON INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE MARINE DEVELOPMENT AND THE BLUE ECONOMY: FOSTERING ECONOMIC RECOVERY IN A POST-PANDEMIC WORLD 7th October 2020 Portugal in the track of extreme extra-tropical storms Spatial distribution of positions where rapid cyclogenesis reach their minimum central pressure ECMWF ERA 40 (1958-2000) Events per DJFM season: Source: Trigo, I., 2006: Climatology and interannual variability of storm-tracks in the Euro-Atlantic sector: a comparison between ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses. Climate Dynamics volume 26, pages127–143. Portugal in the track of extreme extra-tropical storms Spatial distribution of positions where rapid cyclogenesis reach their minimum central pressure Azores and mainland Portugal On average: 1 rapid cyclogenesis every 1 or 2 wet seasons ECMWF ERA 40 (1958-2000) Events per DJFM season: Source: Trigo, I., 2006: Climatology and interannual variability of storm-tracks in the Euro-Atlantic sector: a comparison between ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses. Climate Dynamics volume 26, pages127–143. … affected by sting jets of extra-tropical storms… Example of a rapid cyclogenesis with a sting jet over mainland 00:00 UTC, 23 Dec 2009 Source: Pinto, P. and Belo-Pereira, M., 2020: Damaging Convective and Non-Convective Winds in Southwestern Iberia during Windstorm Xola. Atmosphere, 11(7), 692. … affected by sting jets of extra-tropical storms… Example of a rapid cyclogenesis with a sting jet over mainland Maximum wind gusts: Official station 140 km/h Private station 00:00 UTC, 23 Dec 2009 203 km/h (in the most affected area) Source: Pinto, P. -
Documentary Sources to Investigate Multidecadal Variability of Droughts
ISSN 0211-6820 Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 2016 Nº 42 (1) pp. 13-27 EISSN 1697-9540 DOI: 10.18172/cig.2936 © Universidad de La Rioja DOCUMENTARY SOURCES TO INVESTIGATE MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY OF DROUGHTS F. DOMÍNGUEZ-CASTRO1, 2*, R. GARCÍA-HERRERA3, 4 1Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ecuador. 2Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología, Ecuador. 3Dpto. Física de la Tierra II, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. 4IGEO, Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC, UCM), Spain. ABSTRACT. Droughts are probably the natural hazard with the highest socioeconomic impact. Simultaneously, they are a very complex phenomenon; they are triggered by a diversity of physical factors and occur at a variety of time scales. Consequently, the instrumental record currently available is too short and the characterization of its multidecadal variability requires the use of natural proxies (tree rings, sedimentary records) or documentary sources. In this paper we analyse three documentary sources with potential to analyse the long-term variability of droughts: chapter acts, logbooks and chronicles. The chapter acts recorded discussions and decisions made during the assemblies of the local authorities and provide continuous and direct evidence on drought impacts. They are especially useful to study droughts between the 15th and the 19th centuries in Europe and the 17th to 18th in the former colonies. Logbooks recorded the meteorological conditions and the incidents occurred during navigation. They provide indirect information through the circulation indices that can be very helpful to understand the mechanisms and teleconnections associated to droughts. Finally, the chronicles are historiographical documents describing political and social events. They are secondary sources and the references to climatic events are discontinuous, thus their analysis must be extremely careful, but they are especially useful to study specific drought events especially prior to 15th century when no other sources are available. -
Estimation of Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge Risks Along the Coast of Estonia, Baltic Sea – a Tool for Coastal Management
Littoral 2010, 12005 (2011) DOI:10.1051/litt/201112005 © Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2011 Estimation of sea level rise and storm surge risks along the coast of Estonia, Baltic Sea – a tool for coastal management Ülo Suursaar, Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, [email protected] Jaak Jaagus, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, [email protected] Tiit Kullas, Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, [email protected] Hannes Tõnisson, Institute of Ecology at Tallinn University, [email protected] Abstract The aim of the paper is to present statistical analysis of the sea level data obtained from the Estonian coastal tide gauges over the period 1842–2009, to assess storm surge risks and to discuss climate change related mitigation and management issues in the coastal zone of Estonia. Long-term variations of both mean and extreme sea level values were studied in the Eastern section of the nearly tideless Baltic Sea. Influenced by postglacial land uplift, the series of relative sea level displayed slightly varying trends. The remarkably steep rise in annual maximum sea levels (2–12 mm/yr) could be explained by the local response to the changing regional wind climate. Due to its windward location, the sea level variations in the semi-enclosed study area are sensitive to the changes in cyclonic activity. Maximum value analysis revealed that in case of the south-westerly exposed Pärnu Bay, two storm surge events (253 in 1967 and 275 cm in 2005) were inconsistent with the theoretical distributions, which indicate that, in some locations, the most extreme sea level events are hardly predictable by means of return statistics. -
UNDERSTANDING the GENESIS of HURRICANE VINCE THROUGH the SURFACE PRESSURE TENDENCY EQUATION Kwan-Yin Kong City College of New York 1 1
9B.4 UNDERSTANDING THE GENESIS OF HURRICANE VINCE THROUGH THE SURFACE PRESSURE TENDENCY EQUATION Kwan-yin Kong City College of New York 1 1. INTRODUCTION 20°W Hurricane Vince was one of the many extraordinary hurricanes that formed in the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. Unlike Katrina, Rita, and Wilma, Vince was remarkable not because of intensity, nor the destruction it inflicted, but because of its defiance to our current understandings of hurricane formation. Vince formed in early October of 2005 in the far North Atlantic Ocean and acquired characteristics of a hurricane southeast of the Azores, an area previously unknown to hurricane formation. Figure 1 shows a visible image taken at 14:10 UTC on 9 October 2005 when Vince was near its peak intensity. There is little doubt that a hurricane with an eye surrounded by convection is located near 34°N, 19°W. A buoy located under the northern eyewall of the hurricane indicated a sea-surface temperature (SST) of 22.9°C, far below what is considered to be the 30°N minimum value of 26°C for hurricane formation (see insert of Fig. 3f). In March of 2004, a first-documented hurricane in the South Atlantic Ocean also formed over SST below this Figure 1 Color visible image taken at 14:10 UTC 9 October 2005 by Aqua. 26°C threshold off the coast of Brazil. In addition, cyclones in the Mediterranean and polar lows in sub-arctic seas had been synoptic flow serves to “steer” the forward motion of observed to acquire hurricane characteristics. -
Teadusmõte Eestis (Vii)
TEADUSMÕTE EESTIS (VII) MERI. JÄRVED. RANNIK TALLINN 2011 TEADUSMÕTE EESTIS (VII) MERI. JÄRVED. RANNIK Tarmo Soomere (vastutav toimetaja), Tiina Nõges Helle-Liis Help, Siiri Jakobson, Ülle Rebo, Galina Varlamova ISSN 1736-5015 978-9949-9203-2-7 (trükis) ISBN 978-9949-9203-3-4 (pdf) © EESTI TEADUSTE AKADEEMIA Facta non solum verba SISUKORD Sissejuhatus Tarmo Soomere, Tiina Nõges . 7 Populatsioonid, kooslused ja ökosüsteemid muutuvates loodus- ja inimmõju tingimustes Jonne Kotta, Henn Ojaveer. 13 Kuidas kliimamuutus mõjutab järvede elustikku ja aineringeid? Tiina Nõges, Peeter Nõges . 25 Ekstreemsete ilmastikunähtuste ja kohaliku inimtegevuse koosmõju Peipsi kaladele Külli Kangur, Kai Ginter, Andu Kangur, Peeter Kangur, Kati Orru, Tõnu Möls. 37 Tuulevälja muutumine Läänemere kirdeosas viimase poolsajandi jooksul Sirje Keevallik . 49 Tuulekliima muutuste mõju Eesti rannikumere veetaseme-, hoovuste- ja lainerežiimile Ülo Suursaar . 59 Läänemere lainekliima Eesti ranniku kontekstis Tarmo Soomere . 69 Eesti ranniku uurimine ja problemaatika Are Kont, Kaarel Orviku, Hannes Tõnisson . 83 Lainepõhised ohud rannavööndis Ira Didenkulova. 103 Päikesevalgus vees kui oluline mõjufaktor veekogude ökosüsteemi kujunemisel Helgi Arst . 117 Globaal- ja regionaalprobleemide lahendamine kaugseire meetoditega Tiit Kutser, Ele Vahtmäe, Liisa Metsamaa, Birgot Paavel . 137 Bakterite ökoloogia Eestiga seotud vesistes keskkondades Veljo Kisand . 157 4 Ka järvesetted kõnelevad – paleolimnoloogilistest uuringutest Eestis viimasel kümnendil Liisa Puusepp . 171 Ülemiste -
Phd Literature Review
Measuring Media Coverage of Electricity Public Policy in New Zealand for the period 2006-2007 : A new approach Jeanette Susan Elley A thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2014 Institute of Public Policy Faculty of Culture and Society Primary Supervisor : Marilyn J. Waring Second Supervisor: L. Grant Duncan Contents Contents 2 List of Figures 5 List of Tables 10 List of Example Articles 11 Attestation of Authorship 12 Acknowledgements 13 Abstract 14 Chapter 1 – Introduction 16 1.1 Overview 16 1.2 Fields of Investigation 20 1.3 Chapter Guide 23 Chapter 2 – Literature Review 24 2.1 Introduction 24 2.2 Media Context 24 2.3 Political Economy and Electricity 53 2.4 Comparable Studies 83 2.5 Conclusion 100 Chapter 3 – Categorisation Framework 102 3.1 Introduction 102 3.2 Constructing the Categorisation Framework 103 3.3 Issues Affecting the Electricity Sector 119 3.4 Combined Influences on Electricity Sector Policy 126 3.5 Comparisons with Other Models 128 3.6 Conclusion 140 2 Chapter 4 – Research Design 142 4.1 Introduction 142 4.2 Methodology 144 4.3 Research Process 159 4.4 Categorisation 181 4.5 Key Indicators 213 4.6 Processing Features 227 4.7 Article Selection 256 4.8 Conclusion 272 Chapter 5 – Data 273 5.1 Overview 273 5.2 Topic Set Results 279 5.3 Case Study Results 309 5.4 Parameter Set Results 328 5.5 Conclusion 351 Chapter 6 – Discussion 355 6.1 Introduction 355 6.2 Addressing Thesis Questions 356 6.3 Case Study Analysis 363 6.4 Other -
Reply to Referees
Reply to referees - WCD-2020-54 - "A numerical study to investigate the roles of former hurricane Leslie, orography, and evaporative cooling in the 2018 Aude heavy precipitation event" We thank the referees for their thoughtful comments, which we have addressed below. Comments from referees are in italics 5 and our response is in upright font. Parts added to the manuscript are in blue and deleted parts are in red. Lines refer to the lines of the preprint. Reply to anonymous referee #1 Generic comments This study investigates the mesoscale dynamics of the heavy precipitation event affecting the Aude region during 10 the heavy precipitation event of the 14-15 October 2018. After a (too ?) long and detailed description, the roles of former hurricane Leslie, the orography, and evaporative cooling are examined. The interaction of the incoming trough and surface cyclone with the orography helped the convective activity focusing west of the quasi-stationary cold front and downwind of the Albera Massif. Leslie’s remnants are involved in the formation of the second cold front CF2 and contributed to the supply of low-level conditionally unstable air in the second part of the event. 15 However, the grater contribution to the precipitation over the Aude department mainly originated from moisture coming from the Mediterranean Sea. Finally evaporative cooling did not seem to play a substantial role in the dynamics but only in the control of the total simulated amount of precip. The paper is well written and clearly structured however I feel it sometimes goes too long in the description of the dynamics of the event in a dispropor- tionate way compared to the focus of the research. -
ANNUAL SUMMARY Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005
MARCH 2008 ANNUAL SUMMARY 1109 ANNUAL SUMMARY Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005 JOHN L. BEVEN II, LIXION A. AVILA,ERIC S. BLAKE,DANIEL P. BROWN,JAMES L. FRANKLIN, RICHARD D. KNABB,RICHARD J. PASCH,JAMIE R. RHOME, AND STACY R. STEWART Tropical Prediction Center, NOAA/NWS/National Hurricane Center, Miami, Florida (Manuscript received 2 November 2006, in final form 30 April 2007) ABSTRACT The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the most active of record. Twenty-eight storms occurred, includ- ing 27 tropical storms and one subtropical storm. Fifteen of the storms became hurricanes, and seven of these became major hurricanes. Additionally, there were two tropical depressions and one subtropical depression. Numerous records for single-season activity were set, including most storms, most hurricanes, and highest accumulated cyclone energy index. Five hurricanes and two tropical storms made landfall in the United States, including four major hurricanes. Eight other cyclones made landfall elsewhere in the basin, and five systems that did not make landfall nonetheless impacted land areas. The 2005 storms directly caused nearly 1700 deaths. This includes approximately 1500 in the United States from Hurricane Katrina— the deadliest U.S. hurricane since 1928. The storms also caused well over $100 billion in damages in the United States alone, making 2005 the costliest hurricane season of record. 1. Introduction intervals for all tropical and subtropical cyclones with intensities of 34 kt or greater; Bell et al. 2000), the 2005 By almost all standards of measure, the 2005 Atlantic season had a record value of about 256% of the long- hurricane season was the most active of record. -
The Rain in Portugal Ebook, Epub
THE RAIN IN PORTUGAL PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Billy Collins | 128 pages | 26 Jan 2017 | Pan MacMillan | 9781509834259 | English | London, United Kingdom The Rain in Portugal PDF Book It can still rain but exceptionally rare. Research Data Media Blog. Due to the topography of the island, you can find different climates on the island. Businesses need to continue their drive towards a zero-carbon future, while at the same time increasing the pace and scale of the transition, while governments need to increase the ambition of their national emissions reduction plans to ensure an enabling environment for rapid and widespread progress. Chaos Unleashed. From New York Times bestselling author and acclaimed videogame writer Drew Karpyshyn comes the third and final novel in an original epic fantasy trilogy for fans of Terry Anytime I can spend time with the words of Billy Collins, life is good. Inspired by Your Browsing History. Richly imagined, gothically spooky, and replete with the ingenious storytelling ability of a born novelist, The Good Thief introduces one of the most appealing young heroes in contemporary fiction and ratifies Hannah Tinti as one of our most exciting new Become a Member Start earning points for buying books! View Product. When I was young, August always brought such events to our doorstep. Sign in to Purchase Instantly. Later, the news clarified that this huge shadow cast across the British capital — some miles away — was in fact caused by the smoke and soot of the wildfires in Portugal, transported by the winds of Hurricane Ophelia. He lives in Florida with his wife Suzannah. -
A Middle Miocene Carbonate Embankment on an Active Volcanic Slope: Ilhéu De Baixo, Madeira Archipelago, Eastern Atlantic
GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL Geol. J. 49:90–106 (2014) Published online 3 May 2013 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/gj.2513 A Middle Miocene carbonate embankment on an active volcanic slope: Ilhéu de Baixo, Madeira Archipelago, Eastern Atlantic B. GUDVEIG BAARLI1*, MÁRIO CACHÃO2, CARLOS M. DA SILVA2, MARKES E. JOHNSON1, EDUARDO J. MAYORAL3 and ANA SANTOS3 1Department of Geosciences, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA 2Departamento de Geologia e Centro de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal 3Departamento de Geodinámica y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain Carbonate factories on insular oceanic islands in active volcanic settings are poorly explored. This case study illuminates marginal limestone deposits on a steep volcanic flank and their recurring interruption by deposits linked to volcaniclastic processes. Historically known as Ilhéu da Cal (Lime Island), Ilhéu de Baixo was separated from Porto Santo, in the Madeira Archipelago, during the course of the Quaternary. Here, extensive mines were tunnelled in the Miocene carbonate strata for the production of slaked lime. Approximately 10 000 m3 of calcarenite (À1 to 1ø) was removed by hand labour from the Blandy Brothers mine at the south end of the islet. Investigations of two stratigraphic sections at opposite ends of the mine reveal that the quarried material represents an incipient carbonate ramp developed from east to west and embanked against the flank of a volcanic island. A petrographic analysis of limestones from the mine shows that coralline red algae from crushed rhodoliths account for 51% of all identifiable bioclasts. This material was transported shoreward and deposited on the ramp between normal wave base and storm wave base at moderate depths. -
MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO Diploma Thesis
MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Declaration I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. I agree with the placing of this thesis in the library of the Faculty of Education at the Masaryk University and with the access for academic purposes. Brno, 30th March 2018 …………………………………………. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. for his kind help and constant guidance throughout my work. Bc. Lukáš Opavský OPAVSKÝ, Lukáš. Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis; Diploma Thesis. Brno: Masaryk University, Faculty of Education, English Language and Literature Department, 2018. XX p. Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Annotation The purpose of this thesis is an analysis of a corpus comprising of opening sentences of articles collected from the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia. Four different quality categories from Wikipedia were chosen, from the total amount of eight, to ensure gathering of a representative sample, for each category there are fifty sentences, the total amount of the sentences altogether is, therefore, two hundred. The sentences will be analysed according to the Firabsian theory of functional sentence perspective in order to discriminate differences both between the quality categories and also within the categories. -
Capital Adequacy (E) Task Force RBC Proposal Form
Capital Adequacy (E) Task Force RBC Proposal Form [ ] Capital Adequacy (E) Task Force [ x ] Health RBC (E) Working Group [ ] Life RBC (E) Working Group [ ] Catastrophe Risk (E) Subgroup [ ] Investment RBC (E) Working Group [ ] SMI RBC (E) Subgroup [ ] C3 Phase II/ AG43 (E/A) Subgroup [ ] P/C RBC (E) Working Group [ ] Stress Testing (E) Subgroup DATE: 08/31/2020 FOR NAIC USE ONLY CONTACT PERSON: Crystal Brown Agenda Item # 2020-07-H TELEPHONE: 816-783-8146 Year 2021 EMAIL ADDRESS: [email protected] DISPOSITION [ x ] ADOPTED WG 10/29/20 & TF 11/19/20 ON BEHALF OF: Health RBC (E) Working Group [ ] REJECTED NAME: Steve Drutz [ ] DEFERRED TO TITLE: Chief Financial Analyst/Chair [ ] REFERRED TO OTHER NAIC GROUP AFFILIATION: WA Office of Insurance Commissioner [ ] EXPOSED ________________ ADDRESS: 5000 Capitol Blvd SE [ ] OTHER (SPECIFY) Tumwater, WA 98501 IDENTIFICATION OF SOURCE AND FORM(S)/INSTRUCTIONS TO BE CHANGED [ x ] Health RBC Blanks [ x ] Health RBC Instructions [ ] Other ___________________ [ ] Life and Fraternal RBC Blanks [ ] Life and Fraternal RBC Instructions [ ] Property/Casualty RBC Blanks [ ] Property/Casualty RBC Instructions DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE(S) Split the Bonds and Misc. Fixed Income Assets into separate pages (Page XR007 and XR008). REASON OR JUSTIFICATION FOR CHANGE ** Currently the Bonds and Misc. Fixed Income Assets are included on page XR007 of the Health RBC formula. With the implementation of the 20 bond designations and the electronic only tables, the Bonds and Misc. Fixed Income Assets were split between two tabs in the excel file for use of the electronic only tables and ease of printing. However, for increased transparency and system requirements, it is suggested that these pages be split into separate page numbers beginning with year-2021.