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Air Quality Law AVOSETTA MEETING 24TH & 25TH MAY 2019 Country Questionnaire Responses: Air Quality Law 1 1 2 a) 3 4 A sources Reported exceedances Completeness Infringement Prior law of data proceedings No2+PM10 yes yes 2009 (closed) No 2016 (pending) Austria Most below (O3) Real time online reporting Yes 2009 (closed) Only for lead 2018 (pending) Belgium PM- solid fuels, real time online reporting Yes 2015, 2016, 208 (pending) 1991 industry, coal, (including 2019) energy non renewables traffic Czech R Czech NOx traffic NOX and PM Only private exceedances 2016 exceedance of NOx Same as EU are sanctioned if and siting of station k infringement of IPPC (pending) Denmar permit or after adm order. NO2 transport Annual reports Reasoned opinion in 2010, yes PM residential 2013 (PM10), and 2017 (NO2) France 2018 Pending case PM (agriculture) Yes online for 2017 2018 Nox (pending) No (only emission NOX (traffic energy) Legal change (driving setting approach) prohibitions are now disproportional when AQS Germany are almost meet) weakens standards and EC did nothing Energy, industry, Annual reports Not available in 2019 No (?) heating, agriculture Daily online real time (Q8) PM Greece PM (residential Reports Automated data Yes still pending Yes? heating) and NOx Mostly compliance are transparent (traffic) Manual monitoring does not represent Hungary the real problmes 1 excedence in EPA reports no yes 2009 NOx Exceedences of WHO PM, NOx, O3 Ireland Ilegal agricultural burning PM2,5 and NOx Accessible in yearly 2018 PM10 Yes (mere reports 2017 NO2 transposition) Italy Traffic There were exceedances (delayed 2009 (pending) No Domestic heating information NOx PM 2014 Q8.) Latvia 2 1 2 a) 3 4 B sources Reported Completeness of Infringement Prior law exceedances data proceedings traffic, fireplaces, industry, Hard to find data 2014 Efta case No ships and ferries (Norway lost) Significant effects, new policy Norway measures Commercial and residential Inspection 2009 PM Yes, in line (PM) Monitoring exceedances with previous Transport Judgement 2018 directives Installations (failed to fulfil) Energy Will require through Poland revision Amendments under way The worst are: Before 2019: No alerts for 2012. National yes PM (industry) outdated information, exceedances. infringement was NOx traffic and heating. too technical Reports on efforts declared but did not SO2 (energy) information. Repeats rather than on reflect the full extent EU information results of exceedances. Portugal After 2019: new No practical effects website Nox Yearly reports no Yes (emission PM values) Traffic Spain PM NOx Information available not very 2011 No Traffic, heating online accessible tables 2014 EU pilot NO2 Suffer from pollution 2019 (no originated in the UK (will transposition NOx Sweden remain after Brexit!) and O3) eastern countries NOx PM O3 (Q7) Available online … -- Measurements Mobile app « air begun in the Check » 60s Switzerland NOx (road traffic) Reported to the EC. No (deadlines There were PM10 (farming and ports) postponed) some prior AQ standards Netherlands PM10, So2, No2 (power Annual reports. -- Yes emission plants, transport, residential Online data values heating, fertilizer production) Turkey No2 (power, industry, 43, 37 exceeded No2, 2 databases 2018 No. transport), O3 benzopyrene 34 exceeded for O3 The effect is UK drawing up a lawful plan 3 5 6 7 8 9 implementation Gold plating Monitoring Monitoring Modelling A networks problems Federal law implemented Yes but Larger Quality but n.a. by the lander controversial siting Austria Regional regulations No but other Today there are Bad siting Street level (literal) pollutants are less stations than (preliminary ruling modelling monitored before 2017) No reporting to Belgium European Commission Authorities are bound by Yes, PM10 alert corresponds Bad siting and no limit values thresholds equipment in bad condition Czech R Czech “environmental demands no Same criteria Bad siting no without an addressee”. No Small territory sanctions (even 2017) Env Protection Denmark act+ministerial Statutory order Transposed yes 650 yes France Government (not no Ipsis verbis Bad siting too close to no parliament) Discussion on bad pollution sources sitting vandalism Germany Transposed no 33 Undersized network, no corresponds not all pollutants are measured all the time No measurement of general population Greece exposure Transposition Yes Sox Nox 52 Stations out of order no corresponds Data missing for long term Data not real Hungary Transposition NO 31 stations (but n. Few staff, insufficient Should be A framework structure will increase). equipment, outdated upscaled oversees the Citizen science locations, insufficient implementation of the realtime reporting Ireland monitoring programme Transposed No Same criteria No problem is Similar to officially admitted directive Italy Standards+ permits No but WHO Respects EU Siting sampling points Modelling based guidelines are criteria for number on presumptions taken into account of sampling point Latvia 4 5 6 7 8 9 implementation Gold plating Monitoring Monitoring problems Modelling B networks Law (pollution control Yes, PM1o and Yes compliance Small number of stations Modelling is regulation) PM25 with AQD Differences between recent. seasons There are Norway guidelines on best practices Transposition. no Number of … Not used administrative fines for agglomerations negligence in the was reduced preparation and (from 170 to 46) implementation of air Poland protection programs and short-term action plans Risk of pollution of transborder origin Administrative sanctions no Larger number Bad siting, obsolete Yes, bad (fines and additional of stations equipment, unconfirmed modelling sanctions). Shortage of results, no consequences. techniques Portugal human resources Transposition No, but 800 stations Bad siting. Regional autonomous discrepancies. Scarce data communities collection. Spain may go beyond Transposition Yes, NO2 No problems Monitoring by authorities No problems that don’t have resources (Municipalities) Sweden … Hard to no No no compare but goes beyond EU Switzerland Transposition No 40 stations Not enough data in Surprising densely populated areas. outcomes Quality of data varies. Netherlands Transposition no Funded by EU Bad siting. Data not No information Not entirely in reliable. Insufficient data. conformity Unqualified equipment Turkey Transposition Minor More extensive Inconsistent results, bad Inconsistencies differences siting. (Citizen science Prospective measurements are more modelling is UK accurate) particularly difficult 5 10 11 12 13 14 Plans Key measures and Short term plan Bodies coordination A weaknesses Lander yes Transport, agriculture, Currently no Governors (rule) No but National no energy, buildings Federal minister exceptionally (exception) yes Austria Regional yes Industries, combustibles, Yes Brussels Regional Yes, during National no heating, fuel tax governments crisis differentiation and incentives. Belgium 2018 low emission zones Not national, only for Subsidies to change old No, but measures National (Minister of Yes, between zones and boilers are adopted: slowing the env.) and air and building agglomerations Public Low emission zones down factories and regional (air authorities can challenge plans in Not granting permits to interdicting traffic protection Czech administrative courts for prevent industrial pollution during crisis authorities) non-compliance hotspots (effective tool) 1 for NOx in Plans are not binding no EPA No but some Copenhagen coordination with building sector Denmark Yes. National Public aid (vehicles, Not but the National (Ministry of interministerial plan on the households), taxation and government was ecological reduction of atmospheric restrictions (transports), called by the transition) and pollutants emissions regulations (agriculture) Court to take all Regions (prefet) France necessary measures 161 AQP Older cars are not allowed in Several in force Regional states Yes with traffic inner cities (“Environmental (measures: (Lander) and city zones”). Courts ordered banning heavy But can delegate in planning authorities to ban traffic in traffic from municipalities authorities inner city environmental Germany Ridicule measures (driving zones”) restrictions on single streets) no BAT not observed by yes Central (min. env.) no powerplants, tax incentives for and regional renewables in heating, financial incentives to replace Greece old cars, public transport Yes for PM10 Residential yard waste Yes but some Minister of env., yes burning strictly forbiden were inexecutable National Transporta Smog alert authority, local authorities and Hungary Mayors No 3 general laws No Department of yes Residential heating with coal agriculture, ban in cities and larger environment, culture Ireland towns EPA, local authorities Not national Transport, industry No State (Ministry of Permanent Several regional for the the env.) coordination areas with detected Regions team Italy exceedances Mayors (urgent deliberations) Only one regional plan Traffic (no clean air zones no Shared competence no (Riga) yet), public transport Minister env+local (electrification), cycling, governments Latvia centralized heating, industry, ports, management 6 10 11 12 13 14 B Plans Key measures and weaknesses Short term plan Bodies coordination National Economic incentives (exemptions of road no Central government (3 General guidelines tolls and taxes for electric cars and ministries: env. Health, governance Local plans subsidies for fireplaces), lowering speed transport)
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