Instantáneas DOSSIER Nº 4
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Exploring the Role of Epistemic Communities in Nuclear Non-Proliferation Outcomes
Politics & The Bomb: Exploring the Role of Epistemic Communities in Nuclear Non-Proliferation Outcomes. Sara Zahra Kutchesfahani UCL Department of Political Science Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science October 2010 DECLARATION I, Sara Zahra Kutchesfahani, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Sara Zahra Kutchesfahani ii ABSTRACT The role of epistemic communities in influencing policy formulation is underexplored in International Relations theory in general and in nuclear non-proliferation studies in particular. This thesis explores how epistemic communities – groups of experts knowledgeable in niche issue areas – have affected nuclear non-proliferation policy formulation in two important and under-studied cases: the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC) and the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program. It demonstrates that applying an epistemic community approach provides explanatory power heretofore lacking in explanations of these cases’ origins. The thesis applies the epistemic community framework to non-proliferation, using Haas’ (1992) seminal exploration of epistemic communities in the context of natural scientific and environmental policies. Specifically, it analyses the creation and successful implementation of ABACC and the CTR Program, which, respectively, verified the non-nuclear weapon status of Argentina and Brazil and facilitated the denuclearisation of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine. These cooperative nuclear non- proliferation agreements are shown to be the result of a process involving substantial input and direction from experts constituting epistemic communities. The thesis explores the differences in the emergence, composition, and influence mechanisms of the epistemic communities behind ABACC and the CTR Program. -
The 'Argentine Problem' : an Analysis of Political Instability in a Modern Society
THE 'ARGENTINE PROBLEM7: AN ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY IN A MODERN SOCIETY Alphonse Victor Mallette B.A., University of Lethbridge, 1980 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS @ Alphonse Victor Mallette 1986 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY June, 1986 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, proJect or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for flnanclal gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/Project/Extended Essay Author: -. - rJ (date) -.-.--ABSTRACT This thesis is designed to explain, through political and historical analysis, a phenomenon identified by scholars of pol- itical development as the "Argentine Problem". Argentina is seen as a paradox, a nation which does not display the political stab- ility commensurate with its level of socio-economic development. The work also seeks to examine the origins and policies of the most serious manifestation of dictatorial rule in the nation's history, the period of military power from 1976 to 1983. -
St Antony's/Macmillan Series
ST ANTONY'S/MACMILLAN SERIES General editors: Archie Brown (1978-85) and Rosemary Thorp (1985- ), both Fellows of St Antony's College, Oxford Roy Allison FINLAND'S RELATIONS WITH THE SOVIET UNION, 1944-84 Said Amir Arjomand (editor) FROM NATIONALISM TO REVOLUTIONARY ISLAM Anders Åslund PRIVATE ENTERPRISE IN EASTERN EUROPE Orner Bartov THE EASTERN FRONT, 1941-45, GERMAN TROOPS AND THE BARBARISATION OF WARFARE Gail Lee Bernstein and Haruhiro Fukui (editors) JAPAN AND THE WORLD Archie Brown (editor) POLITICAL CULTURE AND COMMUNIST STUDIES Archie Brown (editor) POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND THE SOVIET UNION Archie Brown and Michael Kaser (editors) SOVIET POLICY FOR THE 1980s S. B. Burman CHIEFDOM POLITICS AND ALIEN LAW Helen Callaway GENDER, CULTURE AND EMPIRE Renfrew Christie ELECTRICITY, INDUSTRY AND CLASS IN SOUTH AFRICA Robert O. Collins and FrancisM. Deng (editors) THE BRITISH IN THE SUDAN, 1898-1956 Roger Couter (editor) STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE Maria D'Alva G. Kinzo LEGAL OPPOSITION POLITICS UNDER AUTHORITARIAN RULE IN BRAZIL Wilhelm Deist THE WEHRMACHT AND GERMAN REARMAMENT Robert Desjardins THE SOVIET UNION THROUGH FRENCH EYES, 1945-85 Guido di Tella ARGENTINA UNDER PERÓN, 1973-76 Guido di Tella and Rudiger Dornbusch (editors) THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ARGENTINA, 1946-83 Guido di Tella and D. C. M. Platt (editors) THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ARGENTINA, 1880-1946 Simon Duke US DEFENCE BASES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM Julius A. Elias PLATO'S DEFENCE OF POETRY Ricardo Ffrench-Davis and Ernesto Tironi (editors) LATIN AMERICA AND THE NEW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER David Footman ANTONIN BESSE OF ADEN Bohdan Harasymiw POLITICAL ELITE RECRUITMENT IN THE SOVIET UNION Neil Harding (editor) THE STATE IN SOCIALIST SOCIETY Richard Holt SPORT AND SOCIETY IN MODERN FRANCE Albert Hourani EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST Albert Hourani THE EMERGENCE OF THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST J. -
In Argentina: Antisemitism, Exclusion, and the Formation of Argentine Nationalism and Identity in the 20Th Century and During Military Rule (1976-1983)
Bowdoin College Bowdoin Digital Commons Honors Projects Student Scholarship and Creative Work 2021 The Jewish “Other” in Argentina: Antisemitism, Exclusion, and the Formation of Argentine Nationalism and Identity in the 20th Century and during Military Rule (1976-1983) Marcus Helble Bowdoin College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/honorsprojects Part of the Jewish Studies Commons, and the Latin American History Commons Recommended Citation Helble, Marcus, "The Jewish “Other” in Argentina: Antisemitism, Exclusion, and the Formation of Argentine Nationalism and Identity in the 20th Century and during Military Rule (1976-1983)" (2021). Honors Projects. 235. https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/honorsprojects/235 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship and Creative Work at Bowdoin Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of Bowdoin Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Jewish “Other” in Argentina: Antisemitism, Exclusion, and the Formation of Argentine Nationalism and Identity in the 20th Century and during Military Rule (1976-1983) An Honors Paper for the Department of History By Marcus Helble Bowdoin College, 2021 ©2021 Marcus Helble Dedication To my parents, Rebecca and Joseph. Thank you for always supporting me in all my academic pursuits. And to my grandfather. Your life experiences sparked my interest in Jewish history and immigration. Thank you -
Según Lo Expuesto En Los Textos De Verónica Beyreuther Y Luis A
Según lo expuesto en los textos de Verónica El gobierno de la Revolución Libertadora se originó en un Beyreuther y Luis A. Romero, la llamada Revolución F golpe de Estado que terminó con el gobierno de Perón, Libertadora (1955-1958), debería ser considerada que había sido democráticamente electo. como parte de un régimen político semidemocrático. Luis A. Romero sostiene que en 1957 la Revolución Libertadora empezó a organizar su retiro y restablecer F La Libertadora había proscripto al peronismo la democracia con apoyo peronista Luis A. Romero sostiene que el poder del presidente Los votos eran prestados y las FFAA no confiaban en él V Arturo Frondizi (1958-1962) era precario por su acuerdo con Perón Al asumir la presidencia, el presidente Frondizi cumplió Frondizi sólo buscó obtener los votos que Perón podía el acuerdo que había hecho con Perón para conseguir F aportarle para ganar las elecciones. Una vez en el poder, su apoyo electoral no levantó las proscripciones como había prometido. Según Romero la política económica del gobierno de El gobierno de Illia puso especial énfasis en políticas Arturo Illia combinaba criterios básicos del populismo V económicas de redistribución y apoyo al mercado interno. reformista con elementos keynesianos. Según Luis A. Romero, el dominio de Vandor sobre sindicatos y organizaciones políticas peronistas lo llevó F Vandor pretendía institucionalizar al peronismo sin Perón. al sometimiento a Perón Según Luis A Romero el gobierno de la Revolución Argentina (1966-1973) se inició con un shock V Se disolvió el parlamento y los partidos políticos autoritario Según Luis Alberto Romero el Cordobazo (1969) fue Fue el episodio fundador de una ola de movilización social generador de cambios en la participación política y V y del nacimiento de un nuevo activismo sindical social Según Luis A. -
Falkland Islands War: Diplomatic Failure in April 1982
The Falkland Islands War: Diplomatic Failure in April 1982 By Joseph Mauro Wake Forest University The fate of over 1,000 souls was decided in April 1982. On April 2, Argentine Special Forces invaded and occupied the British Falkland Islands. For the next month, Britain and Argentina tried to resolve the conflict diplomatically. United States Secretary of State Alexander Haig served as mediator, shuttling multiple times between London and Buenos Aires. Haig and his team tried to develop a document to which both the Argentine military junta, led by President Leopoldo Galtieri, and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher could agree. However, despite long hours in negotiations and a genuine desire of both sides to avoid war, agreement was never reached. The British counterattacked on May 1, and the fighting that resulted saw 1,054 soldiers and seamen die.1 Diplomacy in the Falkland Islands failed for a number of reasons. First, the negotiations were flawed, both in Haig’s uneasy position as mediator and the junta’s unreliable decision- making process. In addition, each side misunderstood the other. The Argentines never believed the British would counterattack and the British struggled to believe that Argentina wanted a peaceful solution. The possibility of oil under the islands also may have played a role. However, the most important impediment to diplomatic success was the fact that neither side was able to compromise enough to prevent war. The main reasons for this inflexibility were two-fold: both leaders needed to appear strong to remain in power, and the political climate at the time, especially in terms of diplomatic principles relating to the Cold War, prevented the British from yielding to the minimum Argentine demands. -
Constructing and Contesting the Echo Chamber: a Study of Print Media Discourse on the Final Year of the 1976-1983 Dictatorship in Argentina
Constructing and contesting the echo chamber: A study of print media discourse on the final year of the 1976-1983 dictatorship in Argentina Muireann Prendergast This thesis is submitted in part fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisors: Professor Helen Kelly-Holmes Dr. David Atkinson Submitted to the University of Limerick, September 2018 i External Examiner: Prof. Michał Krzyżanowski, University of Liverpool and University of Örebro Internal Examiner: Dr. Cinta Ramblado, University of Limerick ii ABSTRACT For post-dictatorship countries attempting to come to terms with and understand their past, historical media studies have a particularly important role to play. In identifying discursive strategies, objective and subjective versions of events, and key social actors, they not only contribute to the linguistic debate on how "meaning" is produced in media but can have wider implications at the societal level in the construction of "collective memory" and identity (Achugar, 2007). The 1982-1983 period marked the end of a brutal dictatorship, Argentina’s Proceso de Reorganización Nacional (National Reorganization Process) and a difficult period of transition to democracy for the country following defeat in the 1982 Falklands/Malvinas War. Using a Critical Discourse Analysis framework, this research project analyses the role of the print media in both sustaining and challenging the dictatorship in Argentina during its period of crisis. The methodological approach of this study is mixed, combining the qualitative principles of the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) (Reisigl and Wodak, 2009) with a quantitative corpus-assisted discourse analysis of newspapers that supported the regime. Furthermore, a Synchronic-Diachronic method developed by Argentinean linguist Pardo (2008, 2010) for specific application to her country’s media is employed for qualitative study of newspaper discourse opposing the dictatorship, while a multimodal analytical framework is applied to the political cartoons of the period. -
La Descomposición Del Poder Militar En La Argentina. Las Fuerzas Armadas Durante Las Presidencias De Galtieri, Bignone Y Alfonsín (1981-1987)∗
La descomposición del poder militar en la Argentina. Las Fuerzas Armadas durante las presidencias de Galtieri, Bignone y Alfonsín (1981-1987)∗ Paula Canelo No existen en la historia de los hombres paréntesis inexplicables. Y es precisamente en los períodos de “excepción”, en esos momentos molestos y desagradables que las sociedades pretenden olvidar, colocar entre paréntesis, donde aparecen sin mediaciones ni atenuantes, los secretos y las vergüenzas del poder cotidiano. Pilar Calveiro (1998) Introducción La normalidad nada prueba, la excepción, todo. Es en los períodos de crisis de las pautas normales de desenvolvimiento de las sociedades donde es posible encontrar los fundamentos mismos de la normalidad; es allí, en los momentos donde el poder tambalea, donde se revelan los criterios “normales” del ejercicio del poder. La última dictadura militar, autodenominada “Proceso de Reorganización Nacional” constituyó, en efecto, un momento de excepción y de quiebre en el devenir histórico de la sociedad argentina. Durante su período de máximo poderío, el correspondiente a la primera presidencia del general Videla (1976-1978), el régimen logró concretar gran parte de sus objetivos refundacionales mediante la implementación del terrorismo estatal y de la política económica del ministro Martínez de Hoz. Sostenida por un férreo aislamiento de la misma sociedad sobre la que implementaba la política represiva más devastadora de la historia argentina, y cohesionada tras la construcción de un enemigo “subversivo” omnipresente, la alianza cívico-militar que llevó adelante el proyecto dictatorial avanzó significativamente en la desarticulación de la sociedad de posguerra. Sin embargo, lejos de conformar un todo monolítico, la contradictoria alianza entre militares y civiles liberales comenzó a demostrar síntomas de agotamiento a poco de andar. -
Maine Campus April 23 1985 Maine Campus Staff
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Maine Campus Archives University of Maine Publications Spring 4-23-1985 Maine Campus April 23 1985 Maine Campus Staff Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainecampus Repository Citation Staff, Maine Campus, "Maine Campus April 23 1985" (1985). Maine Campus Archives. 1709. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainecampus/1709 This Other is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maine Campus Archives by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 'goy/Maine Campus vol. XCV1 no. LX1 The University of Maine at Orono student newspaper since 1875 Tuesday, April 23, 1985 Funding sponsor disapproves of UMaine methods by Peg Warner Staff Writer The co-sponsor of a proposed bill to provide additional funding for the University of Maine system said Mon- day he approves of the proposal but not of the method that has been used to ob- tain the money. Rep. Stephen Bost, D-Orono, said although he thinks the extra funding — S16 million over two years — is necessary, "I'm not convinced the method by which the chancellor presented the package was in the best in- terests" of the university. standings be UMaine officials have requested a total of $28.8 million in additional fun- ding for the 1986 and 1987 fiscal years. If approved, that figure would be add- Jeremiah Newman. perhaps a future woodsman himself. takes rtising appeals a close look at Joel Tripp ed to the base figure for the current it Orono who's getting in a little practice during the ‘Soodsmen's meet held at UM() last budget for a total of weekend. -
La Argentina
LA ARGENTINA NAME: República Argentina POPULATION: 43,350,000 ETHNIC GROUPS: White (97%; Spanish and Italian mostly); Mestizo (2%); Amerindian (1%) La Argentina —1— CAPITAL: Buenos Aires (13,500,000) Other cities: Córdoba (1,500,000); Rosario (1,200,000) LANGUAGES: Spanish (official) RELIGION: Roman Catholic (90%) LIFE EXPECTANCY: Men (68); women (75) LITERACY: 97% GOVERNMENT: Democratic republic President: Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (since May 2007) MILITARY: 67,300 active troops ECONOMY: food processing (meat), autos, chemicals, grains, crude oil MONEY: peso (1.0 = $1.00 US) GEOGRAPHY: Atlantic coast down to tip of South America; second largest country in South America; Andean mountains on west; Aconcagua, highest peak in S. America (22,834 ft.); Pampas in center; Gran Chaco in north; Río de la Plata estuary (mostly fresh water from Paraná and Uruguay Rivers) HISTORY: Prehistory Nomadic Amerindians (hunter gatherers); most died by 19th century 1516 Juan de Solís discovered Argentina and claimed it for Spain 1536 Buenos Aires founded by Pedro de Mendoza; 1580 Buenos Aires refounded by Juan de Garay 1776 Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata created (Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia). 1778-1850 José de San Martín, born in Buenos Aires, liberator of cono sur; criollo (Spanish military father) raised in Spain. 1805-1851 Esteban Echeverría (writer): father of Latin American romanticism; author of El matadero (essay against Rosas). 1806 Great Britain‟s forces occupy port of Buenos Aires demanding free trade; porteños expel English troops; criollo porteños gain self- confidence. 1810 (May 25) A cabildo abierto of criollos assumes power for Fernando VII; cabildo divided between unitarios (liberals for centralized power) and federalistas (conservatives for federated republic with power in provinces). -
Pablo Miguel Jacovkis
Proof Copy Pablo Miguel Jacovkis Introduction Argentina has a long tradition of conflicts between scientific development2 (or educational development) and authoritarian governments.3 Between 1835 and 1852, although he was only Governor of the Buenos Aires Province and responsible for Argentinian Foreign Affairs – that is, a sort of primus inter pares amongst the other thirteen governors – General Juan Manuel de Rosas ruled the country with an iron fist. Among his obscurantist measures we may mention that he stopped paying salaries to the professors at the University of Buenos Aires – the salaries having to be paid exclusively through the tuition of the students, see Buchbinder (2005). The simplified image is reasonably true, that from the establishment of the constitutional republic between 1852 and 1862, education and support for science flourished. We can mention the outstanding work of President Sarmiento (1868–74), who, besides strongly backing 1 The author thanks Amparo Gómez for her kind invitation to participate in the IV Seminar of Politics of Science: Science between Democracy and Dictatorship at the Universidad de La Laguna and to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for its economic support through the Research Project FFI2009–09483 and the Complementary Action FFI2010–11969–E. He also thanks Rosita Wachenchauzer and Israel Lotersztain for their comments and observations, and also Amparo Gómez and Antonio Fco. Canales and, especially, Brian Balmer, for their careful review and criticisms of this work, although of course none of them is responsible for the opinions here expressed. 2 In this work we shall focus on natural and exact sciences, without mentioning social sciences and humanities. -
Presidentes Argentinos
Presidentes argentinos Período P O D E R E J E C U T I V O Presidente: BERNARDINO RIVADAVIA 1826-1827 Sin vicepresidente Presidente: JUSTO JOSÉ DE URQUIZA 1654-1860 Vicepresidente: SALVADOR MARÍA DEL CARRIL Presidente: SANTIAGO DERQUI Vicepresidente: JUAN ESTEBAN PEDERNERA 1860-1862 Derqui renunció y Pedernera, en ejercicio de la presidencia, declaró disuelto al gobierno nacional. Presidente: BARTOLOMÉ MITRE 1862-1868 Vicepresidente: MARCOS PAZ Presidente: DOMINGO FAUSTINO SARMIENTO 1868-1874 Vicepresidente: ADOLFO ALSINA Presidente: NICOLÁS AVELLANEDA 1874-1880 Vicepresidente: MARIANO AGOSTA Presidente: JULIO ARGENTINO ROCA 1880-1886 Vicepresidente: FRANCISCO MADERO Presidente: MIGUEL JUÁREZ CELMAN Vicepresidente: CARLOS PELLEGRINI 1886-1892 En 1890, Juárez Celman debió renunciar como consecuencia de la Revolución del '90. Pellegrini asumió la presidencia hasta completar el período. Presidente: LUIS SAENZ PEÑA Vicepresidente: JOSÉ EVARISTO URIBURU 1892-1898 En 1895, Luis Sáenz Peña renunció, asumiendo la presidencia URIBURU hasta culminar el período. Presidente: JULIO ARGENTINO ROCA 1898-1904 Vicepresidente: NORBERTO QUIRNO COSTA Presidente: MANUEL QUINTANA Vicepresidente: JOSÉ FIGUEROA ALCORTA 1904-1910 En 1906, Manuel Quintana falleció, por lo que debió terminar el período Figueroa Alcorta. Presidente: ROQUE SAENZ PEÑA 1910-1916 Vicepresidente: VICTORINO DE LA PLAZA En 1914, fallece Sáenz Peña, y completa el período Victorino de la Plaza Presidente: HIPÓLITO YRIGOYEN 1916-1922 Vicepresidente: PELAGIO LUNA Presidente: MARCELO TORCUATO DE ALVEAR 1922-1928 Vicepresidente: ELPIDIO GONZÁLEZ Presidente: HIPÓLITO YRIGOYEN 1928-1930 Vicepresidente: ENRIQUE MARTÍNEZ P O R T A L U N O A R G E N T I N A El 6 de setiembre de 1930 se produce el primer golpe de Estado en este período constitucional en la Argentina, por el cual se derroca a Yrigoyen.