DOCSLIB.ORG

Maine Campus April 23 1985 Maine Campus Staff

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Maine Campus April 23 1985 Maine Campus Staff The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Maine Campus Archives University of Maine Publications Spring 4-23-1985 Maine Campus April 23 1985 Maine Campus Staff Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainecampus Repository Citation Staff, Maine Campus, "Maine Campus April 23 1985" (1985). Maine Campus Archives. 1709. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainecampus/1709 This Other is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maine Campus Archives by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 'goy/Maine Campus vol. XCV1 no. LX1 The University of Maine at Orono student newspaper since 1875 Tuesday, April 23, 1985 Funding sponsor disapproves of UMaine methods by Peg Warner Staff Writer The co-sponsor of a proposed bill to provide additional funding for the University of Maine system said Mon- day he approves of the proposal but not of the method that has been used to ob- tain the money. Rep. Stephen Bost, D-Orono, said although he thinks the extra funding — S16 million over two years — is necessary, "I'm not convinced the method by which the chancellor presented the package was in the best in- terests" of the university. standings be UMaine officials have requested a total of $28.8 million in additional fun- ding for the 1986 and 1987 fiscal years. If approved, that figure would be add- Jeremiah Newman. perhaps a future woodsman himself. takes rtising appeals a close look at Joel Tripp ed to the base figure for the current it Orono who's getting in a little practice during the ‘Soodsmen's meet held at UM() last budget for a total of weekend. III inscou photio $161.2 million. The additional request is divided into two parts. Part I, which comprises $12.8 million for the two-year period, is ear- marked for salaries, wages and increases Drinking, driving, teens and radio: in inflation. re likely to read Part II would be used for what UMO if they were President Arthur Johnson called "new results of study coming out soon and inakroved" programs, such as cor- rections to safety problems on campus by Sue Swift In the first phase of the evaluation, of Broadcasters launched a major, state- and the purchase of updated computer Staff Writer she said, wide vor of a raise in a random, confidential campaign using its member radio and laboratory equipment for research, telephone survey fee as opposed was given to teen-agers and television stations. Sangor said. in addition to money for Fogler Libraci, An Orono-based research firm will in each area to measure Ilion to twice a pre-experiment She said the researchers hoped this the Performing Arts Center, graduate soon release the results of a study they knowledge, attitudes and behavior regar- would not create a problem because both financial aid and the athletic have conducted for the past four months ding alcohol and drug use in relation to areas would receive about the same department. on the effects of anti-drunken driving operating a motor vehicle. amount of influence from MAB's Gov. Joseph Brennan has endorsed radio announcements on Maine "Under 850 teenagers participated in campaign. Part I of the package, but has not sup- teen-agers. the survey, and for the most part, they A post-experimental telephone survey, ported Part II. L'Maine officials, in- Northeast Research conducted a were cooperative and very honest; we which ended on March 30. collected data cluding Chancellor Patrick McCarthy "Teen Operating-Under-the-Influence asked them no threatening questions and similar to that of the earlier interview. and Johnson, testified in favor of Part Media Evaluation Project forihe office because the telephone call was complete- Some of the questions asked by the 11 before the Appropriations and Finan- of alcoholism and drug abuse preven- ly anonymous, they were more ihclined staff at Northeast Research dealt with cial Affairs Committee of the Legislature tion, a division of the Maine Human to tell the truth," Sabgor said. the teen-ager's history, attitudes and cur- in budget hearings on April 9. Since Services Department." said David The only information about the iiar- rent status of alcohol and drug use and then, Bost said, Sen. Michael Pearson of Kovenick, one of the project's ticipant retained from each telephone that of their peers, Sangor said. Penobscot. chairman of the Appropria- t do you spend coordinators. questionnaire was his/her age, gender Other questions, she said, included the tions Committee, has asked the and at merchants Radio stations in chosen sites were current scholastic status, she said. teen-ager's knowledge of Maine's chancellor's office to submit Part II in An asked to either broadcast the anti- eight-week experimental period drunken-driving laws, behavior of self bill form so it would have its own drunken driving announcements, followed these surveys, during which an and peers regarding vehicle operation hearing. prepared by the staff at Northeast intense campaign of teen-oriented, anti- when using alcohol and/or other drugs, Bost, who co-sponsored the addi- drunken Research, or "black out" those type of driving public service an- demographic attributes and radio listen- tional funding bill with Sen. Larry announcements that they might normal- nouncements were broadcast over the ing behavior. Brown of Lubec, chairdian of the Educa- ly broadcast experimental-area radio stations. The experimental area was located tion Committee, said the presentation at you think are during prime teen-listening in hours. Few or'none of them were broadcast the west-central section of Maine and in- before the Appropriations Committee he bad points of on control-area stations. cluded towns served by five high schools: was "almost off-the-cuff' and was "not One purpose of the study was to pro- "Actual situations were recounted to Upper Kennebec Valley in Binghham, as organized as I thought it could have duce an experimental proto-type for us by local high students from Orono Forest Hills in Jackman. Carrabec been." designing and producing mass-media in and Old Town, which we made into 19 North Anson, Rangeley High He said because the proposed resources, aimed at reducing drunken School bill was public service announcements with the and Mount Abram submitted driving by Maine's teen-age in Strong. after the deadline, it must first population. help of local production studios, The control Kovenick said. " area was in eastern be submitted to the Legislative Council, Sangor said. Washington County and comprised four which has not yet heard it. Bost said the "Through rigorous, scientific testing, "AC asked them what messages would high schools: Woodland in Baileyville, lateness of the bill may hurt its chances we hope to determine the impact that be most meaningful to them as Calais High School. Shead in Eastport for passage because available money is 'radio public service announcements have teenagers, because we've found in the and Lubec High School. running short this late in the session. on a teen-age target population," said past most anti-drunken driving an- These areas were chosen because of Johnson called the $16 million in Part klary Jo Sangor, of Northeast Research. nouncements are aimed at adults." she their geographical remoteness from more 11 an attempt to make up part of $50 She said that radio was chosen over said. heavily populated areas and the limita- million in what he called "underfun- television "because radio is more Students who were questioned, tions of broadcast signals. ding" by the Legislature over the last 10 believable to teen-agers since they iden- Sangor said, "didn't want to listen to Northeast Research, a privately fund- years. This underfunding, .tag said, has tify with the music and disc jockeys." statistics. They found more meaning in ed firm, declined to disclose the cost of resulted from the universityN requesting The program, which began on Jan. 4, their relating to death as the ultimate or the project. "However a lot of people — more than the Legislature would ap- had two geographically-defined ex- losing a friend by drunken driving." artists and producers — donated a great prove. In 1974, he said, the university perimental and control areas and three Some difficulty developed during the deal of time to the research," Sangor system represented 13 percent of the state project phases, Sangor said. project because the Maine Association said. budget. • 27 Speeding car chased by police overturns in ditch bs Doug Ireland ta,-ted by radio and were able to track can tell. i: looks like the ,ar went seven -- Chic-Zoe, the ca's owner, Ual• actually Staff %titer down the speedin2 sehicle on College • feet sideways before it started to flip." iti the vehicle when it crashed, he was Avenue after it had also sped along "The minute we got there we thought. _issued a court summons for eluding a Schoodic and Sete: roads. someone was hurt," Lint said. "No police officer and for lailure to stop at A UMO student's car which wa• Lim said the 'chicle, which is Owned one was in the car, but then we heard a stop sign, keynolds.said. The incident traveling at "an excessive speed" as it was tw Randall Cincome of Tau Epsilon Phi something crashing through the is still under insestigation. Forme being pursued by unisersity police flip- fraternity. was traseling "in excess of -0 bushe. "- Lin! said he and Kennedy When questioned on-Monday concer- ped over into a ditch of College Avenue mph" when it crashed. "Because of the Then gas: up Inc chase.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 'Argentine Problem' : an Analysis of Political Instability in a Modern Society
    THE 'ARGENTINE PROBLEM7: AN ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY IN A MODERN SOCIETY Alphonse Victor Mallette B.A., University of Lethbridge, 1980 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS @ Alphonse Victor Mallette 1986 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY June, 1986 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, proJect or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for flnanclal gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/Project/Extended Essay Author: -. - rJ (date) -.-.--ABSTRACT This thesis is designed to explain, through political and historical analysis, a phenomenon identified by scholars of pol- itical development as the "Argentine Problem". Argentina is seen as a paradox, a nation which does not display the political stab- ility commensurate with its level of socio-economic development. The work also seeks to examine the origins and policies of the most serious manifestation of dictatorial rule in the nation's history, the period of military power from 1976 to 1983.
    [Show full text]
  • In Argentina: Antisemitism, Exclusion, and the Formation of Argentine Nationalism and Identity in the 20Th Century and During Military Rule (1976-1983)
    Bowdoin College Bowdoin Digital Commons Honors Projects Student Scholarship and Creative Work 2021 The Jewish “Other” in Argentina: Antisemitism, Exclusion, and the Formation of Argentine Nationalism and Identity in the 20th Century and during Military Rule (1976-1983) Marcus Helble Bowdoin College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/honorsprojects Part of the Jewish Studies Commons, and the Latin American History Commons Recommended Citation Helble, Marcus, "The Jewish “Other” in Argentina: Antisemitism, Exclusion, and the Formation of Argentine Nationalism and Identity in the 20th Century and during Military Rule (1976-1983)" (2021). Honors Projects. 235. https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/honorsprojects/235 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship and Creative Work at Bowdoin Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of Bowdoin Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Jewish “Other” in Argentina: Antisemitism, Exclusion, and the Formation of Argentine Nationalism and Identity in the 20th Century and during Military Rule (1976-1983) An Honors Paper for the Department of History By Marcus Helble Bowdoin College, 2021 ©2021 Marcus Helble Dedication To my parents, Rebecca and Joseph. Thank you for always supporting me in all my academic pursuits. And to my grandfather. Your life experiences sparked my interest in Jewish history and immigration. Thank you
    [Show full text]
  • Falkland Islands War: Diplomatic Failure in April 1982
    The Falkland Islands War: Diplomatic Failure in April 1982 By Joseph Mauro Wake Forest University The fate of over 1,000 souls was decided in April 1982. On April 2, Argentine Special Forces invaded and occupied the British Falkland Islands. For the next month, Britain and Argentina tried to resolve the conflict diplomatically. United States Secretary of State Alexander Haig served as mediator, shuttling multiple times between London and Buenos Aires. Haig and his team tried to develop a document to which both the Argentine military junta, led by President Leopoldo Galtieri, and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher could agree. However, despite long hours in negotiations and a genuine desire of both sides to avoid war, agreement was never reached. The British counterattacked on May 1, and the fighting that resulted saw 1,054 soldiers and seamen die.1 Diplomacy in the Falkland Islands failed for a number of reasons. First, the negotiations were flawed, both in Haig’s uneasy position as mediator and the junta’s unreliable decision- making process. In addition, each side misunderstood the other. The Argentines never believed the British would counterattack and the British struggled to believe that Argentina wanted a peaceful solution. The possibility of oil under the islands also may have played a role. However, the most important impediment to diplomatic success was the fact that neither side was able to compromise enough to prevent war. The main reasons for this inflexibility were two-fold: both leaders needed to appear strong to remain in power, and the political climate at the time, especially in terms of diplomatic principles relating to the Cold War, prevented the British from yielding to the minimum Argentine demands.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructing and Contesting the Echo Chamber: a Study of Print Media Discourse on the Final Year of the 1976-1983 Dictatorship in Argentina
    Constructing and contesting the echo chamber: A study of print media discourse on the final year of the 1976-1983 dictatorship in Argentina Muireann Prendergast This thesis is submitted in part fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisors: Professor Helen Kelly-Holmes Dr. David Atkinson Submitted to the University of Limerick, September 2018 i External Examiner: Prof. Michał Krzyżanowski, University of Liverpool and University of Örebro Internal Examiner: Dr. Cinta Ramblado, University of Limerick ii ABSTRACT For post-dictatorship countries attempting to come to terms with and understand their past, historical media studies have a particularly important role to play. In identifying discursive strategies, objective and subjective versions of events, and key social actors, they not only contribute to the linguistic debate on how "meaning" is produced in media but can have wider implications at the societal level in the construction of "collective memory" and identity (Achugar, 2007). The 1982-1983 period marked the end of a brutal dictatorship, Argentina’s Proceso de Reorganización Nacional (National Reorganization Process) and a difficult period of transition to democracy for the country following defeat in the 1982 Falklands/Malvinas War. Using a Critical Discourse Analysis framework, this research project analyses the role of the print media in both sustaining and challenging the dictatorship in Argentina during its period of crisis. The methodological approach of this study is mixed, combining the qualitative principles of the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) (Reisigl and Wodak, 2009) with a quantitative corpus-assisted discourse analysis of newspapers that supported the regime. Furthermore, a Synchronic-Diachronic method developed by Argentinean linguist Pardo (2008, 2010) for specific application to her country’s media is employed for qualitative study of newspaper discourse opposing the dictatorship, while a multimodal analytical framework is applied to the political cartoons of the period.
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Leadership and the Continuing Quest for Justice in Argentina
    Executive Leadership and the Continuing Quest for Justice in Argentina Terence Roehrig Human Rights Quarterly, Volume 31, Number 3, August 2009, pp. 721-747 (Article) Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: 10.1353/hrq.0.0097 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/hrq/summary/v031/31.3.roehrig.html Access Provided by Stetson University at 01/17/11 6:18PM GMT HUMAN RIGHTS QUARTERLY Executive Leadership and the Continuing Quest for Justice in Argentina Terence Roehrig* ABSTRACT After Argentina transitioned from military rule to democracy, the new civilian government attempted to prosecute members of the former military regime for human rights abuses. However, military rebellions, pardons, and amnesty laws prevented all but a few from being held accountable for past crimes. In 2003, President Néstor Kirchner along with the Argentine legislature and Supreme Court opened the door for further prosecution. Though many contributed to the revival of these efforts to prosecute military personnel and police, it was the actions of President Kirchner that were most crucial in removing the obstacles necessary to resume judicial proceedings. * Terence Roehrig is an Associate Professor in the National Security Decision Making Depart- ment at the U.S. Naval War College. He is a co-author of a forthcoming book entitled South Korea since 1980: Democratization, Economic Struggle, and Nuclear Crisis (Cambridge University Press, 2010) with Uk Heo. In addition, he is the author of two books, From De- terrence to Engagement: The U.S. Defense Commitment to South Korea (Lexington Books, 2006) and The Prosecution of Former Military Leaders in Newly Democratic Nations: The Cases of Argentina, Greece, and South Korea (McFarland Press, 2002), and coeditor of Ko- rean Security in a Changing East Asia (Praeger, 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • Militarism, Democracy, and Concordance: the Role of Citizenry in (Re)
    Militarism, Democracy, and Concordance: The Role of Citizenry in (Re)- Establishing Democratic Order in Argentina and Turkey A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School Of the University of Cincinnati In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Department of Sociology Of the College of Arts and Sciences by Adem Üstün ÇATALBAŞ M.A. Selcuk University August 2012 Committee Chair: Steven Carlton-Ford, Ph.D. Abstract The role of the citizenry is often neglected in the literature about democratization but there is a growing scholarly attention – across the globe -- to the role of the citizenry in democratic development. This dissertation focuses on the democratic development in Argentinean and Turkish contexts with a specific emphasis on the role of citizenry in each case. Argentina and Turkey are two different social contexts – historically, regionally, culturally, etc. Yet, their political progress and civil-military relations show similarities. National militaries in each country have interrupted democratic order several times. This study examines the democratization efforts in each country after military rule. The research question -- ‘what defines the quality of a democracy during and after the period of transition of power from a military rule to a democratic one?’ -- is designed to comprehend both militarization and democratization contexts from a comparative historical sociological perspective. The comparative historical sociological methodology of the study not only focuses on comparing two countries but also considers the comparison of past and present transformations of civil-military relations and democratic order in each country. The study concludes that the quality of a democracy depends on how successful three actors – namely citizenry, military, and political elites – are in establishing concordance on the quality of the democratic regime.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Examining the Falkland Islands War: the Necessity for Multi-Level Deterrence in Preventing Wars of Aggression
    RE-EXAMINING THE FALKLAND ISLANDS WAR: THE NECESSITY FOR MULTI-LEVEL DETERRENCE IN PREVENTING WARS OF AGGRESSION Steven G. Stransky* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 474 II. BACKGROUND: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND THE DECISIONMAKING PROCESS ............................................................ 477 A. Human Nature, Regime Elites, and the Decisionmaking Process ..................................................................................... 478 B. Internal State Structure ............................................................ 479 C. The International System .......................................................... 482 III. ANALYSIS: THE FALKLAND ISLANDS WAR .................................... 483 A. Argentina: Regime-Elite Decisionmaking ................................ 483 B. The Argentine Internal Government Structure ......................... 491 C. The International System, Self-Help, and the Argentine World View ............................................................................... 495 IV. MULTI-LEVEL DETERRENCE ........................................................... 501 A. Diplomacy ................................................................................ 502 B. Military Deterrence .................................................................. 505 C. Collective Security and Regional Arrangements ...................... 511 D. The International Court of Justice ........................................... 517 E.
    [Show full text]
  • Instantáneas DOSSIER Nº 4
    instantáneas DOSSIER Nº 4 Coordinadora de la colección: Sandra Raggio. Colaboraron en esta edición: María Dolores Béjar, Mariana Amieva, Samanta Salvatori, María Elena Saravi y Emmanuel Kahan Introducción “… Aunque sólo se trate de muestras y no consigan apenas abarcar la mayor parte de la realidad a que se refieren, cumplen no obstante una función esencial. Las imágenes dicen: Esto es lo que los seres humanos se atreven a hacer, y quizás se ofrezcan a hacer, con entusiasmo, convencidos de que están en lo justo. No lo olvides.” Susan Sontag Ante el dolor de los demás En este Dossier revisamos los años 1976-2006, para focalizar en ellos algunos signos de la historia argentina más dolorosa. Como si construyéramos un álbum fotográfico entre público y pri- vado, seleccionamos momentos que consideramos significativos para comprender las raíces del presente. Cada foto impresa en este “álbum” es un indicio más que nos permite reflexionar en un juego permanente entre el pasado y el presente: es un dis- parador para pensar nuestra historia e identidad. ¿Por qué acercarnos a las fotografías? Vivimos en un mundo sobre- cargado de información, una inmensidad de imágenes nos rodea (películas, televisión, Internet, videos, publicidades), pero cuando recordamos, las fotografías cobran relevancia: el vínculo del espec- tador con el vector fotografía supone un tiempo regulado por quien mira; éste contempla rápida o detenidamente, una y otra vez, imprimiendo la imagen en su memoria de un modo más intenso, como si se tratase de un recuerdo vivido. A diferencia de la tele- visión o el cine, en donde el formato de los mismos tiende a depo- sitar nuestra atención en el suceder ininterrumpido de imágenes y acciones, en el mundo de la fotografía no hay una secuencia, no encontramos una dirección precisa, no hay relato.
    [Show full text]
  • Argentine Civil-Military Relations
    F rom the Foreword to Argentine Civil-Military Relations Argentine Civil-Military Relations: From Alfonsín to Menem This book is an important contribution to the Argentine much-needed institutional analysis of the evolution of democratic governance in Argentina. Huser uses the constructs of political culture, organization of the state, and political economy as the pillars of his analytical framework, especially emphasizing political Civil-Military culture to explain Argentina’s difficulty in coming to grips with the civil-military problem- atique. Further analyses of the workings of the institutional underpinnings of successful governance and functional civil-military Relations relations are needed in Argentina and many other countries of Latin America, where, after more than a decade of reforms, civilian From Alfonsín to Menem leadership is often the absent element in the civil-military equation. —Margaret Daly Hayes HUSER Director, Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies Herbert C. Huser The mission of the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies is to develop academic programs for educating primarily civilians in planning and management of defense and security; for familiarizing civilians with the military profession and military affairs; and for studying the defense policymaking process in general. In addition, the Center is charged with promoting civil-military collaboration on defense matters and with encouraging national, regional, and international dialogue regarding defense themes. To accomplish this, the Center conducts a core course on Defense Planning and Resource Management, and a specialized course on Defense Economics and Budgeting. In addition, it holds seminars and conferences, and promotes research, A PUBLICATION OF THE teaching, outreach, and dialogue on defense and security matters.
    [Show full text]
  • Index to Reminiscences of Admiral Harry D. Train II
    Index To Reminiscences of Admiral Harry D. Train II U.S. Navy (Retired) A-4 Skyhawk U.S.-built attack plane used by the Argentines in the 1982 Falklands War, 406, 411 Abrams, General Creighton W., Jr., USA (USMA, 1936) Role on the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the mid-1970s, 319 Achee, Lieutenant (j.g.) Emile W., USN (USNA, 1949) Naval Academy and submarine school classmate of Train, 35, 60-61 Admiral Kuznetsov (Soviet Aircraft Carrier) Built in the 1980s but not comparable to U.S. carriers, 444 Aircraft Carriers OP-96 analysis in the early 1970s of various sizes of ships to be built, 280-281; U.S. aircraft carriers made long deployments to the Indian Ocean after the hostage seizure in Iran in 1979, 428, 452-457, 476-477 See also names of individual aircraft carriers Air Force, U.S. Navy versus Air Force estimates of the Soviet missile threat during the Cold War, 83- 84; role in recovery of the crew of the U.S. merchant ship Mayaguez in May 1975, 302; AWACS aircraft were involved in antisubmarine operations in the late 1970s and early 1980s, 446-448; contributed components to the U.S. Atlantic Command in the late 1970s and early 1980s, 466-467; Train's company did threat assessments for the Air Force in the 1980s, 505-506 Akimov, Vice Admiral V. I., Soviet Navy Commanded the Soviet Mediterranean squadron during the time of a collision between a Soviet submarine and U.S. frigate in 1976, 336-338 Albany, USS (CG-10) Was a fine flagship for Commander Sixth fleet in the late 1970s, 339-340; fired dozens of Talos missiles during an exercise in the Gulf of Sidra in July 1978, 348-354, 386; received shipyard support in Palermo, Sicily, 357; the ship's enlisted crew returned to traditional sailor uniforms in the mid-1970s, even though most of the fleet was still in the coat-and-tie variety, 378 Alcohol Americans and Soviets drank many toasts while negotiating Incidents at Sea agreements in the early 1980s, 295; non-drinking by Italians in the late 1970s influenced U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • ACCOUNTABILITY in ARGENTINA 20 Years Later, Transitional Justice Maintains Momentum August 20051
    C A S E S TUD Y SERIES ACCOUNTABILITY IN ARGENTINA 20 Years Later, Transitional Justice Maintains Momentum August 20051 I. INTRODUCTION Argentina is undergoing significant changes regarding the investigation and prosecution of human rights violations that occurred from 1976 to 1983, when the country was ruled by a military dictatorship and an estimated 10,000 to 30,000 people “disappeared.”2 This paper outlines transitional justice developments in Argentina and explores the history behind these advances. Various governments have implemented a range of initiatives pertaining to truth-seeking, prosecutions, and reparations since Argentina’s return to democracy in 1983. Raul Alfonsín, the first democratically elected president after the end of military rule, inherited a weakened democratic infrastructure and a strong military that actively resisted accountability for past crimes, frustrating initial justice efforts. However, some key military leaders were successfully prosecuted in two major landmark trials. In 1989 and 1990, President Carlos Menem issued two pardons, one for a handful of officers who were still facing trials, and another for those who had already been convicted. This was a blow for victims and their families, and foreclosed many options to continue pursuing justice for past crimes. Several cases were opened in the courts in the latter half of the 1990s, and have continued since. An economic crisis that started in the late 1990s and reached its peak in December 2001 drew focus away from, but did not halt, transitional justice initiatives. Since Nestor Kirchner was elected president in May 2003, he has been addressing issues of justice for the violations committed more than 25 years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Implications of the Falklands War: from Japan’S Point of View
    Military Implications of the Falklands War: From Japan’s Point of View Jun Yanagisawa Introduction The Falklands War of 1982 involved fighting by two Western countries in the four physical environments of land, sea, air and underwater, using various weapons which ranged from the cutting edge to the antiquated. It was also a war in which Western naval warships were exposed for the first time to prolonged aerial attacks from multiple jet aircraft. The war began over a territorial dispute involving the Falkland Islands, with Argentina launching a surprise attack to take control of the islands. In response, Britain launched air strikes and a naval bombardment preparatory to an amphibious assault which resulted in the recapture of the islands and an end to the conflict. Japan’s international environment has changed in recent years, with the emergence of neighboring countries in which economic and population growth has led some to make greater efforts to strengthen their military capabilities, to display greater interest in securing various natural resources, and to make unilateral territorial claims. The purpose of this presentation is to identify the military implications for Japan within this recent environment, based on various research concerning the Falklands War. The logistical aspects of the conflict will not be discussed here, as this has been covered in detail by Dr. Stephen Badsey. This presentation will first highlight the peculiar characteristics of key aspects of the Falklands War which may serve as reference points, and then draw inferences from them in discussing the implications for Japan. 1. Aspects of the Falklands War (1) Strategic background Preparations for war This section will examine the strategic background to the Falklands War as one of the key aspects of the war.
    [Show full text]