2. Immigrant Population
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Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population Tanja Seland Forgaard and Minja Tea Dzamarija 2. Immigrant population This chapter describes the composition • The largest groups in the immigrant and structure of the immigrant popula- population were persons with back- tion. Under the heading population struc- grounds from Pakistan, Sweden, ture (chapter 2.1) we will look at some Denmark and Vietnam. demographic aspects of groups of immi- • Almost half of the persons in the immi- grants, such as first generation immi- grant population were aged 20-44 years, grants, persons born in Norway with two whereas the corresponding figure for the foreign-born parents, and refugees. It is total population was 35 per cent. important to look at the composition with regard to sex, age, country of origin, • 46 per cent of persons in the immigrant length of stay in Norway, reason for immi- population had Norwegian citizenship. gration, where in the country they live etc. • One fifth of the population in Oslo In this chapter we have also included a belong to the immigrant population, and section on demographic changes (chapter one third of the immigrant population 2.2) with special focus on changes in the live in Oslo. immigrant population. This part of chap- ter two includes figures on immigration • 37 per cent of the non-western immi- and emigration, naturalisation and chan- grant population live in Oslo. ges in marital status in the immigrant • First generation immigrants totalled population. The last part of chapter two 289 000 persons, 6 per cent of the total includes figures on refugees (chapter 2.3) population. and asylum seekers. • Two out of three first generation immi- 2.1. Population structure grants come from a non-western country. • At the beginning of 2004, the immigrant • The largest groups of first generation population in Norway totalled 349 000 immigrants were Swedes, Danes, persons, almost 8 per cent of the total Pakistanis and Iraqis. population. • There are major differences in the length • Almost three out of four persons in the of stay among first generation immi- immigrant population had non-western grants. As an example, 69 per cent of backgrounds. The non-western immi- immigrants from Chile have lived in grant population made up almost 6 per Norway 15 years or longer, while 90 per cent of the Norwegian population. cent of Afghans have lived in Norway less than 5 years. 17 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004 • Persons born in Norway with two pa- The structure of the immigrant population rents born abroad totalled 60 000, about has changed a lot since 1970. The western 1 per cent of the total population. immigrant population increased from about 49 800 in 1970 to 99 300 in 2004, • Nine out of ten of the persons born in while the non-western immigrant popula- Norway with foreign-born parents had tion increased from 9 400 in 1970 to parents born in a non-western country. 249 600 in 2004. In 1970, people with • Three out of four persons born in Nor- non-western origins accounted for 16 per way with foreign-born parents were cent of the immigrant population, while younger than 15 years old, and only 4 in 2004 the figure was 72 per cent. per cent were 30 years or older. Since the beginning of 2000, the number • There were most persons born in Nor- of people with non-western backgrounds way with two parents born in Pakistan, in Norway has increased by about 63 000. Vietnam, Turkey or Sri Lanka. Most of these, 53 000, have backgrounds from South and Central America, Asia, Increasing numbers of people with Turkey and Africa, while 10 000 come non-western backgrounds from East Europe. The increase is both At the beginning of 1970, the immigrant due to an immigration surplus from population in Norway totalled 59 200 abroad and an excess of births. In compa- persons, which was about 1.5 per cent of rison, the number of people with western the total population. By the beginning of backgrounds only increased by 3 000, and 2004, this figure had increased to people from Western countries except the 348 900, 7.6 per cent of the Norwegian Nordic countries accounted for almost the population (table 2.1.1 and figure 2.1.1.) whole increase. The number of people Figure 2.1.1. Immigrant population, by country background. 1 January 1970-2004 Numbers in 1 000 350 Non-western immigrant population 300 Western immigrant population 250 200 150 100 50 0 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway. 18 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population from the Nordic countries increased Figure 2.1.2. The immigrant population by steadily from 1970 until 1999, but the country category and country number has been stable since then. background. The 20 largest groups. 1 January 2004 At the beginning of 2004, 40 per cent of Pakistan the immigrant population had Asian Sweden origins, and these were the largest immi- Denmark grant group in Norway. East Europeans made up 16 per cent of the immigrant Vietnam population, the Nordic countries 15 per Iraq cent, Africans 12 per cent and the West Somalia Bosnia and Europeans 10 per cent (table 2.1.2). Herzegovina Iran In the immigrant population as a whole, Turkey most people had backgrounds in Pakistan Sri Lanka with 26 300, followed by those with back- grounds from Sweden (22 900), Denmark Germany Serbia and (19 300), Vietnam (17 400) and Iraq Montenegro United (17 300). Kingdom Poland About two out of three first generation Russia immigrants come from non-western coun- Philippines tries. Most first generation immigrants USA come from Sweden (21 900), Denmark (17 900), Pakistan and Iraq (both 14 900) Finland and Bosnia and Herzegovina (13 300). Chile Ninety-five per cent of the persons in the India western immigrant population were first 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 generation immigrants, while the cor- Numbers in 1 000 responding figure for the non-western First generation immigrants Born in Norway of two foreign-born parents immigrant population was 78 per cent. Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway. Persons with Pakistani parents made up the largest group of persons born in Nor- with a person of Norwegian origin, and if way with two foreign-born parents, with two Danes or two Swedes become a 11 400. Persons born in Norway with couple and have children they are more Vietnamese parents was the second largest likely to move back to their country of group with 5 600, followed by those with origin than other groups. Ninety per cent parents from Turkey, Sri Lanka and Soma- of persons born in Norway with two lia. Persons with Swedish and Danish foreign-born parents have parents born in parents only accounted for 1 000 and a non-western country (figure 2.1.2 and 1 400 respectively. The reasons why so few tables 2.1.2 and 2.1.3). people with Swedish or Danish parents are born in Norway compared to other large Many young adults immigrant groups, may be that Swedes The immigrant population is made up of a and Danes to a larger extent have children relatively high number of young adults 19 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Figure 2.1.3. The Norwegian population total Figure 2.1.5. The western and non-western and the immigrant population by immigrant population by age and age and sex. 1 January 2004. Per sex. 1 January 2004. Per cent cent MenAge Women MenAge Women 90+ 90+ 85-89 85-89 80-84 80-84 75-79 75-79 70-74 70-74 65-69 65-69 60-64 60-64 55-59 55-59 50-54 50-54 45-49 45-49 40-44 40-44 35-39 35-39 30-34 30-34 25-29 25-29 20-24 20-24 15-19 15-19 10-14 10-14 5-9 5-9 0-4 0-4 6420 0246 6420 0246Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent Western immigrant population Norwegian population total Immigrant population Non-western immigrant population Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway. Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway. compared with the population as a whole (figure 2.1.3). At 1 January 2004, almost Figure 2.1.4. First generation immigrants and half of the immigrant population was children born in Norway of two aged 20-44 years, while the corresponding foreign-born parents by age and figure for the population as a whole was sex. 1 January 2004. Per cent 35 per cent. At the same time, there was a MenAge Women much higher proportion of elderly in the 90+ 85-89 Norwegian population than in the immi- 80-84 grant population. People aged 65 years 75-79 70-74 and older accounted for 6 per cent of the 65-69 immigrant population, and 15 per cent of 60-64 55-59 the population as a whole. For people 50-54 younger than 20 years old, there was only 45-49 40-44 a small difference. The elderly people in 35-39 the immigrant population are mainly of 30-34 25-29 western origin, while the majority of 20-24 children have non-western backgrounds 15-19 10-14 (figure 2.1.6). 5-9 0-4 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 15 20 It is not only when we compare the entire Per cent Per cent Norwegian population to the immigrant First generation immigrants population that we find differences in the Born in Norway of two foreign-born parents age composition.