2. Immigrant Population

Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population

Tanja Seland Forgaard and Minja Tea Dzamarija 2. Immigrant population

This chapter describes the composition • The largest groups in the immigrant and structure of the immigrant popula- population were persons with back- tion. Under the heading population struc- grounds from Pakistan, Sweden, ture (chapter 2.1) we will look at some Denmark and Vietnam. demographic aspects of groups of immi- • Almost half of the persons in the immigrants, such as first generation immigrant population were aged 20-44 years, grants, persons born in Norway with two whereas the corresponding figure for the foreign-born parents, and refugees. It is total population was 35 per cent. important to look at the composition with regard to sex, age, country of origin, • 46 per cent of persons in the immigrant length of stay in Norway, reason for immi- population had Norwegian citizenship. gration, where in the country they live etc. • One fifth of the population in Oslo In this chapter we have also included a belong to the immigrant population, and section on demographic changes (chapter one third of the immigrant population 2.2) with special focus on changes in the live in Oslo. immigrant population. This part of chapter two includes figures on immigration • 37 per cent of the non-western immi- and emigration, naturalisation and chan- grant population live in Oslo. ges in marital status in the immigrant • First generation immigrants totalled population. The last part of chapter two 289 000 persons, 6 per cent of the total includes figures on refugees (chapter 2.3) population. and asylum seekers. • Two out of three first generation immi- 2.1. Population structure grants come from a non-western country. • At the beginning of 2004, the immigrant • The largest groups of first generation population in Norway totalled 349 000 immigrants were Swedes, Danes, persons, almost 8 per cent of the total Pakistanis and Iraqis. population. • There are major differences in the length • Almost three out of four persons in the of stay among first generation immi- immigrant population had non-western grants. As an example, 69 per cent of backgrounds. The non-western immi- immigrants from Chile have lived in grant population made up almost 6 per Norway 15 years or longer, while 90 per cent of the Norwegian population. cent of Afghans have lived in Norway less than 5 years. 17 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

• Persons born in Norway with two pa- The structure of the immigrant population rents born abroad totalled 60 000, about has changed a lot since 1970. The western 1 per cent of the total population. immigrant population increased from about 49 800 in 1970 to 99 300 in 2004, • Nine out of ten of the persons born in while the non-western immigrant popula- Norway with foreign-born parents had tion increased from 9 400 in 1970 to parents born in a non-western country. 249 600 in 2004. In 1970, people with • Three out of four persons born in Nor- non-western origins accounted for 16 per way with foreign-born parents were cent of the immigrant population, while younger than 15 years old, and only 4 in 2004 the figure was 72 per cent. per cent were 30 years or older. Since the beginning of 2000, the number • There were most persons born in Nor- of people with non-western backgrounds way with two parents born in Pakistan, in Norway has increased by about 63 000. Vietnam, Turkey or Sri Lanka. Most of these, 53 000, have backgrounds from South and Central America, Asia, Increasing numbers of people with Turkey and Africa, while 10 000 come non-western backgrounds from East Europe. The increase is both At the beginning of 1970, the immigrant due to an immigration surplus from population in Norway totalled 59 200 abroad and an excess of births. In compa- persons, which was about 1.5 per cent of rison, the number of people with western the total population. By the beginning of backgrounds only increased by 3 000, and 2004, this figure had increased to people from Western countries except the 348 900, 7.6 per cent of the Norwegian Nordic countries accounted for almost the population (table 2.1.1 and figure 2.1.1.) whole increase. The number of people

Figure 2.1.1. Immigrant population, by country background. 1 January 1970-2004

Numbers in 1 000 350

Non-western immigrant population 300 Western immigrant population

250

200

150

100

0 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway.

18 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population from the Nordic countries increased Figure 2.1.2. The immigrant population by steadily from 1970 until 1999, but the country category and country number has been stable since then. background. The 20 largest groups. 1 January 2004

At the beginning of 2004, 40 per cent of Pakistan the immigrant population had Asian Sweden origins, and these were the largest immi- Denmark grant group in Norway. East Europeans made up 16 per cent of the immigrant Vietnam population, the Nordic countries 15 per Iraq cent, Africans 12 per cent and the West Somalia Bosnia and Europeans 10 per cent (table 2.1.2). Herzegovina Iran In the immigrant population as a whole, Turkey most people had backgrounds in Pakistan Sri Lanka with 26 300, followed by those with backgrounds from Sweden (22 900), Denmark Germany Serbia and (19 300), Vietnam (17 400) and Iraq Montenegro United (17 300). Kingdom Poland About two out of three first generation Russia immigrants come from non-western coun- Philippines tries. Most first generation immigrants USA come from Sweden (21 900), Denmark (17 900), Pakistan and Iraq (both 14 900) Finland and Bosnia and Herzegovina (13 300). Chile Ninety-five per cent of the persons in the India western immigrant population were first 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 generation immigrants, while the cor- Numbers in 1 000 responding figure for the non-western First generation immigrants Born in Norway of two foreign-born parents immigrant population was 78 per cent. Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway. Persons with Pakistani parents made up the largest group of persons born in Nor- with a person of Norwegian origin, and if way with two foreign-born parents, with two Danes or two Swedes become a 11 400. Persons born in Norway with couple and have children they are more Vietnamese parents was the second largest likely to move back to their country of group with 5 600, followed by those with origin than other groups. Ninety per cent parents from Turkey, Sri Lanka and Soma- of persons born in Norway with two lia. Persons with Swedish and Danish foreign-born parents have parents born in parents only accounted for 1 000 and a non-western country (figure 2.1.2 and 1 400 respectively. The reasons why so few tables 2.1.2 and 2.1.3). people with Swedish or Danish parents are born in Norway compared to other large Many young adults immigrant groups, may be that Swedes The immigrant population is made up of a and Danes to a larger extent have children relatively high number of young adults

19 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

Figure 2.1.3. The Norwegian population total Figure 2.1.5. The western and non-western and the immigrant population by immigrant population by age and age and sex. 1 January 2004. Per sex. 1 January 2004. Per cent cent MenAge Women MenAge Women 90+ 90+ 85-89 85-89 80-84 80-84 75-79 75-79 70-74 70-74 65-69 65-69 60-64 60-64 55-59 55-59 50-54 50-54 45-49 45-49 40-44 40-44 35-39 35-39 30-34 30-34 25-29 25-29 20-24 20-24 15-19 15-19 10-14 10-14 5-9 5-9 0-4 0-4 6420 0246 6420 0246Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent Western immigrant population Norwegian population total Immigrant population Non-western immigrant population Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway. Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway.

compared with the population as a whole (figure 2.1.3). At 1 January 2004, almost Figure 2.1.4. First generation immigrants and half of the immigrant population was children born in Norway of two aged 20-44 years, while the corresponding foreign-born parents by age and figure for the population as a whole was sex. 1 January 2004. Per cent 35 per cent. At the same time, there was a MenAge Women much higher proportion of elderly in the 90+ 85-89 Norwegian population than in the immi- 80-84 grant population. People aged 65 years 75-79 70-74 and older accounted for 6 per cent of the 65-69 immigrant population, and 15 per cent of 60-64 55-59 the population as a whole. For people 50-54 younger than 20 years old, there was only 45-49 40-44 a small difference. The elderly people in 35-39 the immigrant population are mainly of 30-34 25-29 western origin, while the majority of 20-24 children have non-western backgrounds 15-19 10-14 (figure 2.1.6). 5-9 0-4 20 15 10 5 0 0 5 10 15 20 It is not only when we compare the entire Per cent Per cent Norwegian population to the immigrant First generation immigrants population that we find differences in the Born in Norway of two foreign-born parents age composition. The differences are even Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway. larger when we compare first generation

20 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population immigrants with persons born in Norway had Norwegian citizenship. There were with two foreign-born parents (figure major differences between the different 2.1.4). Thirty-five per cent of the persons groups (figure 2.1.6). Ninety per cent of born in Norway with two foreign-born the Vietnamese immigrant population had parents were younger than 5 years old, Norwegian citizenship, and of those from and 77 per cent were younger than 15 Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Morocco and Turkey, years old. Thirteen per cent of persons born in Norway with two foreign-born parents were aged 20-44 years, while more than half of the first generation Figure 2.1.6. Proportion of the immigrant immigrants were in this age group. Almost population with Norwegian citizenship, by country back- no one born in Norway with two foreign- ground. 1 January 2004 born parents was older than 60 years. Vietnam We also find differences in the age compo- Morocco sition when we compare the western Sri Lanka immigrant population to the non-western Pakistan immigrant population (figure 2.1.5). Turkey About 10 per cent of the western immigrant population was younger than 20 India years, while 33 per cent of the non-wes- Chile tern population was in this age group. Philippines This difference is partly because there are Poland more persons born in Norway with for- Iran eign-parents in the non-western population China than in the western population. For the Bosnia and Herzegovina age groups older than 44 years, there was Serbia and a larger proportion among the western Montenegro immigrant population than the non-wes- Somalia tern immigrant population. Many western USA immigrants stay in Norway for a long Thailand time and many immigrated to Norway Germany when of a working age. Since non-western Denmark immigration only really began in 1970, Iraq there are few people in this group who Russia have reached 60 yet. In a few years time, the age structure in the older age groups Netherlands United between the western and the non-western Kingdom immigrant populations will become more Finland alike. Sweden Afghanistan Almost half of the immigrant 0 20 40 60 80 100 population have Norwegian Per cent citizenship Norwegian citizenship At the beginning of 2004, 46 per cent of Foreign citizenship the persons in the immigrant population Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway.

21 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004 more than 70 per cent had Norwegian ded in Norway between 5 and 14 years, citizenship. and the last third have been resident in Norway for at least 15 years (table 2.1.4). At the other end of the scale, we find people with backgrounds from Afghanis- Among the largest immigrant groups, tan, where only 10 per cent had Norwe- Chileans and Danes have the longest gian citizenship. Other non-western duration of residence in Norway. Sixty- groups where a low proportion had Nor- nine per cent and 64 per cent respectively wegian citizenship were Russians with 19 have lived in Norway for 15 years or per cent and Iraqis with 22 per cent. The more. Only 10 per cent of the Chileans difference among the non-western groups have lived in Norway less than 5 years, is manly due to different lengths of stay in while the corresponding figure for Danes Norway. is 19 per cent. On 11 September 1973, a coupe d´etat took place in Chile, which Three years ago, at the beginning of 2001, was the start of a 17-year dictatorship only 10 per cent of immigrants from during which many Chileans fled the Bosnia and Herzegovina had Norwegian country. Many Pakistanis, Brits, Americans citizenship. At the beginning of 2004, the and Indians also have a long period of proportion had increased to 59 per cent. residence in Norway - almost 60 per cent This is due to the fact that many Bosnians have lived in Norway for at least 15 years. have during the past three years lived 7 years in Norway, and thereby fulfilled the At the opposite end of the scale, 90 per requirements to apply for Norwegian cent of Afghanis have lived in Norway for citizenship. There have not been any less than 5 years. Many Russians, Iraqis significant changes for the other large and Somalis also have a short period of immigrant groups. residence in Norway, where 70, 69 and 60 per cent respectively have lived in Norway There tends to be a large proportion of less than 5 years. people with Norwegian citizenship among the non-western group that have been Immigrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina resident in Norway for a long time. There are slightly different from the other are very few with western backgrounds groups. Almost half of this group came to that have Norwegian citizenship, despite a Norway between 1989 and 1993 and 40 long period of residence. Few immigrants per cent came between 1994 and 1998. from western countries apply for Norwe- This shows a clear connection to the war gian citizenship because they already have in the Balkans, which started in 1992. the same rights as Norwegians, and many Swedes are divided into three groups in may not intend to stay permanently in the same way as the immigrant popula- Norway. tion as a whole.

Variations in the duration of residence Most live in central areas First generation immigrants can be divi- One third, or 114 000, of the immigrant ded into three different groups with regard population lived in Oslo at the beginning to duration of residence in Norway. Appro- of 2004. By way of comparison, only 11 ximately one third have lived in Norway per cent of the total Norwegian population less than 5 years, another third have resi- lived in Oslo. The immigrant population

22 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population accounted for 7.6 per cent (the average for The municipalities Bærum and Asker Norway) or more of the population in only differed slightly from the other municipali- 32 out of 434 municipalities, and most of ties close to Oslo whereby they had a these municipalities are found close to larger proportion of the western immi- Oslo. The towns of Kristiansand, Stavan- grant population than the non-western ger and Sandnes also had a higher pro- population. This was also the case in portion than the average for Norway. As Stavanger and Tromsø. exceptions to the concentration of the immigrant population in central areas, Equal gender distribution several municipalities in Finnmark also As for the population as a whole, there had a higher portion than the average for were almost as many men as women in Norway. These are mainly immigrants the immigrant population (table 2.1.9). A from Sri Lanka and Russia. few immigrant groups differ from the others. Among immigrants from Thailand, Oslo had the highest proportion of the the Philippines, Russia and Poland there immigrant population with 21.8 per cent, was a much higher proportion of women followed by Drammen with 16 per cent compared to men, with 85, 75, 68 and 64 and Båtsfjord with 14.4 per cent (table per cent respectively. Many Norwegian 2.1.5). There are people who belong to men marry women from these countries, the immigrant population in all the muni- hence the predominance of women. There cipalities in Norway, but two municipali- were no country groups with many more ties have none with non-western back- men than women, but there was a slight grounds (figure 2.1.7). predominance of men for those with backgrounds from Afghanistan, Iraq, the Uni- The centralisation in the immigrant popu- ted Kingdom and Morocco, with 60, 59, lation is especially strong among those 59 and 58 per cent respectively. with non-western backgrounds, and almost half of these live in Oslo and the The proportion of men among Iraqis has surrounding areas. When Oslo and Akers- decreased by 3 per cent in the last year hus are taken as a whole, 47.5 per cent of and about 8 per cent since the beginning all of those with non-western backgrounds of 2001, which could imply that in recent live in the area. Thirty-seven per cent of years more women have been reunified the non-western immigrant population with an Iraqi man in Norway. The men lived in Oslo at the beginning of 2004, often move from areas of conflict before compared to 22 per cent of the western. the women, and are subsequently reunified When we exclude the East Europeans from with their wives and children. There are the non-western immigrant population, we more men from the United Kingdom be- are left with people from Asia, Turkey, cause many have come to Norway on their South and Central America and Africa. own to work in the oil industry. Almost 42 per cent of these lived in Oslo. The suburbs Alna and Søndre Nordstrand had 6.5 and 5.6 per cent respectively of all residents in Norway with backgrounds from these regions (table 2.1.7).

23 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

Figure 2.1.7. The immigrant population in per cent of the total population. 1 January 2004

Immigrant population in per cent of the total population: 0.2 - 1.9 2.0 - 3.9 4.0 - 7.5 7.6 - 21.8 Country average = 7.6

Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway. Map data: Norwegian Mapping Authority.

24 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population

Table 2.1.1. Population by country background1. 1970-2004. Foreign country background refers to immigrant population2 Country background

Total Norway Abroad, Nordic West- East- North Asia, Africa, total count- Europe, Europe America, South and ries except Oceania Central Turkey America, Turkey Real numbers 1.1.1970 ...... 3 874 133 3 814 937 59 196 26 548 15 190 5 806 8 103 3 549 1.1.1980 ...... 4 091 132 3 995 930 95 202 31 210 22 686 7 114 11 810 22 382 1.1.1986 ...... 4 159 187 4 035 839 123 348 35 766 28 503 8 868 11 332 38 879 1.1.1987 ...... 4 175 521 4 044 379 131 142 37 880 28 797 9 374 11 320 43 771 1.1.1988 ...... 4 198 289 4 051 992 146 297 39 509 29 420 10 639 11 350 55 379 1.1.1989 ...... 4 220 686 4 060 393 160 293 40 037 29 972 11 878 11 292 67 114 1.1.1990 ...... 4 233 116 4 064 818 168 298 38 089 29 107 13 551 10 769 76 782 1.1.1991 ...... 4 249 830 4 075 162 174 668 37 285 28 208 14 663 10 558 83 954 1.1.1992 ...... 4 273 634 4 090 640 182 994 37 589 28 000 15 926 10 552 90 927 1.1.1993 ...... 4 299 167 4 106 072 193 095 38 176 28 524 18 647 10 584 97 164 1.1.1994 ...... 4 324 815 4 119 217 205 598 39 060 28 581 26 321 10 338 101 298 1.1.1995 ...... 4 348 410 4 133 362 215 048 40 608 28 853 30 276 10 211 105 100 1.1.1996 ...... 4 369 957 4 146 160 223 797 41 643 29 188 33 200 10 037 109 729 1.1.1997 ...... 4 392 714 4 160 522 232 192 43 696 29 491 34 486 9 879 114 640 1.1.1998 ...... 4 417 599 4 172 894 244 705 47 886 30 250 35 733 9 694 121 142 1.1.1999 ...... 4 445 329 4 184 587 260 742 52 338 31 795 37 430 9 787 129 392 1.1.2000 ...... 4 478 497 4 196 010 282 487 53 445 33 097 46 098 9 578 140 269 1.1.2001 ...... 4 503 436 4 205 705 297 731 53 480 33 271 48 257 9 272 153 451 1.1.2002 ...... 4 524 066 4 213 362 310 704 53 466 33 961 49 677 9 159 164 441 1.1.2003 ...... 4 552 252 4 219 459 332 793 54 277 35 243 53 249 9 413 180 611 1.1.2004 ...... 4 577 457 4 228 517 348 940 53 940 35 906 56 339 9 456 193 299 Per cent of immigrant population 1.1.1970 ...... 100.0 44.8 25.7 9.8 13.7 6.0 1.1.1980 ...... 100.0 32.8 23.8 7.5 12.4 23.5 1.1.1986 ...... 100.0 29.0 23.1 7.2 9.2 31.5 1.1.1987 ...... 100.0 28.9 22.0 7.1 8.6 33.4 1.1.1988 ...... 100.0 27.0 20.1 7.3 7.8 37.9 1.1.1989 ...... 100.0 25.0 18.7 7.4 7.0 41.9 1.1.1990 ...... 100.0 22.6 17.3 8.1 6.4 45.6 1.1.1991 ...... 100.0 21.3 16.1 8.4 6.0 48.1 1.1.1992 ...... 100.0 20.5 15.3 8.7 5.8 49.7 1.1.1993 ...... 100.0 19.8 14.8 9.7 5.5 50.3 1.1.1994 ...... 100.0 19.0 13.9 12.8 5.0 49.3 1.1.1995 ...... 100.0 18.9 13.4 14.1 4.7 48.9 1.1.1996 ...... 100.0 18.6 13.0 14.8 4.5 49.0 1.1.1997 ...... 100.0 18.8 12.7 14.9 4.3 49.4 1.1.1998 ...... 100.0 19.6 12.4 14.6 4.0 49.5 1.1.1999 ...... 100.0 20.1 12.2 14.4 3.8 49.6 1.1.2000 ...... 100.0 18.9 11.7 16.3 3.4 49.7 1.1.2001 ...... 100.0 18.0 11.2 16.2 3.1 51.5 1.1.2002 ...... 100.0 17.2 10.9 16.0 2.9 52.9 1.1.2003 ...... 100.0 16.3 10.6 16.0 2.8 54.3 1.1.2004 ...... 100.0 15.5 10.3 16.1 2.7 55.4

1 Own, mother’s or father’s country of birth if it is foreign, otherwise Norway. 2 Persons with two foreign-born parents. Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway.

25 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

Table 2.1.2. Population by three categories of country background, country of birth and citizenship. 1 january 2004 Country background/ Country background Country Citizen- country of birth/citizenship Persons with Immigrant First generation of birth ship immigrant population2 immigrants with- background1 out Norwegian background3

Total ...... 4 577 457 4 577 457 4 577 457 4 577 457 4 577 457

Norway ...... 4 002 848 4 228 517 4 288 353 4 230 177 4 372 726

Abroad, total ...... 574 609 348 940 289 104 347 280 204 731

Nordic countries ...... 131 740 53 940 50 701 67 068 55 884 West-Europe else ...... 88 268 35 906 33 445 44 448 32 188 East-Europe ...... 68 254 56 339 49 107 49 885 28 223 Africa ...... 50 973 40 488 31 575 33 973 20 145 Asia with Turkey ...... 171 529 139 653 103 776 116 280 52 045 North America ...... 35 810 8 426 8 116 16 928 8 911 South and Central America ...... 25 242 13 158 11 384 17 133 5 612 Oceania ...... 2 793 1 030 1 000 1 565 901 Stateless ...... - - - - 767 Unknown ...... - - - - 55

Selected groups Western countries4 ...... 258 611 99 302 93 262 130 009 97 884 Non-western countries, stateless and unknown ...... 315 998 249 638 195 842 217 271 106 847 EU-155 ...... 208 439 84 046 78 861 105 074 83 058 EU-106 ...... 19 890 13 109 11 678 12 162 5 601

Ex. Yugoslavia ...... 34 320 31 798 26 484 26 322 13 852 Ex. Soviet Union ...... 14 364 12 044 11 559 11 857 9 870

1 Own, mother’s or father’s country of birth if it is foreign, otherwise Norway. 2 Own, mother's or fathers country of birth (if it is foreign ) for persons with to foreign-born parents, otherwise Norway. 3 Own, mother’s or father’s country of birth for foreign-born with two foreign-born parents, otherwise Norway. 4 West-Europe except Turkey, and North America and Oceania. 5 EU members before 1 May 2004. 6 The new EU members from 1 May 2004. Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway.

26 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population

Table 2.1.3. Immigrant population by country background, and three categories of foreign background/immigrant background. 40 largest nationality groups. 1 January 2004 Immigrant population, First generation immigrants Born in Norway of by country background without Norwegian back- two foreign-born ground, by country background parents

Born in Norway of two Immigrant population, First generation immi- foreign-born parents, total ...... 348 940 grants, total ...... 289 104 total ...... 59 836 Pakistan ...... 26 286 Sweden ...... 21 890 Pakistan ...... 11 412 Sweden ...... 22 871 Denmark ...... 17 922 Vietnam ...... 5 552 Denmark ...... 19 318 Pakistan...... 14 874 Turkey ...... 4 251 Vietnam ...... 17 414 Iraq ...... 14 856 Sri Lanka ...... 3 969 Iraq ...... 17 295 Bosnia and Herzegovina 13 271 Somalia ...... 3 420 Somalia ...... 15 586 Somalia...... 12 166 Iraq ...... 2 439 Bosnia and Herzegovina 15 216 Vietnam...... 11 862 Morocco ...... 2 291 Iran ...... 13 506 Iran ...... 11 634 India ...... 2 289 Turkey ...... 12 971 Germany ...... 10 515 Serbia and Montenegro 2 230 Sri Lanka ...... 11 918 United Kingdom ...... 10 325 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 945 Germany ...... 11 232 Serbia and Montenegro 8 840 Iran ...... 1 872 Serbia and Montenegro . 11 070 Turkey ...... 8 720 Denmark ...... 1 396 United Kingdom ...... 10 945 Sri Lanka ...... 7 949 Chile ...... 1 337 Poland ...... 7 590 Russia ...... 7 189 Sweden ...... 981 Russia ...... 7 457 USA ...... 6 958 Philippines ...... 913 Philippines ...... 7 374 Poland ...... 6 797 Poland ...... 793 USA ...... 7 223 Finland ...... 6 523 China ...... 767 Finland ...... 6 957 Philippines ...... 6 461 Germany ...... 717 Chile ...... 6 931 Thailand ...... 5 718 Macedonia ...... 656 India ...... 6 836 Chile ...... 5 594 Eritrea ...... 625 Morocco ...... 6 566 India ...... 4 547 United Kingdom ...... 620 Thailand ...... 5 910 Afghanistan ...... 4 496 Lebanon ...... 544 Afghanistan ...... 4 851 Morocco ...... 4 275 Netherlands ...... 502 China ...... 4 801 China ...... 4 034 Croatia ...... 451 Netherlands ...... 4 202 Netherlands ...... 3 700 Finland ...... 434 Iceland ...... 3 921 Iceland ...... 3 564 Ethiopia ...... 395 Croatia ...... 2 983 Croatia ...... 2 532 Hungary ...... 368 Ethiopia ...... 2 659 France ...... 2 367 Ghana ...... 368 France ...... 2 510 Ethiopia ...... 2 264 Iceland ...... 357 Macedonia ...... 2 371 Macedonia ...... 1 715 Afghanistan ...... 355 Eritrea ...... 2 191 Eritrea ...... 1 566 Syria ...... 336 Lebanon ...... 1 860 Spain ...... 1 402 Gambia ...... 278 Hungary ...... 1 670 Romania ...... 1 370 Russia ...... 268 Ghana ...... 1 540 Lebanon ...... 1 316 USA...... 265 Spain ...... 1 503 Hungary...... 1 302 Algeria ...... 240 Romania ...... 1 466 Italy ...... 1 247 Thailand ...... 192 Italy ...... 1 327 Ghana ...... 1 172 France ...... 143 Syria ...... 1 255 Canada...... 1 158 Spain ...... 101 Canada ...... 1 203 Brazil ...... 1 139 Romania ...... 96 Brazil...... 1 180 Bulgaria ...... 1 042 Italy ...... 80

Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway.

27 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

Table 2.1.4. First generation immigrants1, by length of stay/first immigration year and country of origin2. 1 January 2004 Country of origin Length of stay, in years Total 0-4 5-9 10-14 15+ First immigration year

1999-2003 1994-1998 1989-1993 1982 and before

First generation immigrants, total ...... 289 104 98 055 47 247 44 237 99 565

Europe, total ...... 133 253 41 139 25 239 18 025 48 850 Denmark ...... 17 922 3 404 1 639 1 407 11 472 Sweden ...... 21 890 6 430 5 309 1 967 8 184 Bosnia and Herzegovina ...... 13 271 1 183 5 316 6 517 255 Serbia and Montenegro...... 8 840 4 374 1 600 1 708 1 158 Poland ...... 6 797 1 732 879 1 309 2 877 Russia ...... 7 189 5 029 1 555 444 161 United Kingdom ...... 10 325 2 242 1 277 823 5 983 Germany ...... 10 515 3 704 1 486 599 4 726

Africa, total ...... 31 575 14 959 5 206 5 146 6 264 Morocco ...... 4 275 935 649 843 1 848 Somalia ...... 12 166 7 245 2 339 2 072 510

Asia, total ...... 103 776 36 452 14 371 18 875 34 078 Afghanistan ...... 4 496 4 050 132 200 114 Philippines ...... 6 461 2 100 963 1 031 2 367 India ...... 4 547 904 506 556 2 581 Iraq ...... 14 856 10 294 2 651 1 503 408 Iran ...... 11 634 3 428 1 985 2 688 3 533 Pakistan ...... 14 874 2 582 1 802 1 866 8 624 Sri Lanka ...... 7 949 1 520 1 479 2 176 2 774 Thailand ...... 5 718 3 057 1 058 838 765 Turkey ...... 8 720 2 142 1 375 1 644 3 559 Vietnam ...... 11 862 1 206 839 3 917 5 900

North America, total ...... 8 116 1 945 998 618 4 555 Canada ...... 1 158 345 189 81 543 USA ...... 6 958 1 600 809 537 4 012

South and Central America, total ...... 11 384 3 122 1 295 1 501 5 466 Chile ...... 5 594 582 327 827 3 858

Oceania, total ...... 1 000 438 138 72 352

1 Foreign-born persons with two foreign-born parents. 2 Mainly own country of birth, but parents country of birth if both parents have same country of birth which is different from person’s country of birth. Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway.

28 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population

Table 2.1.5. Immigrant population1 , by country of origin2 and municipality. Classified by proportion of inhabitants in the municipality. 1 January 2004. Absolute numbers and per cent Immigrant population Population, Immigrant population as Municipality total percentage of total population All Non-western Population, All Non-western total The whole country ...... 348 940 249 638 4 577 457 7.6 5.5

1 0301 Oslo ...... 113 942 91 705 521 886 21.8 17.6 2 0602 Drammen ...... 9 059 7 626 56 688 16.0 13.5 3 2028 Båtsfjord ...... 330 150 2 290 14.4 6.6 4 0230 Lørenskog ...... 3 818 2 981 30 496 12.5 9.8 5 0124 Askim ...... 1 621 1 312 13 986 11.6 9.4 6 0231 Skedsmo ...... 4 763 3 706 41 359 11.5 9.0 7 0228 Rælingen ...... 1 637 1 334 14 720 11.1 9.1 8 0104 Moss ...... 2 969 2 249 27 732 10.7 8.1 9 0214 Ås ...... 1 525 1 006 14 323 10.6 7.0 10 0219 Bærum ...... 10 867 6 253 103 313 10.5 6.1 11 1103 Stavanger ...... 11 820 7 705 112 405 10.5 6.9 12 0220 Asker ...... 4 982 2 742 50 651 9.8 5.4 13 1001 Kristiansand ...... 7 268 5 573 75 280 9.7 7.4 14 1429 Fjaler ...... 277 175 2 910 9.5 6.0 15 0625 Nedre Eiker ...... 1 928 1 462 21 377 9.0 6.8 16 1418 Balestrand ...... 130 53 1 462 8.9 3.6 17 0213 Ski ...... 2 299 1 548 26 588 8.6 5.8 18 0626 Lier ...... 1 862 1 346 21 594 8.6 6.2 19 2003 Vadsø ...... 521 380 6 186 8.4 6.1 20 2030 Sør-Varanger ...... 793 525 9 500 8.3 5.5 21 0235 Ullensaker ...... 1 975 1 310 23 784 8.3 5.5 22 0217 Oppegård ...... 1 893 1 177 23 343 8.1 5.0 23 2002 Vardø ...... 192 108 2 396 8.0 4.5 24 0826 Tinn ...... 508 360 6 420 7.9 5.6 25 0618 Hemsedal ...... 148 58 1 876 7.9 3.1 26 0216 Nesodden ...... 1 261 557 16 074 7.8 3.5 27 0806 Skien ...... 3 945 3 012 50 507 7.8 6.0 28 0233 Nittedal ...... 1 492 932 19 440 7.7 4.8 29 0620 Hol ...... 348 147 4 556 7.6 3.2 30 0101 Halden ...... 2 087 1 302 27 464 7.6 4.7 31 1102 Sandnes ...... 4 303 3 184 56 668 7.6 5.6 32 1124 Sola ...... 1 481 819 19 555 7.6 4.2 33 0136 Rygge ...... 1 028 723 13 753 7.5 5.3 34 0402 Kongsvinger ...... 1 297 964 17 380 7.5 5.5 35 1201 Bergen ...... 17 618 12 733 237 430 7.4 5.4 36 0105 Sarpsborg ...... 3 644 2 735 49 423 7.4 5.5 37 0211 Vestby ...... 939 537 12 834 7.3 4.2 38 0106 Fredrikstad ...... 5 103 3 629 69 867 7.3 5.2 39 2022 Lebesby ...... 107 28 1 473 7.3 1.9 40 0706 Sandefjord ...... 2 908 1 961 40 992 7.1 4.8

1 Persons with two foreign-born parents. 2 Own, mother's or father's country of birth. Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway.

29 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

Table 2.1.6. Immigrant population1 by country of origin2 and municipality. Classified by size of immigrant population. 1 January 2004. Absolute numbers and per cent Immigrant Immigrant popu- Immigrant popula- Popula- population lation as percentage tion in whole tion, Municipality of total population country, per cent total All Non- All Non- All Non- western western western

The whole country ...... 348 940 249 638 7.6 5.5 100.0 100.0 4 577 457

1 0301 Oslo ...... 113 942 91 705 21.8 17.6 32.7 36.7 521 886 2 1201 Bergen ...... 17 618 12 733 7.4 5.4 5.0 5.1 237 430 3 1103 Stavanger ...... 11 820 7 705 10.5 6.9 3.4 3.1 112 405 4 0219 Bærum ...... 10 867 6 253 10.5 6.1 3.1 2.5 103 313 5 1601 Trondheim ...... 9 973 7 281 6.5 4.7 2.9 2.9 154 351 6 0602 Drammen ...... 9 059 7 626 16.0 13.5 2.6 3.1 56 688 7 1001 Kristiansand ...... 7 268 5 573 9.7 7.4 2.1 2.2 75 280 8 0106 Fredrikstad ...... 5 103 3 629 7.3 5.2 1.5 1.5 69 867 9 0220 Asker ...... 4 982 2 742 9.8 5.4 1.4 1.1 50 651 10 0231 Skedsmo ...... 4 763 3 706 11.5 9.0 1.4 1.5 41 359 11 1102 Sandnes ...... 4 303 3 184 7.6 5.6 1.2 1.3 56 668 12 0806 Skien ...... 3 945 3 012 7.8 6.0 1.1 1.2 50 507 13 0230 Lørenskog ...... 3 818 2 981 12.5 9.8 1.1 1.2 30 496 14 1902 Tromsø ...... 3 714 1 988 6.0 3.2 1.1 0.8 61 897 15 0105 Sarpsborg ...... 3 644 2 735 7.4 5.5 1.0 1.1 49 423 16 0104 Moss ...... 2 969 2 249 10.7 8.1 0.9 0.9 27 732 17 0706 Sandefjord ...... 2 908 1 961 7.1 4.8 0.8 0.8 40 992 18 0709 Larvik ...... 2 561 1 807 6.2 4.4 0.7 0.7 40 990 19 0906 Arendal ...... 2 304 1 522 5.8 3.9 0.7 0.6 39 495 20 0213 Ski ...... 2 299 1 548 8.6 5.8 0.7 0.6 26 588 21 0704 Tønsberg ...... 2 201 1 408 6.1 3.9 0.6 0.6 36 046 22 0805 Porsgrunn ...... 2 156 1 506 6.5 4.5 0.6 0.6 33 323 23 0101 Halden ...... 2 087 1 302 7.6 4.7 0.6 0.5 27 464 24 1106 Haugesund ...... 2 051 1 488 6.5 4.7 0.6 0.6 31 361 25 0235 Ullensaker ...... 1 975 1 310 8.3 5.5 0.6 0.5 23 784 26 0625 Nedre Eiker ...... 1 928 1 462 9.0 6.8 0.6 0.6 21 377 27 0217 Oppegård ...... 1 893 1 177 8.1 5.0 0.5 0.5 23 343 28 0626 Lier ...... 1 862 1 346 8.6 6.2 0.5 0.5 21 594 29 0502 Gjøvik ...... 1 788 1 405 6.5 5.1 0.5 0.6 27 526 30 0701 Borre ...... 1 718 1 139 7.0 4.6 0.5 0.5 24 671 31 0228 Rælingen ...... 1 637 1 334 11.1 9.1 0.5 0.5 14 720 32 1504 Ålesund ...... 1 624 1 061 4.1 2.7 0.5 0.4 40 001 33 0124 Askim ...... 1 621 1 312 11.6 9.4 0.5 0.5 13 986 34 1804 Bodø ...... 1 612 1 137 3.8 2.7 0.5 0.5 42 745 35 0214 Ås ...... 1 525 1 006 10.6 7.0 0.4 0.4 14 323 36 0233 Nittedal ...... 1 492 932 7.7 4.8 0.4 0.4 19 440 37 1124 Sola ...... 1 481 819 7.6 4.2 0.4 0.3 19 555 38 0604 Kongsberg ...... 1 460 827 6.3 3.6 0.4 0.3 23 154 39 0501 Lillehammer ...... 1 445 892 5.8 3.6 0.4 0.4 25 070 40 0605 Ringerike ...... 1 415 936 5.0 3.3 0.4 0.4 28 060

1 Persons with two foreign-born parents. 2 Own, mother’s or father’s country of birth. Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway.

30 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population

Table 2.1.7. Immigrant population1 , by two groups of country of origin2 . Urban districts of Oslo. 1 January 2004 Urban district All Background Immigrant Immigrant Popula- Popula- in Asia, population population in tion, tion, Africa,in district, whole country, of Oslo total South andper cent per cent as per- Central All Background All Background centage America, in Asia, in Asia, of Turkey Africa, Africa, total South and South and popula- Central Central tion America, America, Turkey Turkey

Whole Oslo ...... 113 942 80 157 21.8 15.4 32.7 41.5 11.4 521 886

01 Gamle Oslo ..... 11 444 8 974 33.1 26.0 3.3 4.6 0.8 34 579 02 Grünerløkka ... 9 628 6 922 26.2 18.8 2.8 3.6 0.8 36 779 03 Sagene ...... 5 842 4 021 20.3 14.0 1.7 2.1 0.6 28 816 04 St. Hanshaugen 4 406 1 988 16.5 7.4 1.3 1.0 0.6 26 728 05 Frogner ...... 7 187 2 398 16.0 5.3 2.1 1.2 1.0 45 042 06 Ullern ...... 3 090 1 204 11.5 4.5 0.9 0.6 0.6 26 977 07 Vestre Aker .... 4 398 1 629 10.9 4.0 1.3 0.8 0.9 40 424 08 Nordre Aker ... 4 575 2 273 11.4 5.6 1.3 1.2 0.9 40 235 09 Bjerke ...... 6 889 5 528 28.4 22.8 2.0 2.9 0.5 24 256 10 Grorud ...... 7 750 6 559 31.5 26.6 2.2 3.4 0.5 24 617 11 Stovner ...... 9 195 7 964 32.7 28.3 2.6 4.1 0.6 28 109 12 Alna ...... 14 958 12 484 34.3 28.6 4.3 6.5 1.0 43 612 13 Østensjø ...... 6 764 4 803 15.9 11.3 1.9 2.5 0.9 42 484 14 Nordstrand ..... 4 337 2 210 10.1 5.1 1.2 1.1 0.9 42 939 15 Søndre Nordstrand ..... 12 953 10 916 39.1 33.0 3.7 5.6 0.7 33 088 16 Sentrum ...... 194 108 39.2 21.8 0.1 0.1 - 495 17 Marka ...... 72 13 4.5 0.8 - - - 1 596 Unknown, without permanent address ...... 260 163 23.4 14.7 0.1 0.1 - 1 110

1 Persons with two foreign-born parents. 2 Own, mother’s or father’s country of birth (not Norway). Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway.

31 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

Table 2.1.8. Population by marital status, immigrant population’s country of origin1 and sex. 1 January 2004 Country of origin Marital status

Total Unmarried

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total population ...... 4 577 457 2 269 049 2 308 408 2 238 361 1 198 766 1 039 595 Norway ...... 4 228 517 2 096 651 2 131 866 2 085 300 1 115 842 969 458

Immigrant population, total . 348 940 172 398 176 542 153 061 82 924 70 137

Europe, total ...... 146 185 69 565 76 620 58 477 30 787 27 690 Bosnia and Herzegovina ...... 15 216 7 624 7 592 6 963 3 716 3 247 Denmark ...... 19 318 9 545 9 773 6 037 3 468 2 569 Finland ...... 6 957 2 886 4 071 3 049 1 426 1 623 Iceland ...... 3 921 1 931 1 990 2 112 1 083 1 029 Netherlands ...... 4 202 2 228 1 974 1 518 800 718 Poland ...... 7 590 2 718 4 872 2 593 1 230 1 363 Russia ...... 7 457 2 389 5 068 3 142 1 567 1 575 Serbia and Montenegro...... 11 070 5 744 5 326 5 798 3 149 2 649 United Kingdom ...... 10 945 6 404 4 541 2 718 1 815 903 Sweden ...... 22 871 10 506 12 365 10 785 5 390 5 395 Germany ...... 11 232 5 317 5 915 4 208 2 185 2 023

Africa, total ...... 40 488 22 363 18 125 21 325 11 817 9 508 Eritrea ...... 2 191 1 154 1 037 1 289 689 600 Ethiopia ...... 2 659 1 465 1 194 1 522 870 652 Morocco ...... 6 566 3 741 2 825 2 948 1 635 1 313 Somalia ...... 15 586 8 546 7 040 9 225 5 182 4 043

Asia, total ...... 139 653 70 051 69 602 65 753 36 255 29 498 Afghanistan ...... 4 851 2 895 1 956 2 972 1 834 1 138 Philippines ...... 7 374 1 837 5 537 2 235 1 018 1 217 India ...... 6 836 3 489 3 347 2 800 1 501 1 299 Iraq ...... 17 295 10 188 7 107 9 191 5 424 3 767 Iran ...... 13 506 7 535 5 971 6 611 3 988 2 623 Pakistan ...... 26 286 13 695 12 591 13 179 7 042 6 137 Sri Lanka ...... 11 918 6 159 5 759 5 685 3 089 2 596 Thailand ...... 5 910 911 4 999 1 584 740 844 Turkey ...... 12 971 7 140 5 831 5 531 3 002 2 529 Vietnam ...... 17 414 8 752 8 662 9 369 5 001 4 368

North America, total ...... 8 426 3 723 4 703 1 693 897 796

South and Central America, total ...... 13 158 6 141 7 017 5 473 2 950 2 523 Chile ...... 6 931 3 692 3 239 3 370 1 850 1 520

Oceania, total ...... 1 030 555 475 340 218 122

32 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population

Table 2.1.8. Population by marital status, immigrant population’s country of origin1 and sex. (cont.) 1 January 2004 Country of origin Marital status

Married Other2

Total Men Women Total Men Women

Total population ...... 1 687 878 845 547 842 331 651 218 224 736 426 482 Norway ...... 1 534 728 773 323 761 405 608 489 207 486 401 003

Immigrant population, total . 153 150 72 224 80 926 42 729 17 250 25 479

Europe, total ...... 65 672 30 158 35 514 22 036 8 620 13 416 Bosnia and Herzegovina ...... 6 920 3 502 3 418 1 333 406 927 Denmark ...... 9 389 4 505 4 884 3 892 1 572 2 320 Finland ...... 2 621 934 1 687 1 287 526 761 Iceland ...... 1 316 637 679 493 211 282 Netherlands ...... 2 155 1 159 996 529 269 260 Poland ...... 3 625 1 171 2 454 1 372 317 1 055 Russia ...... 3 596 728 2 868 719 94 625 Serbia and Montenegro...... 4 452 2 236 2 216 820 359 461 United Kingdom ...... 5 984 3 508 2 476 2 243 1 081 1 162 Sweden ...... 8 493 3 739 4 754 3 593 1 377 2 216 Germany ...... 5 128 2 468 2 660 1 896 664 1 232

Africa, total ...... 14 162 7 942 6 220 5 001 2 604 2 397 Eritrea ...... 657 356 301 245 109 136 Ethiopia ...... 844 457 387 293 138 155 Morocco ...... 2 818 1 588 1 230 800 518 282 Somalia ...... 4 806 2 758 2 048 1 555 606 949

Asia, total ...... 62 627 29 443 33 184 11 273 4 353 6 920 Afghanistan ...... 1 666 1 011 655 213 50 163 Philippines ...... 4 221 674 3 547 918 145 773 India ...... 3 457 1 752 1 705 579 236 343 Iraq ...... 7 196 4 284 2 912 908 480 428 Iran ...... 5 196 2 782 2 414 1 699 765 934 Pakistan ...... 11 813 6 145 5 668 1 294 508 786 Sri Lanka ...... 5 739 2 889 2 850 494 181 313 Thailand ...... 3 431 83 3 348 895 88 807 Turkey ...... 6 270 3 469 2 801 1 170 669 501 Vietnam ...... 6 593 3 196 3 397 1 452 555 897

North America, total ...... 4 814 2 237 2 577 1 919 589 1 330

South and Central America, total ...... 5 346 2 167 3 179 2 339 1 024 1 315 Chile ...... 2 390 1 258 1 132 1 171 584 587

Oceania, total ...... 529 277 252 161 60 101

1 Own, mother’s or father’s country of birth (where foreign) for persons with two foreign-born parents, otherwise Norway. 2 Divorced, widow/widower, separated or registered partnership and separated or surviving partner. Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway.

33 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

Table 2.1.9. Immigrant population1 , by five groups of country of origin2 and county. 1 January 2004 Country of origin Total Nordic West East North Asia, Africa, countries Europe Europe America Central and except and South Turkey Oceania America, Turkey

Total ...... 348 940 53 940 35 906 56 339 9 456 193 299

01 Østfold ...... 19 026 3 655 1 493 5 035 326 8 517 02 Akershus ...... 42 584 9 039 5 222 6 250 1 332 20 741 03 Oslo ...... 113 942 12 596 7 608 11 548 2 033 80 157 04 Hedmark ...... 7 805 1 894 792 1 681 168 3 270 05 Oppland ...... 7 527 1 412 836 1 811 173 3 295 06 Buskerud ...... 20 263 3 275 1 932 3 513 352 11 191 07 Vestfold ...... 13 484 2 599 1 659 2 885 437 5 904 08 Telemark ...... 9 710 1 655 1 023 2 080 209 4 743 09 Aust-Agder ...... 5 448 1 006 741 1 214 329 2 158 10 Vest-Agder ...... 11 675 1 421 1 225 2 840 715 5 474 11 Rogaland ...... 25 899 3 339 4 157 4 527 1 275 12 601 12 Hordaland ...... 23 937 2 801 3 436 3 474 912 13 314 14 Sogn og Fjordane ...... 4 313 674 681 834 112 2 012 15 Møre og Romsdal ...... 8 787 1 306 1 197 1 815 257 4 212 16 Sør-Trøndelag ...... 12 927 1 839 1 587 2 277 352 6 872 17 Nord-Trøndelag ...... 3 418 727 382 606 91 1 612 18 Nordland ...... 7 643 1 492 761 1 658 183 3 549 19 Troms ...... 6 489 1 678 956 1 152 175 2 528 20 Finnmark Finnmárku ..... 4 063 1 532 218 1 139 25 1 149

1 Persons with two foreign-born parents. 2 Own, mother’s or father’s country of birth. Source: Populations statistics, Statistics Norway.

34 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population

2.2. Demographic changes entire immigration surplus, and persons born in Norway with two foreign-born • From 1 January 2000 until 1 January parents for the excess of births (table 2004, the immigrant population increa- 2.2.1). sed by 66 500 persons. At the same time, the population as a whole increased by The immigrant population increased by 99 000. about 16 100 in 2003. The Asian immi- • From 2000-2003, the immigrant popula- grant population accounted for half of the tion had an excess of births of 13 700 increase. In relative terms however, the and an immigration surplus of 51 400. African immigrant population increased the most by 11 per cent. The Nordic immi- • In 2003, the immigrant population grant population showed a small decrease increased by 16 100 persons. (table 2.2.3). • The immigrant population growth in 2003 was due to a net immigration of In 2003, the excess of births for the immi- 12 300. grant population was 3 800. It was highest among Africans and Asians, with • Net immigration was largest among 2 500 and 1 000 respectively. The Nordic Russians with 1 600. and North-American immigrant popula- • 7 900 were granted Norwegian citizen- tion had a small birth loss. ship in 2003, which was 1 150 fewer than the previous year. The immigration surplus for the immigrant population was 11 700 in 2003, • The number of contracted marriages about 400 more than the total immigra- between two persons from the immi- tion surplus in Norway. Persons from Asia grant population has increased every had the largest immigration surplus with year in line with the increase in the 5 600, followed by those from Africa with immigrant population. 2 800 and East Europe with 2 500. • The highest total fertility rate (TFR) in 2003 was 3.24 for African women, Lower immigration surplus followed by 2.60 for Asian women. The Norway had a net immigration from lowest rate was 1.75 for West European abroad of 11 300 in 2003 – almost 6 000 women, which is on a par with less than in the previous year. Despite the Norwegian women. net immigration being much lower than in 2002, it was still higher than the average Changes in the immigrant population for the previous ten years. The immigrant population changes for the same reasons as the Norwegian populati- The decline in net migration is due to on - number of births, deaths, immigra- 4 200 fewer immigrations and 1 700 more tions and emigrations. From 2000-2003, emigrations than in 2002. The increase in the population in Norway increased by emigration is to a large extent caused by 99 000. The increase in the immigrant persons that are registered as emigrated population was about 66 5001 - where due to the changes in the registration in 13 700 was due to an excess of births and the National Population Register2. 51 400 to immigration surplus. First generation immigrants accounted for the

35 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

Figure 2.2.1. Immigration and emigration. 1972-2003 Numbers in 1 000 50

Immigrations Emigrations Net migration 40

-10 1972 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2003

Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway.

In 2003, there were 36 000 immigrations in immigration policies, as well as chan- and 24 700 emigrations. Since 1958, the ging needs for immigration and protection emigration figure has only been higher in in Norway. With regard to emigration, 1989, 2000 and 2001, and only from 1998 variations from one year to another are to 2000 and in 2002 has there been higher less than for immigration, and are mostly immigration than in 2003. Since 1971, determined by the economic cycles in Norway has had an immigration surplus Norway. every year except for 1989 (table 2.2.4 and figure 2.2.1). Largest net immigration from Russia Among foreign citizens, the highest net Almost every year since 1958 has seen a immigration was for Russians with 1 600, net emigration of Norwegian citizens. The which is an increase of almost 300 from figure peaked in 1989 when 9 300 more 2002. In recent years, there has been an Norwegian citizens moved from Norway increase in Russian women who have been than to Norway. Many of these moved granted a residence permit in order to get from a poor labour market in Norway to married. There has also been an increase a good labour market in Sweden. Among in the number of refugees with Russian foreign citizens there has been a net im- citizenship; some of whom are undoubted- migration almost every year since 1958. ly refugees from the war in Chechnya. In 2003, 10 300 Norwegian citizens mo- There was also a large net immigration by ved from Norway, while 9 200 moved to Somalis with 1 500, Afghanis with 1 300 Norway. and Thais with 800. People from Iraq, who had the largest net immigration in The immigration figure varies slightly 2002 with 2 400, only had a net immigra- from one year to another due to variations tion of 250 in 2003. The decrease in

36 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population

Figure 2.2.2. Net immigration of foreign citi- Fewer people became Norwegian zens. 2003 citizens In 2003, about 7 900 persons were gran- Russia ted Norwegian citizenship. This was 1 150 Somalia fewer than the year before, and 2 900 Afghanistan fewer than in 2001. Most Norwegian Thailand citizenships were granted to Bosnians with Iran 1 950. During the past four years, earlier Germany Bosnians have been granted more than Philippines 7 000 Norwegian citizenships. The high China number of naturalisations among earlier Turkey Bosnians is due to many of them having Pakistan been resident in Norway for 7 years, thus qualifying to apply for Norwegian citi- Poland zenship. Many persons who held Pakistani Burundi and Iraqi citizenships were also granted Iraq Norwegian citizenship with 500 and 400 Liberia respectively. Vietnam 0 500 1000 1500 2000 More than 7 000, or about 90 per cent, of Number those who were granted Norwegian citi- Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway. zenship in 2003 were previously citizens of a non-western country. The total number numbers is due to both increased emigra- of naturalisations from 1977 to 2004 is tion and decreased immigration. Citizens 155 000, and more than 130 000 of these from Liberia had for the first time a larger applied to non-western citizens (table net immigration to Norway with 250. The 2.2.5 and figure 2.2.3). immigrants from Liberia are refugees from the acts of war there (figure 2.2.2). Increase in the number of contracted marriages in immigrant population With regard to the figures from the new The number of contracted marriages EU members, there has been a larger between two persons from the immigrant decline in the net immigration for almost population has increased every year in line all the countries compared with 2002. with the increase of the immigrant popu- This is most likely to be connected with lation. In 1990, 920 marriages were con- the expansion of the EU. Either fewer tracted between two immigrants, or 4.2 people moved from their native country in per cent of all contracted marriages in this the hope of better times, or because from year. In 2003, the figure was 2 330 or 9.7 1 May 2004 it will be easier to move to per cent. The immigrant population has Norway and be granted a work permit and almost doubled from 1990 to 2004, and residence permit. Citizens from Poland mainly applies to persons with non-wes- made up the largest group in both 2002 tern backgrounds. The increase is closely and 2003, and it was also the group with related to the size of the group and the the largest decline. In 2003, there was a age structure. net immigration by Poles of 300 compared to 600 in 2002.

37 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

Figure 2.2.3. Western and non-western citizens who have obtained Norwegian citizenship. 1977- 2003

Numbers in 1 000 15

Western citizens Non-western citizens

0 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002

Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway.

Tables 2.2.6 and 2.2.7 show marriages The number of Norwegian men who mar- contracted in 1990 and 2003 by country ried an Asian woman increased in the of origin of the spouses. With regard to period 1990-2003. In 1990, 150 such marriages contracted between two per- marriages were contracted, and in 2003 sons with backgrounds from the same the figure was 1 130. Six hundred of these region, the figure has increased for all came from Thailand and 270 from the groups. In 1990, 375 marriages were Philippines. contracted between two persons from the same continent and in 2003 the figure The number of Norwegian men who mar- was 1 450. The increase was especially ried an East European woman also increa- large among those with Asian back- sed considerably in the same period. In grounds, from 245 in 1990 to 830 in 1990, only 65 marriages were contracted 2003, followed by East Europe from 21 to between an East European woman and 290 and Africa from 42 to 166. Norwegian man. The official figure for 2003 was 850, of which 400 women were Women from Russia, Thailand and from Russia (table 2.2.8). Philippines on top Of the Norwegian men who married About 11 300 marriages were dissolved by women from abroad, 74 per cent married divorce in 2003. In 880 cases, or 7.8 per a non-western woman. Eighteen per cent cent, both spouses had an immigrant of women came from western countries background (table 2.2.9). Marriages and in 8 per cent of the cases the informa- among immigrants seem to be stable. tion about country of origin was missing. Cross-national marriages seem to have a more mixed divorce pattern. Some years

38 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population ago, the divorce rate for marriages between Norwegian women and African men was so high that many suspected that it was related to pro-forma marriages. This pattern is no longer so evident (Østby 2001).

Higher fertility among women in the immigrant population Since the mid 1970s, the total fertility rate (TFR) in Norway has been lower than 2.1. This is the average number of children each woman needs to give birth to in order for the population in Norway to remain stable when immigration is not taken into account. TFR was lowest at the beginning of the 1980s - slightly below 1.7, while in the 1990s the figure was between 1.8 and 1.9. At the turn of the century, TRF decreased slightly, and in 2003 it was 1.80.

Norwegian women have generally had a lower TFR than what is estimated for Norway as a whole, while women in the immigrant population have had a higher TFR. This was also the case in 2003. Norwegian women had a TFR of 1.73 and those who belonged to the immigrant population had a TFR of 2.36. Figures from 2001 and 2002 were slightly lower for both groups than in 2003.

There were major differences in TFR among the different groups in the immigrant population. Women of western origin had a lower TFR than those of non- western origin, with 1.88 and 2.49 respectively. African women had the highest TFR with 3.24, followed by Asian women with 2.60. Women from West Europe had the lowest TFR with 1.75, at the same level as the Norwegian women. Women from the other Nordic countries had a slightly higher TFR than Norwegian women (table 2.2.10).

39 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

Table 2.2.1. Population 1 January 2000 and 2004 and changes for the period 2000-2003, by immigrant category Country Population Live Deaths Excess Immi- Emi- Net In- Popu- of origin 1 January births of gra- gra- migra- crease lation 2000 births tions tions tions in popu- 1 January lation1 2004

Population, total .... 4 478 497 227 822 174 926 52 896 146 885 100 783 46 102 98 960 4 577 457

Without immigrant background ...... 3 994 227 186 486 168 392 18 094 23 211 31 391 -8 180 8 621 4 002 848

With immigrant background, total .. 484 270 41 336 6 534 34 802 123 674 69 392 54 282 90 339 574 609 First generation immigrants without Norwegian background ...... 238 462 0 4 679 -4 679 111 275 57 056 54 219 50 642 289 104 Persons born in Norway with two foreign-born parents 44 025 18 608 180 18 428 1 474 4 315 -2 841 15 811 59 836 Foreign-born with one parent born in Norway ...... 22 791 3 193 -190 3 802 1 949 1 853 2 938 25 729 Born in Norway with one foreign-born parent ...... 147 805 22 725 1 315 21 410 3 225 5 278 -2 053 19 688 167 493 Foreign born with both parents born in Norway2 ...... 31 187 0 167 -167 3 898 794 3 104 1 260 32 447

Immigrant 3 population ...... 282 487 18 608 4 859 13 749 112 749 61 371 51 378 66 453 348 940

Non-immigrant population ...... 4 196 010 209 214 170 067 39 147 34 136 39 412 -5 276 32 507 4 228 517

1 The population increase is different if you take the difference between 1 January 2004 and 1 January 2003, or using births - deaths + immigration - emigration. This is due to data technical issues. 2 Foreign adopted persons are included here. 3 Sum of the categories "First generation immigrants without Norwegian background" and "Persons born in Norway with two foreign-born parents". Source: Populations statistics, Statistics Norway.

40 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population

Table 2.2.2. Population 1 January 2003 and 2004 and changes in 2003, by immigrant category Country Population Live Deaths Excess Immi- Emi- Net In- Popu- of origin 1 January births of gra- gra- migra- crease lation 2003 births tions tions tions in popu- 1 January lation1 2004

Population, total .... 4 552 252 56 458 42 478 13 980 35 957 24 672 11 285 25 205 4 577 457

Without immigrant background ...... 4 000 885 45 585 40 859 4 726 5 777 7 304 -1 527 1 963 4 002 848

With immigrant background, total .. 551 367 10 873 1 619 9 254 30 180 17 368 12 812 23 242 574 609 First generation immigrants without Norwegian background ...... 277 262 0 1 154 -1 154 27 067 14 403 12 664 11 842 289 104 Persons born in Norway with two foreign-born parents 55 531 5 034 49 4 985 345 1 127 -782 4 305 59 836 Foreign born with one parent born in Norway 24 927 2 47 -45 1 097 471 626 802 25 729 Born in Norway with one foreign-born parent ...... 161 981 5 837 325 5 512 806 1 203 -397 5 512 167 493 Foreign born with both parents born in Norway2 ...... 31 666 0 44 -44 865 164 701 781 32 447

Immigrant 3 population ...... 332 793 5 034 1 203 3 831 27 412 15 530 11 882 16 147 348 940 Non-immigrant population ...... 4 219 459 51 424 41 275 10 149 8 545 9 142 -597 9 058 4 228 517

41 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

Table 2.2.3. Population 1 January 2003 and 2004 and changes in 2003, by country of origin. Foreign country background applies to immigrant population Country Popu- Live Deaths Excess Immi- Emi- Net In- Popu- background lation births of gra- gra- mi- crease lation 1 Januay births tions tions gra- in 1 January 2003 tions2 popu- 2004 lation

Total ...... 4 552 252 56 458 42 478 13 980 35 957 24 672 11 285 25 205 4 577 457

Non-immigrant population ...... 4 219 459 51 424 41 275 10 149 8 545 9 142 -597 9 058 4 228 517

Immigrant population, total 332 793 5 034 1 203 3 831 27 412 15 530 11 882 16 147 348 940

Western countries . 98 933 535 771 -236 8 889 8 535 354 369 99 302 Non-western countries ...... 233 860 4 499 432 4 067 18 523 6 995 11 528 15 778 249 638 Nordic countries .... 54 277 304 402 -98 5 175 5 413 -238 -337 53 940 Rest of West Europe 35 243 214 203 11 2 915 2 269 646 663 35 906 East Europe ...... 53 249 705 173 532 4 547 2 020 2 527 3 090 56 339 North America and Oceania ...... 9 413 17 166 -149 799 853 -54 43 9 456 Africa, Asia, South and Central America, Turkey ...... 180 611 3 794 259 3 535 13 976 4 975 9 001 12 688 193 299

42 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population

Table 2.2.4. Migrations to and from abroad, by county. 1996-2003 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Immigration ...... 26 407 31 957 36 704 41 841 36 542 34 264 40 122 35 957 Emigration ...... 20 590 21 257 22 881 22 842 26 854 26 309 22 498 24 672

Net migration ...... 5 817 10 700 13 823 18 999 9 688 7 955 17 174 11 285 01 Østfold ...... 226 541 590 554 244 101 315 279 02 Akershus ...... 652 1 309 1 643 1 703 554 839 1 289 814 03 Oslo ...... 1 910 3 106 2 156 2 472 549 688 3 610 863 04 Hedmark ...... 191 333 349 880 526 145 575 376 05 Oppland ...... 95 239 506 893 478 259 672 615 06 Buskerud ...... 234 552 548 813 484 368 767 622 07 Vestfold ...... 205 434 505 692 324 261 646 227 08 Telemark ...... 187 451 530 721 478 405 451 640 09 Aust-Agder ...... 43 114 241 556 210 141 386 288 10 Vest-Agder ...... 166 187 390 1 023 451 294 838 693 11 Rogaland ...... 27 404 1 513 1 453 - 87 671 973 998 12 Hordaland ...... - 170 338 1 142 1 701 1 087 926 1 500 1 169 14 Sogn og Fjordane .... 263 236 387 294 352 417 541 272 15 Møre og Romsdal .... 260 399 618 758 832 454 1 045 665 16 Sør-Trøndelag ...... 234 507 642 1 001 603 439 1 036 388 17 Nord-Trøndelag ...... 137 153 435 514 389 212 401 408 18 Nordland ...... 499 708 615 1 453 1 076 739 990 1 025 19 Troms ...... 367 319 563 827 460 301 706 639 20 Finnmark Finnmárku 291 370 450 691 678 295 433 304

Source: Populations statistics, Statistics Norway.

43 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

Table 2.2.5. Naturalisations by previous citizenship and world region. 1977-2003 Western countries Non-western countries Total Western The West North Non- East Africa, Asia, Stateless countries, Nordic Europe, America western Europe Turkey and and total coun- else and countries, South and unknown tries Oceania total Central America 1977-2003 155 224 23 163 11 301 9 519 2 343 130 399 25 346 105 053 1 662 1977 ...... 2 213 1 436 814 491 131 693 168 525 84 1978 ...... 2 501 1 414 710 584 120 1 021 230 791 66 1979 ...... 2 242 1 318 592 599 127 850 136 714 74 1980 ...... 2 680 1 438 553 721 164 1 116 165 951 126 1981 ...... 2 441 1 291 541 574 176 1 069 138 931 81 1982 ...... 3 095 1 430 534 735 161 1 611 192 1 419 54 1983 ...... 1 754 667 374 234 59 1 072 128 944 15 1984 ...... 2 798 807 387 361 59 1 959 262 1 697 32 1985 ...... 2 851 948 470 397 81 1 882 213 1 669 21 1986 ...... 2 486 756 365 318 73 1 715 186 1 529 15 1987 ...... 2 370 590 308 229 53 1 761 165 1 596 19 1988 ...... 3 364 588 271 255 62 2 768 272 2 496 8 1989 ...... 4 622 733 366 302 65 3 875 600 3 275 14 1990 ...... 4 757 572 279 248 45 4 173 433 3 740 12 1991 ...... 5 055 538 251 227 60 4 506 441 4 065 11 1992 ...... 5 132 544 252 236 56 4 578 485 4 093 10 1993 ...... 5 538 678 337 266 75 4 839 610 4 229 21 1994 ...... 8 778 802 403 316 83 7 932 1 054 6 878 44 1995 ...... 11 778 608 283 265 60 11 097 1 343 9 754 73 1996 ...... 12 237 627 248 294 85 11 530 1 049 10 481 80 1997 ...... 12 037 763 351 322 90 10 887 1 178 9 709 387 1998 ...... 9 244 705 351 275 79 8 408 1 111 7 297 131 1999 ...... 7 988 786 467 239 80 7 125 1 728 5 397 77 2000 ...... 9 517 849 494 274 81 8 619 2 818 5 801 49 2001 ...... 10 838 770 473 222 75 10 014 4 724 5 290 54 2002 ...... 9 041 737 394 286 57 8 248 2523 5 725 56 2003 ...... 7 867 768 433 249 86 7 051 2 994 4 057 48

Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway.

44 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population

Table 2.2.6. Marriages contracted1 , by country of origin2 of male and female. 2003 Country of origin of female Country of Total Nor- Rest of East West Asia Africa North South State- origin of male way Nordic Euro- Europe inclu- America and less coun- pe ding and Central and tries Turkey Oceania America unknown Total ...... 24 119 18 579 398 1 244 259 2 185 338 129 357 630 Norway ...... 20 008 16 797 292 853 178 1 133 100 114 278 263 Rest of Nordic countries ...... 437 321 59 12 6 25 2 1 6 5 East Europe ...... 516 173 5 292 2 3 2 2 1 36 West Europe ...... 439 326 14 11 54 15 3 3 3 10 Asia including Turkey ...... 1 433 309 8 30 9 831 11 6 5 224 Africa ...... 461 186 5 4 4 7 166 3 2 84 North America and Oceania ...... 163 97 2 4 1 3 . . 48 8 South and Central America ...... 168 147 2 5 2 9 2 . 1 . Stateless and unknown ...... 494 223 11 33 3 159 52 . 13 .

1 At least one of the spouses resident in Norway. 2 If not Norway, then the person has two foreign-born parents and four foreign-born grandparents. If foreign, own, mother’s or father’s country of birth is used.

Table 2.2.7. Marriages contracted1 , by country of origin2 of male and female. 1990 Country of origin of female Country of Total Nor- Rest of East West Asia Africa North South State- origin of male way Nordic Euro- Europe inclu- America and less coun- pe ding and Central and tries Turkey Oceania America unknown Total ...... 21 926 19 736 364 112 142 498 71 60 62 881 Norway ...... 19 635 18 367 302 66 116 147 12 54 39 532 Rest of Nordic countries ...... 281 222 38 2 3 3 1 - 1 11 East Europe ...... 143 83 4 21 1 3 - - - 31 West Europe ...... 205 170 4 5 11 2 - 2 1 10 Asia including Turkey ...... 610 120 4 4 2 245 3 1 3 228 Africa ...... 222 109 4 3 - 3 42 1 - 60 North America and Oceania ...... 61 54 1 1 3 2 - - 9 - South and Central America ...... 56 35 1 1 1 - - - - 9 Stateless and unknown ...... 713 576 6 9 5 93 13 2 9 .

45 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

Table 2.2.8. Marriages contracted1, by country of origin of male and female2.. Selected nationalities. 2003 Both with same Country of origin Country of origin country of origin of male is of female is Norwegian and Norwegian and country of origin of country of origin of female is foreign male is foreign

Norway ...... 16 797 16 797 16 797 Denmark ...... 15 72 111 Sweden ...... 22 150 166 Bosnia and Herzegovina ...... 69 8 13 Serbia and Montenegro...... 66 13 60 Russia ...... 18 404 7 Turkey ...... 115 21 120 Philippines ...... 12 269 Iraq ...... 83 4 57 Iran ...... 78 14 29 Pakistan ...... 122 9 13 Sri Lanka ...... 70 10 9 Thailand ...... 12 598 7 Vietnam ...... 121 47 5 Morocco ...... 31 .. 30 Somalia ...... 29 16 ..

Table 2.2.9. Divorces1 , by country of origin of male and female2 . 2003 Country of origin of male Country of origin of female Total Norway Europe, Asia, Africa North South and Un- except including America Central known Turkey Turkey and America Oceania Total ...... 11 265 9 585 596 622 215 48 109 90 Norway ...... 9 563 8 761 408 234 36 43 66 15 Europe, except Turkey...... 560 377 142 13 3 1 2 22 Asia, including Turkey ...... 593 186 20 354 5 - 1 27 Africa ...... 282 116 8 3 129 1 - 25 North America and Oceania . 76 71 2 1 - 2 - - South and Central America .. 81 40 2 - 1 - 37 1 Unknown ...... 110 34 14 17 41 1 3 -

1 At least one of the spouses resident in Norway, and at least one of the spouses with two foreign-born parents. 2 If born in a foreign country, own, mother’s or father’s country of birth.

46 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population

Table 2.2.10. Total fertility rate1 . 2001-2003 Country of origin 2001 2002 2003

Total population ...... 1,78 1,75 1,80 Non-immigrant population ...... 1,73 1,69 1,73 Immigrant population, total2 ...... 2,33 2,32 2,36 Nordic countries ...... 1,89 1,85 1,89 West Europe ...... 1,90 2,03 1,75 East Europe ...... 1,84 1,83 1,90 North America and Oceania ...... 2,05 1,86 2,11 South and Central America ...... 2,29 1,91 2,05 Asia, including Turkey ...... 2,61 2,58 2,60 Africa ...... 3,18 3,13 3,24 Western countries ...... 1,90 1,91 1,88 Non-western countries ...... 2,47 2,43 2,49

1 Total of one-year-age-specific fertility rates 15-49 years. The avereage number of live-born children born to a woman passing through the child-bearing period exposed at each age to the existing fertility but not exposed to mortality. 2 The fertility of women who have two foreign born-parents and four foreign-born grandparents. Source: Statistics Norway.

2.3. Refugees Refugees represented 5.2 per cent of the population of the Norwegian capital. • About 100 000 persons with refugee backgrounds were living in Norway at • In 2003, nearly 15 600 persons applied the beginning of January 2004, thereby for asylum in Norway. Asylum seekers making up 2.2 per cent of the total came from 111 different countries. population. • Nearly 1 760 persons were granted • Three quarters of the refugees were political asylum in Norway in 2003, and registered as principal applicants on 3 200 persons were granted residence on 1 January 2004, while the rest came to humanitarian grounds. One thousand Norway as relatives of refugees. and five hundred came through family reunification to persons who had been • Seventy-four per cent of the refugee granted protection. population came from third world countries, and 26 per cent came from 100 000 with refugee backgrounds East Europe. During 2003, the number of persons with • Refugees from Iraq and Bosnia and a refugee background increased by 5 800. Herzegovina were the two largest groups At the beginning of January 2004, with 14 000 and 12 600, respectively. Norway’s refugee population totalled almost 100 000 people. With an increase • Refugees aged 20-49 made up 64 per of 1 100 in 2003, the Somali refugee cent of the refugees, while only 5 per population had the strongest growth. cent were aged 60 years or older. • By 1 January 2004, there were approxi- Almost 75 per cent of the refugee popula- mately 13 000 more male refugees than tion was registered as principal appli- female. cants, while 25 per cent came to Norway as dependants (table 2.3.1). • Oslo was the county with the highest number of refugees, 27 000 and 27 per cent of all the refugees in the country.

47 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

One quarter of the refugees from East More men Europe On 1 January 2004, there were approxi- The definition "refugee" refers to first mately 13 000 more male refugees than generation immigrants (family included), female. The male surplus is particularly who have come to Norway to seek protec- strong among refugees from third world tion, and have been granted asylum or countries, such as Iraq, Iran, Sri Lanka residence on humanitarian grounds. and Somalia, while the gender balance is Refugees made up 40 per cent of the total more equal among the East European non-western immigrant population on refugees, due to the fact that refugees from 1 January 2004. Children born in Norway the Balkans often constitute whole by refugees do not count in the statistics families. of refugees. Around one quarter of the refugee population came from East Euro- The majority live in Oslo pe, while the rest came from third world The refugee population increased in all countries (Asia, Africa, South and Central Norwegian counties in 2003 but Oslo is America and Turkey). Refugees from Iraq still the county with the most refugees. and Bosnia and Herzegovina were the two Around 27 000 refugees lived in Oslo, largest groups with 14 000 and 12 600 which accounts for 27 per cent of the total respectively (table 2.3.1). number of refugees in Norway. Refugees in Oslo made up 5.2 per cent of the city’s Less than half have ten years residence total population. Most refugees lived in At the beginning of 2004, 51 per cent of Oslo and Akershus. The fewest refugees the refugees had lived in Norway for less are found in Finnmark and Nord-Trønde- than ten years. Thirty-five per cent had lag (table 2.3.3). lived in the country for less than five years, while only 6 per cent had 20 years of residence or more (table 2.3.2). Figure 2.3.1. Population total and refugees, by age and sex. 1 January 2004. Per Thirty-three per cent, or 3 500, of the cent Vietnamese refugees had more than 20 MenAge Women years of residence. Among those with the 90+ 85-89 shortest durations of stay, i.e. less than 80-84 five years, are the Russian and Afghani 75-79 70-74 refugees with more than 90 per cent. 65-69 60-64 55-59 Few old people among the refugees 50-54 45-49 The refugee population is younger than 40-44 the Norwegian population: 24 per cent of 35-39 30-34 the refugees were younger than 20 and 25-29 only 5 per cent were 60 years or older. 20-24 15-19 The proportion of persons younger than 10-14 20 in the population as a whole was 5-9 0-4 about the same as for refugees, but there 86420 02468 are major differences in the older age Per cent Per cent Norwegian population, total groups. On 1 January 2004, 19 per cent Refugee population of the total population was over 60 Source: Population statistics, Statistics Norway. (figure 2.3.1). 48 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population

About the statistics the course of one year. The greatest num- Statistics on refugees are produced annually. ber of these (65 per cent) was resettlement The data are based on a coordinated effort refugees. Six hundred of those who in 1994 to pool the data from Statistics applied were granted political asylum in Norway’s population statistics system and Norway and 3 200 were granted residence the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration’s on humanitarian grounds. One thousand Fremkon register and Refugee Register. The and five hundred came through family statistics are produced in order to be able to reunification. The total number of persons analytically separate people with refugee that were granted protection including backgrounds from other immigrants, and are not intended to replace the statistics on family members reunited with these prin- applications and legal decisions produced by cipal applicants, was 6 400 in 2003, a the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration. reduction of 2 400 persons compared to 2002. The decrease is mainly due to the fewer number of family reunifications Asylum seekers arriving in 2003 permits issued, which has fallen by 27 per Just over 15 600 persons applied for cent compared to 2002 (table 2.3.5). asylum in Norway in 2003, which is 10 per cent fewer than in 2002, but the sec- Unaccompanied minor asylum seekers ond highest number of asylum seekers ever Unaccompanied minor asylum seekers are in a single year (figure 2.3.2). Asylum persons under eighteen who arrive in seekers came from 111 different countries. Norway and apply for asylum without More than 43 per cent came from Europe, being accompanied by parents or other 33 per cent from Asia and 22 per cent persons with parental responsibility. There from Africa. The greatest number of was a steady increase in the number of applications came from Serbia and unaccompanied minor asylum seekers to Montenegro (2 180), Afghanistan (2 032), Russia (1 893) and Somalia (1601). Figure 2.3.2. Number of asylum seekers to Altogether, persons from these countries Norway. 1990-2003 accounted for more than half of all asylum seekers in Norway in 2003. Numbers in 1 000 20 Compared with 2002, there was a marked decreased from 1 600 to less than 1 000 asylum seekers from Iraq. The number of 15 asylum seekers from the Ukraine fell by 90 per cent, from 770 to 90. The greatest increase was in the number of applicants from Afghanistan, which increased from 10 786 in 2002 to 2 032 in 2003.

Record numbers granted asylum, fewer 5 granted protection In 2003, 1 758 persons were granted asylum in Norway, which is 60 more than 0 in 2002. Never before have so many 1992 1995 1998 2001 people been granted asylum in Norway in Source: The Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.

49 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

Definitions Norway in the 1990s. This figure peaked Refugee: in the legal sense, the term "refu- in 2003 when 916 asylum seekers reported gee" applies to resettlement refugees and that they were unaccompanied minors asylum seekers who have been granted when they arrived. Half of these were asylum. This is also a common term applied children from Asia, and a third were from to a person who is fleeing, for example Afghanistan (table 2.3.6). because of war, unrest, human rights viola- tions or environmental catastrophes. In connection with refugee assistance in Nor- Table 2.3.1. Refugees1 , by country of origin way, the term "refugee" is used for resettle- and refugee status. 1 January 2004 ment refugees and asylum seekers who have Country of origin Refugees been granted asylum or residence on huma- Total Principal By nitarian grounds. applicants family connection Asylum seeker: a person who on his or her to refugee2 own initiative, and without prior warning, asks for protection and recognition as a Total ...... 99 427 73 154 26 273 refugee. This person is called an asylum Of these from seeker until a decision has been made on the East Europe ..... 26 006 21 097 4 909 application. Asia, Africa, South and Resettlement refugee: refugees who are Central America, permitted to come to Norway following an Turkey ...... 73 269 51 942 21 327 organised selection, normally in conjunction Selected with the UN High Commissioner for Refuge- countries es (UNHCR). In accordance with a proposal Iraq ...... 14 035 8 938 5 097 from the government, the Parliament (Stor- Bosnia and ting) determines a quota for the number of Herzegovina .... 12 572 9 295 3 277 resettlement refugees to be received by Somalia ...... 10 930 6 997 3 933 Norway each year. Resettlement refugees Vietnam ...... 10 312 6 736 3 576 were previously referred to as quota refu- Iran ...... 10 137 8 891 1 246 gees. Serbia and Montenegro .... 6 837 5 994 843 Sri Lanka ...... 5 183 3 408 1 775 Family reunification: residence or work Chile ...... 4 608 3 502 1 106 permit granted to close family members of a Afghanistan ..... 3 830 2 728 1 102 Norwegian national or foreign national with Turkey ...... 1 851 880 971 legal residence in Norway. Family reunifica- Croatia ...... 1 832 1 637 195 tion mainly applies to spouse and children Ethiopia ...... 1 630 1 282 348 under 18 years of age. Russia ...... 1 340 1 286 54 Eritrea ...... 1 201 958 243 Source: Norwegian Directorate of Immigration, Facts and Pakistan ...... 1 078 757 321 figures 2003. 1 The definition «refugee» refers to persons resident in Norway, who have fled to Norway (family included) irrespective of whether he has received refugee status (Geneva Convention). Children born in Norway to refugees are not included. 2 Residence or work permit granted to close family members of foreign citizens with legal residence in Norway. This also applies to family members of Norwegian citizens. Family reunification mainly applies to spouses and children under 18 years of age.

50 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population

Table 2.3.2. Refugees1, by country of origin and duration of residence in Norway. 1 January 2004 Country of origin Refugees, Refugees Refugees Duration of residence. Year total with Nor- with wegian foreign citizenship citizenship 0-4 5-9 10-19 20- Total ...... 99 427 50 541 48 886 35 152 15 814 42 483 5 978 Of these from East Europe ...... 26 006 13 599 12 407 7 066 6 914 10 861 1 165 Asia, Africa, South and Central America, Turkey ... 73 269 36 880 36 389 28 061 8 889 31 540 4 779

Selected countries Iraq ...... 14 035 2 542 11 493 9 670 2 497 1 856 12 Bosnia and Herzegovina .... 12 572 7 283 5 289 799 5 238 6 532 3 Somalia ...... 10 930 3 193 7 737 6 251 2 147 2 530 2 Vietnam ...... 10 312 9 959 353 13 512 6 336 3 451 Iran ...... 10 137 6 274 3 863 2 514 1 568 6 040 15 Serbia and Montenegro.... 6 837 3 039 3 798 3 395 1 345 2 088 9 Sri Lanka ...... 5 183 4 150 1 033 466 638 3 988 91 Chile ...... 4 608 3 294 1 314 6 63 3 777 762 Afghanistan ...... 3 830 288 3 542 3 418 100 311 1 Turkey ...... 1 851 1 437 414 292 93 1 440 26 Croatia ...... 1 832 386 1 446 1 225 206 397 4 Ethiopia ...... 1 630 538 1 092 958 153 441 78 Russia ...... 1 340 80 1 260 1 237 34 65 4 Eritrea ...... 1 201 983 218 153 70 903 75 Pakistan ...... 1 078 603 475 328 55 665 30

1 The definition «refugee» refers to persons resident in Norway, who have fled to Norway (family included), irrespective of whether they have received refugee status (Geneva Convention). Children born in Norway to refugees are not included.

51 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

Table 2.3.3. Refugees1 , by county. 1 January 2004 Refugees Per cent of population

Total ...... 99 427 2.2 01 Østfold ...... 6 477 2.5 02 Akershus ...... 10 376 2.1 03 Oslo ...... 26 925 5.2 04 Hedmark...... 2 800 1.5 05 Oppland ...... 2 991 1.6 06 Buskerud...... 5 704 2.4 07 Vestfold ...... 4 406 2.0 08 Telemark ...... 3 683 2.2 09 Aust-Agder ...... 1 905 1.8 10 Vest-Agder ...... 4 678 2.9 11 Rogaland ...... 7 585 2.0 12 Hordaland ...... 7 429 1.7 14 Sogn og Fjordane ...... 1 283 1.2 15 Møre og Romsdal ...... 2 700 1.1 16 Sør-Trøndelag ...... 4 475 1.7 17 Nord-Trøndelag ...... 1 216 1.0 18 Nordland ...... 2 540 1.1 19 Troms ...... 1 509 1.0 20 Finnmark Finnmárku ..... 745 1.0

1 The definition "refugee" refers to persons resident in Norway, who have fled to Norway (family included), irrespective of whether they have received refugee status (Geneva Convention). Children born in Norway to refugees are not included.

52 Immigration and Immigrants 2004 Immigrant population

Table 2.3.4. Asylum seekers, by country. 1988-2003 Country Annual average 1988- 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1990 Total ..... 4 999 4 569 5 238 12 876 3 379 1 460 1 778 2 273 8 543 10 16010 843 14 782 17 48015 613

Selected countries Bosnia and Herzegovina . . 390 7 051 201 106 73 90 236 161 272 907 810 657 Bulgaria . .. 79 42 8 .. 6 5 9 14 6 12 950 359 110 Croatia .. . . 44 68 78 29 .. 55 2 452 60 16 1 216 139 51 Romania .. 54 59 74 46 10 8 19 77 153 712 203 247 206 Russia ...... 75 69 50 39 141 318 471 1 318 1 718 1 893 Serbia and Montenegro ...... 1 561 146 76 343 1 666 1 152 4 188 928 2 460 2 180 Ukraine ...... 15 8 8 13 34 131 1 027 772 92 Ethiopia . 278 260 42 29 7 18 30 48 81 126 96 173 325 287 Somalia . 408 731 444 259 251 189 180 552 955 1 340 910 1 080 1 534 1 601 Afghanistan ...... 9 10 3 16 45 172 326 603 786 2 032 Iraq ...... 112 131 111 137 126 99 113 272 1 317 4 073 766 1 056 1 624 938 Iran ...... 680 244 130 147 160 163 120 138 270 350 327 412 450 608 Pakistan 163 14 17 23 26 31 16 26 146 265 220 186 216 92 Sri Lanka 374 556 403 255 233 90 413 196 173 112 165 164 87 64 Turkey ... 211 46 32 30 30 35 24 44 131 279 164 204 257 235 Stateless .. 201 49 120 27 59 19 42 85 164 120 194 391 366

Source: The Norwegian Directorate of Immigration Annual Report 2003.

Table 2.3.5. Persons granted protection. 1990-2003 Permits/consents 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Asylum1 ...... 1 104 1 265 1 536 571 243 359 600 Residence permit on humanitarian grounds 1 473 1 877 1 494 757 5 656 1 909 865 Collective assessments, including resettlement refugees2 ...... 1 172 8 167 1 137 1 973 782 Family reunification ...... 1 290 935 980 952 570 361 661 Total3 ...... 3 867 4 077 5 182 10 447 7 606 4 602 2 908

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Asylum1 ...... 1 368 1 226 1 661 1 582 1 565 1 697 1 758 Residence permit on humanitarian grounds 726 1 813 3 032 3 199 4 301 3 284 3 180 Collective assessments, including resettle- 2 ment refugees ...... 495 267 8 059 . . . . Family reunification ...... 882 915 1 542 1 778 1 492 3 804 1 478 Total3 ...... 3 471 4 221 14 294 8 578 7 398 8 785 6 416

1 Includes all that have been granted political asylum, also resettlement refugees. 2 Until 1 January 1999, decisions following a collective assessement refer to persons from Bosnia and Herzegovina. From 30 April until 6 August 1999, the figures refer to Kosovo refugees. 3 In 2000, also including 2 019 asylum seekers from Iraq granted temporary permit to stay by UDI, and 40 persons from Iraq with limited permission to stay in 2001. Source: The Norwegian Directorate of Immigration. Fremkon/DUF, the UDI’s Refugee Register and manual counts of 2nd instance asylum decisions.

53 Immigrant population Immigration and Immigrants 2004

Table 2.3.6. Unaccompanied minor asylum seekers, by country of origin. 1995-2003 Country 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Total ...... 106 107 376 466 386 556 561 894 916 Afghanistan ...... 1 1 1 3 7 36 41 144 306 Albania ...... - 4 1 - 2 3 17 2 10 Algeria ...... 2 2 4 4 3 7 9 26 11 Angola ...... 1 - - - 1 1 1 3 28 Bosnia and Herzegovina . 3 - 12 11 - 4 4 3 1 Burundi ...... - - - 1 - - 2 4 11 Eritrea ...... - 1 8 14 13 9 25 37 24 Ethiopia ...... 1 10 25 24 26 22 44 59 57 Guinea ...... ------2510 Belarus ...... - - - 1 1 9 5 12 11 Iraq ...... 3 3 24 36 141 80 87 190 108 Iran ...... 5 1 10 12 4 9 4 10 11 Croatia ...... 1 - 2 36 - - 1 - - Lithuania ...... 2 1 4 1 1 6 5 5 10 Mongolia ...... -----118109 Nigeria ...... - - 2 - 1 4 1 12 14 Romania ...... - - 2 1 2 13 5 6 1 Russia ...... 1 1 3 13 4 20 37 21 26 Serbia and Montenegro. 3 5 34 65 22 93 15 29 19 Sierra Leone ...... - - - 1 3 18 2 2 5 Slovakia ...... ----11612- Somalia ...... 55 33 139 154 103 114 99 133 117 Sri Lanka ...... 2 24 66 72 34 58 60 39 20 Stateless ...... 10 2 5 2 2 2 12 13 18 Sudan ...... 3 1 4 2 - 3 5 9 4 Others ...... 13 18 30 13 15 28 59 118 85

1 Age stated on arrival. Source: The Norwegian Directorate of Immigration Annual Report 2003.

Notes 1 The population growth is measured as the difference between the population on 1 January 2000 and 1 January 2004 and births - deaths + immigrations - emigration is slightly different due to data technical issues. This is also the case for the population as a whole and individual years. 2 For more detailed information: http:// www.ssb.no/innvutv