DOCSLIB.ORG

(Mecoptera) in Norway

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Mecoptera) in Norway © Norwegian Journal of Entomology. 21 June 2011 Distribution of Boreus westwoodi Hagen, 1866 and Boreus hyemalis (L., 1767) (Mecoptera) in Norway SIGMUND HÅGVAR & EIVIND ØSTBYE Hågvar, S. & Østbye, E. 2011. Distribution of Boreus westwoodi Hagen, 1866 and Boreus hyemalis (L., 1767) (Mecoptera) in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 58, 73–80. An extensive material collected during nearly fifty years adds new detailed information on the distribution of the winter active insects Boreus westwoodi Hagen, 1866 and B. hyemalis (L., 1767) in Norway. Since females are difficult to identify, the new data rely on males. Based on the revised Strand-system, the following geographical regions are new to B. westwoodi: Ø, BØ, VAY, ON, TEI, TEY, MRI, MRY, and TRY. For B. hyemalis, AK, BØ, TEI, RY, SFI, and NTI are new regions. While B. westwoodi is widespread in Norway, including the three northernmost counties, B. hyemalis seems to be restricted to the south, with the northernmost record in NTI. In Sweden, the situation is similar: B. westwoodi is widespread, while B. hyemalis has been recorded as far north as Västerbotten, at a latitude corresponding to the northernmost record in Norway. The known distribution of both species in Norway is presented on EIS-grid map. Key words: Boreus hyemalis, Boreus westwoodi, Mecoptera, distribution, Norway. Sigmund Hågvar, Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432 Ås, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] Eivind Østbye, Ringeriksveien 580, NO-3410 Sylling, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction county was described by Greve (1966). B. hyemalis was not recorded from Norway until The cold tolerant and wingless species of the Greve (1965) documented the species from an genus Boreus Latreille (Fig. 1) are famous for alpine habitat near Finse. Later, Fjellberg & their activity on snow. The genus has a Holarctic Greve (1968) and Greve (1975, 1976) published distribution (Svensson 1972) with two Norwegian numerous new localities for both species. The species: Boreus westwoodi Hagen, 1866 (Figs. synopsis of described Boreus species published by 1 & 4) and Boreus hyemalis (L., 1767). Their Svensson (1972) did not contain new information cold tolerance was studied by Sømme & Østbye of their distribution in Norway. The material (1969), and migration behaviour on snow and presented here will shed a more complete light on phenology of egg-laying by Hågvar (2001). A the distribution of the two species. Fennoscandian review on their ecology was given in Hågvar (2010). However, few entomologists collect winter active insects, and the knowledge Material and methods on the distribution of the two Boreus species in Norway has been limited. The present material was collected during a period Tjeder (1940, 1945) presented a few records of nearly fifty years, to a large degree by the two of B. westwoodi from both Southern and Northern authors, but also by a number of other persons. Norway. A mass occurrence on snow in Buskerud Practically all specimens were taken on the snow 73 Hågvar & Østbye: Distribution of Boreus in Norway FIGURE 1. .Boreus westwoodi Hagen, 1866, male. Photo: Arnstein Staverløkk (www.naturogbilde.no). surface, some specimens were also found in the 1981), the following geographical regions are stomach of birds collected on Hardangervidda.. new to B. westwoodi: Ø, BØ, VAY, ON, TEI, TEY, The material examined is from the authors private MRI, MRY, and TRY. For B. hyemalis, AK, BØ, collections, and also from numerous museum TEI, RY, SFI, and NTI are new regions. Earlier collections: Zoological Museum at Natural known Strand regions for the two species are History Museum of Oslo (NHMO), Zoological listed in Table 1. Confirmed records in several Museum of Bergen (ZMB), Tromsø Museum regions are included in the present publication, see (TM), The NTNU Museum of Natural History detailed information below. and Archaeology in Trondheim (VMT), and Helgeland Museum, Natural History Department, Mo i Rana (RMZ). Only male specimens were New localities of Boreus westwoodi in Norway. examined, because it is difficult to identify female AK, Bærum: Valler, EIS 28, 3 April 1968, 2♂♂, specimens to species, due to their similarity in the leg. Hågvar, S.; Hurdal : Skrukkelia, EIS 45, 10 appearance.. The private material, in alcohol, has January 1974, 2♂♂, leg. Hågvar, S.; 25 March been deposited in the Zoological Museum, Oslo. 1975, 4♂♂, leg. Hågvar, S.; Nannestad: Tømte, Steinsgård, EIS 37, 1 December 1966, 1♂, leg. Østbye, E.; Nesodden: Helvik, EIS 28, 10 April Results 1981, 1♂, leg. Simonsen, J. H.; Oslo: Kjelsås- Moliksåsen, Nordmarka, EIS 36, 26-27 February Figs 2–3 give updated information on the 1967, 2♂♂, leg. Mysterud, I.; Sognsvann, EIS 28, Norwegian distribution of B. westwoodi and B. 17 January 1965, 1♂, leg. Andersen, J.; Sørkedalen, hyemalis, illustrated by the EIS-grid system. EIS 28, 8 April 1934, 3♂♂, leg. Sømme (NHMO); Based on the revised Strand-system (Økland Sørkedalen, Kjelsås, EIS 36, 17 March 1965, 74 Norwegian Journal of Entomology 58, 73–80 (2011) 1 8 9 8 8 1 8 5 1 8 7 1 8 6 1 8 4 1 8 3 1 7 8 1 8 2 1 1 1 7 7 1 8 6 177 1 8 0 1 7 6 9 1 7 9 7 5 1 1 6 8 1 7 4 1 1173 7 3 1 7 2 7 1 7 1 1 6 6 0 1 7 0 1 6 6 1 1 6 5 1 6 4 5 9 1 6 3 1 1621 6 2 1581 5 8 1 6 1 1 5 7 1561 5 6 1551 5 5 1 5 1 1154 5 4 1 5 0 1 5 2 1 5 3 1 4 9 1 4 8 1471 4 7 148 4 5 1146 4 6 1 4 3 1 4 4 1 1 1 4 2 4 0 1 4 3 8 1 3 9 1 1 3 6 1 3 7 1 4 1 3 5 1 3 3 1 3 2 0 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 9 1 3 2 7 1 2 8 1 2 5 1 2 6 1 3 1 2 4 1 2 1 1122 2 2 1123 2 1 1 9 1 2 0 1 1 7 1 1 8 1 6 1 1 3 1 1 4 1 1 5 1 1 1 2 1 0 9 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 5 1 0 6 1 0 7 1108 08 4 1 0 0 1 0 1 1102 0 2 1 0 3 1 0 9 5 9 6 9 7 9 8 9 9 9 0 9 1 929 2 993 3 9 4 8 3 848 4 858 5 8 6 878 7 8 8 8 9 7 5 7 6 7 7 7 8 797 9 80 818 1 8 2 6 6 6 7 6 8 6 9 7 0 7 1 772 2 7 3 7 4 5 7 5 8 5 9 6 0 6 1 626 2 6 3 646 4 6 5 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 535 3 545 4 555 5 5 6 393 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 444 4 445 5 4 6 4 7 3 0 3 1 3 2 333 3 3434 353 5 363 6 373 7 3 8 2 2 2 3 2 4 252 5 2 6 272 7 2828 2 9 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 191 9 220 0 2 1 7 8 9 1 0 111 1 1 2 3 4 55 6 1 22 FIGURE 2. Records of Boreus westwoodi Hagen, 1866 in Norway based on the EIS grid. (Two old records in Northern Norway have unknown EIS numbers: One record from >Eastern Finnmark, FØ, and one from inner part of Southern Nordland, NSI (Tjeder 1945). 75 Hågvar & Østbye: Distribution of Boreus in Norway 1 8 9 8 8 1 8 5 1 8 7 1 8 6 1 8 4 1 8 3 1 7 8 1 8 2 1 1 1 7 7 1 8 6 1 8 0 1 7 6 9 1 7 9 7 5 1 1 6 8 1 7 4 1 1 7 3 1 7 2 7 1 7 1 1 6 6 0 1 7 0 1 6 6 1 1 6 5 1 6 4 5 9 1 6 3 1 1 6 2 1 5 8 1 6 1 1 5 7 1 5 6 1 5 5 1 5 1 1 5 4 1 5 0 1 5 2 1 5 3 1 4 9 4 8 1 4 7 1 4 5 1 4 6 1 4 3 1 4 4 1 1 1 4 2 4 0 1 4 3 8 1 3 9 1 1 3 6 1 37 1 4 1 3 5 1 3 3 1 3 2 0 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 9 1 3 2 7 1 2 8 1 2 5 12 6 1 3 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 9 1 2 0 1 1 7 1 1 8 1 6 1 1 3 1 1 4 1 1 5 1 1 1 2 1 0 9 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 5 1 0 6 1 0 7 1 0 8 4 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 3 1 0 9 5 9 6 97 9 8 9 9 9 0 9 1 929 2 939 3 9 4 8 3 8 4 8 5 8 6 8 7 8 8 8 9 7 5 7 6 7 7 7 8 779 9 80 8 1 8 2 6 6 6 7 6 8 6 9 7 0 717 1 7 2 7 3 7 4 5 7 5 8 5 9 6 0 616 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 4 8 4 9 505 0 515 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 3 9 440 0 414 1 442 2 4 3 444 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 3 0 313 1 323 2 333 3 3434 3 5 363 6 373 7 3 8 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 272 7 2828 2 9 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 119 9 2 0 2 1 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 FIGURE 3.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Målselv Kommune (PDF)
    Målselv kommune Kommunehuset 9321 Moen Deres ref. Vår ref. Dato 17/3054 .05.2017 Klage fra Målselv kommune over Politidirektoratets avgjørelse av 13. januar 2017 om endringer i Troms politidistrikts lokale struktur Justis- og beredskapsdepartementet viser til klage av 10. mars 2017 fra Målselv kommune. Videre vises det til Politidirektoratets avgjørelse av 13. januar 2017 om endringer i politidistriktets lokale struktur i forhold til Målselv kommune: «Sammenslåing av lensmannsdistriktene Balsfjord, Målselv, Bardu, Salangen og Ibestad til Midt-Troms lensmannsdistrikt. Lensmannsdistriktet har følgende tjenestesteder: Balsfjord lensmannskontor, Målselv lensmannskontor, Bardu lensmannskontor og Ibestad lensmannskontor». Politidirektoratet har i brev av 30. mars 2017 oversendt klagen fra Målselv kommune til Justis- og beredskapsdepartementet, med kopi til Målselv kommune, Dyrøy kommune og Troms politidistrikt. I direktoratets oversendelse er det opplyst at klagen fra Målselv kommune er blitt forelagt for berørte kommuner, jf. forskrift om klageordning for kommuner som berøres av ny tjenestestedsstruktur i politi- og lensmannsetaten § 5 annet ledd. Politidirektoratet har valgt å behandle klagen fra Målselv kommune sammen med klagen fra Dyrøy kommune, da de begge omhandler avviklingen av Salangen lensmannskontor som tjenestested. Justis- og beredskapsdepartementet vil her behandle klagen fra Målselv kommune. Postadresse Kontoradresse Telefon - sentralbord Politiavdelingen Saksbehandler Postboks 8005 Dep Gullhaug Torg 4A 22 24 90 90 Karl-Vidar Solberg 0030 Oslo 0484 Oslo Org.nr.: 972 417 831 22 24 55 70 [email protected] 1. Bakgrunn Nærpolitireformen, Prop. 61 LS (2014-2015), ble godkjent i statsråd 6. mars 2015 og oversendt Stortinget for behandling. Proposisjonen ble vedtatt, med noen endringer, 10. juni 2015, jf. Innst. 306 S (2014-2015) og Innst.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthropod Diversity and Conservation in Old-Growth Northwest Forests'
    AMER. ZOOL., 33:578-587 (1993) Arthropod Diversity and Conservation in Old-Growth mon et al., 1990; Hz Northwest Forests complex litter layer 1973; Lattin, 1990; JOHN D. LATTIN and other features Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, tural diversity of th Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2907 is reflected by the 14 found there (Lawtt SYNOPSIS. Old-growth forests of the Pacific Northwest extend along the 1990; Parsons et a. e coastal region from southern Alaska to northern California and are com- While these old posed largely of conifer rather than hardwood tree species. Many of these ity over time and trees achieve great age (500-1,000 yr). Natural succession that follows product of sever: forest stand destruction normally takes over 100 years to reach the young through successioi mature forest stage. This succession may continue on into old-growth for (Lattin, 1990). Fire centuries. The changing structural complexity of the forest over time, and diseases, are combined with the many different plant species that characterize succes- bances. The prolot sion, results in an array of arthropod habitats. It is estimated that 6,000 a continually char arthropod species may be found in such forests—over 3,400 different ments and habitat species are known from a single 6,400 ha site in Oregon. Our knowledge (Southwood, 1977 of these species is still rudimentary and much additional work is needed Lawton, 1983). throughout this vast region. Many of these species play critical roles in arthropods have lx the dynamics of forest ecosystems. They are important in nutrient cycling, old-growth site, tt as herbivores, as natural predators and parasites of other arthropod spe- mental Forest (HJ cies.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Silurian Oceanic Episodes and Events
    Journal of the Geological Society, London, Vol. 150, 1993, pp. 501-513, 3 figs. Printed in Northern Ireland Early Silurian oceanic episodes and events R. J. ALDRIDGE l, L. JEPPSSON 2 & K. J. DORNING 3 1Department of Geology, The University, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK 2Department of Historical Geology and Palaeontology, SiSlvegatan 13, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden 3pallab Research, 58 Robertson Road, Sheffield $6 5DX, UK Abstract: Biotic cycles in the early Silurian correlate broadly with postulated sea-level changes, but are better explained by a model that involves episodic changes in oceanic state. Primo episodes were characterized by cool high-latitude climates, cold oceanic bottom waters, and high nutrient supply which supported abundant and diverse planktonic communities. Secundo episodes were characterized by warmer high-latitude climates, salinity-dense oceanic bottom waters, low diversity planktonic communities, and carbonate formation in shallow waters. Extinction events occurred between primo and secundo episodes, with stepwise extinctions of taxa reflecting fluctuating conditions during the transition period. The pattern of turnover shown by conodont faunas, together with sedimentological information and data from other fossil groups, permit the identification of two cycles in the Llandovery to earliest Weniock interval. The episodes and events within these cycles are named: the Spirodden Secundo episode, the Jong Primo episode, the Sandvika event, the Malm#ykalven Secundo episode, the Snipklint Primo episode, and the lreviken event. Oceanic and climatic cyclicity is being increasingly semblages (Johnson et al. 1991b, p. 145). Using this recognized in the geological record, and linked to major and approach, they were able to detect four cycles within the minor sedimentological and biotic fluctuations.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report 1
    Sand pit for Biodiversity at Cep II quarry Researcher: Klára Řehounková Research group: Petr Bogusch, David Boukal, Milan Boukal, Lukáš Čížek, František Grycz, Petr Hesoun, Kamila Lencová, Anna Lepšová, Jan Máca, Pavel Marhoul, Klára Řehounková, Jiří Řehounek, Lenka Schmidtmayerová, Robert Tropek Březen – září 2012 Abstract We compared the effect of restoration status (technical reclamation, spontaneous succession, disturbed succession) on the communities of vascular plants and assemblages of arthropods in CEP II sand pit (T řebo ňsko region, SW part of the Czech Republic) to evaluate their biodiversity and conservation potential. We also studied the experimental restoration of psammophytic grasslands to compare the impact of two near-natural restoration methods (spontaneous and assisted succession) to establishment of target species. The sand pit comprises stages of 2 to 30 years since site abandonment with moisture gradient from wet to dry habitats. In all studied groups, i.e. vascular pants and arthropods, open spontaneously revegetated sites continuously disturbed by intensive recreation activities hosted the largest proportion of target and endangered species which occurred less in the more closed spontaneously revegetated sites and which were nearly absent in technically reclaimed sites. Out results provide clear evidence that the mosaics of spontaneously established forests habitats and open sand habitats are the most valuable stands from the conservation point of view. It has been documented that no expensive technical reclamations are needed to restore post-mining sites which can serve as secondary habitats for many endangered and declining species. The experimental restoration of rare and endangered plant communities seems to be efficient and promising method for a future large-scale restoration projects in abandoned sand pits.
    [Show full text]
  • Neotectonics in Norway
    Neotectonics in Norway N TNU Trondheim NGU Report 2000.002 Neotectonics in Norway Final Report Geological Survey of Norway N-7491 Trondheim, Norway Tel.: 47 73 90 40 11 Telefax 47 73 92 16 20 REPORT Report no.: 2000.002 ISSN 0800-3416 Grading: Confidential to 01.07.2001 Title: Neotectonics in Norway, Final Report Authors: Clients: Odleiv Olesen, John Dehls, Hilmar Bungum, Fridtjof BP-Amoco, Norsk Hydro, Phillips Petroleum, Riis, Erik Hicks, Conrad Lindholm, Lars Harald Statkraft, NFR, NGU, NORSAR, NPD and Blikra, Willy Fjeldskaar, Lars Olsen, Oddvar Longva, SK Jan Inge Faleide, Lars Bockmann, Leif Rise, David Roberts, Alvar Braathen and Harald Brekke. County: Number of pages: 135 Price (NOK): Finnmark, Troms, Nordland, Møre & Romsdal, Sogn Map enclosures: 1 & Fjordane, Hordaland and Rogaland Fieldwork carried out: Date of report: Project no.: Person responsible: 31.01.2000 2757.00 Summary: Geodynamic modelling of the present crustal uplift indicates that the uplift of western Norway and northern Norway is partly due to other mechanisms that the glacioisostatic rebound. We have also deduced a new model based on the ‘seismic pumping’ mechanism to explain the observed correlation between land uplift and groundwater yield in Norway. Rock avalanches and landslides represent the most hazardous effects of earthquakes in Norway with its mountainous terrain, deep fjords and relatively large areas with unstable quick-clay. New seismic mini-arrays in the Ranafjord area and the northern North Sea have sharply defined zones of increased seismicity. A total of 350 earthquakes have been detected in the outer Ranafjord area during the project period (2½ years), with magnitudes up to 2.8.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemnesberget Ran Orden 12 Nesna Sandnessjøen
    GUIDE 2017 – magic and real www.visithelgeland.com R T I G R U T H U E N Slettnes Kinnarodden Gamvik Knivskjelodden Nordkapp Mehamn Omgangs- Gjesværstappan Tu orden stauren Hjelmsøystauren Hornvika Skjøtningberg Kjølnes Helnes Skarsvåg Tanahorn Gjesvær Sværholt- Kjølle ord Kamøyvær Finnkirka MAGERØYA klubben NORDKYN- Kvitnes Berlevåg Sand orden Fruholmen HALVØYA Makkaur H Skips orden ongs orden U Sværholdt K RT HJELMSØYA Sarnes I G R Nordvågen Ki ord Store Molvik Veines U T Ingøy Dy ord Skjånes E N Havøysund Måsøy Honningsvåg Eids orden Kongs ord Sylte ordstauran Gunnarnes Hopseidet Hops orden Tu ord Båts ord Hamningberg Troll ord/ a v Kå ord Lang ordnes l ROLVSØYA Gulgo e d Sylte ord Sylte orden Selvika r Bak orden Lang orden o Rygge ord SVÆRHOLT- s Hornøya g Lakse orden HALVØYA Nervei Davgejavri n N o E K lva Vardø T Sylte orde U Rolvsøysundet R Laggo Tana orden Qædnja- G Repvåg Oksøy- I Sne ord javri vatnet T R PORSANGER- Store Veidnes Akkar ord U VARANGER- H Slotten HALVØYA Tamsøya Bekkar ord HALVØYA VARANGERHALVØYA Kiberg Revsbotn Lebesby Langnes NASJONALPARK K Forsøl Lille ord Smal orden omag Skippernes Skjånes Sund- J elv a a vatnet Austertana k Revsneshamn Smal ord o Ska Komagvær b l lel Lundhamn s v Helle ord e R I ord l u v Langstrand s Ruste elbma a Hammerfest s v a l e Vestertana lv Nordmannset Iordellet e KVALØYA a Friar ord y Sandøybotn Kokelv Sandlia Lotre 370 moh b Falkeellet Rype ord Smør ord e g Dønnes ord Slettnes r 545 m Sand orden Porsanger orden e Kjerringholmen Akkar ord B Stuorra Gæssejavri Masjokmoen Sørvær Lille
    [Show full text]
  • Rangering K.Gr. 13 Totalt
    Rangering K.gr. 13 Totalt Grunnskole Pleie og omsorg Barnevern Barnehage Hamar 4 Fjell 30 Moss 11 Moss 92 Asker 6 Grimstad 34 Tønsberg 17 Halden 97 Oppegård 13 Bodø 45 Kongsberg 19 Gjøvik 104 Lier 22 Røyken 67 Nedre Eiker 26 Lillehammer 105 Sola 29 Gjøvik 97 Nittedal 27 Ringsaker 123 Lillehammer 37 Kristiansund 107 Skedsmo 49 Tønsberg 129 Kongsberg 38 Horten 109 Sandefjord 67 Steinkjer 145 Ski 41 Kongsberg 113 Lørenskog 70 Stjørdal 146 Moss 55 Karmøy 114 Lier 75 Porsgrunn 150 Nittedal 55 Hamar 123 Oppegård 86 Kristiansund 170 Tønsberg 56 Steinkjer 137 Karmøy 101 Kongsberg 172 Elverum 59 Skedsmo 168 Røyken 104 Bodø 173 Bodø 69 Haugesund 186 Ski 112 Horten 178 Skedsmo 72 Moss 188 Porsgrunn 115 Nedre Eiker 183 Lørenskog 74 Lier 191 Horten 122 Hamar 185 Molde 88 Sola 223 Sola 129 Asker 189 Kristiansund 97 Ullensaker 230 Harstad 136 Haugesund 206 Steinkjer 98 Sarpsborg 232 Haugesund 151 Arendal 207 Ringsaker 100 Arendal 234 Asker 154 Sarpsborg 232 Røyken 108 Askøy 237 Arendal 155 Sandefjord 234 Ålesund 116 Gj.sn. k.gr. 13 238 Hamar 168 Harstad 237 Askøy 121 Lørenskog 254 Ringerike 169 Gj.sn. k.gr. 13 240 Horten 122 Oppegård 261 Gj.sn. k.gr. 13 174 Lier 247 Grimstad 125 Halden 268 Lillehammer 174 Rana 250 Porsgrunn 133 Elverum 274 Ullensaker 177 Skien 251 Gj.sn. k.gr. 13 139 Nedre Eiker 276 Molde 182 Elverum 254 Skien 151 Ringerike 283 Askøy 213 Askøy 256 Haugesund 165 Ålesund 288 Bodø 217 Sola 273 Arendal 176 Ski 298 Ringsaker 225 Grimstad 278 Nedre Eiker 179 Harstad 309 Skien 239 Molde 306 Gjøvik 210 Skien 311 Eidsvoll 252 Ski 307 Ringerike
    [Show full text]
  • About the Book the Format Acknowledgments
    About the Book For more than ten years I have been working on a book on bryophyte ecology and was joined by Heinjo During, who has been very helpful in critiquing multiple versions of the chapters. But as the book progressed, the field of bryophyte ecology progressed faster. No chapter ever seemed to stay finished, hence the decision to publish online. Furthermore, rather than being a textbook, it is evolving into an encyclopedia that would be at least three volumes. Having reached the age when I could retire whenever I wanted to, I no longer needed be so concerned with the publish or perish paradigm. In keeping with the sharing nature of bryologists, and the need to educate the non-bryologists about the nature and role of bryophytes in the ecosystem, it seemed my personal goals could best be accomplished by publishing online. This has several advantages for me. I can choose the format I want, I can include lots of color images, and I can post chapters or parts of chapters as I complete them and update later if I find it important. Throughout the book I have posed questions. I have even attempt to offer hypotheses for many of these. It is my hope that these questions and hypotheses will inspire students of all ages to attempt to answer these. Some are simple and could even be done by elementary school children. Others are suitable for undergraduate projects. And some will take lifelong work or a large team of researchers around the world. Have fun with them! The Format The decision to publish Bryophyte Ecology as an ebook occurred after I had a publisher, and I am sure I have not thought of all the complexities of publishing as I complete things, rather than in the order of the planned organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Hypothesis on Monochromatic Vision in Scorpionflies Questioned by New
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Hypothesis on monochromatic vision in scorpionfies questioned by new transcriptomic data Received: 7 July 2017 Alexander Böhm 1, Karen Meusemann2,3,4, Bernhard Misof3 & Günther Pass1 Accepted: 12 June 2018 In the scorpionfy Panorpa, a recent study suggested monochromatic vision due to evidence of only a Published: xx xx xxxx single opsin found in transcriptome data. To reconsider this hypothesis, the present study investigates opsin expression using transcriptome data of 21 species including representatives of all major lineages of scorpionfies (Mecoptera) and of three families of their closest relatives, the feas (Siphonaptera). In most mecopteran species investigated, transcripts encode two opsins with predicted peak absorbances in the green, two in the blue, and one in the ultraviolet spectral region. Only in groups with reduced or absent ocelli, like Caurinus and Apteropanorpa, less than four visual opsin messenger RNAs have been identifed. In addition, we found a Rh7-like opsin in transcriptome data derived from larvae of the mecopteran Nannochorista, and in two fea species. Peropsin expression was observed in two mecopterans. In light of these new data, we question the hypothesis on monochromatic vision in the genus Panorpa. In a broader phylogenetic perspective, it is suggested that the common ancestor of the monophyletic taxon Antliophora (Diptera, Mecoptera and Siphonaptera) possessed the full set of visual opsins, a Rh7-like opsin, and in addition a pteropsin as well as a peropsin. In the course of evolution individual opsins were likely lost in several lineages of this clade. Colour vision has two prerequisites1,2: receptors with diferent spectral responses and a neural system that can process their output in a way that preserves colour information.
    [Show full text]
  • Upcoming Projects Infrastructure Construction Division About Bane NOR Bane NOR Is a State-Owned Company Respon- Sible for the National Railway Infrastructure
    1 Upcoming projects Infrastructure Construction Division About Bane NOR Bane NOR is a state-owned company respon- sible for the national railway infrastructure. Our mission is to ensure accessible railway infra- structure and efficient and user-friendly ser- vices, including the development of hubs and goods terminals. The company’s main responsible are: • Planning, development, administration, operation and maintenance of the national railway network • Traffic management • Administration and development of railway property Bane NOR has approximately 4,500 employees and the head office is based in Oslo, Norway. All plans and figures in this folder are preliminary and may be subject for change. 3 Never has more money been invested in Norwegian railway infrastructure. The InterCity rollout as described in this folder consists of several projects. These investments create great value for all travelers. In the coming years, departures will be more frequent, with reduced travel time within the InterCity operating area. We are living in an exciting and changing infrastructure environment, with a high activity level. Over the next three years Bane NOR plans to introduce contracts relating to a large number of mega projects to the market. Investment will continue until the InterCity rollout is completed as planned in 2034. Additionally, Bane NOR plans together with The Norwegian Public Roads Administration, to build a safer and faster rail and road system between Arna and Stanghelle on the Bergen Line (western part of Norway). We rely on close
    [Show full text]
  • The Nature of Ordovician Limestone-Marl Alternations in the Oslo-Asker District
    .re./sereprs OPEN The nature of Ordovician limestone-marl alternations in the Oslo-Asker District (Norway): reee: 1 e 01 epe: 0 eer 01 witnesses of primary glacio-eustasy se: 07 r 016 or diagenetic rhythms? Chloé E. A. Amberg1, Tim Collart2, Wout Salenbien2,3, Lisa M. Egger4,5, Axel Munnecke4, Arne T. Nielsen6, Claude Monnet1, Øyvind Hammer7 & Thijs R. A. Vandenbroucke1,2 Ordovician limestone-marl alternations in the Oslo-Asker District have been interpreted as signaling glacio-eustatic lowstands, which would support a prolonged “Early Palaeozoic Icehouse”. However, these rhythmites could alternatively refect diferential diagenesis, without sedimentary trigger. Here, we test both hypotheses through one Darriwilian and three Katian sections. Our methodology consists of a bed-by-bed analysis of palynological (chitinozoan) and geochemical (XRF) data, to evaluate whether the limestone/marl couplets refect an original cyclic signal. The results reveal similar palynomorph assemblages in limestones and marls. Exceptions, which could be interpreted as refecting palaeoclimatological fuctuations, exist at the species level: Ancyrochitina bornholmensis seems to be more abundant in the marl samples from the lower Frognerkilen Formation on Nakkholmen Island. However, these rare cases where chitinozoans difer between limestone/marl facies are deemed insufcient for the identifcation of original cyclicity. The geochemical data show a near-perfect correlation between insoluble elements in the limestone and the marls, which indicates a similar composition of the potential precursor sediment, also in the Frognerkilen Formation. This is consistent with the palynological data. Although an original cyclic pattern could still be recorded by other, uninvestigated parameters, our palaeontological and geochemical data combined do not support the presence of such a signal.
    [Show full text]
  • Ours to Save: the Distribution, Status & Conservation Needs of Canada's Endemic Species
    Ours to Save The distribution, status & conservation needs of Canada’s endemic species June 4, 2020 Version 1.0 Ours to Save: The distribution, status & conservation needs of Canada’s endemic species Additional information and updates to the report can be found at the project website: natureconservancy.ca/ourstosave Suggested citation: Enns, Amie, Dan Kraus and Andrea Hebb. 2020. Ours to save: the distribution, status and conservation needs of Canada’s endemic species. NatureServe Canada and Nature Conservancy of Canada. Report prepared by Amie Enns (NatureServe Canada) and Dan Kraus (Nature Conservancy of Canada). Mapping and analysis by Andrea Hebb (Nature Conservancy of Canada). Cover photo credits (l-r): Wood Bison, canadianosprey, iNaturalist; Yukon Draba, Sean Blaney, iNaturalist; Salt Marsh Copper, Colin Jones, iNaturalist About NatureServe Canada A registered Canadian charity, NatureServe Canada and its network of Canadian Conservation Data Centres (CDCs) work together and with other government and non-government organizations to develop, manage, and distribute authoritative knowledge regarding Canada’s plants, animals, and ecosystems. NatureServe Canada and the Canadian CDCs are members of the international NatureServe Network, spanning over 80 CDCs in the Americas. NatureServe Canada is the Canadian affiliate of NatureServe, based in Arlington, Virginia, which provides scientific and technical support to the international network. About the Nature Conservancy of Canada The Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC) works to protect our country’s most precious natural places. Proudly Canadian, we empower people to safeguard the lands and waters that sustain life. Since 1962, NCC and its partners have helped to protect 14 million hectares (35 million acres), coast to coast to coast.
    [Show full text]