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Breaking Barriers That Divide Christians and Muslims in Nigeria and Building a Redemptive Relationship Frederick Chukwuma Obodoagha George Fox University

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Breaking Barriers That Divide Christians and Muslims in Nigeria and Building a Redemptive Relationship Frederick Chukwuma Obodoagha George Fox University Digital Commons @ George Fox University Doctor of Ministry Theses and Dissertations 9-1-2015 Breaking Barriers that Divide Christians and Muslims in Nigeria and Building a Redemptive Relationship Frederick Chukwuma Obodoagha George Fox University This research is a product of the Doctor of Ministry (DMin) program at George Fox University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Obodoagha, Frederick Chukwuma, "Breaking Barriers that Divide Christians and Muslims in Nigeria and Building a Redemptive Relationship" (2015). Doctor of Ministry. Paper 117. http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/dmin/117 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Ministry by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GEORGE FOX UNIVERSITY BREAKING BARRIERS THAT DIVIDE CHRISTIANS AND MUSLIMS IN NIGERIA AND BUILDING A REDEMPTIVE RELATIONSHIP A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GEORGE FOX EVANGELICAL SEMINARY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF MINISTRY BY FREDERICK CHUKWUMA OBODOAGHA PORTLAND, OREGON SEPTEMBER 2015 George Fox Evangelical Seminary George Fox University Portland, Oregon CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL ________________________________ DMin Dissertation ________________________________ This is to certify that the DMin Dissertation of Frederick Chukwuma Obodoagha has been approved by the Dissertation Committee on September 18, 2015 for the degree of Doctor of Ministry in Leadership and Spiritual Formation. Dissertation Committee: Primary Advisor: David Hutchinson, DMin Secondary Advisor: R. Anderson Campbell, DMin Copyright © 2015 by Frederick Chukwuma Obodoagha All rights reserved. Unless otherwise noted, all Scripture references are taken from the New International Version Bible, copyrighted1973, 1978, 1984, by the International Bible Society. All references to the Quran are from Sahih International unless otherwise noted ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to start by thanking Dr. David Hutchinson, my primary advisor, for his encouragement, direction, input, changes, suggestions, and critiques as I navigated the contours of this dissertation. There were times in the process I wanted to say “I quit,” but David’s patience and nudging helped me persevere. I want to thank my colleagues in Cohort N: Alicia Chole, Wes Fleming, Eric Haskins, Matthew Krick, Ken Myers, Carlos "CJ" Richard, Tom Rundel, Patricia Ruse, Aimee Stone, and Shonnie Wellspring; they helped me in this spiritual journey. I am a better person because of the influence of each of you on my life. Your feedback was instrumental in defining boundaries and making the thesis clear and concise. This dissertation journey could not have been completed without the time and space given to me by my senior pastor, Edward Lee; my mentor, Dr. Nzash Lumeya; and the Mount Olive Missionary Baptist congregants, who have endured my occasional absences. Thank you for your support and prayers. I cannot imagine life without our paths having crossed. I am indebted to my family, especially to my daughters, Ijeamaka Priscilla Obodoagha and Nneamaka Olivia Obodoagha, and my grandson, Isaiah Tobechukwu Obodoagha. They must be tired of hearing the constant refrain “Not now” as I dismissed their attempts and requests for my time. You could have complained but you showed what a loving family is meant to be. I am enormously indebted to my parents for the values they inculcated in me. I want to say a special thanks to my mother, Mrs. Gladys Ijeamaka Obodoagha. You showed me that parenting is a lifetime responsibility. Though you are resting in the iii bosom of our Lord, your teachings, love, and wisdom are always with me. I hope I am half the parent you are. Also, I want to say a specially thanks to my brother, Vincent Okechukwu Obodoagha, and my sister, Ngozi Victoria Olisah, for your encouragement, support, and confidence that I could do anything to which I set my mind. Finally, a special thanks to Rochelle Deans, my editor, for painstakingly and tirelessly combing through the dissertation. iv CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iii TABLES .......................................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 1 Biblical Theology ............................................................................................................ 2 History of Christianity and Islam in Nigeria ................................................................... 4 Political, Economic, and Ethnic Influences on Relations ............................................... 6 Peace and Reconciliation Models ................................................................................... 8 Proposals ......................................................................................................................... 9 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 2: BIBLICAL THEOLOGY ...................................................................... 11 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 11 The Conflict between the Jews and the Samaritans ...................................................... 12 Loving One’s Enemy .................................................................................................... 14 Forgiving ....................................................................................................................... 21 Making Peace ................................................................................................................ 27 A Just Political System ................................................................................................. 34 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 39 CHAPTER 3: HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM IN NIGERIA ............ 43 Christianity .................................................................................................................... 43 Phase 1: The Portuguese Voyagers ........................................................................... 43 Phase 2: Yoruba Wars ............................................................................................... 44 Phase 3: Church Missions ......................................................................................... 46 Effects of Colonization on Christianity .................................................................... 48 Early Conflicts .......................................................................................................... 50 Effects of Christianity ............................................................................................... 51 Summary ................................................................................................................... 53 Islam .............................................................................................................................. 53 Introduction of Islam ................................................................................................. 54 Propagation of Islam ................................................................................................. 54 Southern Advance of Islam ....................................................................................... 57 Impact of Islam ......................................................................................................... 57 Effects of Colonization ............................................................................................. 58 The Legal and Judicial System ................................................................................. 61 Summary ................................................................................................................... 63 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 64 CHAPTER 4: CHRISTIAN-MUSLIM RELATIONS IN NIGERIA .......................... 65 Political Amalgamation ................................................................................................ 65 Colonial Administration ................................................................................................ 66 v Peaceful Coexistence .................................................................................................... 69 Independence ................................................................................................................ 71 Military Government .................................................................................................... 72 Fundamentalism and Fanaticism ................................................................................... 75 Case Study: Kanfanchan ..........................................................................................
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