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Rdeča Struga, Zlata Reka: Sociološke Refleksije O Zahodni Sahari Saguia El-Hamra, Río De Oro: Sociological Reflections on Western Sahara

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Rdeča Struga, Zlata Reka: Sociološke Refleksije O Zahodni Sahari Saguia El-Hamra, Río De Oro: Sociological Reflections on Western Sahara Rdeča struga, zlata reka: sociološke refleksije o Zahodni Sahari Saguia el-Hamra, Río de Oro: sociological reflections on Western Sahara Uredila / Edited by Damjan Mandelc in Tjaša Učakar ZA Zahodno Saharo Vsebina Damjan Mandelc, Tjaša Učakar ZA Zahodno Saharo – uredniška beseda .......................................................................... 7 I. Zahodna Sahara in mednarodna skupnost ............................................................ 9 Damjan Mandelc Nevarna pravičnost, pozabljena solidarnost in barva tujega peska ................................ 10 Ana Ješe Perković Vloga Evropske unije pri reševanju statusa Zahodne Sahare: primerjava s Kosovom ..... 18 Monika Štumpfl Vloga Združenih narodov v konfliktu v Zahodni Sahari ................................................. 22 II. Okolje in naravni viri .......................................................................................... 31 Matic Vehovec Zahodna Sahara v številkah ........................................................................................... 32 Tjaša Učakar Okupacija Zahodne Sahare v luči naravnih virov ........................................................... 36 Nika Sirk-Rigler Trgovanje z ribami ali s človekovimi pravicami? ........................................................... 46 III. Religija, kultura, politika ................................................................................... 53 Alen Hajdarević Zahodna Sahara pod okupacijo ...................................................................................... 54 Almin Ljutić Religija in politika v arabskem svetu: primer Zahodne Sahare ....................................... 58 Tatjana Košak Ženske v Zahodni Sahari ................................................................................................ 63 Klara Vrhovec Življenje in kulturne značilnosti prebivalcev Zahodne Sahare ....................................... 67 Anja Čuš Umetniško ustvarjanje v Zahodni Sahari ........................................................................ 71 4 Content Damjan Mandelc, Tjaša Učakar For Western Sahara - editorial ........................................................................................ 77 I. Western Sahara and the international community .............................................. 79 Damjan Mandelc Dangerous justice, forgoten solidarity and the colour of foreign sand ........................... 80 Ana Ješe Perković The role of European Union in solving the status of Western Sahara: comparison with Kosovo .......................................................................................................................... 89 Monika Štumpfl The role of United Nations in Western Sahara conflict .................................................. 93 II. Environment and natural resources ................................................................. 103 Matic Vehovec Western Sahara in numbers ......................................................................................... 104 Tjaša Učakar The occupation of Western Sahara in the light of natural resources ............................ 109 Nika Sirk-Rigler Trade in fish or human rights? ..................................................................................... 119 III. Religion, culture, politics ................................................................................ 125 Alen Hajdarević Western Sahara under occupation ................................................................................ 126 Almin Ljutić Religion and politics in the Arab world: the Western Sahara case ................................ 130 Tatjana Košak Women in Western Sahara ............................................................................................ 135 Klara Vrhovec Life and culture of Western Sahara .............................................................................. 140 Anja Čuš Artistic creativity in Western Sahara ........................................................................... 144 5 6 Damjan Mandelc, Tjaša Učakar ZA Zahodno Saharo – uredniška beseda »Čopič je orožje boja, svobode in izražanja, gre dlje od raket, saj doseže srca ljudi, ki sejejo življenje.« Moulud Yeslem Položaj in razmere v Zahodni Sahari širši svetovni, kakor tudi slovenski javnosti, načeloma niso (dovolj dobro) poznani. Pred nekaj leti smo na Katedri za občo sociologijo Oddelka za sociologijo Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani prvič pristopili k sodelovanju in organizaciji mednarodnega simpozija na to temo, vzpostavili smo stike s kolegicami in kolegi na Oddelku za romanistiko, poznavalci razmer, civilno družbo, novinarji, predstavnikom Polisaria za Slovenijo in Zahodni Balkan ter Zahodnosaharci, ki živijo v Sloveniji. Naše sodelovanje je kmalu preraslo v prijateljstvo in v zavezo, da s svojim delovanjem po najboljših močeh prispevamo k osveščanju najširše javnosti, k pritisku na državne in evropske institucije ter k večji senzibilnosti slovenskih medijev. V zaostrenih pogojih gospodarske krize - tako smo s kolegicami in kolegi, prijatelji Zahodne Sahare ugotavljali v preteklem letu - ni lahko pritegniti pozornosti širše javnosti za specifične probleme in situacije, ki se dogajajo na geografsko in kulturno oddaljenih prostorih. Zagotovo je del domače javnosti dovolj čuječ za globalne ekološke, socialne, varnostne in gospodarske razmere, vendarle pa je mogoče razumeti, da mednarodna solidarnost, ko primanjkuje solidarnosti navznoter, ni prva preokupacija slehernika. V tem pogledu zapisi in opozorila o položaju in težavah relativno maloštevilne skupnosti nekje med afriško puščavo in oceanom težko prodrejo v kolektivno zavest ljudi. Če mednarodna politika in visoka diplomacija niso najprimernejši medij za osveščanje, kakšne strategije torej zavzeti, da bi problematiko približali najširšemu krogu ljudi? Naši odgovori so bili kultura, etika in izobraževanje, ki jih spremljajo kozmopolitska drža, solidarnost in mednarodna pravičnost. Če kdaj, potem lahko najširša slovenska javnost v času, ko se sama sooča s kolektivno stisko in krizo, razume položaj zahodnosaharskega človeka; begunke in begunca, otroka, politične zapornice, mladega človeka brez prihodnosti. Če kdo, potem lahko slovenska javnost razume razsežnost boja in globino želje po pravici do samoodločbe – to je namreč izkušnja, ki jo delimo z Zahodno Saharo in v kateri je bil izid spričo večplastnih okoliščin bolj naklonjen slovenski kot zahodnosaharski suverenosti in državi. Pričujoči zbornik je nastal v okviru pobude spodaj podpisanih urednice in urednika ter nosilke pri predmetu Osnove upravljanja v kulturi na Oddelku za sociologijo, red. prof. dr. Ksenije Vidmar Horvat. Z izjemo prvega prispevka so zapise prispevali študentke in študenti vseh stopenj univerzitetnega izobraževanja, dve doktorski in ena magistrska 7 študentka, preostala poglavja so prispevali študentke in študenti prve stopnje študija sociologije. Publikacijo smo strukturirali v treh nosilnih delih; prvega predstavlja mednarodni vidik, kjer se avtor in avtorici ukvarjajo s političnimi razsežnostmi zahodnosaharske problematike, vlogo Organizacije združenih narodov in Evropske unije pri njenem (ne)reševanju; drugi sklop predstavljajo prispevki, ki kontekstualizirajo vpliv okolja, problem kraje naravnih virov in druge povezane dejavnike, ki vplivajo na zaostrene razmere na okupiranem območju in v begunskih taboriščih; v zadnji, tretji razdelek so vključeni prispevki, ki naslavljajo razmere v zahodnosaharski družbi; kulturne, religijske, umetniške in druge prakse, položaj žensk ter razpravo o razsežnosti maroške okupacije. Ker je naša publikacija namenjena najširši publiki, želimo z njo v razumljivem jeziku posredovati ključne informacije in okoliščine, ki spremljajo Zahodnosaharce na njihovi težavni poti od španske kolonije, vojne z Marokom in Mavretanijo, premirjem, okupacijo, segregacijo, revščino, življenjem generacij v begunskih taboriščih, bojem za priznanje pravice do samoodločbe na eni strani in na drugi z neskončnim upanjem, solidarnostjo, iznajdljivostjo, pogumom, življenjsko silo in voljo do svobode, ki je enako živa danes kot je bila pred desetletji. Ponosni smo, da bo publikacija o Zahodni Sahari ugledala luč sveta 14. oktobra 2013, ko bo v slovenskem hramu kulture, Cankarjevem domu, potekala velika kulturno- humanitarna in civilno-družbena manifestacija z naslovom Barva peska, na kateri bomo v družbi prijateljev Zahodne Sahare v dnevu ustvarjanja, tradicije, dialoga in kulture praznovali Zahodno Saharo. V sodelovanje smo povezali katedro za občo sociologijo, oddelek za romanistiko, Cankarjev dom, predstavništvo Polisaria, založbo Malinc ter ob pomoči podjetja Sodexo, veleposlaništva bolivarske Republike Venezuele in še nekaterih posameznikov koncipirali serijo dogodkov, ki vključujejo delavnice za vrtčevske otroke, osnovnošolce in srednješolce, obred pitja čaja, vzdušje beduinskega šotora, impresivno razstavo fotografij iz Zahodne Sahare in begunskih taborišč v Alžiriji, dokumentarni film Javierja Bardema »Otroci neba«, okroglo mizo in koncert zahodnosaharske glasbene skupine Estrella Polisaria. Želimo si, da (i)zbor prispevkov vzame v roke čimveč bralcev v Sloveniji in na tujem – spričo mednarodne razsežnosti tematike smo pripravili dvojezično, slovensko-angleško izdajo. Prebivalke in prebivalci Zahodne Sahare potrebujejo in pričakujejo našo pomoč, razumevanje in angažma. Prvi korak na tej poti je, da jih spoznamo. Želiva vam angažirano branje. ZA Zahodno Saharo! dr. Damjan Mandelc, Tjaša Učakar 8 I. Zahodna Sahara
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