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Citizen Orientations Toward Democracy Across These Same Nations
CSD Center for the Study of Democracy An Organized Research Unit University of California, Irvine www.democ.uci.edu Democratic Aspirations and Democratic Ideals 1 Russell J. Dalton Center for the Study of Democracy University of California, Irvine Doh Chull Shin Department of Political Science University of Missouri February 2004 1 Paper presented for presentation at the conference on "Citizens, Democracy and Markets around the Pacific Rim," East West Center, Honolulu, March 2004. Portions of this chapter are drawn from a paper presented at the Hawaii International Conference on the Social Sciences, Honolulu, Hawaii, June 11-15, 2002. Our thanks to Ronald Inglehart and Hans-Dieter Klingemann for supporting our participation in the 2000-02 World Values Survey; Pham Minh Hac and Pham Thanh Nghi for collaborating on the Vietnamese WVS; and Nhu-Ngoc Ong, Dorothy Solinger, and William Zimmerman for their advice on this research. We also gratefully acknowledge the research support of the POSCO Fellowship Program at the East-West Center in Hawaii, and especially Dr. Choong Nam Kim. Democratic Aspirations and Democratic Ideals Democratization has transformed the world in the last half of the 20th century. Where once democracy seemed like a small island in a sea of authoritarian states, with an uncertain future, it now is proclaimed as the inevitable endpoint of human political evolution (Fukuyama 1992). Data from the Freedom House illustrate this development. In 1950, only 14.3% of the countries (and colonial units) in the world were democracies, which included 31% of the world’s population. In 1990, the Freedom House considered 46.1% of the nations in the world as democracies. -
Islam, Democracy, and Governance: Sudan and Morocco in a Comparative Perspective
ISLAM, DEMOCRACY, AND GOVERNANCE: SUDAN AND MOROCCO IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE By WALEED MOUSA A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2005 Copyright 2005 by Waleed Mousa There is not a single night in which I do put my head over the pillow without thinking of the poor in my nation and in the world in large. It is to those impoverished people, to my parents who helped me reach this level of conscientiousness, to my wife whose love helped me overcome the agony, and to my children whose heavenly spirit helped sustain my soul that I dedicate this dissertation. Waleed Madibbo TABLE OF CONTENTS page LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER 1 AN OVERVIEW..........................................................................................................1 2 ISLAM AND DEMOCRACY....................................................................................12 Political Authority in Islam Prior to Modernity .........................................................14 Modernization and Colonialism: The Creation of “the Other” ..................................23 Islamic Revivalism: Adaptation or Retreat.................................................................34 Modernity -
Human Rights in Western Sahara and in the Tindouf Refugee Camps
Morocco/Western Sahara/Algeria HUMAN Human Rights in Western Sahara RIGHTS and in the Tindouf Refugee Camps WATCH Human Rights in Western Sahara and in the Tindouf Refugee Camps Morocco/Western Sahara/Algeria Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-420-6 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org December 2008 1-56432-420-6 Human Rights in Western Sahara and in the Tindouf Refugee Camps Map Of North Africa ....................................................................................................... 1 Summary...................................................................................................................... 2 Western Sahara ....................................................................................................... 3 Refugee Camps near Tindouf, Algeria ...................................................................... 8 Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 12 To the UN Security Council .................................................................................... -
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002
Description of document: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002 Requested date: 2002 Release date: 2003 Posted date: 08-February-2021 Source of document: Information and Privacy Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency Washington, DC 20505 Fax: 703-613-3007 Filing a FOIA Records Request Online The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is a First Amendment free speech web site and is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. 1 O ct 2000_30 April 2002 Creation Date Requester Last Name Case Subject 36802.28679 STRANEY TECHNOLOGICAL GROWTH OF INDIA; HONG KONG; CHINA AND WTO 36802.2992 CRAWFORD EIGHT DIFFERENT REQUESTS FOR REPORTS REGARDING CIA EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS 36802.43927 MONTAN EDWARD GRADY PARTIN 36802.44378 TAVAKOLI-NOURI STEPHEN FLACK GUNTHER 36810.54721 BISHOP SCIENCE OF IDENTITY FOUNDATION 36810.55028 KHEMANEY TI LEAF PRODUCTIONS, LTD. -
Natural Landscapes & Gardens of Morocco 2022
Natural Landscapes & Gardens of Morocco 2022 22 MAR – 12 APR 2022 Code: 22206 Tour Leaders Paul Urquhart Physical Ratings Explore Morocco’s rich culture in gardening and landscape design, art, architecture & craft in medieval cities with old palaces and souqs, on high mountain ranges and in pre- Saharan desert fortresses. Overview This tour, led by garden and travel writer Paul Urquhart, is a feast of splendid gardens, great monuments and natural landscapes of Morocco. In Tangier, with the assistance of François Gilles, the UK’s most respected importer of Moroccan carpets, spend two days visiting private gardens and learn about the world of Moroccan interiors. While based in the charming Dar al Hossoun in Taroudant for 5 days, view the work of French landscape designers Arnaud Maurières and Éric Ossart, exploring their garden projects designed for a dry climate. View Rohuna, the stunning garden of Umberto Pasti, a well-known Italian novelist and horticulturalist, which preserves the botanical richness of the Tangier region. Visit the gardens of the late Christopher Gibbs, a British antique dealer and collector who was also an influential figure in men’s fashion and interior design in 1960s London. His gorgeous cliff-side compound is set in 14 acres of plush gardens in Tangier. In Marrakesh, visit Yves Saint Laurent Museum, Jardin Majorelle, the Jardin Secret, the palmeraie Jnane Tamsna, André Heller’s Anima and take afternoon tea in the gardens of La Mamounia – one of the most famous hotels in the world. Explore the work of American landscape architect, Madison Cox: visit Yves Saint Laurent and Pierre Bergé’s private gardens of the Villa Oasis and the gardens of the Yves Saint Laurent Museum in Marrakesh. -
Rdeča Struga, Zlata Reka: Sociološke Refleksije O Zahodni Sahari Saguia El-Hamra, Río De Oro: Sociological Reflections on Western Sahara
Rdeča struga, zlata reka: sociološke refleksije o Zahodni Sahari Saguia el-Hamra, Río de Oro: sociological reflections on Western Sahara Uredila / Edited by Damjan Mandelc in Tjaša Učakar ZA Zahodno Saharo Vsebina Damjan Mandelc, Tjaša Učakar ZA Zahodno Saharo – uredniška beseda .......................................................................... 7 I. Zahodna Sahara in mednarodna skupnost ............................................................ 9 Damjan Mandelc Nevarna pravičnost, pozabljena solidarnost in barva tujega peska ................................ 10 Ana Ješe Perković Vloga Evropske unije pri reševanju statusa Zahodne Sahare: primerjava s Kosovom ..... 18 Monika Štumpfl Vloga Združenih narodov v konfliktu v Zahodni Sahari ................................................. 22 II. Okolje in naravni viri .......................................................................................... 31 Matic Vehovec Zahodna Sahara v številkah ........................................................................................... 32 Tjaša Učakar Okupacija Zahodne Sahare v luči naravnih virov ........................................................... 36 Nika Sirk-Rigler Trgovanje z ribami ali s človekovimi pravicami? ........................................................... 46 III. Religija, kultura, politika ................................................................................... 53 Alen Hajdarević Zahodna Sahara pod okupacijo ..................................................................................... -
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ARISTOTLE AND DEMOCRACY A PhD Thesis submitted by Charalambos Ioannou Papageorgiou k k k k University College University of London LONDON 1991 ** ProQuest Number: 10609803 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10609803 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 2 ABSTRACT The thesis undertakes a reconstruction and critical assessment of Aristotle's theory of democracy. The process of reconstruction requires at first the collection and organisation of the relevant material, since Aristotle's references to democracy, although numerous, are scattered throughout his political and ethical writings. A chapter is devoted to this task. This chapter also seeks to describe the historical and intellectual context in which Aristotle developed his ideas on democracy. The thesis then attempts to identify the fundamental principles which underlie Aristotle's conception of democracy. These are examined both in their relation to one another and also in their relation to the fundamental principles of Aristotle's political philosophy in general. Aristotle's teleological conception of the state and his theory of distributive justice based on proportionate equality are singled out as the salient principles which shape his conception, classification and criticism of democracy. -
Hegel's Philosopy of Right
Democracy Out of Joint? The Financial Crisis in Light of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right Karin de Boer I. Introduction The financial crisis that currently besets Europe not only disturbs the life of many citizens, but also affects our economic, political and philosophical theories. Clearly, many of the contributing causes, such as the wide availability of cheap credit after the introduction of the euro, are contingent. Analyses that aim to move beyond such contingent factors tend to highlight the disruptive effects of the neoliberal conception of the market that has become increasingly dominant over the last few decades. Yet while the financial sector has received most of the blame, and rightly so, few commentators seem willing to take into account the role played by representative democracy in its current form.1 Even if it is granted that actual democratic policies fall short of what they ought to achieve, contemporary representative democracy itself is seldom regarded as part of the tangle it was supposed to resolve. David Merill touches upon this issue when he notes, in the preceding issue of this Bulletin, that ‘the economic dilemmas faced today may be ultimately the consequences of state failure’.2 The state that has failed to regulate the markets is described as ‘weak’ and ‘subject to external blows, blind to its ends, merely one actor among many in the events of the day’ (Merill 2012: 28). Yet Merill does not seem to consider this weakness to be an inherent feature of the constellation of which contemporary democracy is a part. There are, of course, excellent reasons not to take this path. -
KING HASSAN II: Morocco’S Messenger of Peace
KING HASSAN II: Morocco’s Messenger of Peace BY C2007 Megan Melissa Cross Submitted to the Department of International Studies and the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Kansas In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master’s of Arts _________________________ Chair _________________________ Co-Chair _________________________ Committee Member Date Defended: ___________ The Thesis Committee for Megan Melissa Cross certifies That this is the approved version of the following thesis: KING HASSAN II: Morocco’s Messenger of Peace Committee: _________________________ Chair _________________________ Co-Chair _________________________ Committee Member Date approved: ___________ ii ABSTRACT Megan Melissa Cross M.A. Department of International Studies, December 2007 University of Kansas The purpose of this thesis is to examine the roles King Hassan II of Morocco played as a protector of the monarchy, a mediator between Israel and the Arab world and as an advocate for peace in the Arab world. Morocco’s willingness to enter into an alliance with Israel guided the way for a mutually beneficial relationship that was cultivated for decades. King Hassan II was a key player in the development of relations between the Arab states and Israel. His actions illustrate a belief in peace throughout the Arab states and Israel and also improving conditions inside the Moroccan Kingdom. My research examines the motivation behind King Hassan II’s actions, his empathy with the Israeli people, and his dedication to finding peace not only between the Arab states and Israel, but throughout the Arab world. Critics question the King’s intentions in negotiating peace between Israel and the Arab states. -
IS Democracy Possible?
IS democracy poSSIble? Bruce Gilley Bruce Gilley is assistant professor of political science at Portland State University in Oregon and a member of the Journal of Democracy editorial board. His latest book is The Right to Rule: How States Win and Lose Legitimacy (2009). The global spread of democracy over the last generation or so has been accompanied by the global spread of criticisms of democracy. In a sense, this is unsurprising: Popular ideas tend to generate their own opposition. Democracy’s current popularity—almost universally valued, institution- alized in more than three-fifths of the world’s states, and demanded by large movements in many among the remaining two-fifths—makes it an ideal target for critique. As a result, in recent years, a slowly accelerating wave of skeptical and at times even hostile thought has arisen to chal- lenge democracy’s claim to be the best form of government. This wave is distinct from the inchoate illiberal ideologies that autocrats in China, Russia, Iran, or Cuba like to promote. Unlike those ideologies, it is a care- fully argued, social-scientific, and respectable critique of democracy that has been developed largely by Western scholars. Almost unbeknownst to the legions of democracy-builders or to the nearly four billion democratic citizens worldwide, the belief in democracy has begun to crumble inside some of the world’s finest minds and institutions. Some of this dissent is healthy. Assuming a feasible democratic ideal, criticism of democracy as practiced in the world’s 121 electoral democra- cies (the vast majority of which do not belong to the traditional “West”) directs attention to shortcomings and can spur corrective action. -
Crisis & Critique Democracy and Revolution Volume I
C R I S I S & C R CRISISI & T I Q U E # CRISIS & CRITIQUE1 CRITIQUE CRISIS & CRITIQUE DEMOCRACY AND REVOLUTION VOLUME I / ISSUE I, 2014 Dialectical Materialism Collective 1 The Impasses of Today’s Radical Politics C R I S I S & C R CRISISI & T I Q U E # CRISIS & CRITIQUE1 CRITIQUECRISIS & CRITIQUE Editorial Board: DEMOCRACY AND REVOLUTION Henrik Jøker Bjerre VOLUME I / ISSUE I, 2014 Aaron Schuster Adrian Johnston Joan Copjec Editor-in-Chief Robert Pfaller Agon Hamza Frank Ruda Gabriel Tupinambá Sead Zimeri Fabio Vighi 2 Slavoj Žižek Benjamin Noys Roland Boer Editorial note, 238 C H.J.Bjerre & A.Hamza Communism is Wrong, R by Jana Tsoneva I 8 S The Impasses of Today’s Radical 264 I Politics, by Slavoj Žižek The Jews and the Zionists; The Story ofS a Reversal, by Sina Badiei 46 & Socialist Democracy with Chinese 280 Characteristics, by Roland Boer Review articles: C R CRISIS &66 H.J.Bjerre: Prolegomena to Any FutureI The Indignant of the Earth, Materialism, by Adrian Johnston T by Frank Ruda I C.Crockett: From Myth to Symptom: theQ 90 case of Kosovo, by S. Žižek & A.HamzaU Democracy and revolution on the Inter- E net, by Katarina Peović Vuković D.Tutt: Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis,# 116 by Todd McGowan 1 Alain Badiou and the aporia of democracy within generic communism, A.Ryder: Badiou and the Philosophers, by Panagiotis Sotiris ed.T.Tho & G.Bianco CRITIQUE136 308 Climate Crisis, Ideology, and Collective Notes on Contributers Action, by Ted Stolze 154 Lacan and Rational Choice, by Yuan Yao 166 Redemptive -
Cover Pages and Abstract May 2014
The Contentious Classroom: Education in Postcolonial Literature from Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia Erin Twohig Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Erin Twohig All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT The Contentious Classroom: Education in Postcolonial Literature from Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia Erin Twohig ! My dissertation examines literary portraits of education in French- and Arabic-language literature from the Maghreb. The texts that I study recount their protagonists’ experience, as students or teachers, in the school system following independence in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. I focus, in particular, on debates relating to the “Arabization” of education. Arabizing education in the Maghreb was considered a fundamental act of decolonization, yet its promotion of a single national language provoked much criticism. I examine how authors use literary depictions of the classroom to treat critical topics surrounding language policy, national identity projects, the legacy of the colonial past, and the future of the education system. The chapters of this work explore four critical issues in discussions of education: the relationship between “colonial” and “postcolonial” education systems, the place of Amazigh (Berber) minorities in an Arabized education system, the effect of education on gender dynamics, and the “economics of education” which exclude many students from social mobility. This work examines thirteen literary texts, seven written in French and six in Arabic: ‘Abd al-Ghani Abu al-‘Azm’s Al ḍarīḥ and Al ḍarīḥ al akhar, Leila Abouzeid’s Rujūʻ ilā al-ṭufūlah and Al-Faṣl al-akhīr, Wahmed Ben Younes’s Yemma, Karima Berger’s L’enfant des deux mondes, Maissa Bey’s Bleu blanc vert, Wahiba Khiari’s Nos silences, Fouad Laroui’s “L’Etrange affaire du cahier bounni,” Mohamed Nedali’s Grâce à Jean de la Fontaine!, Brick Oussaïd’s Les coquelicots de l’oriental, Habib Selmi’s Jabal al-‘anz, and Zohr Wanissi’s Min Yawmīyāt Mudarrisah Ḥurrah.