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Strenghtening Marine Fisheries Development in Indonesia. Final FI:TCP/INS/4553 TECHNICAL COOP RATION PROGRAMM Strengthening Marine Fisheries Development In Indonesia Final Report Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 1996 s: )> "'0 ,0 z 0 0z m (f) -)> LIST OF ACRONYMS AND AB REVIATI NS AAET Agency for Agricultural Education and Training AARD Agency for Agricultural Research and Development A SEAN Association of South East Asian Nations BAKORKAMLA Badan Koordinasi Keamanan Laut (Marine Security Coordinating Board) BKPI Balai Keterampilan Penangkapan lkan (Fishing Technology Training Centre) BBPT Bad an Pengkajian dan Penerapan T eknologi (Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology) BPPL Balai Penelitian Perikanan Laut (Research Institute for Marine Fisheries) CPUE Catch Per Unit Effort CRIFI Central Research Institute for Fisheries DAN IDA Danish International Development Agency DGF Directorate General of Fisheries EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FFA Forum Fisheries Agency GAPPINDO Gabungan Pengusaha Perikanan Indonesia (Indonesian Fisheries Enterprise Federation) HNSI Himpunan Nelayan Seluruh Indonesia (Indonesian Fishermen Union) IBRD International Bank for ReconstrL~ction and Development (World Bank) IRCS International Telecommunication Radio Call Sign LAN Lembaga Administrasi Negara (National Administrative Board) MSY Maximum Sustainable Yield PPI Pangkalan Pendaratan lkan (Fish Landing Place) PJP Pembangunan Jangka Panjang (Long Term Development Plan) REPELITA Rencana Pembangunan Lima T a hun (Five Years Development Plan) RICF Research Institute for Coastal Fisheries RIFF Research Institute for Freshwater Fisheries SlMKANNAS Sistem lnformasi Manajemen Perikanan Nasional (Fisheries Management Information System) STP Sekolah Tinggi Perikanan (Fisheries College) ii SUPM Sekolah Usaha Perikanan Menengah (Senior Vocational High School) SUPP Sekolah Usaha Perikanan Pertama (Junior Vocational High School) TCP Technical Cooperation Programme UNCLOS United Nations Convention Law of the Sea UPMB Unit Pembinaan Modernisasi Bertahap (Gradual Modernization Unit) UPT Unit Pelaksana Teknis (T echnic;3l Implementation Unit) CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (MAY 1996) Currency Unit Equivalent US$ 1.00 Rp. 2,330.00 Rp. 1.00 US$ 0.000429 111 LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1.1 Fisheries Production by Year 1 Table 1.2 Fleet Structure, 1993 2 Table 1.3 Fishing Vessels in EEZ 3 Table 3.1 Summary of the Assessment made by the 1995 8 INDONESIAIFAO/ DANIDA Workshop Table 4.1 Details of Licensed Vessels 11 Table 4.2 Average Annual Catches by Vessel Type and Year 12 Table 4.3 MSY Figures Used for Allocating Fishing Effort 12 Table 4.4 Comparison of Expected Catches and MSY 14 Table 4.5 Information on Smaii-Pelagics 17 Table 4.6 MSY Information for Tuna 18 Table 4.7 Information on Fee Levels 21 Table 4.8 Violations of Indonesian Fisheries Regulations 24 Table 5.1 Estimated Foreign Longliner Replacement Costs 36 Table 6.1 Production of Fish by Species/Groups in Merauke, 1993-1994 40 Table 6.2 Number of Fishing Gear by Type in Merauke, 1994 41 Table 6.3 Disposition of Fish in Merauke, 1994 41 Table 7.1 Manpower in Fisheries Institutions, 1994 52 Table 7.2 Fisheries Extension Workers in 1994 53 Table 7.3 Manpower Strength (1996) - Research Institute for Marine Fisheries 54 Table 7.4 Manpower of Research Institute for Marine Fisheries by Educational Qualifications 54 Table 7.5 Distribution of Staff in DGF, 1995 58 IV Ll OF Fl U Page Figure 4.1 Foreign Fleet Deployment, EEZ Fleet Composition, Composition of Foreign Fleet by Gear, EEZ Composition by Area 10 Figure 4.2 Comparison of Expected Catches with MSY 15 v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Map of Indonesia List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ii Currency Equivalents iii List of Tables iv List of Figures v Table of Contents vi 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 The Importance of Fisheries in Indonesia 1 1 .2 Structure of Marine Fisheries 1 2.0TCP Project 4 2.1 Background 4 2.2 Objective, 5 2.3 Project Area 5 2.4 Activities 5 2.5 Organization 5 2.5.1 International Consultants 5 2.5.2 National Consultants 5 2.5.3 National Counterparts 6 2.6 Implementation 6 3.0Marine Fisheries Resources 7 3.1 Attempts at Resource Assessment 7 3.2 Recommended Resource Assessment 7 4.0Fisheries Management with Emphasis on the Exclusive Economic Zone 9 4.1 The EEZ Fisheries Situation 9 4.1.1 Historical Perspective of Fisheries Management in the EEZ 9 4.1 .2 The Present Situation 11 4.1.3 Catches in the EEZ 11 4.2 Considerations on Allocation of Access and Licenses Among Fleets in the EEZ According to Resource Distribution 11 4.2.1 The Present System 11 VI 4.2.2 Observations on the Present System 12 4.2.3 Suggestions for Improvement of the Present System 16 4.2.4 General Comments on Allocation of Licenses with Respect to Resources 16 4.2.4.1 Demersal fish 16 4.2.4.2 Small Pelagics 17 4.2.4.3 Skipjack and Other Large Tuna 18 4.2.4.4 Shrimp 19 4.2.5 Summary of Considerations on Allocations 19 4.3 Problems and Constraints of the Present Licensing System for Foreign Fleets 20 4.3.1 Localization of the EEZ Fleet 20 4.3.2 Considerations on the Fee Level 21 4.3.3 Administration of the Licensing System 22 4.4 Comments on Enforcement in the EEZ 22 4.5 Other Issues in EEZ Management 25 4.5.1 Observer Programmes 25 4.5.2 Data 26 4.5.3 Gear 27 4.5.4 Leniency with Foreign Fishing 27 4.6 Some Considerations on the Concept of Maximum Sustainable Yield 28 · 4.7 Fisheries Management Plans 29 4.8 Fisheries Research 29 4.9 General Comments on the Status of Fisheries Management 30 4.1 0 Recommendations on Fisheries Management 32 5.0Considerations on Fleet Development 34 5.1 Changing the economic conditions for Indonesian vessel construction 34 5.1.1 High costs and other disincentives 34 5.1.2 Shipbuilding capacity 35 5.1.3 Projected shipbuilding costs 35 5.2 Allowing the import of foreign vessels 37 5.3 Encouraging vessels from over-exploited fisheries to displace foreign vessels 37 5.4 Recommendations 38 6.0Development Of Small-Scale Fisheries In Merauke 39 6.1 Background 39 6.1.1 Location 39 6.1 .2 Status of Fisheries 39 6.1.3 Fishery Resources 39 6.1.4 Production 39 6.1.5 Fishing Fleet 40 6.1 .6 Fishing Gear 40 6.1.7 Post Harvest 41 Vll 6.1.8 Marketing 41 6.1. 9 Infrastructure Facilities 42 6.1.1 0 Human Resources/Fishermen 42 6.21ssues and Constraints 42 6.2.1 Issues 42 6.2.2 Constraints 42 6.2.2.1 Infrastructure 42 6.2.2.2. Marketing 43 6.2.2.3 Post Harvest 43 6.2.2.4. Fishing Vessels 43 6.2.2.5. Human Resources 43 6.3Conceptual Development Approach 43 6.3.1 Potential Project at Merauke 44 6.3.1.1 Infrastructure Requirements 45 6.3.1.1.1 Secondary Landing Centre 45 6.3.1.1.2 Main Centre 46 6.3.1.2 Marketing 47 6.3.1.3 Post Harvest 47 6.3.1.4 Fishing Vessels 48 6.3.1.5 Human Resources Development 48 6.4 Recommendations 48 7.0 Institutional Strengthening 50 7.1 Background 7 .1.1. Role and Function 50 7.1 .1.1 . Directorate General of Fisheries 50 7 .1.1 .2. Provincial Fisheries Service 50 7 .1.1.3. Central Research Institute for Fisheries 51 7.1.2. Manpower 52 7 .1.2.1. DGF and Provincial Fisheries Service 52 7 .1.2.2. Research Institute For Marine Fisheries 53 7 .1.3. Education and Training 54 7 .1.3.1. Agency for Agriculture Education and Training 54 7.1 :3.2. DGF and Provincial Fisheries Service 55 7 .1.3.3. Universities 55 7.2 Issues And Constraints 55 7 .2.1. Organization and Function 55 7 .2.1.1. Sectoral and Inter Sectoral Level 55 7.2.1.2. Directorate General of Fisheries 56 7.2 .1 .2 .1 Data and Statistics 56 7 .2.1.2.2 Fisheries Resources and Management 56 7 .2.1.2.3 Industrial Fisheries/Licensing 56 7 .2.1.2.4 Fishing Harbour 57 7.2.1.2.5 Fishing Vessel 57 7.2.1.2.6 Fish Marketing 57 7 .2.1.2.7 Post-Harvest 57 7 .2.1.2.8 Enforcement 57 viii 7.2.1.2.9 Manpower Strength 58 7 .2.1.3 Provincial Fisheries Service 59 7 .2.1.3.1 Organization 59 7.2.1.3.2 Manpower Strength 59 7 .2.1.4 Research Institute for Marine Fisheries 59 7.2.1.4.1. Organization 59 7 .2.1.4.2. Manpower Strength 59 7 .2.1.4.3 Facilities/Funds 60 7.2.1.5 Education and Training 60 7.3 Recommendations 60 7 .3.1 Directorate General of Fisheries 60 7.3.2 Provincial Fisheries Service 61 7.3.3. Research Institute for Marine Fisheries 62 7 .3.4 Education and Training 62 8.0 Conclusions 64 9.0 Future Directions 66 10.0 References 67 11.0 Diagrams 70 12.0 Appendix 76 lX 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Importance of Fisheries in Indonesia Fisheries play an important role in the national economy of Indonesia contributing 3% to the gross domestic product of the country with an export earning of US$ 1.5 billion in 1993. Fish constitute the major protein consumed by the population, representing some 60% of the total animal protein intake in the country with a per capita consumption of 17.5 kg.
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