SPCB(2009)Paper 78 Appendix A

11 November 2009

Possible Names for Scottish Parliament Meeting Rooms

Methodology

It was not possible to do a comprehensive review of categories or names of famous Scots, due to the magnitude of possible inclusions.

For this project it was decided to restrict the number of categories for consideration to 10, with each category containing a minimum of 5 names and a maximum of 10 names.

The chosen categories reflect those most commonly recurring in published reference and academic resources. Overall, the categories are broad to allow them to incorporate a wider spectrum of people. Most categories could be narrowed down further if required.

For a name to be put forward in a category it had to be listed in a minimum of three of the reference sources used. This was considered a proxy for credibility and popularity which was not possible to evaluate.

If the list of names in a category exceeded the maximum number of 10 permitted, an unscientific selection was made to narrow these down. A cross-section was chosen which aimed to offer diversity in the final list and reflect those that appeared most often in reference sources. This does not always bring the total up to maximum 10 names.

Where possible names have only been listed in one category.

Selection Criteria

All of the people included in these lists must meet the following criteria:  born in Scotland  dead  a key figure within their field  It should be noted that the methodology and selection criteria used may result in valid names being excluded from the final list.  Exclusions

The remit of the project requested that the following groups of people be excluded from these lists:  politicians  sports people  actors, comedians, popular entertainers etc  singers, bands, musicians.

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Arts Names (includes artists, architects, designers) 1 Charles Rennie Mackintosh, 1868- Architect and designer. An influential designer, whose style was a 1928 unique blend of Art Nouveau and Scottish Celtic traditionalism. 2 Alexander Nasmyth 1758- 1840 Artist and Architect Nasmyth. Acclaimed painter of portraits, including a famous work of Robert Burns, which hangs in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh 3 Sir Patrick Geddes, 1854-1932 Regarded as the father of town planning, he did much of his pioneering work in the Old Town of Edinburgh. 4 David Bryce, 1803 -1876 Architect. A proponent of the Scottish Baronial style of architecture, examples of his work include Fettes College and the old Royal Infirmary 5 Robert Adam, 1728 -1792 Successful and influential architect. He began by joining his father William and elder brother John in the family architecture business. Robert set up his own practice in London and was joined in this venture by his younger brother James. Robert was appointed Architect of the King's Works between 1761 and 1769. Culzean Castle (South Ayrshire) is regarded as one of Robert's most important works. He is also noted for his elegant terraces in the New Town of Edinburgh, together with many fine public buildings, including Register House in Charlotte Square and the Old College of the University of Edinburgh, which was incomplete on his death and finished by William Playfair. 6 Sir Henry Raeburn, 1756-1823 Portrait painter, particularly noted for his portraits of most of the society figures of his day. These include Sir Walter Scott, James Hutton, John Playfair, Adam Ferguson and David Hume. Raeburn was knighted at Hopetoun House by King George IV during his visit to Scotland of 1822. 7 Margaret MacDonald, 1865 - 1933 Married to Charles Rennie Mackintosh, a talented artist and designer in her own right, who had considerable influence on his work. Her design work became one of the defining features of the "Glasgow Style" during the 1890s. 8 Jessie Marion King, 1875-1945 Designer and internationally renowned and much sought after book

3 Arts Names (includes artists, architects, designers) illustrator. She also designed jewellery and wallpaper and was greatly involved with batik and pottery Notes Margaret MacDonald and Jesse Marion King are also listed in the category ‘Women’

Historical Figures Names 1 William Wallace, 1274-1305 Defender of Scottish independence. Defeated the army of the English King Edward I at the Battle of Stirling Bridge. 2 Field Marshal Douglas Haig (Earl Noted military commander. Found the Earl Haig Fund for the Haig of Bemersyde), 1861-1928 assistance of disabled ex-servicemen, which raises funds by selling poppies for Remembrance Day 3 David Livingstone, 1813-1873 Explorer and medical missionary. Livingstone was the first white man to travel the length of Lake Tanganyika, discovered Victoria Falls and was sent by the Royal Geographical Society to discover the source of the Nile. 4 Queen Mary (Mary, Queen of Last Roman Catholic monarch of Scotland Scots), 1542-1587: 5 King Robert I (Robert the Bruce), Crowned King of Scotland in 1306, he defeated the English King 1274-1329 Edward II at Bannockburn in 1314. 6 John Knox, c.1513-1572 Knox was known as the father of the Protestant Reformation in Scotland. Knox was ordained as minister of St Giles Kirk in Edinburgh (1559). He led a group of six who, in 1560, drew up the Confession of Faith and the First Book of Discipline. 7 Flora MacDonald, 1722 1790) She helped Bonnie Prince Charlie to safety following the failed rebellion of 1745. She later emigrated to North Carolina and was active recruiting Scots to fight for the British in the American War of Independence. Notes Flora MacDonald is also listed in the category ‘Women’

4 Inventors, Engineers Names 1 Alexander Graham Bell, 1847-1922 Inventor and entrepreneur. Born in Edinburgh, emigrated for Canada and later the USA. Invented the telephone in 1876. 2 James Watt, 1736-1819 He developed the steam engine into a practical source of power, patenting various versions. He invented the governor as a control device, and the flywheel. He entered a partnership with Matthew Bolton to build engines on a commercial basis at Birmingham (1774). He also coined the term 'horsepower' and another unit of power, the watt, was named in his honour. 3 Sir Robert Watson-Watt, 1892-1973 Worked initially for the Meteorological Office designing devices to locate thunderstorms. He developed his work in terms of radio- detection and became an advisor to the Air Ministry during World War II. Developed and introduced Radio Detection And Ranging (RADAR) technology to track enemy aircraft. In recognition of the important role played by RADAR in defending Britain against German air raids, he was knighted in 1942. 4 John Logie Baird, 1888 -1946 Inventor of the television, successfully transmitting the first picture in 1924. He later developed ideas such as colour, 3-D, large screen televisions and stereo sound. He developed radio direction-finding which contributed to the development of RADAR 5 Henry Bell, 1767 -1830 The first successful applier of steam to the purposes of navigation in Europe, Developed the first commercially-successful steamship, the Comet, which was launched on the River Clyde at Port Glasgow in 1812. 6 William Murdock, 1754-1839 Engineer and inventor of gas lighting. He discovered the properties of gas as an illuminate. 7 Thomas Telford, 1757-1834 Engineer, notable as a builder of bridges, roads, docks and canals. These include the Dean Bridge in Edinburgh and the Caledonian Canal, together with a scheme of roads and bridges intended to improve communications throughout the Highlands. He was also responsible for the Parliamentary Churches, built across the Highlands and Islands between 1823 and 1830. 8 John Loudon McAdam, 1756-1836 Surveyor and builder of roads. Developed the process of "Macadamisation" which involves covering a road with small broken stones to form a hard surface. This led to tarmacadam (or tarmac),

5 Inventors, Engineers Names which is still used to cover roads today. 9 John Boyd Dunlop, 1840-1921 Developed (but did not invent) the pneumatic tyre which was to improve the comfort of cyclists and later motorists. Contrary to popular opinion it was actually invented by Robert William Thomson. Sir William Arrol, 1839 - 1913 Engineer, responsible for the Forth Bridge (Rail) and the replacement Tay Rail Bridge. Also worked on Tower Bridge in London.

Literary Names (includes authors, poets) 1 Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1860- Author and playwright, best known for the creation of Peter Pan. 1937 2 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1859-1930 Creator of the detective Sherlock Holmes. 3 Robert Burns, 1759 -1796 Poet and writer. 4 Sir Walter Scott, 1771-1832: Writer and poet, he did much towards identifying and nurturing a Scottish cultural identity. His literary works include the Waverley Novels, but also he was a translator, biographer (of Napoleon). 5 James Boswell, 1740 - 1795 Writer, biographer. His most famous work was the Life of Samuel Johnson (1791) 6 Robert Louis Stevenson, 1850-1894 Author and literary critic. His works included Treasure Island (1883), Kidnapped (1886), The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1888). 7 John Barbour, 1320-1395 Often referred to as the father of Scottish vernacular poetry, he was the first major literary voice to write in Scots. Barbour is best remembered for his epic narrative poem on the life and exploits of Robert the Bruce, The Brus. 8 Thomas Carlyle, 1795-1881 Writer, historian, philosopher and literary critic. He wrote on a diversity of topics from the French Revolution to Oliver Cromwell. Their home there became the centre of a literary circle which included the poets Tennyson and Robert and Elizabeth Browning, and the authors Dickens, Ruskin and Thackeray. 6 Literary Names (includes authors, poets) 9 James Hogg, 1770-1835 The Ettrick Shepherd. Author, songwriter and poet, his literary works brought him recognition and critical acclaim. His most famous book is The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner (1824). He was offered a knighthood by King George IV, but refused this honour. 10 Dame Muriel Spark (Muriel Sarah Writer, best known for her work "The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie" Camberg), 1918-2006 (1961). Spark began writing seriously after the war, under her married name, beginning with poetry and literary criticism. In 1947, she became editor of the Poetry Review. Her first novel, The Comforters, was published in 1957. Notes Dame Muriel Spark is also listed in the category ‘Women’

Nobel Prize Winners Names 1 Sir Alexander Fleming, 1881-1955 Nobel Prize for Medicine, 1945 2 Arthur Henderson, 1863-1935 Politician and Disarmament Campaigner Nobel Peace Prize, 1934 3 John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd Orr Doctor, Scientist and Nutritionist of Brechin Mearns, 1880-1971 Nobel Peace Prize, 1949 4 John James Richard Macleod, Nobel Prize for Medicine, 1923 1876-1935 5 Sir William Ramsay, 1852-1916 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, 1908

6 Alexander Robertus Todd, 1907- Nobel Prize for Chemistry, 1957 1997 7 Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Nobel Prize for Physics, 1927 1869-1959 Notes It excludes Scottish born winners who are still alive e.g. James Black, Nobel Prize for Medicine, 1988

7 Philanthropists Names 1 Dr. William McEwan, 1827 – 1913 Brewer and philanthropist. He set up his own company, the Fountain Brewery, in Edinburgh in 1856. He made his fortune by successfully developing a local market while achieving a significant export trade to the British Empire by the 1860s. 2 Sir William Forbes of Pitsligo, 1739 Banker and philanthropist. Supported many charitable works in - 1806 Edinburgh, including an orphan's hospital, blind asylum and a work- house. He acquired the lands of the Barony of Pitsligo and greatly improved the area, laying out the village of New Pitsligo in 1783. Founder member of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland and the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 3 Andrew Carnegie, 1835 – 1918 U.S. iron and steel magnate and great philanthropist. Born in Dunfermline, in Fife. Gave a considerable proportion of his fortune to the benefit of Scotland, including substantial educational endowments and church organs. 4 David Dale,1739 - 1806 Millowner and Philanthropist. Built cotton mills across Scotland. He ran his most famous mill at New Lanark, the new-town experiment in social engineering which Dale created in 1785. 5 Sir Thomas Lipton, 1850 – 1931 Grocer and entrepreneur. Lipton revolutionised the retail grocery trade, developing many of the marketing techniques which are used by supermarkets today. Lipton also started the World Cup in football (soccer) in 1910 6 Sir William Burrell, 1861-1958 Ship owner and collector of art and antiques. In 1944 he presented 8000 items to the City of Glasgow which form the Burrell Collection. He also gave 42 paintings to Berwick-upon-Tweed Art Gallery.

Philosophers Names Justification (includes academics) 1 Adam Ferguson, 1723 – 1816 In 1767 he published his most famous and important work the Essay on the History of Civil Society. He introduced the method of studying humankind in groups and is father of the subject now called "Sociology". http://www.scottishphilosophy.org/adamferguson.html

8 Philosophers Names Justification (includes academics) 2 Adam Smith, c.1723-1790 Economist and philosopher, his book "Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" (1776) was the corner-stone of the concept of political economy. http://www.scottishphilosophy.org/adamsmith.html 3 David Hume, 1711-1775 Philosopher, historian. Hume wrote on human nature, politics and introduced the concept of social history, his major works including his ground-breaking Treatise on Human Nature and Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals. http://www.scottishphilosophy.org/davidhume.html 4 Thomas Reid, 1710-1796 Professor and Regent of King' College, Aberdeen (1752). Succeeded Adam Smith as Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Glasgow (1763). His most notable work was Inquiry into the Human Mind (1764) http://www.scottishphilosophy.org/thomasreid.html 5 Dugald Stewart, 1753-1828 Professor of moral philosophy at Edinburgh (1758-1810). Much influenced by Thomas Reid’s ‘common sense’ philosophy, her became the leader of the Scottish School. His major work was Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind. http://www.scottishphilosophy.org/dugaldstewart.html 6 Alexander Bain, 1818-1903 Part of a notable group of 'Philosophical Radicals'. Bain took up the Regius Chair of Logic and English at the University of Aberdeen, which he held from 1860 until his retirement in 1880. He Bain wrote the first textbook on psychology in English (1855) and founded the first psychological journal, Mind, in 1876. http://www.scottishphilosophy.org/alexanderbain.html 7 Sir William Hamilton, 1788 -1856 Hamilton made his reputation through a series of articles published in the Edinburgh Review from 1829. These reviewed the state of education particularly had a great influence on the demand for educational reform and was also deeply involved in the debates leading up to the Disruption of 1843. Hamilton was an exponent of the Scottish common-sense philosophy and did a great deal to restore interest in philosophy in Britain. His works include Discussions on Philosophy and Literature, Education and University

9 Philosophers Names Justification (includes academics) Reform (1852). 8 James Frederick Ferrier, 1808-1864 He became Professor of Moral Philosophy and Political Economy at St. Andrews University in 1845. His most notable book was the Institutes of Metaphysic (1854). This was regarded as laying the foundations of the British Idealist movement. Ferrier was critical of the work of his friend Hamilton and in turn Sir William Hamilton's enthusiasm for the work of Thomas Reid. Notes The enlightenment thinkers dominate this list. Outwith this period, figures are included as Scottish philosophers by these criteria: They were educated in the Scottish universities; for the most part went on to teach there; they published philosophical works that attracted considerable attention within and beyond the borders of Scotland. These criteria are restrictive and may result in some names being excluded. There are some relevant inclusions, however, who never held university posts, e.g. David Hume, whose inclusion is warranted by the fact that they were significant contributors to the philosophical debates in the Scotland of their day.

Sciences Names (includes scientists, medical pioneers, mathematicians) 1 Sir Alexander Fleming, 1881-1955 Discovered the world's first antibiotic drug - Penicillin 2 Sir Andrew Balfour, 1630-1694 He introduced several novel techniques to the practice of medicine, including the introduction of dissection of the human body, into Scotland. He also proposed the first publicly-funded hospital in the country. Balfour is perhaps best remembered for creating a 'physic garden' with Sir Robert Sibbald (1641 - 1722), which eventually became the Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh. 3 Sir David Brewster, 1781-1868 A physicist who became Principal of the University of St. Andrews (1838) and then of Edinburgh (1859). He worked with polarised light and invented the kaleidoscope and a optical system for lighthouses (1835) and studied fluorescence in plant chlorophyll. He is remembered in Brewster's Law and Brewster's Angle, both of which he derived. He also wrote More Worlds than One: The

10 Sciences Names (includes scientists, medical pioneers, mathematicians) Creed of the Philosopher and the Hope of the Christian (1854), which speculated on whether life existed on planets beyond the Earth. 4 Sir John Napier, 1550-1617 Mathematician who Devised "Napier's Rods" or "Napier's Bones" which permitted easy multiplication by addition, and this led to him defining the concept of logarithms. Also invented the decimal point. 5 Sir James Dewar, 1842-1923 Physicist and Chemist, born in Kincardine, Fife. Inventor of the vacuum flask. 6 James Clerk Maxwell, 1831-1879 Mathematician and Physicist. Contributed significantly to the study of electro-magnetism and prepared the way for quantum physics. Ranks along with Newton and Einstein as one of the World's greatest physicists. 7 Mary Somerville, 1780-1872 Mary studied algebra and published a series of books, including one on physical geography which became a standard text for more than 50 years. She also translated the works of Laplace and predicted the existence of the planet Neptune. She was a pioneer of women's education and Oxford's first college for women was named in her honour (1879). Notes Mary Somerville is also listed in the category ‘Women’

Sciences Names (includes botanists, geologists, astronomers) 1 James Hutton, 1726 -1797 Father of modern Geology. His theory of Uniformitarianism was the basis of the explanation of the geological history of the earth. He discussed his ideas with other scholars of the Scottish Enlightenment. Hutton published his "Theory of the Earth" in

11 1785. 2 David Douglas, 1798-1834 Botanist who discovered more than 200 new plant species in North America, including the Douglas Fir which was named after him. 3 John Muir, 1834-1914 Founder of the U.S. National Park system and regarded as the father of the modern environmental movement. His writings led to the creation of the Sequoia and Yosemite national parks and the national park movement in general. A prolific writer, his books include My First Summer in the Sierra and Our National Parks as well as A Thousand-Mile Walk to the Gulf and The Yosemite . 4 John Playfair, 1748 -1819 Professor of natural philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, he was perhaps best known for his book Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth (1802), which summarized the work of James Hutton. It was through this book that Hutton's principle of uniformitarianism, later taken up by Charles Lyell, first reached a wide audience. 5 Charles Piazzi Smyth, 1819-1900 Astronomer Royal for Scotland. Instigated Edinburgh's "One O'Clock Gun". 6 Hugh Miller, 1802-1856 Stone Mason turned geologist, writer, journalist and religious reformer. Collected and described fossils from many Scottish localities. His 1841 book "The Old Red Sandstone" remains a classic work. A leader of the Disruption of the Church of Scotland in 1843, his religious views led to his bitter opposition to the emerging theories of evolution.

Women Names 1 Agnes Broun, 1732-1820 Mother of Robert Burns (1759-96). 2 Mary Slessor, 1848-1915 Notable missionary in West Africa. She took on the authorities to bring genuine benefits to the natives, setting up many schools, hospitals and churches. Called 'Great Mother' by the Nigerians, she provided healthcare and education and ended practices such as human sacrifice. 3 Dame Muriel Spark (Muriel Sarah Writer, best known for her work "The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie" Camberg), 1918-2006 (1961). Spark began writing seriously after the war, under her

12 Women Names married name, beginning with poetry and literary criticism. In 1947, she became editor of the Poetry Review. Her first novel, The Comforters, was published in 1957. 4 Flora MacDonald, 1722 1790) She helped Bonnie Prince Charlie to safety following the failed rebellion of 1745. She later emigrated to North Carolina and was active recruiting Scots to fight for the British in the American War of Independence. 5 Jessie Marion King, 1875-1945 Designer and internationally renowned and much sought after book illustrator. She also designed jewellery and wallpaper and was greatly involved with batik and pottery 6 Mary Somerville, 1780-1872 Mary studied algebra and published a series of books, including one on physical geography which became a standard text for more than 50 years. She also translated the works of Laplace and predicted the existence of the planet Neptune. She was a pioneer of women's education and Oxford's first college for women was named in her honour (1879). 7 Margaret MacDonald, 1865 - 1933 Married to Charles Rennie Mackintosh, a talented artist and designer in her own right, who had considerable influence on his work. Her design work became one of the defining features of the "Glasgow Style" during the 1890s. Notes Dame Muriel Spark is also listed in the category ‘Literary’. Mary Somerville is also listed in the category ‘Science (scientists, medical pioneers, mathematicians)’ Margaret MacDonald and Jessie Marion King are also listed in the category ‘Women’

13 Bibliography

Chambers Biographical Dictionary (2002) 7th edn. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd.

Biographical Dictionary of Women (1998) London: Penguin Books.

Fellows Gordon, I. (1988) Famous Scots London: Shepheard-Walwyn (Publishers) Ltd.

The Cambridge Biographical Encyclopedia (1998) 2nd edn. Cambridge: University Press.

Who Was Who (2002) London: A & C Black Publishers Ltd.

Online

Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Philosophers, The International Association of Scottish Philosophers,

The Gazetteer for Scotland (2009) Available at: http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/gaztitle.html (Accessed: 19 June 2009).

Dictionary of Scottish Architects (2008) Available at: www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/ (Accessed: 19 June 2009). www.rampantscotland.com/famous/famous.htm (Accessed: 19 June 2009).

The Nobel Prize Internet Archive (2008) Available at: http://nobelprizes.com/nobel/nobel.html (Accessed: 19 June 2009).

'Scottish Winners of the Nobel Prize' The Scotsman 10 September 2001 [Online]. Available at: http://www.scotsman.com/ (Accessed: 19 June 2009).

Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy (2009) Available at: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/scottish-19th/ (Accessed: 19 June 2009).

The International Association for Scottish Philosophy (2009) Available at: http://www.scottishphilosophy.org/ (Accessed: 19 June 2009).

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