1 1 0 0 1 JAV a V: E AST JA VANESE TEMPL ES I I Selected by Dr

1 1 0 0 1

JAV A V: E AST JA VANESE TEMPL ES I I

Selected by Dr. Stephen Markel

ACS AA Col or Sli de Pro ject Pro fessor Walte r M. S pink, Direct or

Co nt inu ing t he sur ve y o f E as t J ava ne se tem pl es beg un in AC SA A s et 5401, this set covers Selamangleng, Kidal, Tigawangi, Surawana, Tikus, and Bajangratu. Candi Sukuh, although located in Central Java, is also included in the set, which is organized chronologically. The dates of temples mainly follow those p r op o s e d in Ja c q ue s Dum a r c ay , Th e Tem ple s of Jav a, tra nslate d and ed it ed by Mi cha el Sm ith ies ( Sin gap or e: Oxf or d U niv er sit y P re ss, 1986). Dr. Thomas Hunter (Academic Director, Bali; School for In te rna tio na l T rai ni ng) ge ne rou sly p rov ide d the id en tif ica ti on fo r som e n ar rat ive r eli efs . Sel ect p ubl ica ti on ref er enc es ar e furnished. Diacritical marks are omitted in the entries and Indonesian spelling is followed. All slides copyright Asian Art A r ch i v e s, Th e Un iv e r s it y of Mi c hi g a n . The slides in this set were taken in 1983 during a research and photographic expedition to Java. The expedition was organized by the ACSAA Color Slide Project, with the help of the Department of th e His tor y of Art a nd the C ent er fo r S out h and So ut hea st As ian Studies of The University of Michigan. Expedition members and pho tograp hers i nclude d Walt er Spi nk, Su resh V asant, Garre tt Solyom, Paul Berry, Elizabeth Horton, Patrick Young, and Stephen Ma rk el. As si sta nce i s g rat ef ull y a ck now led ge d f rom t he Nat io nal Research Centre of Archaeology and the Directorate of Protection an d Dev elo pm ent of H ist ori ca l a nd Ar cha eol og ica l H er ita ge of th e Government of Indonesia, The Ford Foundation, the Social Science Research Council, The Asian Cultural Council, and the Southeast A s ia Ar t Fo u nd a t io n .

1 1 0 0 1 He rm it' s C av e, Sel am ang len g, Tu lun ga gun g, c. 10 00, general view from East. Note eroded kala-head over e n t r a n c e . Pu b : A. J. B e r n e t Ke m p e r s , A n c i e n t I n d o n e s i a n Art (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959), pls. 191 9 2 ( he re af t er c i te d as Be rn e t Ke mp e rs , I nd on es i an A r t) .

1 1 0 0 2 Her mit's Cave, Selama ngleng , Tulu ngagun g, c. 1000, en tr anc e w it h m ale g uar dia n dei ty.

1 1 0 0 3 Hermit's Cave, Selamangleng, Tulungagung, c. 1000, interior, relief on left side wall, Scenes from the A rj un aw i wa ha : In dr a o rde rs hi s c el est ial n ymp hs to int erfere with Arjuna 's pen ance o n Mt. Indrak ila.

1 1 0 0 4 De ta il of 11 003 : I nd ra and a tte nda nt s. 1 1 0 0 5 D e t a i l of 11003: C el es ti a l ny mp h d esc en din g o n clo uds . 1 1 00 6 Detail of 11003: Celestial nymphs bathing at river's edge.

1 1 00 7 Hermit's Cave, Selamangleng, Tulungagung, c. 1000, in te rio r, re lie f o n rea r w al l, Sce ne s f rom t he Ar ju naw iwa ha : E nth ro ned In dr a a nd ce les tia l fig ure s.

1 1 0 0 8 D et ai l of 11 0 07 : En t hr on e d In dr a .

1 1 00 9 De ta il of 11 007 : F ig ure s a t bas e o f thr one .

1 1 0 1 0 Detail of 11007: Celestial figures on clouds over forest.

1 1 0 1 1 Hermit's Cave, Selamangleng, Tulungagung, c. 1000, interior, relief on right side wall, Scenes from the Arjunawiwaha: Arjuna with celestial nymphs and receiving i ns tr uc t io n.

1 1 0 1 2 Detail of 11011: Celestial nymph standing at river's edge.

11013 Detail of 11011: Arjuna with the celestial nymphs, Suprabha and Tilottama.

1 1 0 1 4 De ta il of 11 011 : A rj una re ce ivi ng in str uct io n.

1 1 0 1 5 D e ta i l of 11 01 1 : T h r e e ma l e fi g ur e s .

1 1 0 1 6 Candi Kidal, Rejokidal village, near Malang, c. 1260, s t o n e , g e n e r a l v i e w f r o m N o r t h w e s t . P u b : B e r n e t K e m p e r s , I n do n e s ia n Art , pl s . 21 5 - 1 9.

1 1 0 1 7 Candi Kidal, c. 1260, front of temple, view from West.

1 1 0 1 8 C an di K i da l, c. 1 26 0 , ka l a- he ad ov er en tr an c e.

1 1 0 1 9 Candi Kidal, c. 1260, entrance with foliate decoration.

1 1 0 2 0 D e ta i l of 11 01 9 : F o l i at e dec o r a ti o n .

1 1 0 2 1 C a nd i Kid a l , c . 12 6 0 , n o r t h fa c ad e .

1 1 0 2 2 Detail of 11021: Garuda carrying his mother Vinata.

Candi Kidal, c. 1260, temple compound, stone image of 1 1 0 2 3 f ou r- ar m ed s e at ed W i sd om Go dd es s .

Candi Bajangratu, near Trawulan, c. 1300-50, brick, 1 1 0 2 4 g e n e r a l v i e w f r o m f r o n t s i d e . P u b : B e r n e t K e m p e r s , I n do n e s ia n Art , pl . 286 .

Candi Bajangratu, c. 1300-50, general view from back 1 1 0 2 5 s i d e . 1 1 0 2 6 D e t a i l o f 11025: P yr am id a l tow er.

1 1 0 2 7 Detail o f 11025: To p of tow er sh owi ng mo lde d dec ora ti on.

1 1 0 2 8 Detail of 11025: Base of tower showing Siwa and kala-head.

1 1 0 2 9 Candi Bajangratu, c. 1300-50, kala-head on side of t e mp l e .

1 1 0 3 0 Candi Bajangratu, c. 1300-50, entrance from back side.

1 1 0 3 1 Ca nd i T iga wa ngi , T ig awa ngi v ill age , nea r P ar e, Ked ir i, c . 1 3 7 0 , st o ne , ge n e r al vi ew fr om No rt h w es t . Pu b : Be r n e t K em pe rs , I nd o ne si an Ar t, pl s. 2 9 6- 97 .

1 1 0 3 2 Candi Tigawangi, c. 1370, West facade of base, North end.

1 1 0 3 3 Candi Tigawangi, c. 1370, Garuda on North facade of base, W e st en d.

1 1 0 3 4 Candi Tigawangi, c. 1370, South facade of base showing scenes from the Sudamala. Pub: Ki. Padmapuspita, Candi Su ku h d an Ki dun q S ud ama la: K ome nta r, Ta ks da n A lih B aha sa (J ak art a: Pr oye k P en gem ban ga n M edi a Keb uda ya an. Di tj en Department Pendidikan & Kebudayaan, 1979; hereafter cited a s P a d m a , S u d a m a l a ) .

1 1 0 3 5 Candi Tigawangi, c. 1370, South facade of base, West end, Scenes from the Sudamala: Kunti returns to the palace [a ft er her m eet ing w ith Du rg a] and m eet s ( le ft to ri ght ) Y u d i s t i r a , Bi m a , Ar j u n a , Sa k u l a , an d Sa d e w a . S h e te l l s them of her vow (to sacrifice Sadewa in exchange for Du rg a's gi vi ng the o the r P an daw a b ro the rs th e p owe r to ove rcome Kalanj aya an d Kala ntaka. Facin g Kunt i is S emarl. P ub : Pa d ma , Sud am al a , pl . 5 , p. 16 3.

Candi Tigawangi, c. 1370, South facade of base, West end, 1 1 0 3 6 Scenes from the Sudamala: Durga threatens Sadewa with demonic apparitions. Pub: Bernet Kempers, Indonesian Art, pl. 297.

Candi Tigawangi, c. 1370, South facade of base, East end, 1 1 0 3 7 Scenes from the Sudamala: (left) After Betari Durga in the for m of R a Nini has b een fr eed fr om sin throu gh the ruwat ritual [performed by Sadewa], she returns to her true r-o r m as Dewi Uma. Pub: Padma, Sudamala, pl. 8, p. 164; (right) Sadewa, who now has been gives name Sudamala by durga, on the way to Prang-alas ["Forest Battle"], the hermitage of the sage Tambrapetra. Pub: Padma, Sudamala, pl. 9, pp. 164-65. 1 1 0 3 8 Candi Tigawangi, c . 1 3 7 0 , South f ac ad e of ba s e, E as t e nd , Scenes from the Sudamala: (left) After Sadewa succeeds in fr ee ing Be ga wan Bh ay awa n] Ta mbr ape tr a f rom t he aff li cti on of b lin dne ss , t he sa ge int ro duc es Sa dew a t o his be au tif ul daughter [Ni Padapa]. Padma, Sudamala, pl. 11, p. 165; ( ri gh t) Th e mar ri ag e o f Sad ew a wit h t h e d a u g h t e r s o f Tambrapetra, named Ni Padapa and Ni Soka. Sadewa is led int o the marria ge com pound. Tambr apetra 's wif e prep ares the wedding garments. Ni Soka shyly turns her head away. Pu b: Pa dma , Sud ama la , p l. 11 , p . 1 65 .

Candi Tigawangi, c. 1370, East facade of base, South end, 11 03 9 Scenes from the Sudamala: Tambrapetra discusses Kalanjaya and Kalan taka w ith Sa dewa. Sadewa , reme mberin g his duties as a warrior, takes leave of the sage to return to his brothers. Pub: Padma, Sudamala, pl. 13, p. 166.

Candi Tigawangi, c. 1370, East facade of base, South end, 1 1 0 4 0 Scenes from the Sudamala: The reunion of Sadewa [center left] with Dewi Kunti [center right], along with Yudistira, Bima and Arjuna. He is accompanied by Tambrapetra and Sakula [to his rear, left]. This is the final scene in the Kidunq Sudamala. Pub: Padma, Sudamala, p l . 14 , p . 1 6 6 .

Candi Tigawangi, c. 1370, East facade of base, North end, 1 1 0 4 1 Sc en es fro m an unf in ish ed se rie s o f rel ief s.

Ca nd i S ura wa na, Ca ng gu vil la ge, ne ar Pa re, K edi ri, 1 1 0 4 2 c . 1 3 9 0 , st o ne , ge n e r al vi ew fr om So ut h w es t . Pu b : Be r n e t Kempers, Indonesian Art, pls. 298-303; and Peter Worsley, "Narrative Bas-Reliefs at Candi Surawana," in Southeast Asia in the 9th to 14th Centuries (Singapore: Institute of So ut hea st As ian St ud ies , 1 98 6), pp . 335 -67 .

Candi Surawana, c. 1390, front of temple, view from West.

11043 Candi Surawana, c. 1390, North facade, Scenes from the Arj unawiw aha: A rjuna and th e Hunt er qua rrel o ver wh o shot 1 1 0 4 4 the boar, Arjun a and the Hu nter f ight, the Hu nter r eveals himself as Siwa (panels 8-10, right to left) [above], il lu str ati on s o f T an tri ta le s ( bel ow ).

Candi Surawana, c. 1390, West facade, South end, Scenes from the Arjunawiwaha: Suprabha in the palace of 1 1 0 4 5 N i wa t a k aw a c a ( p a ne l 23a ) .

Candi Surawana, c. 1390, West facade, South end, Scenes from the Arjunawiwaha: Arjuna shoots an arrow at 1 1 04 6 N i wa t a k aw a c a ( p a ne l 25) .

Candi Surawana, c. 1390, West facade, South end, Scenes from the Sri Tanjung: Sidapaksa comes in the night to Sri 1 1 0 4 7 Tanjung (panel 22). 1 1 0 4 8 C an di Surawana, c . 1390, W es t f a ca d e , North e n d, Scenes f ro m the S r i Ta n ju n q : Sid apaksa seated in the k ap at ih a n g ri ev in g ov er the dea th of Sri Ta njung (panel 3).

11 04 9 Ca nd i T iku s, Tr awu la n, 14t h cen tur y, br ick , gen era l vie w fr om No rth ea st. Pu b: Be rne t Kem per s, In don es ian Ar t, pl . 2 7 0.

Candi Tikus, Trawulan, 14th century, view of bathing place 1 1 0 5 0 f r om No rt h e a st .

Can di Tik us, Tr awulan , 14th centu ry, te rrace with t urrets 1 1 0 5 1 rep licati ng Mou nt Mer u, vie w from North .

Detail of 11051: Small turrets and floral motif at West 1 1 0 5 2 e n d .

Ca nd i T iku s, Tr awu la n, 14t h cen tur y, te rra ce wi th tu rre ts, 1 1 0 5 3 v i ew fr om We st .

Candi Tikus, Trawulan, 14th century, West facade of 1 1 0 5 4 terrace with stone waterspouts in the form of makaras.

Candi Sukuh, near Surakarta, Central Java, c. 1430, stone, 1 1 0 5 5 1st terrace, gateway, view from West. Pub: Bernet Ke mp ers , I nd one sia n Art , p ls . 3 29- 34 .

Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 1st terrace, gateway, West facade, 1 1 0 5 6 f a ls e eav e wit h mo n k e y.

Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 1st terrace, gateway, North facade, 1 1 0 5 7 G a ru d a wi t h se r p en t s .

Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 1st terrace, gateway floor with 1 1 0 5 8 m ot if o f p ha l lu s an d v ul v a.

D et ai l of 11 0 58 : Ph a ll us an d vu l va m o ti f. 1 1 05 9 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, lat terrace, gateway, demonic head over back of entrance. 1 1 0 6 0 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 2nd terrace, gateway, view from S o ut h w e st . 1 1 0 6 1 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, main temple and c om po un d , ge n er al v i ew f r om W es t . 1 1 0 6 2 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, main temple, general v ie w fr o m So u th we st . 1 1 0 6 3 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, main temple and to rt ois es, v iew fr om No rth we st. 1 1 0 6 4 11065 Candi S u k u h , c . 1430, 3rd te rr ace , S ou th tor to ise in f ro nt o f m ai n t em pl e .

1 1 06 6 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, Northern platform with tower and reliefs, general view from top of main temple.

1 1 0 6 7 Detail of 11066: Scenes on South facade of tower.

1 1 0 6 8 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, Northern platform, Wes t faca de of tower with a ddorse d peac ock mo tif wi th i ns et f i gu re s .

1 1 06 9 D e ta i l of 11 06 8 : I n s e t fi g ur e s .

1 1 0 7 0 D et ai l of 11 0 68 : Fi g ht o v er a ni m al c a rc as s.

1 1 07 1 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, compound, Relief with Scene from the Sudamala: Durga threatens Sadewa with d e m o n i c a p p a r i t i o n s . P e r h a p s o r i g i n a l l y f r o m N o r t h e r n p l a t f o r m . )

Detail of 11071: Durga and dismembered body parts. 1 1 0 7 2 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, compound, relief with 1 1 0 7 3 Sc en e f rom t he Sud am ala : S ad ewa an d Sem ar wo rsh ip th e goddess Uma. (Perhaps originally from Northern platform.)

Ca nd i S uku h, c. 14 30 , 3 rd te rra ce, N ort her n pla tfo rm , 1 1 0 7 4 Relief with Scenes from the Sudamala: Sadewa-Sudamala and his broth er Sak ula ha ve kil led th e demo n Kala ntaka.

Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, compound, Relief with 1 1 0 7 5 Scenes from the Sudamala: Bima slaying a demon follower of K a l a n t a k a a n d Ka l a n j a y a . R e l i e f is d a t e d 1 3 6 1 S a k a e r a (A.D. 1439). Pub: Padma, Sudamala, pl. 151, p. 150.

Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, compound, Relief with 1 1 0 7 6 Scenes from the Sudamala: The meeting of Sadewa and Siwa. Siwa is standing, behind him is the punakawan called M e r d a h . B e h i n d S a d e w a is Tu a l e n . Pu b : Pa d m a , S u d a m a l a , p l . 15 3 , p. 15 2 .

Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, compound, Relief with 1 1 0 7 7 Scenes from the Sudamala: After Sudamala succeeds in freeing Tambrapetra from blindness, the two daughters of the Begawan are given to him in marriage. Here, Sadewa a n d Ni Pa d a p a st an d in fr o nt of a n ent r a nc e gat e . Pu b : P ad ma , Sud am a la , pl . 1 60 - 61 , p. 15 8- 5 9.

Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, compound, relief with 1 1 0 7 8 elephant. Ca nd i S uku h, c. 14 30 , 3 rd te rra ce, N ort her n pla tfo rm , 1 1 0 7 9 Ga ru da on We st fac ad e o f m on oli thi c obe lis k. 1 1 0 8 0 C an di S u k u h , c . 1430, 3rd terrace, Nor thern platfo rm, Southwest corner, Garuda on South facade of pillar.

1 1 08 1 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, compound, headless G a r u d a .

1 1 0 8 2 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, compound, headless G a r u d a .

11083 Detail of 11082: Inscription on back side of Garuda.

1 1 08 4 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, compound, shrine in f ro nt o f m ai n t em pl e , We s t fa ca d e.

11085 De ta il of 11 084 : M al e t ors o in shr in e.

1 1 0 8 6 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, compound, shrine in f ro nt o f m ai n t em pl e , No r th f ac a de .

1 1 0 8 7 D et ai l of 11 0 86 : Se a te d war ri or .

1 1 0 8 8 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, Southern platform, We st en d, No rth fa ce of pi ll ar wit h fem ale f igu re.

1 1 08 9 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, Southern platform, W es t en d , We s t fa ce of p i ll ar w i th m a le f ig u re .

1 1 0 9 0 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, Southern platform, W es t en d , he a dl es s ith yp h al li c fig ur e .

1 1 0 9 1 Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, compound, guardian fig ure al ong wa lkway in fro nt of main t emple.

Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, compound, unfinished 1 1 0 9 2 g ua rd ia n f ig u re b y gat ew a y.

Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, compound, waterspout 1 1 0 9 3 in the form of a seated ithyphallic dwarf figure.

Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, compound, floral 1 1 0 9 4 medallions on wall.

Candi Sukuh, c. 1430, 3rd terrace, compound, Relief with 1 1 0 9 5 S c e n e i n a b l a c k s m i t h ' s s h o p . ( N o w h o u s e d i n D i r e k t o r a t Perlindungan dan Pembinaan Peninggalan Sejarah dan Pu rb aka la, J aka rta ). Pu b: Be rne t K em per s, In don esi an Ar t, pl. 334; Stanley J. O'Connor, "Metallurgy and Immortality at Candi Sukuh, Central Java," Indonesia 39 (1985): 52-70; and Jan Fontein, The Sculpture of Indonesia, exh. cat. ( W a s h i n g t o n , D.C.: Na ti ona l G al ler y o f Art , 1 99 0), pp . 1 7 5 - 7 6 , n o . 33 .

De ta il of 11 095 : S mi th (Bi ma ?). 1 1 09 6 1 1 0 9 7 D e t a i l o f 1 1 0 9 5 : F o r g e d w e a p o n s , t o o l s , a n d c e r e m o n i a l i m p l e m e n t s .

1 1 0 9 8 D e t a i l o f 1 1 0 9 5 : G a n e s h a ( ? ) w i t h d o g . 1 1 0 9 9 D e t a i l o f 1 1 0 9 5 : H e a d o f G a n e s h a ( ? ) . 1 1 1 0 0 Detail of 11095: Smith's assistant operating bellows.