DOCSLIB.ORG

Quantitative Ethnobotany of Lophira Lanceolata Tiegh. Ex Keay (Ochnaceae) in Benin (West Africa)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Quantitative Ethnobotany of Lophira Lanceolata Tiegh. Ex Keay (Ochnaceae) in Benin (West Africa) Available online at http://www.ifgdg.org Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 11(3): 1236-1253, June 2017 ISSN 1997-342X (Online), ISSN 1991-8631 (Print) Original Paper http://ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int Quantitative ethnobotany of Lophira lanceolata Tiegh. ex Keay (Ochnaceae) in Benin (West Africa) Aliou DICKO1*, Honoré Samadori Sorotori BIAOU1, Armand Kuyema NATTA1 and Gérard GOUWAKINNOU2 1Laboratory of Ecology, Botany and Plant Biology, Department of Natural Resources Management, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, Republic of Benin. 03 PO Box 125 Parakou, Benin. 2School of Wildlife and Protected Areas Management, Kandi, University of Parakou, Republic of Benin, PO Box 287 Kandi, Benin. * Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected], 03 PO Box 125 Parakou, Benin. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the International Foundation For Science (IFS) for funding this project. ABSTRACT Understanding the utilization of plant is fundamental for efficient conservation of species. The present study aimed at assessing the quatitative ethnobotany of Lophira lanceolata Tiegh. ex Keay (Ochnaceae) utilization in Benin. A number of 1261 persons were randomly selected and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. Principal Components Analysis was performed to relate utilizations and organs to ethnic groups. The diversity (ID) and equitability (IE) values were globally low (< 0.50) and indicated that local knowledge on L. lanceolata utilization is not fairly distributed among groups. L. lanceolata was not well- known by all the respondents and its utilization varied significantly among ethnic groups, between sex and fairly between age classes. The ethnic group consensus values for L. lanceolata parts showed that leaves are the most used organ. Local knowledge on the species was well-diversified and was influenced by the ethnic group. Our study has provided basic information that may help for sustainable management and conservation of the species in Benin. © 2017 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: False shea, endogenous knowledge, ethnic differences, use value, use pattern. INTRODUCTION plants (tree or herbaceous) and animals Natural forests provide a wide range of (Avocevou-Ayisso et al., 2009) used by local good and service to local population, enabling population to meet their various needs, them to meet their needs. Millions of people especially insurance of health and food in developing countries still rely on Non security (Takasaki et al., 2004). However, Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in natural there is growing evidence that NTFP are vegetations to satisfy their livelihood (Gaoué overharvested with non-convenient traditional and Ticktin, 2007). NTFP include any part of methods which have negative effect on © 2017 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. 2875-IJBCS DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v11i3.25 A. DICKO et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 11(3): 1236-1253, 2017 species reproduction (Betti, 2001; Gaoué and distribution range and suggested to established Ticktin, 2007). sustainable management strategies of its But NTFP are not harvested at the populations. Nonviho et al. (2014) realized same frequency and pressure for all species. that oil extracted from the seeds of L. This depends on the species utilization lanceolata can be used for various purposes potential which is influenced by because it contains much polyunsaturated and socioeconomic, cultural or ecological factors essential fatty acid. In Nigeria, Fariku and (Camou-Guerrero et al., 2008). Factors such Kidah (2008) demonstrated that biomass of L. as gender, age, ethnic group and relationship lanceolata fruit has high local energy between groups can have a synergetic potential. Lohlum et al. (2010) study on the influence on the utilization value of a species biochemical composition of L. lanceolata (Gouwakinnou et al., 2011). This underlines seeds revealed seeds are sources of protein, the importance of ethnobotanical study mineral elements and energy in livestock recognized as complementary tool for feeds. However, ethnobotanical importance of managing and conserving plant resources in L. lanceolata is poorly understood. This study tropical regions (Albuquerque et al., 2009). used a quantitative approach to show how Some ethnobotanical studies have highlighted ethnobotanical knowledge of L. lanceolata is the need to integrate the perspective of affected by local population characteristics traditional knowledge into ecological research such the ethnic group, age and gender. This (Albuquerque et al., 2009). Additionally, there study will provide baseline information for the is growing efforts on the understanding of sustainable management and conservation of traditional ecological knowledge (López- L. lanceolata in Benin. Hoffman et al., 2006; Gaoue and Ticktin, 2009). Indeed, the success of natural resources MATERIALS AND METHODS management schedule requires the integration Study species of local population perception and knowledge. L. lanceolata, also known as the red The red ironwood (Lophira lanceolata oak is a tree species that may reach 16(-24) m Tiegh. ex Keay, Ochnaceae) is a multipurpose tall (Mapongmetsem, 2007). Its leaves are use and oleaginous species used by west simple, entire, and alternate but clustered at African local communities (Mapongmetsem, the end of branches. Its inflorescence is a 2007). This species is associated to well- terminal, pyramidal, lax panicle with 15 to 20 diversified utilizations and is therefore a cm long. Flowers are bisexual, regular and natural resource of great socioeconomic white in color. Fruits are assimilated to importance. Like many other species in west conical shape. Seed are ovoid in shape, African arid and semi-arid zones (Traoré et chestnut-colored and glabrous al., 2011; Dassou et al., 2014), Lophira (Mapongmetsem, 2007). lanceolata has become vulnerable due to the L. lanceolata is widely distributed overexploitation of its organs, including barks, across the Sudano-Guinean savannas roots, flowers and fruits (Kouaro and Tasso, (Persinos and Guimby, 1968) from Senegal 2010). through the Central African Republic and Up to now, no management program or northern of Congo to Uganda conservation method (modern or traditional) (Mapongmetsem, 2007). It is majorly met in of L. lanceolata has been established for its fields and fallows and is established on sandy sustainable exploitation. or gravelly soils. The species can tolerate fire Some studies have concerned L. at adult stage, but seedlings are affected by lanceolata in Benin and Nigeria, a regular bushfires (Mapongmetsem, 2007). neighboring country. For example, a study in Benin by Kouaro and Tasso (2010) revealed that the species becomes rare in its natural 1237 A. DICKO et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 11(3): 1236-1253, 2017 Study area Table 2 summarizes local names of L. The study was carried out in three lanceolata for each sampled ethnic group. bioclimatic zones of Benin including Guineo- Congolean 6°25' N – 7°30' N), Sudano- Data analysis Guinean transition (7°30' N – 9°45' N) and For quatitative ethnobotanical analysis, Sudanian (9°45' N-12° N) zones. Nine (09) the following diversity metrics were used departments out of the twelve (12) prospected (Byg and Basley, 2001; Monteiro et al., where adult specimens of L. lanceolata have 2006): been recorded were considered as the study Interviewee diversity value (ID) area (Figure 1). In each department, we ID = Ux/Ut, where Ux is the number of randomly selected one (1) to five (5) district utilization citations by a given interviewee; Ut (s) where the species presence was recorded. is the total number of utilization A number of 24 districts out of the 77 districts Interviewee equitability value (IE) of the country were sampled. In each district, IE = ID/IDmax, where ID is the interviewee 3 or 4 villages not very far from the species diversity value; IDmax is ID maximum value natural habitats (set 10 km far from plant utilization diversity value (UD) communities with L. lanceolata) were UD = Ucx/Uct, where Ucx is the number of selected for intensive ethnobotanical data indications recorded by category; Uct is the collection. total number of indications for all categories Utilization equitability value (UE) Data collection UE = UD/UDmax, where UD is the utilization A preliminary investigation was diversity value; UD max is the UD maximum conducted up on fifty (50) persons randomly value selected from various ethnic groups in each Consensus value for plant parts department. Based on this, we calculated the (CPP) percentage of respondents that have once or CPP = Px/Pt, where Px is the number of times more used L. lanceolata. This percentage was a given plant part was cited; Pt is the total used to estimate the sample size for the number of citations of all parts definitive ethnobotanical investigation using These parameters indicate how the the formula of Dagnelie (1998) as follow: species is used and how knowledge about their utilization is shared among the N = , where N is the respondents (Koura et al., 2011). To compute the utilization diversity value (UD), recorded sample size, is the normal utilizations of L. Lanceolata were classified into five categories. We used non-parametric distribution variable at the threshold of Kruskal-Wallis test in Minitab16 to verify α=0.05; = 1.96; p denotes the whether the ID and IE metrics differ frequency of persons having once or more significantly between sex, age, localities and used the species
Load more

Recommended publications
  • AZOBE OCHNACEAE MAIN LOCAL NAMES Family: LOG DESCRI
    Common name: AZOBE Family: OCHNACEAE Scientific name(s): Lophira alata Lophira procera (synonymous) LOG DESCRIPTION WOOD DESCRIPTION Diameter: from 60 to 100 cm Colour: Dark red Thickness of sapwood: from 2 to 4 cm Sapwood: Clearly demarcated Floats: no Texture: Coarse Durability in forest : Good Grain: Interlocked Interlocked grain: Marked Note: Dark red to purple brown wood. Intermediate zone between sapwood and heartwood. White deposits in the pores. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Physical and mechanical properties are based on mature heartwood specimens. These properties can vary greatly depending on origin and growth conditions. mean standard deviation mean standard Density *: 1.06 g/cm3 0.04 deviation Monnin hardness*: 10.7 2.7 Crushing strength *: 96 MPa 9 Coef of volumetric shrinkage: 0.69 % 0.01 Static bending strength *: 162 MPa 21 Total tangential shrinkage: 10.3 % 0.9 Total radial shrinkage: 7.3 % 1.0 Modulus of elasticity *: 21420 MPa 3539 Fibre saturation point: 28 % Stability: Poorly stable ( * : at 12 % moisture content ; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2 ) NATURAL DURABILITY AND TREATABILITY Fungi and termite resistance refers to end-uses under temperate climate. Except for special comments on sapwood, natural durability is based on mature heartwood. Sapwood must always be considered as non-durable against wood degrading agents. Fungi: Class 2 - durable * ensured by natural Dry wood borers: Durable; sapwood demarcated (risk limited to sapwood) durability (according Termites: Class D - Durable EN standards). Treatability: 4 - not permeable Use class*: 4 - in ground or fresh water contact Note: This species is listed in the European standard NF EN 350-2. Transitional wood has a variable durability.
    [Show full text]
  • The Woods of Liberia
    THE WOODS OF LIBERIA October 1959 No. 2159 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY FOREST SERVICE MADISON 5, WISCONSIN In Cooperation with the University of Wisconsin THE WOODS OF LIBERIA1 By JEANNETTE M. KRYN, Botanist and E. W. FOBES, Forester Forest Products Laboratory,2 Forest Service U. S. Department of Agriculture - - - - Introduction The forests of Liberia represent a valuable resource to that country-- especially so because they are renewable. Under good management, these forests will continue to supply mankind with products long after mined resources are exhausted. The vast treeless areas elsewhere in Africa give added emphasis to the economic significance of the forests of Liberia and its neighboring countries in West Africa. The mature forests of Liberia are composed entirely of broadleaf or hardwood tree species. These forests probably covered more than 90 percent of the country in the past, but only about one-third is now covered with them. Another one-third is covered with young forests or reproduction referred to as low bush. The mature, or "high," forests are typical of tropical evergreen or rain forests where rainfall exceeds 60 inches per year without pro­ longed dry periods. Certain species of trees in these forests, such as the cotton tree, are deciduous even when growing in the coastal area of heaviest rainfall, which averages about 190 inches per year. Deciduous species become more prevalent as the rainfall decreases in the interior, where the driest areas average about 70 inches per year. 1The information here reported was prepared in cooperation with the International Cooperation Administration. 2 Maintained at Madison, Wis., in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Present Status of Plant Species in E Macro Habitat of Ogbia in Bayelsa
    Original Article Assessment of present status of plant species in Otuoke macro habi tat of Ogbia in B ayelsa state, Nigeria:A checklist of plant species in the study area B L Nyananyo 1, M M Etukudo 2* , M I E Roberts 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, P.M.B. 126, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State , NIGERIA . Email: [email protected] Abstract This study was carried out to assess the qualitative parameters of native species in Otuoke terres trial habitat in view of the need for monitoring of plant species and enhance sustainability of the important services provided by plants. Random sampling with line transect was used to collect plant specimen from the study area. Preservation and identification of plant species were carried out using standard taxonomic procedures. Vast number of plant species ranging from herbs, shrubs to trees were identified in the study area. Eighty six (86) plant species that cut across different families were identified and preserved in the herbarium unit of the Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. This study provides an excellent overview of the present status of plant species in the study area. This study suggests that Otuoke terrestrial habitat is endowed with great diversity of flora, hence, appropriate conservation strategies should be adopted for sustainable exploitation and management of plant species in the area. Keywords: Assessment, present status, plant species, Otuoke, Bayelsa state, Nigeria. *Address for Correspondence: Dr. M M Etukudo, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, P.M.B. 126, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, NIGERIA.
    [Show full text]
  • Tree Composition and Ecological Structure of Akak Forest Area
    Environment and Natural Resources Research; Vol. 9, No. 4; 2019 ISSN 1927-0488 E-ISSN 1927-0496 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Tree Composition and Ecological Structure of Akak Forest Area Agbor James Ayamba1,2, Nkwatoh Athanasius Fuashi1, & Ayuk Elizabeth Orock1 1 Department of Environmental Science, University of Buea, Cameroon 2 Ajemalebu Self Help, Kumba, South West Region, Cameroon Correspondence: Agbor James Ayamba, Department of Environmental Science, University of Buea, Cameroon. Tel: 237-652-079-481. E-mail: [email protected] Received: August 2, 2019 Accepted: September 11, 2019 Online Published: October 12, 2019 doi:10.5539/enrr.v9n4p23 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v9n4p23 Abstract Tree composition and ecological structure were assessed in Akak forest area with the objective of assessing the floristic composition and the regeneration potentials. The study was carried out between April 2018 to February 2019. A total of 49 logged stumps were selected within the Akak forest spanning a period of 5 years and 20m x 20m transects were demarcated. All plants species <1cm and above were identified and recorded. Results revealed that a total of 5239 individuals from 71 families, 216 genera and 384species were identified in the study area. The maximum plants species was recorded in the year 2015 (376 species). The maximum number of species and regeneration potentials was found in the family Fabaceae, (99 species) and (31) respectively. Baphia nitida, Musanga cecropioides and Angylocalyx pynaertii were the most dominant plants specie in the years 2013, 2015 and 2017 respectively. The year 2017 depicts the highest Simpson diversity with value of (0.989) while the year 2015 show the highest Simpson dominance with value of (0.013).
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Medicinal Herbal Trade (Paraga) in Lagos State of Nigeria
    Ethnobotanical Leaflets 12: 677-681. 2008. Evaluation of Medicinal Herbal Trade (Paraga) in Lagos State of Nigeria Akeem Babalola Kadiri Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Lagos, Akoka Yaba Lagos. Nigeria [email protected] Issued 12 September 2008 INTRODUCTION Traditional medicine can be described as the total combination of knowledge and practice, whether explicable or not, used in diagnosing, preventing or eliminating a physical, mental or social disease and which may rely exclusively on past experience and observation handed down from generation to generation, verbally or in writing (Sofowora, 1982). A medicinal plant is any plant which in one or more of its organs contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes or which are precursors for the synthesis of useful drugs. The use of medicinal plants as remedies is common and widespread in Nigeria. Currently, the society at large appreciates natural cure, which medicinal plants provide compared to synthetic cure. The plants parts used in remedies include the bark, leaves, roots, flowers, fruits and seeds. (Sofowora, 1982). The discoveries of the use of plant for food and as medicine began at a very early stage in human evolution. The history of the use of plants dates back to the time of the early man. The art of using plants to enhance his health must have come to the early man in the most unscientific way. Some of us may want to believe that he used his instinct to identify poisonous and non-poisonous plants while some of us accept that there were external forces or invisible help us who guided him to know what he could eat freely to keep fit.
    [Show full text]
  • A.B. Kadiri and J.D
    Nigerian Journal of Science Vol 48 (2014): 1-13 Anatomy of Timber Species of Nigeria *A.B. KADIRI AND J.D. OLOWOKUDEJO Department of Botany, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos Nigeria *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Vessels, parenchyma and ray cells of eighteen woody plant species belonging to 14 families (8 Orders) in Nigeria were studied using light microscopy. Configuration of ray cells, vessel diameter, pitting pattern of the vessels and parenchyma position in relation to the vessel pores are useful taxonomically and they can be linked to the various uses of the woods. Multiseriate ray cells were common in the Order Gentianales e.g. Alstonia congensis, (Apocynaceae) and Mitragyna ciliata (Rubiaceae). Family Fabaceae e.g. Brachystegia eurycoma and Piptadeniastrum africanum have paratracheal parenchyma, absence of cell inclusions and solitary or clustered vessels in common. Order Lamiales e.g. Family Lamiaceae: Tectona grandis and Boraginaceae: Cordia millenii have homogenous ray cells and banded paratracheal parenchyma with no inclusions. These characters may contribute to understanding the incertae sedis situation surrounding appropriate placement of Boraginaceae in an Order. Cleistopholis patens (Annonaceae) and Pycnanthus angolensis (Myristicaeae) in the Order Magnoliales have scalariform vessels and multiseriate ray cells, usually with some inclusions. Order Malpighiales e.g. Anthostema aubryanum and Mallotus oppositifolus (Euphorbiaceae) and Lophira alata (Ochnaceae) have apo- or paratracheal parenchyma and also possess inclusions in the ray cells and vessels while absence of cell inclusions distinguishes the family Malvaceae (Ceiba petandra and Triplochiton scleroxylon) from Sterculiaceae (Mansonia altissima and Pterygota macrocarpa). Multiseriate and homogenous ray cells characterized the Order Myrtales e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • West African Chimpanzees
    Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan West African Chimpanzees Compiled and edited by Rebecca Kormos, Christophe Boesch, Mohamed I. Bakarr and Thomas M. Butynski IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group IUCN The World Conservation Union Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and West African Chimpanzees Action Plan The IUCN Species Survival Commission is committed to communicating important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC’s Action Plans, Occasional Papers, newsletter Species and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation. To date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to SSC Specialist Groups. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC’s Wildlife Trade Programme and Conser- vation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conser- vation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts, as well as promotion of conservation education, research, and international cooperation. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) provides significant annual operating support to the SSC.
    [Show full text]
  • Cote D'ivoire
    Important Bird Areas in Africa and associated islands – Côte d’Ivoire ■ CÔTE D’IVOIRE LINCOLN FISHPOOL Blue Cuckoo-shrike Coracina azurea. (ILLUSTRATION: MARK ANDREWS) GENERAL INTRODUCTION 27°C all year. In the north there is only a single wet season, from May to October, during which an average of 900–1,500 mm of The Republic of Côte d’Ivoire is approximately rectangular in shape rain falls annually. The dry season extends, therefore, from and has a surface area of 322,460 km2. It is bordered to the east by November to April. Average annual temperatures range between Ghana, to the north by Burkina Faso and Mali, to the west by 21° and 35°C. Thus, broadly, rainfall decreases with increasing Guinea and Liberia while its southern boundary is formed by the latitude. There are, however, some departures from this. Areas Atlantic Ocean. Côte d’Ivoire extends from about 04°20’N to receiving the highest rainfall are the extreme south-west, the extreme 10°50’N and between about 02°30’W and 08°40’W. The country south-east and also, due to orographic influence, the highlands slowly increases in altitude from south to north. The coastal plain around Mount Nimba; the centre of the country is therefore lies below 200 m and rises gently inland to meet the interior somewhat drier. In addition, the north-east receives rather less rain peneplain which, other than for a few granite inselbergs that reach than the north-west. 600–700 m, has an average height of around 300 m. This uniform The distribution of the main vegetation belts largely reflect the topography is, however, relieved in the north-west by an area of rainfall gradient.
    [Show full text]
  • Structure Determination of Betulinic Acid from the Leaves of Lophira
    Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 01 (08); 2011: 244-245 ISSN: 2231-3354 Short Communication Received on: 02-10-2011 Revised on: 15:10:2011 Structure determination of betulinic acid from Accepted on: 24-10-2011 the leaves of Lophira lanceolata Van Tiegh. Ex Keay (Ochnaceae) Sani Audu Ali, Rafat Ojuolape Abdulraheem, Sikirat Sani Abdulkareem, Emmanuel Taiwo Alemika and Mohammed Ilyas Sani Audu Ali Department of Pharmaceutical ABSTRACT Chemistry, University of Maiduguri , Nigeria. Cupressuflavone a biflavone was ealier isolated from the leaves of Lophira lanceolata. From this work Betulinic acid was also isolate from the leaves for the first time. The two compounds were identified on the basis of 1D NMR (1H, 13C and DEPT), 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, Rafat Ojuolape Abdulraheem HMBC and NOESY), IR, MS data and by comparison with reported data. Like that of Ouretia this Department of Food Science and recent isolation suggest that betulinic acid can be used as chemical markers in the Ochnaceae Technology, University of Maiduguri , family. Nigeria. Keywords: betulinic acid, Lophira lanceolata, Ochnaceae, Ex Keay. Sikirat Sani Abdulkareem Department of Chemistry, Federal Polytechnic, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria. INTRODUCTION Emmanuel Taiwo Alemika Department of Pharmaceutical and Lophira lanceolata (Ochnaceae) Van Tiegh. Ex Keay is a tall tree reaching up to 60 feet Medicinal Chemistry, University of high and grows in the woody savannah forests, distributed from Sierra Leone to Uganda and Jos , Jos, Nigeria. Sudan (Pegnyemb et al., 1998; Persinos and Quimby, 1968). Ethnomedicinal uses of the plant include treating: toothache in Cameroon; liver infections in Togo; female sterility, and cough in Mohammed Ilyas Nigeria (Ghogomu et al., 1989a).
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used by the Natives of Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria for the Management of Diabetes
    IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy And Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN:2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676. Volume 14, Issue 5 Ser. I (Sep – Oct 2019), PP 05-37 www.Iosrjournals.Org Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used By the Natives of Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria for the Management of Diabetes Anowi Chinedu Fredrick1 , Uyanwa Ifeanyi Christian1 1 Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. Corresponding Author: Anowi Chinedu Fredrick Abstract: Diabetes has been regarded as one of the major health problems wrecking havoc on the people especially the geriatrics. In Umuahia, diabetes is regarded as a serious health problems with high rate of mortality, morbidity and with serious health consequences. Currently plants are used by the natives to treat this disease. Hence the need for this study to ascertain medicinal plants with high cure rate but little side effects as synthetic antidiabetic drugs have been known to be associated with various serious and deleterious side effects. This is therefore a field trip conducted in Umuahia, Nigeria, to determine the various medicinal plants used by the natives in the management of diabetes. Dialogue in the form of semi-structured interview was conducted with the traditional healers (TH). Some of whom were met many times depending on the amount of information available at any given time and to check the already collected information. Information regarding the plants used in the management /treatment of diabetes were collected, the socio-political data of the THs, formulation of remedies, and the symptoms and other ways the THs use to diagnose diabetes.
    [Show full text]
  • Nupe Plants and Trees Their Names And
    NUPE PLANTS AND TREES THEIR NAMES AND USES [DRAFT -PREPARED FOR COMMENT ONLY] Roger Blench Mallam Dendo 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Fax. 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7967-696804 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm This printout: January 10, 2008 Roger Blench Nupe plant names – Nupe-Latin Circulation version TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................ 1 TABLES........................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 1 2. THE NUPE PEOPLE AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................... 2 2.1 Nupe society ........................................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 The environment of Nupeland ............................................................................................................. 3 3. THE NUPE LANGUAGE .......................................................................................................................... 4 3.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • AZOBE Page 1Of 4
    AZOBE Page 1of 4 Family: OCHNACEAE (angiosperm) Scientific name(s): Lophira alata Lophira procera (synonymous) Commercial restriction: no commercial restriction WOOD DESCRIPTION LOG DESCRIPTION Color: dark red Diameter: from 60 to 100 cm Sapwood: clearly demarcated Thickness of sapwood: from 2 to 4 cm Texture: coarse Floats: no Grain: interlocked Log durability: good Interlocked grain: marked Note: Dark red to purple brown wood. Intermediate zone between sapwood and heartwood. White deposits in the pores. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES MECHANICAL AND ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES Physical and mechanical properties are based on mature heartwood specimens. These properties can vary greatly depending on origin and growth conditions. Mean Std dev. Mean Std dev. Specific gravity *: 1,06 0,04 Crushing strength *: 96 MPa 9 MPa Monnin hardness *: 10,7 2,7 Static bending strength *: 162 MPa 21 MPa Coeff. of volumetric shrinkage: 0,69 % 0,01 % Modulus of elasticity *: 21420 MPa 3539 MPa Total tangential shrinkage (TS): 10,3 % 0,9 % Total radial shrinkage (RS): 7,3 % 1,0 % (*: at 12% moisture content, with 1 MPa = 1 N/mm²) TS/RS ratio: 1,4 Fiber saturation point: 28 % Musical quality factor: 111,2 measured at 2569 Hz Stability: poorly stable NATURAL DURABILITY AND TREATABILITY Fungi and termite resistance refers to end-uses under temperate climate. Except for special comments on sapwood, natural durability is based on mature heartwood. Sapwood must always be considered as non-durable against wood degrading agents. E.N. = Euro Norm Funghi (according to E.N. standards): class 2 - durable Dry wood borers: durable - sapwood demarcated (risk limited to sapwood) Termites (according to E.N.
    [Show full text]