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Fountains & Weepers SHAPING THE BORDER Fountains &Weepers Plants with a cascading element are invaluable in a garden. Careful selection and placement are essential to exploiting this shape. Christopher Lloyd there is an old saying, “Laugh and the world laughs with you; weep and you weep alone,” the sec- ond part of which applies well to weeping trees and until late July or early August, and the delicious scent shrubs. If mixed up with other kinds of plants, their of its blooms spreads far and wide. lowest branches get lost among the herbage. To appre- Many conifers have the characters we are looking ciate a weeper fully, it needs to be seen in its entirety, for. Brewer’s spruce, Picea breweriana (Zone 6), is the standing clear of contestants for our attention. rarest of the spruces in the wild, being confined to a The very distinct shapes of weeping shrubs and few localities in the Siskiyou Mountains of northern trees can be conveniently divided between the foun- California and southern Oregon. Best as a young tree, tains, which have an upright habit but weeping its horizontal side branches are hung with a vertical branches, and the weepers, which want to hang down sheet of branchlets, which may be six to eight feet long. vertically from first to last and often require help to Another western United States species, native to get them off the ground initially. the Cascade Mountains, is the yellow cypress Chamae- Among the most satisfying of the fountains in my cyparis nootkatensis (Zone 4), grown in its ‘Pendula’ form, garden is the weeping silver lime, Tilia ‘Petiolaris’ in which the horizontal side branches make a curtain (USDA Zone 4). It will grow to 100 feet tall (mine, of slender branches several feet long. I am told that in which I planted 50 years ago, is already about half that the wild this is often the most common manifestation height), but its branches weep naturally down to the of the species. ground. The leaves have long petioles, so they hang this I must bring in the Western Himalayan spruce, way and that, often displaying their silver-felted under- Picea smithiana (Zone 7), because it makes such a won- sides. It is one of the last of the limes to flower, waiting derful landscape impression in that area (I admired it Where to Plant Them contribute may be intensified by Most fountains and weepers height, or even Fountain and weeping plants are placing them rather forward in a are susceptible to training, and so to drape fences and fan out, primarily valued for their sculptur- border, or against the contrasting may be used to form arches to espalier-fashion, against walls. al forms—in summer and even upright forms of many conifers soften the corners of high build- —Ed. more in winter. The effect they and fastigiate shrubs or trees. ings and visually reduce their October/November 2002 I L L U S T R A T I O N S BY S I M O N D O R R E L L 9 in Kashmir)—a tall, dark tree, needs to be run up as high as possible before the weep- though with bright green young ing portion is top-grafted. You can train branches shoots and long, weeping side shoots, upwards yourself, when they are young, but it is hard much like Brewer’s spruce. work. Old weeping ashes develop an open frame of The golden weeping willow’s cor- twisted branches and are even more beautiful when rect name and identity have been naked in winter than when in leaf. endlessly argued over by botanists. The weeping blue cedar, Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca The current preferred name is Salix Pendula’ (Zone 6), is deservedly popular and makes a alba ‘Tristis’ (Zone 2). Everyone change from the normal glaucous types. Sequoiadendron knows it, and it is one of the most giganteum ‘Pendulum’ (Zone 6) is a quite extraordinary popular of all our trees, often plant- aberration from the normal Big Tree of California, ed in quite unsuitable positions, hardly a tree at all but a kind of archway, popular close to a house. As a landscape fea- trained as such and forming a canopy and frame for ture, overhanging a lake, it has no wedding couples photographed beneath it. I was match, with its golden color in earli- amazed and amused to see this use in the VanDusen est spring. In Japan, I have seen it Botanical Garden in Vancouver. effectively pollarded on an annual Young’s weeping birch, Betula pendula ‘Youngii’ basis, where it was lining the two (Zone 2), makes no leading shoot. It should either be sides of a city canal. In their hot and grafted high on a common birch seedling or have humid summers, it was able to make some of its own growth trained and tied, as with the enough young growth, with young weeping pear. It can be a beautiful garden feature, The branches of wands sprouting at all levels. improving with age. a number of Turning to the weepers, which need our help, the The weeping cherry, Prunus ×subhirtella ‘Pendula’ conifers such as weeping silver pear, Pyrus salicifolia (Zone 5) seems not (Zone 5), generally grows no higher than it was Brewer’s spruce to have a nonweeping equivalent. It must definitely be grafted in the British climate, and is more of a bush hang in graceful cur- helped aloft, by tying a young growth or two to a long than a tree. It typically has small white flowers, tains. Weepers such pole, centrally placed. With its silver-gray, willowlike although there are a number of richer pink color as the cotoneaster leaves it is endlessly popular. I think it vastly overrat- forms. In its native Japan it builds up into a tree, with must be either ed, but who am I to dissent with the masses? twisted branches, and is much seen in temple grounds trained into a tree- One of my favorite weeping trees, when it is old and in other public places where (in my opinion) the like form or grafted and full of character, is the ash Fraxinus excelsior planting of ornamental cherries close to buildings is to an upright stem. ‘Pendula’ (Zone 5), but if grafted low, it makes no rather overdone, when you consider that their flower- more than a dome, rather like a tea cozy. The stock ing season is short. Training a Weeper to Stand of Rebar—concrete reinforcing place it so the stake will be behind encourage branching. Snip the Left to their own devices, weepers rod—cut to that height plus two the main stem.) Trim off all side resulting branches at roughly six will creep over the ground. But feet extra. Both you and your growths, leaving only a central inches until a full head has built up. their most valuable form usually is plant may have to live with this shoot. Tie this “leader” firmly The result is a “standard weeper,” upright and then down-spilling. To stake for a long time, so, though it upright with organic twine. Check which may then be allowed to cas- assume this perfect form, they will will be attractive when rusted, you the twine periodically to be sure cade gracefully to the ground. need your help. may choose to paint it black. that it is not strangling the young —Ed. First, determine the height the Insert the stake two feet into plant. Trim off any side growths plant should be before it cascades the ground, and establish the plant along the trunk. to the ground. Then go to a build- just at its side. (If the plant will be When the central stem reaches ing supply store and buy a length seen primarily from one side, the top of the pole, snip it to 10 the gardener The normally prostrate cotoneaster, C. ‘Hybridus It makes arching ropes of scented mauve blossoms. Pendulus’ (Zone 6), is popular in small gardens, run- Even a herbaceous perennial like Helianthus salici- ning up to six feet or so and making a cascade of col- folius (Zone 4), which is grown largely for its fresh orful berries down to ground level. To get it up there green foliage, has a weeping element. The six-foot in the first place it is often bud-grafted on top of a C. stems are upright but the leaves weep in graceful frigidus seedling, which forms the stem, or, even more curves. satisfactory in the end, budded at ground level and the All in all, the appearance of a garden is dependent scion itself run up to form the stem. on a weeping element in its plants in many different The Kilmarnock willow (Zone 4), only three feet ways at different levels. e or so tall but with branches hanging vertically, is derived from the goat (or pussy) willow, Salix caprea, OUR FAVORITE WEEPERS and is popularly featured in spring flower shows, cov- ered with pussy-tail catkins. Puzzlingly, it can be either it sometimes seems that almost accent in small, dark city gardens. male (whose pussies are yellow with pollen) or female, every deciduous and evergreen tree Zone 4. the latter now officially named ‘Weeping Sally’ by has a weeping form. Canny nurs- British plantsman Roy Lancaster. erymen and devoted plantsmen Deciduous Trees Standard fuchsias are made by training a normal have propagated many of these Weeping Japanese Katsura (Cercidi- fuchsia stem so that it makes a trunk, then sprays out- forms and made them readily avail- phyllum japonicum ‘Pendulum’): A wards into a head at the top.
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