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Crab Spiders, Tree Canopy, and Biodiversity in Tropical East Asia (Araneae: Thomisidae)

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Crab Spiders, Tree Canopy, and Biodiversity in Tropical East Asia (Araneae: Thomisidae) Crab spiders, tree canopy, and biodiversity in tropical East Asia (Araneae: Thomisidae) Autor(en): Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa / Floren, Andreas Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Contributions to Natural History : Scientific Papers from the Natural History Museum Bern Band (Jahr): - (2008) PDF erstellt am: 24.09.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-787058 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. 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Crab spiders, tree canopy, and biodiversity in tropical East Asia (Araneae: Thomisidae) CHRISTA DEELEMAN-REINHOLD1 & ANDREAS FLOREN2 1 Naturalis, Darwinweg 2, Leiden NL-2300 RA, The Netherlands 2 Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany Abstract In an extended tree canopy fogging project in northern Borneo, East Malaysia, 160 trees were fogged. 86 species of Thomisidae were identified to described species or to morpho- species and compared with the unidentified material (appr. 150 species) of the Deeleman General SE Asian Spider Collection (Naturalis Museum Leiden). The compiled data give a first glimpse of insight into the approximate species number and the overlaps between forest types, the percentage of new species and their distribution ranges. The fauna of the ground and understorey probably shelters a larger amount of species than the canopy because the former includes more poor dispersers with smaller ranges. Key words: crab spiders, South East Asia, Borneo, canopy fauna, biodiversity. INTRODUCTION all, around 11 known, widespread species Through 1992-2001 a canopy fogging project are known to occur with high probability on was carried out by AF, fogging 160 tree Borneo. Approximately 185 species of crab crowns in 12 different types of primary and spiders have been recorded from SE Asia secondary forest in northern Borneo, East including tropical China and Japan till the Malaysia (Floren & Deeleman-Reinhold year 2003, excluding New Guinea (Platnick, 2005). Among other things, differences in 2008). composition of arthropod species between forest types were studied and impact of METHODS human activities on species diversity was We sorted the spiders to morphospecies assessed. and compared species composition between Where do canopy species come from, primary and several adjacent and isolated what proportion of the species is new and secondary forest types. The thomisid species how many species are found in the canopy were identified by CD-R. More than only? We selected the thomisids for this half of the described species belong to "old study: they rank fourth family regarding cryptic" species: described before 1900 from species richness, their number is manageable, the Malay region, in Latin and most often and they are widely diversified. Also not or inadequately illustrated. Identification they are known to be good dispersers. of these species was as much as Only one crab spider species (Thomisus possible done by comparing types of Simon persipicillatus Thorell, 1890) has hitherto been (Paris) and Thorell (Genova, Stockholm and described from a type locality in Borneo, in London). We used recent publications a.o. 52 European Arachnology 2008 from China, Japan and the Philippines and related to the litter-dwelling genus Cebrenni- that of Lehtinen (2005). We compared each nus but not congeneric. Typically, Cebrenninus of the canopy species with the ground level species are ground-living; five species have species ("understorey") from primary and been described from leaf litter in the forests evergreen secondary forests in the southeast of Java, Sumatra and Borneo at the end of the Asian collection of CD-R., now in Naturalis, nineteenth century, several of which indeed Leiden, encompassing all large Indonesian we recognized in our understorey collection. islands, the Moluccans and the Lesser Sunda All eight specimens of the canopy-dwelling islands as well as a.o. southern Thailand and species were fogged from the oldest secondary Malay Peninsula. This collection contains forest merging into the primary forest in currently around 500 adult individuals in Sorinsim, lowland Kinabalu. That forest type 150 thomisid species, 28 (19%) of which were proved to be the richest in species of all studied identified as named species.. habitats, for most spider families. The canopy material stems from three Most thomisid genera were represented areas: both in the ground layer and in the canopy (1) Poring, part of the Mt. Kinabalu National (see table 2). The most common genus we Park, West Sabah, Borneo. found in the canopy was Cerinius Thorell (2) Sorinsim, Kinabalu area, West Sabah, (synonymy with the Australian genera Borneo. Tharrhalea and Hedana is unjustified) with 9 (3) Crocker Range, several hundred kilometres species (Fig. 1), mostly in the younger west of Kinabalu, West Sabah, Borneo. secondary forests. Three named species which were described from localities outside Borneo Abbreviations of finding localities: are widespead so presumably occur also PHS: Poring, Kinabalu Hot Springs, approximately in Borneo, all other Cerinius species were 700 m, primary rainforest, canopy either found only in the canopy or in one of three different tree species, 1992-1998, locality in the general collection. (The species leg. A. Floren. illustrated in Murphy & Murphy (2000) S: Sorinsim, 5-40 years old secondary forest on p. 434 looks like Cerinius). An important adjacent to primary forest, 1997, canopy element in the canopy were the Dietinae, fogging, leg. A. Floren. with seven genera including Alcimochthes CR: Outskirts of Crocker Range, small iso¬ and Scopticus. Oxytate, with 5 species in the lated patches of 10, 25 and 50 years old canopy and 10 in the general collection, with forest, separated by lowland, mainly an overlap of 2 species was the most agricultural land, much degraded; canopy species-rich genus (Figs. 3, 4). Many species are fogging, leg. A. Floren. listed under Tmarus; the genus is not mono- phyletic and several species should be split off, such as Tmarus loriae and related unde- RESULTS scribed species. The genus Domatha is represented Counting genera and species; overlaps of in the canopy with the single species canopy with understorey fauna known in the area Domatha vivida, and 1615 Our canopy project yielded individual additionally with 3 other undescribed species crab spiders in 86 species; 23 (27%) species in the canopy and three other, also could be identified to named species (table 1). undescribed species in the general collection. Several old, "cryptic" genera were encountered, Another poorly known genus, Demogenes such as Cerinius Thorell, Demogenes proved to be represented both in the canopy Simon, Domatha Simon, Nyctimus Thorell, and the ground and understorey collection Pycnaxis Simon, Pothaeus Thorell and Zame- in a variety of species. The genus Zametopina topina Simon. One canopy species was clearly was hitherto known from the type species Deeleman-Reinhold & Floren: Crab spiders in tropical East Asia 5 3 region: Poring Sorinsim Crocker Known Deeleman General PHS S Range distribution SE Asian Spider CR Collection forest type: Primary Secondary Secondary adjacent isolated samples: 32 48 24 Amyciaeaforticeps (O.P.-C.) 1 0 0 Widespread * Cerinius mariae (B. & L.) 5 23 0 Luzon W. Sarawak * Cerinius ocellatus (Thor.) 1 7 2 Myanmar, Java Su¬ Malaysia, Thailand matra Sumbawa Cerinius magkalapitus 0 16 0 Mindanao (B. & L.) * Pycnaxis guttata Simon 0 6 8 Luzon Sarawak * Boliscus tuberculatus (Simon) 1 9 0 Myanmar-Japan Malaysia * Domatha vivida Simon 20 3 0 Luzon Brunei (canopy), Sumatra * hoxobates daitoniensis Ono 1 6 1 Japan * "hoxobates" masapangensis 11 31 26 Luzon Sumatra b.&l. Lycopus edax Thor. 2 0 0 Myanmar Oxytate striatipes L. Koch 0 0 29 Widespread is SE Asia * Pasias luzonus Simon 1 14 0 Luzon Sumatra, Sulawesi Talaus nanus Thor. 0 297 0 Myanmar-Java W. Sabah, Malaysia * Talaus triangulifer Simon 0 1 1 Sumatra Kalimantan, Sarawak * Philodamia variata Thor. 0 8 1 Singapore Thomisops sanmen Song, 28 0 0 China Zhang & Zheng Nyctimus bistriatus Thor. 4 0 0 Sulawesi Sumatra, Borneo Sumbawa Tmarus loriae Thor. 0 0 1 Pineng Malaysia * Zametopina
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