DOCSLIB.ORG

(Pdf) Download

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Pdf) Download DECODING THE DELUGE AND FINDING THE PATH FOR CIVILIZATION Volume II Of Three Volumes by David Huttner Version 25.4; Release date: March 7, 2020 Cover by A. Watson, Chen W. and D. Huttner Copyright 2020, By David Robert Huttner I hereby donate this digital version of this book to the public domain. You may copy and distribute it, provided you don’t do so for profit or make a version using other media (e.g. a printed or cinematic version). For anyone other than me to sell this book at a profit is to commit the tort of wrongful enrichment, to violate my rights and the rights of whomever it is sold to. I also welcome translations of the work into other languages and will authorize the translations of translators who are competent and willing to donate digital versions. Please email your feedback to me, David Huttner, at [email protected]. Other Works of David Huttner, soon to be Available Autographed and in Hardcopy at http://www,DavidHuttnerBooks.com , Include: Decoding the Deluge and finding the path for civilization, vols 1&3 Irish Mythology passageway to prehistory Stage II of the Nonviolent Rainbow Revolution Making the Subjective and Objective Worlds One Just Say No to Latent Homosexual Crusades Social Harmony as Measured by Music (a lecture) The First Christmas (a short play) The Spy I Loved secrets to the rise of the Peoples Republic of China Selected Works of David Huttner Volumes 1 and 2 Heaven Sent Converting the World to English TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR THIS VOLUME 2 21. SCANDINAVIAN (GERMANIC) MYTHOLOGY 3 22. NEW GUINEA TEES 29 23. POTLATCHES OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND OTHER NORTH AMERICANNOTES 38 24. DONNELLY TO THE RESCUE 76 25. WITHIN THE BROAD OUTLINE OF GREEK MYTHOLOGY 88 26. LULLABY OF LLAMALAND 122 27. PAGAN EUROPE GOES CHRISTIAN 156 28. THE CORN SPIRITS 173 29. THE FIRE FESTIVALS 187 30. THE BIG PICTURE 211 31. CELTIC MYTHOLOGY: EVERYTHING YOU EVER WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT THE DELUGE 225 32. AN IRISH MYTH-TALE 261 33. HALLELUIAH FOR THE HINDUS 280 34. OAK TREES, SNAKES, SUN GODS AND OTHER SACRED SYMBOLS 303 35. MÉXICO SANGRIENTO 313 2 CHAPTER 21: SCANDINAVIAN (GERMANIC) MYTHOLOGY I once heard a lady describe the pleasure it gave her to think that she “could always cuddle up to God.” --William James. Detecting Homo erectus and the veterans of the Species War within Scandinavia mythology is not even a challenge. They’re all one finds! Scandinavian mythology is so open and transparent that, frankly, I am astonished that no one cracked it before I did. Apparently, human psychological resistance knows no bounds. For able specialists to introduce us to this literature I have Mrs. H.R. Ellis Davidson and Mr. Kevin Crossley-Holland. They are two of the scholars who have done the very difficult work of synthesizing Germanic mythology. They and countless others (especially translators and archaeologists) have made what I am doing possible and easy. In this chapter, we shall base our interpretations chiefly on Davidson’s Scandinavian Mythology and Crossley-Holland’s The Norse Myths . For Germanic mythology from A to Z, to read all of it, you can browse to http://www.germanicmythology.com/index.html. Before digging into it and to get a better understanding of Scandinavian mythology, let’s obtain a basic understanding of the Norwegians, Danes and Swedes who last lived and breathed it. The majority consisted of small free-holders who lived by the sweat of their own brows, farming as need be, hunting and fishing when possible. The god the freemen propitiated and identified with was Thor. Thor was the god of thunder and lightning, the equivalent of Donar, Thunar and Thunor among other Germanic peoples, the Hindu Indra, the Greek Zeus and the Roman Jupiter. Thor controlled the rain and made his presence known in the roll of thunder and the flash of lightning. He was a red-bearded giant whose minni (toast) was drunk to the prosperity of the cornfields. (Grimm: 177) He was immensely strong, had an enormous appetite and increased his strength by wearing a special belt of might. ( Cf. Davidson: 57.) He wore great gloves for grasping and shattering rocks. He rode across the sky in a wagon pulled by he-goats. Scandinavia still has mountains and rocks bearing his name. Mr. Jacob Grimm made an important observation about Thor. Grim devoted his life to the collection and study of myths and folklore. A consummate linguist, he tried to do what we’re doing now, to reconstruct the pagan religion of our Indo-European ancestors. Christians of the fifth 3 through the eighth centuries made his task very difficult. Inspired by their first two commandments, they did to Europe what Muslims and Jews did to the Mid-East.1 With fire and sword, they violated every manner of free expression to totally extinguish every manifestation of our earlier religious heritage. By the eighth century, every physical trace of paganism had disappeared from Central Europe. If any German tried to record the ancient creed for posterity, his efforts were in vain. The only surviving knowledgeable and contemporary accounts of Central European, Teutonic religion are those of Tactitus Germanicus (first century A.D.). In an effort to reconstruct the primitive creed of his ancestors, Grimm became fluent in most of the Indo-European languages. His discoveries of European language, folklore and folk custom and their implications convinced him that the religion of all the Germanic (Teutonic) peoples was virtually identical. Fortunately, one of the branches of that religion survived long enough to be recorded in Iceland in the tenth through the thirteenth centuries. 2 Iceland's remoteness and the ferocity and tenacity of the Norse ruling class and their vassals (the Vikings) saved Scandinavian mythology -- and Teutonic mythology per se -- from extinction at the hands of Christian proselytes. Using the various explicit and implicit sources of information, Grimm, a good detective, inferred something about Thor’s relationship with the elves (dwarfs , albe , alpen or alps ). (This is an important detail for which you would otherwise have had to accept the opinion of an obscure New York City taxi-driver.) From a Latin text, Grimm inferred that the elf-spirits were in Thor's employ or under his command (Grimm: 180). This conclusion is consistent with everything else that we know about the elves. The elves were famous for making tools. They made for Thor his famous hammer, Mjollnir , which kills giants and returns to Thor's hand after being 1 The first three Judeo-Christian-Muslim commandments are: “Thou shalt have no other gods before me”; “Thou shalt not make any graven image” and “Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain.” 2 The six principal sources of Scandinavian mythology that Mr. Crossley-Holland synthesized are: 1) the Elder Eddas (poems); an anthology of different poets of different times and places; 2) the Scaldic Poems; 3) the Prose Edda of Snorri Sturluson, an outstanding historian, statesman and man of letters; 4) the first nine books of the Gesta Danorum by the 13th century Dane Saxo or Grammaticus; 5) over 700 Icelandic sagas written by known and unknown, 13th century Icelanders and 6) the accounts of a few historical observers, especially Tactitus. 4 thrown. We shall confirm below what the alert reader should already anticipate about this hammer. For now, suffice it to say that Thor (Thunor, Thunar or Donar and like Indra, Zeus or Jupiter, etc. ) was a symbol for or mythological commander of the Homo sapien army of the Species War. The downtrodden of Scandinavia (and Europe) were the serfs. Theirs was a life of squalor and misery. In the “Song of Rig,” Heimdall , the god who guards the entrance to Asgard , the kingdom of the gods, mythically creates Norse society. Heimdall accomplishes this, begets the progeny that form the principal three social classes, by playing the cuckold to three couples that exemplify these classes. The enserfed couple lived in a “turfed hut… [T]he shack was so rickety that it looked as if it might collapse if the eagle-giant Hraesvelg gave one flap of his wings.” Stooping to get under the lintel, “It took Heimdall a moment to adjust to the rank, smoky gloom; his eyes smarted and he retched” from the effects of the usual array of barnyard animals found within the hut. (See Crossley-Holland: 18.) Children of the serfs ( thralls ) who did not succumb to the squalor at an early age were, for the most part, doomed to continue in it. Though it’s doubtful that many Norsemen were conscious of it, the heavenly reflection of the serf, the god with whom they identified and with whom they were encouraged to identify was Loki . Loki was not a fighter. His weapon was guile. He was the trickster and the author of most of the mischief among the gods. In tale after tale he gets gods into trouble with giants and then resorts to some ignoble trick that helps to kill the giant and extricate himself and his divine colleagues. Like the Near Eastern Jinn, whom we’ll meet later, Loki had the ability to change himself into other animals. He often changed himself into a fly to pass through keyholes and make himself effectively invisible. Like the trickster in every mythology, he symbolized all that is ignoble and deceitful in man. He represented the fleet-footed archer of the Species War who could strike Homo erectus without being seen and disappear without being caught. Like the serf's ox, Loki bore a terrible burden, Species War guilt.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Heritage Studies 6, 3Rd Ed. Lesson Plan Overview
    Heritage Studies 6, 3rd edition ©2012 BJU Press Lesson Plan Overview TE ST AM Lesson Content and skill objectives Bible Connections pages pages pages Chapter 1: In the Beginning • Identify ways historians learn about ancient people • History’s beginning in the • Analyze reasons that many historians find it impossible to prove when man Bible began life on earth • God’s inspiration of the Bible • Defend the Bible as a reliable source that records the true origin of man • Faith in the power of God’s 1 1–4 1–4 1 • Trace the evolutionist’s thinking process for the development of humans Word • Describe the abilities man had from the beginning according to the Bible • God’s creation of man • Use an outline organizer • Man’s struggle against God throughout history • Identify reasons that it is important to study ancient history • God’s plan through history 2 5–7 5–7 1, 3 • Describe methods used by historians to gather and evaluate information • A Christian worldview • God in control of all things • Apply an understanding of essay vocabulary: analyze, classify, compare and contrast, evaluate, interpret, justify, predict, and trace 3 8–10 4–6 • Write an effective answer to an essay question • Practice interview skills 4–5 11 8 • Record the history of a person • Participate in creating a class history • Differentiate between primary and secondary historical resources • Man, the climax of God’s • Evaluate the author’s viewpoint creation 6 12 9 7 • God’s creation of man in His image • Man’s job given at Creation • Explain the importance of Creation, the Fall, and redemption in God’s plan for • Disobedience and sin the world and man • Each civilization’s failure and • Describe the characteristics of a civilization its rebellion against God • Explain why religions exist worldwide • Rebellion of the earth 7 13–16 10–13 2, 8–9 • Use a web organizer against man’s efforts • Man’s sense that God exists • False religions and the rejection of God • Demonstrate the process used by archaeologists to draw conclusions about 8 17 14 10 ancient civilizations • Practice the E.A.R.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Disfigured History: How the College Board Demolishes the Past
    Disfigured History How the College Board Demolishes the Past A report by the Cover design by Beck & Stone; Interior design by Chance Layton 420 Madison Avenue, 7th Floor Published November, 2020. New York, NY 10017 © 2020 National Association of Scholars Disfigured History How the College Board Demolishes the Past Report by David Randall Director of Research, National Assocation of Scholars Introduction by Peter W. Wood President, National Association of Scholars Cover design by Beck & Stone; Interior design by Chance Layton Published November, 2020. © 2020 National Association of Scholars About the National Association of Scholars Mission The National Association of Scholars is an independent membership association of academics and others working to sustain the tradition of reasoned scholarship and civil debate in America’s colleges and universities. We uphold the standards of a liberal arts education that fosters intellectual freedom, searches for the truth, and promotes virtuous citizenship. What We Do We publish a quarterly journal, Academic Questions, which examines the intellectual controversies and the institutional challenges of contemporary higher education. We publish studies of current higher education policy and practice with the aim of drawing attention to weaknesses and stimulating improvements. Our website presents educated opinion and commentary on higher education, and archives our research reports for public access. NAS engages in public advocacy to pass legislation to advance the cause of higher education reform. We file friend-of-the-court briefs in legal cases defending freedom of speech and conscience and the civil rights of educators and students. We give testimony before congressional and legislative committees and engage public support for worthy reforms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cosmic Myths of Homer and Hesiod
    Oral Tradition, 2/1 (1987): 31-53 The Cosmic Myths of Homer and Hesiod Eric A. Havelock I HOMER’S COSMIC IMAGERY Embedded in the narratives of the Homeric poems are a few passages which open windows on the ways in which the Homeric poet envisioned the cosmos around him. They occur as brief digressions, offering powerful but by no means consistent images, intruding into the narrative and then vanishing from it, but always prompted by some suitable context. A. Iliad 5.748-52 and 768-69 The Greeks in battle being pressed hard by the Trojans, assisted by the god Ares; the goddesses Hera and Athene decide to equalize the encounter by descending from Olympus to help the Greeks. A servant assembles the components of Hera’s chariot: body, wheels, spokes, axle, felloe, tires, naves, platform, rails, pole, yoke are all itemized in sequence, comprising a formulaic account of a mechanical operation: Hera herself attaches the horses to the car. Athene on her side is provided by the poet with a corresponding “arming scene”; she fi nally mounts the chariot and the two of them proceed: 748 Hera swiftly with whip set upon the horses 749 and self-moving the gates of heaven creaked, which the seasons kept 750 to whom is committed great heaven and Olympus 751 either to swing open the thick cloud or to shut it back. 752 Straight through between them they kept the horses goaded-and-driven. 32 ERIC A. HAVELOCK 768 Hera whipped up the horses, and the pair unhesitant fl ew on 769 in midspace between earth and heaven star-studded.
    [Show full text]
  • Los Muiscas En Los Textos Escolares. Su Enseñanza En El Grado Sexto
    LOS MUISCAS EN LOS TEXTOS ESCOLARES. SU ENSEÑANZA EN EL GRADO SEXTO LUZ ÁNGELA ALONSO MALAVER UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE CALDAS MAESTRÍA EN EDUCACIÓN FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y EDUCACIÓN BOGOTÁ - OCTUBRE DE 2018 LOS MUISCAS EN LOS TEXTOS ESCOLARES. SU ENSEÑANZA EN EL GRADO SEXTO LUZ ÁNGELA ALONSO MALAVER Trabajo de grado para obtener el título de magíster en Educación Asesor: CARLOS JILMAR DÍAZ SOLER UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE CALDAS MAESTRÍA EN EDUCACIÓN FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y EDUCACIÓN BOGOTÁ - OCTUBRE DE 2018 AGRADECIMIENTOS Mis más sinceros agradecimientos a los maestros de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, quienes desde su labor me aportaron herramientas valiosas en mi crecimiento personal e intelectual durante el desarrollo de la maestría de Educación. En especial a mi asesor, el doctor Carlos Jilmar Díaz Soler, por su paciencia, dedicación y colaboración en la realización del presente trabajo de grado. A mi familia, por su apoyo y comprensión, pero principalmente a mi madre, doña María Delfina y a mi esposo Luis Ángel, que con su amor me han dado la fuerza necesaria para crecer en mi carrera. A Dios por ser un padre amoroso, un compañero fiel y un amigo incondicional. CONTENIDO Pág. INTRODUCCIÓN 1 JUSTIFICACIÓN 5 OBJETIVOS 8 OBJETIVO GENERAL 8 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS 8 METODOLOGÍA 9 ANTECEDENTES 12 Sobre los Muiscas, sobre los manuales y sobre la enseñanza de los Muiscas en el currículo colombiano Capítulo 1. LOS PUEBLOS ORIGINARIOS. EL CASO DE LOS MUISCAS 18 1.1. Los pueblos originarios a la llegada de los europeos. Su situación 18 1.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Poetic Authority and Oral Tradition in Hesiod and Pindar
    CHAPTER SIX POETIC AUTHORITY AND ORAL TRADITION IN HESIOD AND PINDAR Ruth Scodel Elsewhere, I have discussed the distinction Homer makes, especially in the Odyssey, between the songs of bards and other storytelling.1 This argument rests especially on three recent insights that appear to point in quite opposite directions. First, Andrew Ford shows in Homer: the Poetry of the Past how the Odyssey evades the reality of the transmission of poetic tradition as well as that of bardic contests. The Muses simply replace poets’ teachers; the narrative content of per- formance has no naturalistic source.2 S. Douglas Olson has shown in Blood and Iron how richly the same epic depicts the workings of everyday oral tradition, its considerable interest in how news gets around.3 Third, Louise Pratt argues convincingly that the truth-claims of early Greek poetry need to be interpreted relative to their rhetor- ical functions in context. While only fables are truly fiction, for most poetic narrative historical accuracy is not the primary concern.4 Homer, then, shows how people in reality create and spread kleos, but he seems to want to avoid facing the obvious implication that poetic performances depend on what earlier storytellers have trans- mitted. The proem to the Catalogue of Ships perfectly demonstrates this peculiarity in its distinction between the Muses, who see and hear everything, and poet and audience, who only hear the kleos and know nothing (Il. 2.484–93). So in asking why Homer does not acknowledge openly that his stories depend on tradition, I looked at what distinguishes bardic performances from other storytelling prac- tices in Homer, and concluded that the most important distinctions 1 R.
    [Show full text]
  • P'sfi. DEJITJ1
    \ She Visits the P'S fi. DEJITJ1 Cuhaq Patriots MESSENGER, J. Li .iii at the Risk Mr. Maloney's of Jler Life. Lugubrious Jiorrors of the Occupation. Cabanos Prisoq ANNOUNCED TWENTY Where Hebel DEATPS IN A DAY. Leaders /Ire Shot. The City's Dismissed Death Havana, March 18..I looked from my Jierald Explains JIoW window this morning before the sun had risen. Pb Performed Jiis Across the bay the grimly beautiful Duties. towers of Castle Morro were outlined against the sky, a mass of exquisite color, The city has until recently employed a gray, white and yellow, the crimson and man known as the death messenger. The of from the high¬ office Is vacant just now for reasons which gold flag Spain floating have been made widely public, but it will est turret. Almost beneath my window a have to be filled again. sentry slouched along, his rifle across his But for the Investigation into the affairs arm. i of Bellevue Hospital few people would ^' have known that there existed so Suddenly, with a splendor which dazzled pic¬ turesquely named an official in this prosaic my eyes, the sun burst into view, turning city. The lord keeper of the great seal has the water to gold and touching the castle not a more dignified title than the death walls with the glory of flame. messenger, and certainly he has a much less one. If will consider the Just across the water, came the terrifying you then, matter you will perceive that there could sound of six rifle shots. The sounds were not be a more awful occupation than that slightly muffled, as though coming through of death messenger.
    [Show full text]
  • Human-Touch-2015.Pdf
    The Human Touch Volume 8 u 2015 THE JOURNAL OF POETRY, PROSE, AND VISUAL ART University of Colorado u Anschutz Medical Campus FRONT COVER artwork April 2010 #5, March 2013 #1, October 2011 #4, from the series Deterioration | DAISY PATTON Digital media BACK COVER artwork Act of Peace | JAMES ENGELN Color digital photograph University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus The Human Touch Volume 8 u 2015 Layout & Printing The Human Touch Volume 8 u 2015 Volume 8 u 2015 BOOK LAYOUT / DESIGN EDITORS IN CHIEF: db2 Design Deborah Beebe (art director/principal) Romany Redman 303.898.0345 :: [email protected] Rachel Foster Rivard www.db2design.com Helena Winston PRINTING Light-Speed Color EDITORIAL BOARD: Bill Daley :: 970.622.9600 [email protected] Amanda Brooke Ryan D’Souza This journal and all of its contents with no exceptions are covered under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Anjali Dhurandhar License. To view a summary of this license, please see Lynne Fox http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/. To review the license in Leslie Palacios-Helgeson full, please see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/legalcode. Fair use and other rights are not affected by this license. Amisha Singh To learn more about this and other Creative Commons licenses, please see http://creativecommons.org/about/licenses/meet-the-licenses. SUPERVISING EDITORS: * To honor the creative expression of the journal’s contributors, the unique and deliberate formats of their work have been preserved. Henry N. Claman Therese Jones © All Authors/Artists Hold Their Own Copyright 2 3 University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus The Human Touch Volume 8 u 2015 Contents VOUME 8 u 2015 Preface ............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • La Universidad
    Bioética en la Universidad Página inicial: 473 - Página final: 495 TIPO DE ARTÍCULO: de investigación COLONIZACIÓN DE LA NATURALEZA: UNA APROXIMACIÓN DESDE EL EXTRACTIVISMO EN COLOMBIA. COLONIZATION OF NATURE: AN APPROACH FROM EXTRACTIVISM IN COLOMBIA. Recibido: enero de 2012 – Revisado: junio de 2012 – Aceptado: 30 de noviembre de 2012 Por: Luis Alfredo Bohórquez Caldera.1 RESUMEN: Este artículo de investigación pretende brindar elementos de análisis sobre el complejo tema de la colonización de la naturaleza. En él se hace una argumentación descriptiva basada hallazgos teóricos sobre las relaciones entre el extractivismo, una práctica propia del dispositivo colonial, y lo que aquí denominamos colonización de la naturaleza. El artículo presenta inicialmente un balance del impacto en la configuración de la visión-apropiación ancestral del territorio y su contenido cultural, a raíz de la imposición de una nueva semántica, en referencia al dispositivo de poder colonial. Luego, se analiza la relación del extractivismo con el proceso de colonización de la naturaleza, para finalmente esbozar una reflexión breve vinculando contextos y problemas contemporáneos. PALABRAS CLAVES: Naturaleza, Mítica, Pensamiento ancestral, Extractivismo, Colonialidad. ABSTRACT: This research paper aims at providing some elements of analysis on the complex issue of the colonization of nature. In it a descriptive argument is carried out based on theoretical findings on the relationships between extractivism, which is a proper practice of the colonial device, and what is here called colonization of nature. The article initially presents an assessment of the impact on the configuration of the ancestral vision and appropriation of the territory and its cultural contents, as a result of the imposition of a new semantics, in reference to the device of the colonial powers.
    [Show full text]
  • Download (18.0 MB PDF)
    BULLETIN OF THE ALLYN MUSEUM 3701 Bayshore Rd. Sarasota, Florida 33580 Published By The Florida State Museum University of Florida Gainesville. Florida 32611 Number 92 18 January 1985 NEOTROPICAL NYMPHALIDAE. III. REVISION OF CATONEPHELE Dale W. Jenkins 3028 Tanglewood Drive, Sarasota. FL 33579, and Research Associate, Allyn Museum of Entomology A. INTRODUCTION Revision of a series of genera of neotropical nymphalid butterflies is providing the basis for phylogenetic, biological and distributional studies, as well as allowing accurate identification of species and subspecies. Revisions published are Hamadryas Jenkins (1983) and Myscelia Jenkins (1984). Nine additional genera are under study. The genus Catonephele contains eighteen taxa including eleven species and seven subspecies of medium-sized neotropical butterflies. The wings of the males all have a velvety black background with bright orange, broad bold markings. The females are very different with a blackish background with most species having narrow yellow stripes and many small yellow maculae. Female C. sabrina have a large diffuse rusty brown area on the forewings and C. numilia have black forewings with a yellow diagonal median cross band, and the hind wing black, or with a rust-orange or rust-mahogany discus. The 9 wing pattern of C. nyctimus is almost identical with primitive 9 Mys­ celia and some 9 Catonephele were formerly included in Myscelia. The marked sexual dimorphism has resulted in several of the females being described with different names from the males with resulting synonyms. This was discovered by Bates (1864) who first correlated some males and females. An error by ROber, in Seitz (1914) showing a male specimen of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea
    Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e8013 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e8013 Taxonomic Paper Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea Natalie Dale-Skey‡, Richard R. Askew§‡, John S. Noyes , Laurence Livermore‡, Gavin R. Broad | ‡ The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom § private address, France, France | The Natural History Museum, London, London, United Kingdom Corresponding author: Gavin R. Broad ([email protected]) Academic editor: Pavel Stoev Received: 02 Feb 2016 | Accepted: 05 May 2016 | Published: 06 Jun 2016 Citation: Dale-Skey N, Askew R, Noyes J, Livermore L, Broad G (2016) Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e8013. doi: 10.3897/ BDJ.4.e8013 Abstract Background A revised checklist of the British and Irish Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea substantially updates the previous comprehensive checklist, dating from 1978. Country level data (i.e. occurrence in England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland and the Isle of Man) is reported where known. New information A total of 1754 British and Irish Chalcidoidea species represents a 22% increase on the number of British species known in 1978. Keywords Chalcidoidea, Mymarommatoidea, fauna. © Dale-Skey N et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Dale-Skey N et al. Introduction This paper continues the series of checklists of the Hymenoptera of Britain and Ireland, starting with Broad and Livermore (2014a), Broad and Livermore (2014b) and Liston et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Gonzo 385-6.Pub
    Subscribe to Gonzo Weekly http://eepurl.com/r-VTD Subscribe to Gonzo Daily http://eepurl.com/OvPez Gonzo Facebook Group https://www.facebook.com/groups/287744711294595/ Gonzo Weekly on Twitter https://twitter.com/gonzoweekly Gonzo Multimedia (UK) http://www.gonzomultimedia.co.uk/ Gonzo Multimedia (USA) http://www.gonzomultimedia.com/ Gonzo Daily Blog https://gonzo-multimedia.blogspot.com/ LEST WE FORGET John Brodie Good Dave McMann Mick Farren 3 only do we not know how long it’s going to last, but we have no real idea of how the world is going to look when we all eventually come out of isolation. A lot of the people that I ‘know’ on Twitter are still in a state of of utopian idealism, claiming that this is the final death knell for World Capitalism. Others are depicting the advent of a nasty Orwellian police state in which all of our civil liberties will go out the window, and the United Kingdom becomes something akin to Belarus. Me? I’m not going to make any predictions at all. We still have months of this lockdown to Dear friends, go, and – no doubt – the situation will change many times before we are finally allowed out Welcome to another issue of this ever to associate freely. peculiar magazine. I don’t need to tell you that everybody on this planet is currently However, I will just say that it is quite affected by the biggest crisis for at least a gratifying that the idea of anti-Capitalism, generation. For those of us in the UK, it is the which I have been espousing all my adult life, biggest crisis since the end of the Second has finally become part of a mainstream World War and quite possibly longer, and not agenda.
    [Show full text]
  • Encyclopedia of CELTIC MYTHOLOGY and FOLKLORE
    the encyclopedia of CELTIC MYTHOLOGY AND FOLKLORE Patricia Monaghan The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore Copyright © 2004 by Patricia Monaghan All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Monaghan, Patricia. The encyclopedia of Celtic mythology and folklore / Patricia Monaghan. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-4524-0 (alk. paper) 1. Mythology, Celtic—Encyclopedias. 2. Celts—Folklore—Encyclopedias. 3. Legends—Europe—Encyclopedias. I. Title. BL900.M66 2003 299'.16—dc21 2003044944 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Erika K. Arroyo Cover design by Cathy Rincon Printed in the United States of America VB Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS 6 INTRODUCTION iv A TO Z ENTRIES 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY 479 INDEX 486 INTRODUCTION 6 Who Were the Celts? tribal names, used by other Europeans as a The terms Celt and Celtic seem familiar today— generic term for the whole people.
    [Show full text]