125 WARTA ARDHIA Jurnal Perhubungan Udara Pengkajian

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125 WARTA ARDHIA Jurnal Perhubungan Udara Pengkajian WARTA ARDHIA Jurnal Perhubungan Udara Pengkajian Angkutan Udara Perbatasan di Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu Kalimantan Barat Border Air Transport Assessment in Kapuas Hulu District West Kalimantan Lita Yarlina1) dan Evy Lindasari2) Puslitbang Perhubungan Udara, Jl. Merdeka Timur No. 5 Jakarta Pusat 10110 Email: [email protected] INFO ARTIKEL ABSTRACT / ABSTRAK Kapuas Hulu district located in the West Kalimantan province. It takes Histori Artikel: about forty five minutes flight to capitalcity Pontianak using ATR 42 series Diterima: 8 Juli 2015 300 and F27 or approximately 16 hours by land transportation. This district Direvisi: 16 September 2015 is one of the border area with Malaysia region. This study aim to evaluate the Disetujui: 29 September 2015 air transport infrastructure in the Kapuas Hulu District West Kalimantan. The goal is to provide recommendations for the development of air transport Keywords: services in the border area of Kapuas Hulu District West Kalimantan. This Air transport, border area, research used SWOT analysis in order to determine the strengths, weaknesses, Kapuas Hulu opportunities and threats in the border area Kapuas Hulu West Kalimantan. From the calculation of the weighting and the rating, the Kapuas Hulu has more strength than weakness, as well as a greater opportunity than a threat, Kata kunci: the right strategy is SO strategy (aggressive) is located in quadrant (2.48: angkutan udara, daerah 3.02). There are many opportunities in this district. Furthermore it also has perbatasan, Kapuas Hulu strength in natural resources and tourism. Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu terletak di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat, Waktu tempuh ke Pontianak kurang lebih empat puluh lima menit penerbangan menggunakan Pesawat Udara jenis ATR 42 Seri 300/F27 atau kurang lebih 16 jam dengan kendaraan darat. Kabupaten ini merupakan salah satu daerah perbatasan dengan wilayah Malaysia. Maksud penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana angkutan udara di daerah Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu Kalimantan Barat. Tujuannya adalah memberikan rekomendasi untuk pengembangan pelayanan angkutan udara di daerah perbatasan Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu Kalimantan Barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis SWOT agar dapat mengetahui kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman di daerah perbatasan Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu Kalimantan Barat. Dari hasil perhitungan pembobotan dan rating bahwa Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu mempunyai kekuatan lebih besar dibanding kelemahan, serta peluang lebih besar dari pada ancaman, maka strategi yang tepat adalah strategi SO (agresif) terletak di kuadran (2,48 : 3,02) ini merupakan situasi banyaknya peluang yang sangat besar di kabupaten ini serta mempunyai kekuatan di kabupaten ini yaitu meningkatkan pemanfaatan potensi sumber daya alam dan pariwisata. Pengkajian Angkutan Udara Perbatasan di Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu Kalimantan Barat, (Lita1), dan 125 Evy 2)) PENDAHULUAN Dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 26 Daerah perbatasan merupakan wilayah tahun 2008 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang yang berada pada tepat di batas wilayah Wilayah Nasional, Indonesia memiliki 9 kedaulatan Negara Kesatuan Republik (sembilan) kawasan perbatasan negara yang Indonesia (NKRI) dengan negara tetangga. terdiri atas 3 kawasan perbatasan darat, Permasalahan yang sering terjadi di wilayah yaitu berbatasan dengan negara Malaysia di perbatasan adalah keterlambatan Pulau Kalimantan, Timor Leste di Pulau pembangunan baik secara perekonomian, Timor (NTT), dan Papua New Guinea di Pulau sumber daya manusia, infrastruktur, Papua; serta 6 (enam) kawasan perbatasan kemampuan keuangan lokal (celah fiskal), laut yang berbatasan dengan negara India, aksesibilitas dan karakteristik daerah. Salah Malaysia, Singapura, Vietnam, Filipina, Palau, satu permasalahan riil yang terjadi di daerah Timor Leste, dan Australia. Pengembangan perbatasan adalah adanya ketimpangan kawasan perbatasan diarahkan untuk dalam hal pembangunan infrastruktur dan keutuhan dan kedaulatan NKRI. pelayanan transportasi. Pembangunan Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu, secara infrastruktur seperti jalan raya dan astronomis berada pada 0,50 Lintang Utara ketersediaan moda transportasi yang minim sampai 1,40 Lintang Selatan dan 111,40° dan mahal mengakibatkan masyarakat lebih sampai 114,10° Bujur Timur dengan ibukota memilih untuk memanfaatkan pelayanan Putussibau. Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu transportasi di negara tetangga. Masyarakat merupakan kabupaten terluas kedua (setelah di daerah perbatasan memenuhi kebutuhan Kabupaten Ketapang) di Kalimantan Barat. hidupnya dengan menyeberang ke negeri Luas Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu seluruhnya seberang. Bahkan ada masyarakat di daerah adalah 31.162 km2, setara dengan 20,33% perbatasan yang memiliki mata pencaharian dari luas Kalimantan Barat secara di negeri tetangga secara ilegal. keseluruhan yang mencapai 146.807 km2. Ketimpangan pembangunan yang cukup Secara administrasi batas-batas wilayah tinggi antara Indonesia dan Malaysia Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu adalah di sebelah menyebabkan masyarakat di wilayah Utara berbatasan dengan Negara Bagian perbatasan tersebut memenuhi kebutuhan Sarawak (Malaysia Timur); di sebelah Timur hidupnya di Malaysia. Kondisi ini tentunya berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Murung Raya dikarenakan pembangunan yang terlambat Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dan Kabupaten dan fasilitas transportasi yang minim di Kutai Barat Provinsi Kalimantan Timur; daerah perbatasan. Hal ini berimbas pada sebelah Barat dengan Kabupaten Sintang; minimnya pasokan barang dan kebutuhan serta di sebelah Selatan berbatasan dengan yang lain ke daerah perbatasan. Kabupaten Sintang dan Provinsi Kalimantan Kawasan perbatasan memiliki nilai Tengah. strategis bagi suatu Negara dalam Secara umum letak Kabupaten Kapuas mendukung keberhasilan pembangunan, hal Hulu memanjang dari arah Barat ke Timur, tersebut dikarenakan kawasan perbatasan dengan jarak tempuh terpanjang ±240 Km merupakan representatif nilai kedaulatan dan melebar dari Utara ke Selatan ±126,70 suatu negara, bermula dari kawasan Km serta merupakan Kabupaten paling perbatasan akan mendorong perkembangan Timur di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Jarak ekonomi, sosial budaya dan kegiatan tempuh dari Ibukota Propinsi (Kota masyarakat lainnya yang akan saling Pontianak) adalah ±657 Km melalui jalan mempengaruhi antara Negara, sehingga darat (±16 jam), ±842 Km melalui jalur aliran berdampak pada strategi keamanan dan Sungai Kapuas, dan ± 1 jam penerbangan pertahanan Negara. Kawasan perbatasan menggunakan Pesawat Udara jenis ATR 42 suatu Negara merupakan manifestasi utama Seri 300 atau F27 dari Bandar Udara kedaulatan wilayah Negara. Pangsuma Putussibau. 126 Warta Ardhia, Volume 41 No. 3 September 2015, hal. 125-138 Maksud penelitian ini adalah untuk perjanjian angkutan untuk mengangkut mengevaluasi ketersediaan sarana dan penumpang dengan pesawat terbang dan prasarana angkutan udara di daerah dengan menerima suatu imbalan. Menurut perbatasan Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu Salim (2006:102) fungsi angkutan udara Kalimantan Barat, yang bertujuan untuk adalah penyediaan jasa angkutan udara serta memberikan rekomendasi bagi meningkatkan pelayanan, peningkatan pengembangan pelayanan angkutan udara di armada/pesawat udara serta menjaga daerah perbatasan Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu keselamatan penumpang selaku pemakai Kalimantan Barat. Permasalahan yang ingin jasa, pengembangan jasa-jasa angkutan dicarikan solusinya adalah bagaimana udara atas dasar pertumbuhan ekonomi (rate ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana angkutan of growth). udara dan prospek pengembangan Konsep dasar perbatasan berdasarkan (infrastruktur) Bandar Udara Pangsuma Pasal 1 Montevideo Convention on the right Putussibau dalam mendukung aksesibilitas and duty of the states 1993, menetapkan dari dan ke daerah perbatasan di Kabupaten bahwa sebagai suatu kesatuan negara harus Kapuas Hulu Kalimantan Barat. memiliki 4 (empat) kualifikasi yaitu 1) Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu sebagai Kawasan memiliki penduduk yang tetap, 2) wilayah Perbatasan Negara merupakan kawasan dengan batas-batas yang jelas, 3) pemerintah strategis nasional dari sudut kepentingan yang efektif, dan 4) memiliki kemampuan pertahanan dan keamanan negara selain untuk mengadakan hubungan dengan negara merupakan kawasan yang berfungsi bagi lain. Intisari dari uraian di atas dapat pertahanan kedaulatan negara, berfungsi diletakkan pada perspektif kedaulatan pula sebagai sarana perwujudan kehidupan sebuah negara, dimana penegasan batas sosial ekonomi masyarakat yang sejahtera, wilayah negara merupakan manifestasi dari dan sekaligus menjaga kelangsungan fungsi kedaulatan sebuah negara. Teori ini perlindungan dan konservasi hutan tropis diperkenalkan oleh Stephen B. Jones (1945) dunia sehingga Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu dalam bukunya yang berjudul Boundary- sebagai Kawasan Perbatasan Negara di Making: Handbook for Statesmen, Treaty Kalimantan yang memerlukan prioritas Editor, and Boundary Commissioner. Di dalam percepatan pembangunan. Indonesia teori ini dipopulerkan oleh Dr. Sobar Sutisna (Bakosurtanal, Unhan), di TINJAUAN PUSTAKA mana dari sisi kearsipan nasional, teori ini Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 dapat mempermudah dalam melihat lahir- tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan, angkutan hidup dan matinya suatu negara. Teori ini udara adalah setiap kegiatan dengan menjelaskan tahapan klasik pengelolaan menggunakan pesawat udara untuk wilayah perbatasan yakni: alokasi, delimitasi, mengangkut penumpang, kargo, dan pos demarkasi, dan administrasi. untuk satu perjalanan atau lebih dari satu Dalam bukunya Stephen B. Jones (1945) bandar udara ke bandar udara yang lain
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