Handbook for Altar Servers
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												  The Office of VespersTHE PATRIARCHAL ORTHODOX CHURCH OF ROMANIA ARCHDIOCESE OF WESTERN EUROPE THE OFFICE OF VESPERS TYPIKON ( With Litiya & Artoklasia Service ) ? The priest vests with the epitrachelion in the sanctuary. He opens the curtain and the Royal Doors Standing before the holy table facing East, he blesses himself saying loudly : Priest Blessed is Our God, always, Now and Forever, and to the Ages of Ages. + Choir Amen. Glory to Thee our God, Glory to Thee. The Choir Leader begins the Trisagion Prayers. The priest closes the Holy Doors and curtain Choir Come let us worship and bow down before God our King ( + metanie ) Come let us worship and bow down before Christ, our King and God ( + metanie ) Come let us worship and bow down before Christ himself, our King, and our God ( + metanie ) O Heavenly King, the Paraclete, the Spirit of Truth, who are present everywhere filling all things, Treasury of good things, and Giver of Life, come and dwell in us, cleanse us of every stain, and save our souls, O Good One. + Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal, Have mercy on us ( three times) + Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, Now, and forever, and to the Ages of Ages, Amen. All Holy Trinity have mercy on us. Lord forgive us our sins. Master pardon our transgressions. Holy One, visit and heal our infirmities for your name’s sake. Lord have mercy, Lord have mercy, Lord have mercy. + Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit Now, and forever, and to the Ages of Ages, Amen.
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												  Byzantine Lutheranism!Byzantine Lutheranism? Byzantine Lutheranism! Through the 1596 Union of Brest, many Ruthenian Orthodox bishops, with their eparchies, entered into communion with the Pope at Rome. They did this with the understanding that they and their successors would always be able to preserve their distinctive Eastern customs, such as a married priesthood, and the use of the Byzantine Rite for worship, in a language understood by the people. The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church became (and remains) the heir of this 1596 union. The region of Galicia in eastern Europe (now a part of Ukraine), inhabited mostly by ethnic Ukrainians, was a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the end of the First World War. After a few years of regional conflict Galicia then came under the jurisdiction of a newly reconstituted Polish state. Soon thereafter, under pressure from the hierarchy of the Polish Roman Catholic Church and with the collusion of the Pope, the Stanyslaviv Eparchy of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in Galicia began to undergo an imposed Latinization. This Latinization process manifested itself chiefly in the prohibition of any future ordinations of married men, and in the requirement that the Western Rite Latin Mass be used for worship. The Ukrainians who were affected by this felt betrayed, and many of them began to reconsider their ecclesiastical associations and allegiance to the Pope. This was the setting for the emergence of a Lutheran movement among the Ukrainians of this region, in the 1920s. This movement was initially prompted by two
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												  Rt. Rev. Archimandrite Robert F. Taft, SJRt. Rev. Archimandrite Robert F. Taft, S.J. Professor Emeritus PONTIFICIO ISTITUTO ORIENTALE Piazza S. Maria Maggiore 7 00185 Roma, ITALIA Tel. +39-06-44741-7139 FAX +39-06-446-5576 Email [email protected] B I B L I O G R A P H Y (as of November 2011) Abbreviations: AL = Analecta Liturgica (S. Anselmo, Rome) BBGG = Bollettino della Badia Greca di Grottaferrata BELS = Bibliotheca Ephemerides Liturgicae, Subsidia CCOr = ContaCOr, Collegium Orientale Eichstätt und Oriens Occidens e. V., Eichstätt, Germany DOP = Dumbarton Oaks Papers ECJ = Eastern Churches Journal EOC = «Edizioni Orientalia Christiana» (Rome, PIO) EOrans = Ecclesia Orans LMD = La Maison-Dieu Logos = Logos: A Journal of Eastern Christian Studies/Revue des études de l’Orient chrétien/Журнал Східньохристиянських Студій OC = Oriens Christianus OCA = Orientalia Christiana Analecta OCP = Orientalia Christiana Periodica OKS = Ostkirchliche Studien PIO = Pontificio Istituto Orientale (Rome) POC = Proche-orient chrétien REN = Renasterea (Cluj, Romania) SA = Studia Anselmiana (S. Anselmo, Rome) SL = Studia Liturgica SOC = Studi sull’Oriente cristiano TS = Theological Studies Chronological List of Publications: To this list can be added several abstracts published in New Testament Abstracts 1960-1964. In addition, several of Fr. Taft’s “vota” or official responses and briefs composed at the request of Vatican Congregation for the Oriental Churches on various liturgical issues and sent under the name of the Congregatio pro Ecclesiis Orientalibus to local Churches as official responses of the Holy See, have been published anonymously, and without Fr. Taft’s authorization, in India in the journal Christian Orient as well as in the anthology Roman Documents on the Syro-Malabar Liturgy (up-dated and enlarged edition, Oriental Institute of Religious Studies India No.
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												  The Evolution of the Byzantine “Divine Liturgy”Robert Taft SJ How Liturgies Grow: The Evolution of the Byzantine “Divine Liturgy” Orientalia Christiana Periodica XLIII, Roma 1977, p. 8-30 In this paper I would like to locate the evolution of the Byzan- characterize this stage of liturgical history. For it is the rite of tine eucharist within the larger context of liturgical history, the new capital of Constantine, the founding of which in 315 using it as a “model” or “case study” from which to draw some inaugurates the new era of Constantinian or imperial Chris- general methodological principles applicable, I believe, to the tendom. growth of all rites. This is the period of the unifications of rites, when worship, STAGES OF RITUAL HISTORY like a church government, not only evolved new forms, but The history of the eucharistic service can be divided into sev- also let the weaker variants of the species die out, as the eral periods: church developed, via the creation of intermediate unities, into a federation of federations of local churches, with ever- 1) In the period of initial information the Lord’s Supper is sepa- increasing unity of practice within each federation, and ever- rated from the agape, the World services becomes perma- increasing diversity of practice from federation to federation. nently joined to it, and the “first statum” of that Dom Gregory In other words what was once one loose collection of individ- 1 Dix called the “classical shape of the liturgy” emerges by the ual local churches each with its own liturgical uses, evolved middle of the 2d century in the Apology of Justin Martyr (I, 65, into a series of intermediate structures or federations (later 67): called patriarchates) grouped around certain major sees.
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												  Robert F. Taft, S.J. the 2001 Vatican Addai and Mari DecisionRobert F. Taft, S.J. Pontificio Istituto Orientale Piazza S, Maria Maggiore 7 00185 Rome ITALY PROFILE : Robert F. Taft, S.J., born in Providence, RI (USA) Jan. 9, 1932, entered the Society of Jesus on August 14, 1949. After receiving the MA and Licentiate in Philosophy, he taught from 1956-59 at Baghdad College, Baghdad, Iraq, followed by an MA in Russian Studies at Fordham University in NY (1961), and an MA and STL in theology in 1964. He was ordained to the priesthood in the Byzantine Slavonic (Russian) Rite in 1963. He is Professor- emeritus of Oriental Liturgy at the Pontifical Oriental Institute, Rome, and founder and editor-in-chief of its Anaphorae Orientales series. He studied there his doctorate (1965-70), then did postdoctoral studies in Oriental Philology at the University of Louvain (1971-72). The bibliography of his publications and writings comprises over 800 titles written in English, French, and Italian, mostly scholarly publications on Eastern Liturgy, including 23 books, three of them co-authored. His writings have been translated into eighteen different languages. Fr. Taft is also Consultor for Liturgy of the Vatican Congregation for the Oriental Churches, and a member of several Vatican commissions and other editorial and advisory boards. Fr. Taft has received numerous ecclesiastical honors and academic awards, including three honorary doctorates and election as Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy, the highest honor the Academy confers in recognition of scholarly distinction. He is the first American Jesuit
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												  The Acolyte Service HandbookSt. Demetrios Greek Orthodox Church 815 NE 15th Street • Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 PHONE (954)-467-1515• FAX (954)-467-0212 THE ACOLYTE SERVICE HANDBOOK Thank You to Fr. Christos Mars for creating such a wonderful resource for Acolytes and allowing us to customize it for our use here at St. Demetrios. 2 Acolyte PLEDGE HEAVENLY HIGH PRIEST JESUS CHRIST— I, an Acolyte of the Annunciation Cathedral, solemnly promise to serve You faithfully, obediently, and reverently. Let nothing separate me from You. If I am weak in my faith, strengthen me. Help me to devote myself to Your Holy Gifts. Guide me in the path that leads to Your Kingdom. Teach me to become a better Christian so that I may wear the Altar Boy’s robe worthily and in humility. My prayer is to serve You in all my thoughts, words and deeds and to become a better Orthodox Christian so that in all I do I may testify to Your glory. For blessed is the Holy Trinity, the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit now and forever and unto the ages of ages Amen. 3 FOR THOSE SERVING IN THE HOLY ALTAR 1. Remember that you serve in the holiest and most sacred part of the Church. Being in the Altar is a rare honor and privilege. You are close to Jesus Christ and His Holy Angels. You are at the Altar Table where the sacrificial offering of the precious Body and Blood of Christ is made. 2. Christ wants those who serve Him in the Altar to be reverent and clean in body and soul.
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												  Synodum Constantinopolitanum – Canones the Canons of The0691-0691 – Synodum Constantinopolitanum – Canones The Canons Of The Council in Trullo; Often Called The Quintisext Council. this file has been downloaded from http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.html NPNF (V2-14) Philip Schaff 355 THE CANONS OF THE COUNCIL IN TRULLO; OFTEN CALLED THE QUINISEXT COUNCIL. A.D. 692. Elenchus. Introductory Note. The Canons with the Ancient Epitome and Notes. Excursus to Canon VI., On the Marriage of the Clergy. Introductory Note. 356 From the fact that the canons of the Council in Trullo are included in this volume of the Decrees and Canons of the Seven Ecumenical Councils it must not for an instant be supposed that it is intended thereby to affirm that these canons have any ecumenical authority, or that the council by which they were adopted can lay any claim to being ecumenical either in view of its constitution or of the subsequent treatment by the Church of its enactments. It is true that it claimed at the time an ecumenical character, and styled itself such in several of its canons, it is true that in the mind of the Emperor Justinian II., who summoned it, it was intended to have been ecumenical. It is true that the Greeks at first declared it to be a continuation of the Sixth Synod and that by this name they frequently denominate and quote its canons. But it is also true that the West was not really represented at it at all (as we shall see presently); that when the Emperor afterwards sent the canons to the Pope to receive his signature, he absolutely refused to have anything to do with them; and it is further true that they were never practically observed by the West at all, and that even in the East their authority was rather theoretical than real.
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												  Hierarchical Divine Liturgy NOTE: in Most Cases, Only Rubrics That Are Unique to the Bishop’S Presence Are Noted HereHierarchical Divine Liturgy NOTE: In most cases, only rubrics that are unique to the Bishop’s presence are noted here. After making three metanias in their respective places, the Priest and the Deacon bow together to the Bishop and then the Deacon says in a loud voice, “Bless, Master!” After the Priest completes, “Blessed is the Kingdom…” the Deacon and the Priest turn and bow together to the Bishop. The bow to the Bishop is repeated after every exclamation by the Priest. The Priest takes his place on the south side of the Holy Table facing north. The Deacon intones the Great Ektenia. At the commemoration of the Hierarchs, the Deacon turns, points his orarion and bows to the Bishop being commemorated while the Priest bows from the Royal Doors., and the choir quickly sings, "Eis polls eti, Despota." At the conclusion of the Ektenia, the Priest moves in front of the Holy Table to intone the exclamation. This process is repeated after each Ektenia. During the singing of the Antiphon, the first Deacon moves from the Icon of Christ back to his place near the Bishop, while the second Priest and second Deacon approach the Bishop, make one metania, ask the Bishop’s blessing and kiss his right hand. The second Priest proceeds through the Royal Doors and the second Deacon proceeds to stand before the Icon of the Theotokos. If there is only one Deacon serving, a Subdeacon may be asked to do this. If there is no Subdeacon, the Deacon remains in his place before the Icon of Christ and from there intones the two Little Ektenias.
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												  The Divine Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom an English Translation from the Greek, with Commentary, of the Divine Liturgy of StThe Divine Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom An English translation from the Greek, with commentary, of the Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom The annotations in this edition are extracted from two books by Fr. Alexander Schmemann, of blessed memory: 1) The Eucharist published in 1987, and, 2) For The Life of The World, 1963, 1973, both published by Saint Vladimir’s Seminary Press. Fr. Schmemann died in 1983 at the age of 62 having been Dean of St. Vladimir’s Seminary for the 20 years previously. Any illumination for the reader of the meaning of the Liturgy is directly from Fr. Schmemann’s work; any errors are directly the fault of the extractor. In this edition the quiet prayers of the priest are indicated by being in blue italics, Scripture references are in red, the Liturgical text is in blue, and the commentary is in black. (Traditionally, the service of Orthros is celebrated right before each Liturgy. The traditional end of the Orthros is the Great Doxology. In our church, the end of the Orthros is separated from the Great Doxology by the Studies in the Faith and the Memorials. Thus, it appears that the Great Doxology is the start of The Eucharist, but that is not the case. [ed.]) The Liturgy of the Eucharist is best understood as a journey or procession. It is a journey of the Church into the dimension of the kingdom, the manner of our entrance into the risen life of Christ. It is not an escape from the world, but rather an arrival at a vantage point from which we can see more deeply into the reality of the world.
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												  Explanation of the Proskomedia of the Divine LiturgyExplanation of the Proskomedia of the Divine Liturgy Praise be Jesus Christ! Let’s begin our class by praying to the Holy Spirit for inspiration and understanding. Today we are going to give an explanation of the Proskomedia which is the service of preparation before the actual beginning of the Divine Liturgy. Origin of the Proskomedia The name Proskomedia comes from the Greek word” proskomidzo,” which means “to bring” or” to offer.” In the Roman rite, the Proskomedia is known as the Offertory. The Proskomedia is the cere- mony of offering and bringing the bread and wine to the table of oblation or preparation table called the Prothesiis. Later on, at the consecration of the Liturgy particles of bread will be changed into the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ. The origin of the Proskomedia goes back to apostolic times. It was part of the very ancient form of the Divine liturgy, although not in the same arrangement as we know it today. It developed from an old Christian custom of bringing offerings for the celebration of the Liturgy. The oldest liturgical manuscripts about the Proskomedia relates that this was a simple ceremony of bringing bread and wine for offering at the altar. In the eleven century, this simple ceremony grew into an enriched rite of preparation where prayers and symbolic actions were added to commemorate the sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the Holy Mother of God, the saints, the living and the dead. The origin of the commemoration of the living and the dead goes back to the early centuries of Christianity where the Christians of the first century prayed for each other and held their dead brethren, especially their martyrs, in great honor and respect.
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												  A Dictionary of Orthodox TerminologyA Dictionary of Orthodox Terminology A Dictionary of Orthodox Terminology Fotios K. Litsas, Ph.D. University of Illinois at Chicago © 1990-1996 Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America -A- Abbess. (from masc. abbot; Gr. Hegoumeni). The female superior of a community of nuns appointed by a bishop; Mother Superior. She has general authority over her community and nunnery under the supervision of a bishop. Abbot. (from Aram. abba, father; Gr. Hegoumenos, Sl. Nastoyatel). The head of a monastic community or monastery, appointed by a bishop or elected by the members of the community. He has ordinary jurisdiction and authority over his monastery, serving in particular as spiritual father and guiding the members of his community. Abstinence. (Gr. Nisteia). A penitential practice consisting of voluntary http://www.goarch.org/access/Companion_to_Orthodox_Church/dictionary.html (1 of 47) [9/27/2001 3:51:58 PM] A Dictionary of Orthodox Terminology deprivation of certain foods for religious reasons. In the Orthodox Church, days of abstinence are observed on Wednesdays and Fridays, or other specific periods, such as the Great Lent (see fasting). Acolyte. The follower of a priest; a person assisting the priest in church ceremonies or services. In the early Church, the acolytes were adults; today, however, his duties are performed by children (altar boys). Aër. (Sl. Vozdukh). The largest of the three veils used for covering the paten and the chalice during or after the Eucharist. It represents the shroud of Christ. When the creed is read, the priest shakes it over the chalice, symbolizing the descent of the Holy Spirit. Affinity. (Gr.
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												  Cycle of Services in the Eastern Orthodox Church Compiled by Archimandrite Nektarios SerfesCycle of Services in the Eastern Orthodox Church Compiled By Archimandrite Nektarios Serfes Introduction by Father Nektarios Serfes: Nothing is so spiritually uplifting, and so rewarding then prayer before God in the Church. The Orthodox Church has a cycle of services, and all of us should make every means to attend these services. It’s not really how long are these services, but what we put into them that is spiritually rewarding. When the Church calls us to prayer, we should rush with great Christian love to go to these services, and give our Lord God due honor and worship, at the same time we should think about our spiritual relationship with our God, and our path to our salvation. During these cycle of services we begin to realize how much our Lord God loves us, and wants us to be a part of His Kingdom. We can participate in His Kingdom in prayer, and we can behold His great spiritual beauty as we gaze around the Church and behold Him, as well as the opening arms of the Mother of God, the saints, the prophets, the apostles, and the martyrs all surrounding us with their prayers and intercession on our behalf, what a blessing! Then again preparations before the Divine Liturgy are spiritually necessary, and that is if when we will go to Holy Communion, we should consider speaking to our priest about going to Holy Confession. We also should fast from certain foods anticipation of receiving the Body and Blood of Christ, i.e. at the least, fast from meats on Wednesday and Friday, and all foods and liquids the morning of the liturgy unless these are deemed necessary for medical reasons.