New Species of Psyllid from the Canary Islands and Madeira (Homoptera: Psylloidea) , 1

NEW SPECIES OF PSYLLID FROM THE CANARY ISLANDS AND MADEIRA (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLOIDEA) , 1. D. Hodkinson *

ABSTRACT

Two new species of jumping plant louse, Livilla monospermae and Trioza laurisilvae, are described from the Canary Islands and Madeira. L. monospermae n. sp. is related to L. retamae (Puton), L. lautereri Hodkinson & Hollis, L. syriaca (Low) and L. radiata (Forster). T. laurisilvae n. sp. is related to T. alacris Flor. Additional information is pre- sented on the distribution of several endemic species and Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Maskell) is recorded from the Canaries for the first time. Key words: Jumping plant lice, Psylloidea, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Madeira, Livilla monospermae n. sp., Trioza laurisilvae n. sp., recordr, distribution, host-plants.

RESUMEN Nuevas especies de psílidos de las Islas Canarias y Madeira (Homoptera: Psylloidea). Se describen dos nuevas especies de psílidos de las Islas Canarias y Madeira: Livilla monospermae y Trioza laurisilvae. L. monospermae n. sp. está relacionada con L. retamae (Pu- ton), L. lautereri Hodkinson & Hollis, L. syriaca (Low) y L. rudiata (Forster). T. laurisilvae n. sp. lo está con T. alacris Flor. Se dan nuevos datos sobre la distribución de varias especies endémicas y se cita Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Maskell) por primera vez de las Cana- rias. Palabras clave: Psííidos, Psylloidea, Islas Canarias, Madeira, Livilla monospermae n. sp., Trioza laurisilvae n. sp., citas, distribución, plantas hospederas.

INTRODUCCION nes black; underside of head and thorax dark brown to black; antennae dirty yellow with apices of basa1 LOGINOVA (1976) described the psyllid fauna of segments black, segments 7-10 entirely black. Abdo- the Canary islands and Madeira from material collec- men, including terminalia, yellow brown becoming ted by the Finnish hemipterist Prof. Hakan Lindberg heavily marked with black in older specimens. Femo- between 1926-1963. ASHMOLEand ASHMOLE(1988) ra predominantly dark brown, tibiae predominantly later recorded several of these species in snowfield yellow. Forewing veins light brown; pattern (fig. 1) samples from Tenerife. This paper describes two new consisting of an irregular and incomplete apical trans- species, Livilla monospermae and Trioza laurisilvae, verse band of chocolate brown patterning and a more provides additional data for known species and adds diffuse and paler yellowish longitudinal clouding one further described species to the Canary Island along leading half of wing; remainder of forewing fauna. The status of the genus Laurirrioza Conci and clear. Tamanini, 1985 is discussed. Terminology follows HODKINSON and W'HITE (1979). Strucrure Corresponding to the generic description of HOD- Livilla monospermae sp. n. KINSON and HOLLIS(1987). Head (fig. 2) weakly deflexed, in same plane as thorax; eyes hemispherical. Colouration Antennae long and slender 2.47-2.86 times as long as Dorsal surface of head and thorax yellowish-oran- head width, with a single rhinaria on segments 4, 6, ge with darker brown markings, apices of genal co- 8 and 9. Genal cones slender and elongate, longer

* School of Natural Sciences. Liverpool Polytechnic. Byrom Streei. Liverpool. L3 3AF. U.K

EOS, 66 (1): 29-35 (1 990) 29 1. D. HODKINSON than the vertex along the rnid-he, little deflexed Comment frorn plane for vertex; genal cones and vertex with HODKINSONand HOLLIS(1987) revised the genus many elonnate setae. Pronotum flat, propleurites-- Livilla, providing detailed descriptions and biblio- quadrate, dvided by a vertical suture. graphies of the species, which were allocated to spe- Forewing (fig. 1) elongate, oblong-oval, somewhat cies groups. Livilla monospermae sp. n. belongs to parallel sided, 2.91-3.15 times as long as broad, the L. radiata (Forster, 1848) group, characterized 3.0-3.4 times as long as head width; costal break pre- by the upturned apex of vein Rs and the vein MI + 2, sent but incornplete, pterostigma rudirnentary; vein which reaches the wing rnargin well before the wing Rs curved upwards at apex towards foremargin of apex. The group also includes L. retamae (Puton, wing; vein M strongly sinuous; vein MI + meeting 1878), L. lautereri Hodkinson and Hollis, 1987 and wing rnargin well above apex; cell cula elongate, vein L. syriaca (Low, 1882). Livilla monospermae can be Gula rnoderately strongly curved; surface spinules separated frorn these species by the relatively longer present in centre of cell C + Sc, around vein Cuz and and narrower forewing with a characteristic and dis- in apical third of wing; clusters of denser radular spi- tinctive pattern, the very long genal cones and diffe- nules present at apices of cells m, + 2, m and cula. rences in the shape of the rnale and female termina- Metatibia with well developed genual spine and lia. Livilla monospermae sp. n. is known only from with 1 + 3 + 1 thick black apical spurs, basa1 meta- Retama monosperma (L.)Boiss. on Tenerife whereas tarsus without black spurs. Male proctiger (fig. 3) L. retamae feeds on Retama sphaerocarpa (L.)Boiss, simple; paramere (figs. 3, 4) of simple elongate la- R. raetam (ForskAl) Webb and Berth. and R. monos- mellar forrn, broad basally, gradually tapering to perma around the Southern Mediterranean Basin narrow inwardly curved hooked apex; aedeagus frorn Spain to Israel. Retama monosperma grows on (fig. 5) with apical expansion elongately reniform, maritime sands in southwest Spain and S. Portugal rounded apically, ductus ejaculatorius elongate. Fe- where the associated psyllid is L. retamae rather than rnale terrninalia (fig. 6) elongate, proctiger L. monospermae sp. n. (LOGINOVA, 1976). By con- 1.08-1.16 times as long as head width, dorsal margin trast, with the preceding species L. lautereri (host stepped posterior to the circurnanal ring, with the lat- unknown) occurs in Algeria whereas L. radiata and ter 0.30-0.32 the length of the proctiger; subgenital L. syriaca feed on host-plants such as Genista spp., plate slightly shorter than proctiger, apically acute, Chamaecytisus spp. or Lembotropis spp. in Central ventral margin angled rnedially, setae as in figure 6. Europe or the Eastern Mediterranean respectively. Measurements (in mm) Tnoza laurisilvae sp. n. Head width cf 0.85-0.93 9 0.89-0.92 Antennal length 2.32-2.45 Q 2.22-2.33 Forewing length cf 2.74-2.80 9 2.78-3.09 Colouration Proctiger length cf 0.46-0.4s 9 0.97-1.04 Immature specirnens yellow-orange throughout. Male paramere length 0.42-0.46 Mature specimens with dorsal surface of head and Male aedeagus length 0.35-0.39 thorax reddish-orange with dark brown and pale whitish rnarkings; genal cones whitish; antennae whitish- Host-plant yellow with segrnents 9 and 10 dark brown; undersi- Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. subsp. rhodorrhi- de on thorax rnarked with dark brown; fore- and zoides Webb and Berth. mid-femora whitish yellow, hind femora dark brown, remainder of legs whitish yellow. Abdomen dark Type material brown with paler intersegmental membranes: termi- Holotype 6,CANARY ISLANDS, Tenerife, nalia yellowish brown. Forewing veins yellowish 1 km N. of Santiago (Hodkinson) 1s-XII-19S8 (slide brown; rnernbrane transparent with a uniform yello- mounted). Paratypes. Tenerife, 7 a",3 9 sarne data wish tinge. as holotype (slide and dry mounted). 1 a" 2 km S. of Masca, nr. Santiago 18-XII-1988 (dry rnounted). Structure 14 0,11 9, 1 nyrnph, Chio, N. W. of Guia (Wii- Corresponding to the generic description of Ho- son) 9-III-19S9 (dry mounted). 45 a", 23 9, Teno, LL~S(1984). Head (fig. 12) rnoderately deflexed frorn Masca-Santiago del Teide Rd. (Hollis) 16-V-1987, on plane of thorax, eyes relatively large somewhat flat- Retama monosperma (dry mounted and in spirit). tened; vertex quadrate, genal cones broadly triangu- Holotype and most paratypes are in the collections lar, shorter than length of vertex; antennae 1.31-1.45 of the British Museum (Natural History). Rernaining times as long as head width with single conspicuous paratypes in the author's collection. rhinaria on segments 4, 6, 8 and 9.

30 EOS, 66 (1): 29-35 (1990) .

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3 5

9 Figs. 1-10.-1) L. monospermae sp. n. forewing. 2) L. monospermae sp. n. head. dorsal view. 3) L. monospermae sp. n. d terrninalia lateral view. 4) L. monospermae sp. n. d right paramere, outer view. 5) L. monospermue sp. n. aedeagus. 6) L. monospermae sp. n. 9 terrninalia, lateral view. 7) T. faurisilvae sp. n. terminatia. lateral view. 8) T. íaitrisiivae sp. n. ovipositor. 9) 7.aiucris ovipositor. 10) 7.alucris terrninalia, lateral view.

EOS, 66 (1): 29-35 (1990) 31 .

1. D.HODKINSON

Forewing (fig. 11) with typical Trioza venation, Azores, 1 6 Pico, Porto Cachorro 8-12. VIII-1987 with angular apex, 2.65-2.89 as long as maximum (Ashmole). breadth; pterostigma and costal break absent, vein Holotype and most paratypes are in the collections Rs strongly angled, meeting anterior margin at about of the British Museum (Natural History). Remaining the point of bifurcation of M; cells ml + and cuIare- paratypes in the author's collection. latively small, vein Gula evenly arched; vein Cuz meeting margin at some distance from apex of vein Cu,,; Comment radular spinules present at apices of cells m, + 2, m Trioza laurisilvae sp. was recorded from Madei- ' and cula; surface spinules absent from cells of fore- n. wing. Metatibia with genual spine very small and with ra, Tenerife, La Palma, Gomera and Gran Canaria 2 + 1 thick black apical spurs; basal metatarsus lac- as the closely related species Trioza alacris Flor, 1861 king black spurs. by LOGINOVA(1976). The two species are, however, Male proctiger (fig. 15) very small, little longer morphologically distinct . They can be separated by than paramere, posterior margin broadly rounded, the following couplet. sparsely hairy; paramere (figs. 15, 16) broad, ap- 1. Forewing (fig. 11) broadly acute in apical proximately parallel sided, bent anteriorly in apical third, vein Rs extending to point of bifurcation of M, two-thirds, tapering to a broadly acute apex that strongly angled in middle. Male terminalia bears a small inner denticle; in inner view with a lon- (figs. 15, 16) relatively small, proctiger shorter than gitudinal line of stout setae on inner surface and a paramere. Aedeagus (fig. 17). Female terminalia cluster of longer more slender setae on the posterio- (figs. 7, 8). Head (fig. 12). (Laurel forest (laurisilva) basal margin; aedeagus (fig. 17) with apical extension on Canary Is., Madeira, Azores) ...... broad, with a narrow anterior hook-shaped extension. Female terminalia (fig. 7) relatively long, proc- ...... T. laurisilvae sp. n tiger 0.77-0.83 times as long as head width, anterior -. Forewing (fig. 13) narrowly acute in apical margin indistinct, dorsal margin sinuous beyond the third, vein Rs shorter, evenly curved, reaching ante- circumanal ring which is 0.36-0.40 times the length rior margin well before bifurcation of M. Male ter- of the proctiger; subgenital plate triangular, slightly minalia (figs. 18, 19) relatively larger, proctiger lon- shorter than proctiger . Ovipositor (fig. 8) broadly ger than paramere. Aedeagus (fig. 20). Female ter- triangular. minalia (figs. 9, 10). Head (fig. 14) [on Laurus nobilis throughout the Mediterranean Basin, Crimea, Measurements (in mm) Caucasus, N. & S. America (introd.)] ...... T. alacris Flor Head width cf 0.51-0.57 9 0.51-0.58 Antennal length 0" 0.75-0.77 9 0.76-0.77 Full comparative descriptions of T. alacris are gi- Forewing length cf 2.65-2.78 9 2.59-2.93 ven by LOw (1886), SULC (1912), CRAWFORD Proctiger length cf 0.21-0.23 Q 0.87-0.98 (1914), MILES (1928), TUTHILL (1943), VONDRACEK Male paramere length 0.19-0.20 (1957), RAMfREZ G6MEZ (1960), LOGINOVA(1964), Male aedeagus length O. 18-0.19 NGUYENand BOUYJOU(1973), SAMPO(1977), HOD- KINSON and WHITE (1979), WHITE and HODKINSON Host-plant (1982), CONCIand TAMANINI (1985). Trioza laurisilvae sp. n. is primarily associated with the laurel fo- Unknown, see comment. rests of the Canary Islands group. The host-plant is unknow but is almost certainly one or more of the en- Type material demic Canary Island laurels, Laurus azorica ISeub.) Holotype cf, CANARY ISLANDS, Tenerife, Franco, Ocotea foetens (Aiton) Benth., Persea indi- Monte de las Mercedes nr. Barranco de Pedro Alva- ca (L.) Spreng. or Apollonias barbujana (Cav.) rez, in laurel forest, 19-XII-1988 (Hodkinson) (slide Bornm. LOGINOVA(1976) records Laurus as the host mounted). Paratypes 12 o", 12 9 same data as ho- but does not include larvae in the material examined. lotype (slide and dry mounted). MADEIRA 31 d, Trioza alacris feeds on sweet bay, Laurus nobilis L., 24 9. Pico Arieiro 9-X-1981 by sweeping (Van Har- a cultivated shrub native to the east Mediterranean. ten) (dry mounted and in alcohol), 2 cf, 6 9 beaten Laurus nobilis has been widely transported and its from Erica arborea 10-X-1981 (Van Harten), 7 6, status as a native plant in the west Mediterranean is 6 Q Ribeiro Frio (900 m) 9-X-1981 by beating (Van doubtful (TUTINet al., 1964). It has been introduced Harten). 8 cf, 3 9, by sweeping 10-X-1981 (Van along with T. alacris into both North and South Harten). 1 cr", 1 9,€ira do Serrado (1200 m) America, Crimea and the Caucasus (CRAUIFORD, 3-X-1981, beaten from Erica arborea (Van Harten). 1912; WEISS, 1917; ESSIG,1917; LIZER,1918; WEISS

32 EOS, 66 (1): 29-35 (1990) NEW PSYLLIDS FROXI CANARY ISLANDS AND MADEIRA

15 16 18

17 20 Figs. 11-20.-11) T. luurisilvue sp. n. forewing. 12) T. luurisilvue sp. n. head, dorsal view. 13) T. ulucrir forewing. 14) T. uiucrir head, dorsal view. 15) T. luurisilvue sp. n. d terminalia, lateral view. 16) T. luurisilvue sp. n.d left paramere, inner view. 17) T. luuririlvac sp. n. aedeagus. 18) T. olucrb 9 terminaka, lateral view. 19) T. ulucrk d left paramere, inner view. 20) T. alacrlc aedeagus.

EOS, 66 (1): 29-35 (1990) 33 *

1. D. HODKINSON

and DICKERSON, 1918; DRATHEN, 1929; KLYVER, Aryrainilla proboscidea (Loginova, 1976) 1931, 1932; COSTA LIMA, 1942; LOGINOVA,1964; GEGECHKORI, 1984; BURCKHARDT, 1988). It is pro- On Adenocarpus viscosus (Willd.) Webb and bable that T. alacris and T. Iaurisifvae sp. n. are geo- Berth. Tenerife, Portillo de las Cañadas 17-XII-1988. graphically isolated sister species. This species appears confined to the high mountain CONCI and TAMANINI(1985) claimed that T. ala- zone. cris was sufficiently distinct from the rest of Trioza to warrant generic status and they erected the mo- notypic genus Lauritrioza with T. alacris as type spe- Aryfainilla nigraiineatu (Loginova, 1976) cies. This fine subdivision of Trioza was not recog- nised by HOLLIS(1984) in his review of Trioza and On Adenocarpus fofiosus (Ait.) DC. Tenerife, related genera. CONCIand TAMANINI (1985) did not Monte de las Mercedes near Barranco de Pedro Al- examine the relationships of T. alacris to other rela- varez. 19-XII-1988. 5 km north of Arafo. This ted Lauraceae-feeding species from outside Europe. psyllidlplant association replaces A. proboscidea at A preliminary review of the literature suggests that lower altitudes. the following species may be related but detailed exa- mination of type material is required: Trioza magno- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS liae Ashmead, 1881 (see MEAD, 1963), T. ocoteae 1 thank Mr. A. Van Harten and Dr. N. P. Ashmoie who sent Houard, 1933 (see BURCKHARDT, 1988), T. anceps material that supplemented my own collections and Steve Muddi- Tuthill, 1944, T. perseae Tuthill, 1959, T. camphorae man who mounted some of the specimens. Sasaki, 1910, T. cinnamomi Boselli, 1930, T. exote- rica Yang, 1984, T. rnonsafvei Burckhardt, 1988, T. litseae Bordage, 1913, T. xylopia Hollis, 1984, REFERENCES Homotrioza beilschmediae Yang, 1984, Ozotrioza AsHMOLE, N. P. and ASHMOLE, M. J. 1988.-Insect dis- laiirinearum Kieffer, 1905, Heterotrioza noknamui persa1 on Tenerife, Canary Islands: high altitude fallout Kwon and Lee, 1981, H. chilgia Park and Lee, 1980. and seaward drift. Arctic Alpine Res., 20: 1-12. Until a comprehensive revision is completed and BURCKHARDT,D. 1988.-Jumping plant lice (Homoptera: the relationships of these species is understood, the Psylloidea) of the temperate neotropical region. Part 3: status of Lauritrioza is in doubt. Trioza laurisilvae Calophyidae and Triozidae. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 92: sp. n. is thus retained with T. afacris in Trioza until 115-191. Co?;cI, C. and TAMANINI, L. 1985.-lauritrioza n. gen., the validity of Lauritrioza can be indisputably esta- for Trioza alacris (Homoptera: Psylloidea). Atti. Soc. blished. ital. Sci. nat., 126: 237-256. COSTA LIM, A. M. 1942.-Inretos do Brasil. Homopte- ros 3. Imprenso National, No de Janeiro. CRAWFORD, D. L. 1912.-A new insect pest (Trioza ala- ADDITIONAL RECORDS crk Flor.). Bull. Calif. State Comm. Hort., 1: 86-87. CRAWFORD, D. L. 19:4.-A monograph of the jumping Ctenurytainu eucaiyph’ (Maskell, 1890) plant lice of Psyllidae of the New World. Buíf. U.S. natn. Mw., 85: 1-182. DRATHEN, T. 1929.-Trioza alacris F., en Chile. Rev- . On Eiicafyptus sp. Tenerife, between Esperanza P. fa. chil. Hkt. nat., 33: 53. and La Laguna, 17-XII-1988. A new record for the ESSIG.E. O. 1917.-The tomato and laurel psyllids. J. Canary Islands for this introduced Australian species. Econ. Ent., 10: 433-444. GEGECHKORI,A. M. 1984.-Psyllids (Homoptera, Psylloi- dea) of the Caucusus. Academy Nauk Gruz. SSR, Tibli- si. Sh-ophingia arborea (Loginova, 1976) HODKINSON, 1. D. and HOLLIS, D. 1987.-The legume- feeding psyllids (Homoptera) of the west Palaearctic On €rica arborea L. Tenerife, Monte de las Mer- Region. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), 56: 1-86. cedes near Barranco de Pedro Alvarez, 19-XII-1988. HODKINSON, 1. D. and WHITE, 1. M. 1979.-Homoptera: Above Aguamansa 17-XII-1988. Psylloidea. Handbk. Ident. Br. Insecrs., 2 (5a): 1-98. HOLLIS, D. 1983.-Afrotropical jumping lice of the family. Triozidae (Homoptera: Psylloidea). Bull. Br. Mw. nat. Hkt. (Ent.), 49: 1-102. Arytainilla nubivaga (Loginova, 1976) KIEFFER,J. J. 1905.-Étude sur de nouveaux insectes et Phytoptides gallicoles du Bengale. Annls. Soc. scienf. Brur., 29: 143-200. On Spartocytisrts sicpranubius (L.) Webb and KLYVER,F. D. 1931.-California psyllids of present and Berth. Tenerife, Montaiia Roja. 17-XII-1988. Porti- potential economic importance. Mon. Bull. Dep. llo de las Cañadas 17-XII-1988. Agric. St. Calif., 20: 691-697.

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KLYVER, F. D. 1932.-Biological notes and new records SAMPO,A. 1977.-La psilla del lauro ( Trioza alacris of North American Chermidae (Homoptera). Ent. Flor.). II FIoricultore, 14: 79-83. News, 43: 33-40. SULC, K. 1912.-Monographia genens Trioza Foerster. LEER, C. 1918.-Sobre la presencia en Argentina de un Species regionis palearcticae. Part 111. Sber. K. bohm. psílido exótico. (Trioza afacris F.). An. Zool. apl., 5: Ges. Wiss., 1-63. 16-21. TUI-HILL,L. D. 1943.-The psyiiids of North America LOGINOVA,M. M. 1964.-Suborder Psyllinea-jurnping north of Mexico (Psyllidae: Homoptera) (subfamilies plant lice. In Bei-Bienko, G. Ya ed.: Keys to the in- Psyllinae and Tnozinae). Iowa St. Coll. J. Sci., 17: sects of the European USSR. 1. Opredeliteli PO Faune 443-660. SSR. 84: 437-482. T~N,T. G.; HEYWOOD, V. H.; BURGES,N. A.; VALEN. LOGINOVA,M. M. 1976.-Psyllids (Psylloidea, Homopte- TINE, D. H.; WALTERS, S. M. and WEBB, D. A. ra) of the Canary Islands and Madeira. Commentat. (eds.).-Flora Europaea. Vol. 1, Lycopodiaceae to Biol., 81: 1-37. Piatanaceae. Cambndge University Press, Cambridge. LOw, F. 1886.-Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Psylliden. 464 PP. Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien., 32: 227-254. VONDRACEK,K. 1957.-Mery Psyiloidea. Fauna CSR, 9: MEAD, F. W. 1963.-A psyllid, Trioza magnoliae (Ash- 1-431. mead) (Hornoptera: Psyllidae). Ent. Circ. Ffa. Dept. WEISS, H. B. 1917.-The bay flea-louse, Trioza afacris Agr., 15: 1-2. Flor as a new pest in New Jersey. Can. Ent., 49,73-75. MILES, H. W. 1928.-The bay psyllid, Trioza afacris Flor. N. West. Nat., 3: 8-14. WEISS, H. B. and DICKERSON,E. L. 1918.-Notes on Trioza alacris Flor in New Jersey. Psyche, 25: 59-63. NGUYEN, T. X. and BOUYJOU, B. 1973.-Contribution A la connaissance, des psyllides de France. 1. Étude, WHI'E, 1. M. and HODKINSON,1. D. 1982.-Psylloidea morphologique des différents stades de Trioza alacris (Nyrnphal Stages). Handbk. Ident. Br. Insects, 2 (5b): (Hom. Psylloidea Triozidae). Annfs. Soc. ent. Fr. 1-50. (N.S.), 9: 989-1007. RAMfREZ G6MEz, c. 1960.-Los psílidos de Espaia. Recibido el 10 de julio de 1989 Boln. R. Soc. esp. Hist. nat., 57: 4-87. Aceptado el 15 de enero de 1990

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