NEW SPECIES OF PSYLLID FROM THE CANARY ISLANDS AND MADEIRA (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLOIDEA) I. D. Hodkinson *

ABSTRACT

Two new species of jumping plant louse, Livilla monospermae and laurisilvae, are described from the Canary Islands and Madeira. L. monospermae n. sp. is related to L. retamae (Puton), L. lautereni Hodkinson & Hollis, L. syriaca (Löw) and L. radiata (Förster). T. laurisilvae n. sp. is related to T. alacris Flor. Additional information is pre- sented on the distribution of several endemic species and Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Maskell) is recorded from the Canaries for the first time. Key words: Jumping plant lice, Psylloidea, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Madeira, Livilla mo- nospermae n. sp., Trioza laurisilvae n. sp., records, distribution, host-plants.

RESUMEN

Nuevas especies de psílidos de las Islas Canarias y Madeira (Homoptera: Psylloidea). Se describen dos nuevas especies de psílidos de las Islas Canarias y Madeira: Livilla mo- nospermae y Trioza laurisilvae. L. monospermae n. sp. está relacionada con L. retamae (Pu- ton), L. lautereni Hodkinson & Hollis, L. syriaca (Löw) y L. radiata (Förster). T. laurisil- vae n. sp. lo está con T. alacris Flor. Se dan nuevos datos sobre la distribución de varias especies endémicas y se cita Ctenarytaina eucalypti (Maskell) por primera vez de las Cana- rias Palabras clave: Psílidos, Psylloidea, Islas Canarias, Madeira, Livilla monospermae n. sp., Trioza laurisilvae n. sp., citas, distribución, plantas hospederas.

INTRODUCCION nes black; underside of head and thorax dark brown to black; antennae dirty yellow with apices of basal LOGINOVA (1976) described the psyllid fauna of segments black, segments 7-10 entirely black. Abdo- the Canary islands and Madeira from material collec- men, including terminalia, yellow brown becoming ted by the Finnish hemipterist Prof. Häkan Lindberg heavily marked with black in older specimens. Femo- between 1926-1963. ASHMOLE and ASHMOLE (1988) ra predominantly dark brown, tibiae predominantly later recorded several of these species in snowfield yellow. Forewing veins light brown; pattern (fig. 1) samples from Tenerife. This paper describes two new consisting of an irregular and incomplete apical trans- species, Livilla monospermae and Trioza laurisilvae, verse band of chocolate brown patterning and a more provides additional data for known species and adds diffuse and paler yellowish longitudinal clouding one further described species to the Canary Island along leading half of wing; remainder of forewing fauna. The status of the genus Lauritrioza Conci and clear. Tamanini, 1985 is discussed. Terminology follows Structure HODKINSON and WHITE (1979). Corresponding to the generic description of HOD- Livilla monospermae sp. n. KINSON and HOLLIS (1987). Head (fig. 2) weakly de- flexed, in same plane as thorax; eyes hemispherical. Colouration Antennae long and slender 2.47-2.86 times as long as Dorsal surface of head and thorax yellowish-oran- head width, with a single rhinaria on segments 4, 6, ge with darker brown markings, apices of genal co- 8 and 9. Genal cones slender and elongate, longer

* School of Natural Sciences. Liverpool Polytechnic. Byrom Street. Liverpool. L3 3AF. U.K.

Eos, 66 (1): 29-35 (1990) 29 I. D. HODKINSON than the vertex along the mid-line, little deflexed Comment from plane for vertex; genal cones and vertex with HODKINSON and HOLLIS (1987) revised the genus many elongate setae. Pronotum flat, propleurites Livilla, providing detailed descriptions and biblio- quadrate, divided by a vertical suture. graphies of the species, which were allocated to spe- Forewing (fig. 1) elongate, oblong-oval, somewhat cies groups. Livilla monospermae sp. n. belongs to parallel sided, 2.91-3.15 times as long as broad, the L. radiata (Förster, 1848) group, characterized 3.0-3.4 times as long as head width; costal break pre- by the upturned apex of vein Rs and the vein M 1 + 2, sent but incomplete, pterostigma rudimentary; vein which reaches the wing margin well before the wing Rs curved upwards at apex towards foremargin of apex. The group also includes L. retamae (Puton, wing; vein M strongly sinuous; vein M 1 + 2 meeting 1878), L. lautereni Hodkinson and Hollis, 1987 and wing margin well aboye apex; cell cu ia elongate, vein L. syriaca (Löw, 1882). Livilla monospermae can be Cu la moderately strongly curved; surface spinules separated from these species by the relatively longer celi C + around vein Cu2 and present in centre of Sc, and narrower forewing with a characteristic and dis- apical third wing; clusters denser radular spi- in of of tinctive pattern, the very long genal cones and diffe- m 1 + 2 , m and cuia. nules present at apices of celis rences in the shape of the male and female termina- Metatibia with well developed genual spine and ha. Livilla monospermae sp. n. is known only from with 1 + 3 + 1 thick black apical spurs, basal meta- Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. on Tenerife whereas tarsus without black spurs. Male proctiger (fig. 3) L. retamae feeds on Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss, simple; paramere (figs. 3, 4) of simple elongate la- R. raetam (Forskál) Webb and Berth. and R. monos- mellar form, broad basally, gradually tapering to perma around the Southern Mediterranean Basin narrow inwardly curved hooked apex; aedeagus from Spain to Israel. Retama monosperma grows on (fig. 5) with apical expansion elongately reniform, maritime sands in southwest Spain and S. Portugal rounded apically, ductus ejaculatorius elongate. Fe- where the associated psyllid is L. retamae rather than male terminalia (fig. 6) elongate, proctiger L. monospermae sp. n. (LOGINOVA, 1976). By con- 1.08-1.16 times as long as head width, dorsal margin trast, with the preceding species L. lautereni (host stepped posterior to the circumanal ring, with the lat- unknown) occurs in Algeria whereas L. radiata and ter 0.30-0.32 the length of the proctiger; subgenital L. syriaca feed on host-plants such as Genista spp., plate slightly shorter than proctiger, apically acute, Chamaecytisus spp. or Lembotropis spp. in Central ventral margin angled medially, setae as in figure 6. Europe or the Eastern Mediterranean respectively. Measurements (in mm) Trioza laurisilvae sp. n. Head width d' 0.85-0.93 y 0.89-0.92 Antennal length d' 2.32-2.45 2.22-2.33 y Colouration Forewing length d 2.74-2.80 y 2.78-3.09 Proctiger length d 0.46-0.48 y 0.97-1.04 Immature specimens yellow-orange throughout. Male paramere length 0.42-0.46 Mature specimens with dorsal surface of head and Male aedeagus length 0.35-0.39 thorax reddish-orange with dark brown and pale whi- tish markings; genal cones whitish; antennae whitish- Host-plant yellow with segments 9 and 10 dark brown; undersi- Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. subsp. rhodorrhi- de on thorax marked with dark brown; fore— and zoides Webb and Berth. mid—femora whitish yellow, hind femora dark brown, remainder of legs whitish yellow. Abdomen dark Type material brown with paler intersegmental membranes; termi- Holotype a, CANARY ISLANDS, Tenerife, nalia yellowish brown. Forewing veins yellowish 1 km N. of Santiago (Hodkinson) 18-XII-1988 (sude brown; membrane transparent with a uniform yello- mounted). Paratypes. Tenerife, 7 d, 3 y same data wish tinge. as holotype (sude and dry mounted). 1 d' 2 km S. of Structure Masca, nr. Santiago 18-XII-1988 (dry mounted). 14 d, 11 y , 1 nymph, Chio, N. W. of Guia (Wil- Corresponding to the generic description of HO- son) 9-111-1989 (dry mounted). 45 d, 23 y , Teno, LLIS (1984). Head (fig. 12) moderately deflexed from Masca-Santiago del Teide Rd. (Hollis) 16-V-1987, on plane of thorax, eyes relatively large somewhat flat- Retama monosperma (dry mounted and in spirit). tened; vertex quadrate, genal cones broadly triangu- Holotype and most paratypes are in the collections lar, shorter than length of vertex; antennae 1.31-1.45 of the British Museum (Natural History). Remaining times as long as head width with single conspicuous paratypes in the author's collection. rhinaria on segments 4, 6, 8 and 9.

30 Eos, 66 (1): 29-35 (1990) NEW PSYLLIDS FROM CANARY ISLANDS AND MADEIRA

1 2

4 3 5

9 Figs. 1-10.-1) L. monospermae sp. n. forewing. 2) L. monospermae sp. n. head, dorsal view. 3) L. monospermae sp. n. termina- ha laterallateral view. 4) L. monospermae sp. n. d right paramere, outer view. 5) L. monospermae sp. n. aedeagus. 6) L. monospermae sp. n. y terminalia, lateral view. 7) T. laurisilvae sp. n. y terminalia, lateral view. 8) T. laurisilvae sp. n. ovipositor. 9) T. alacris ovi- positor. 10) T. alacris y terminalia, lateral view.

Eos, 66 (1): 29-35 (1990) 31 I. D. HODKINSON

Forewing (fig. 11) with typical Trioza venation, Azores, 1 cf Pico, Porto Cachorro 8-12. VIII-1987 with angular apex, 2.65-2.89 as long as maximum (Ashmole). breadth; pterostigma and costal break absent, vein Holotype and most paratypes are in the collections Rs strongly angled, meeting anterior margin at about of the British Museum (Natural History). Remaining the point of bifurcation of M; cells m 1 , 2 and cula re- paratypes in the author's collection. latively small, vein Cu ia evenly arched; vein Cu2 mee- ting margin at some distance from apex of vein Cuib; Comment radular spinules present at apices of cells m l , 2, m and cu ia , surface spinules absent from cells of fore- Trioza laurisilvae sp. n. was recorded from Madei- wing. Metatibia with genual spine very small and with ra, Tenerife, La Palma, Gomera and Gran Canaria 2 + 1 thick black apical spurs; basal metatarsus lac- as the closely related species Trioza alacris Flor, 1861 king black spurs. by LOGINOVA (1976). The two species are, however, Male proctiger (fig. 15) very small, little longer morphologically distinct. They can be separated by than paramere, posterior margin broadly rounded, the following couplet. sparsely hairy; paramere (figs. 15, 16) broad, ap- 1. Forewing (fig. 11) broadly acute in apical proximately parallel sided, bent anteriorly in apical third, vein Rs extending to point of bifurcation of M, two-thirds, tapering to a broadly acute apex that strongly angled in middle. Male terminalia bears a small inner denticle; in inner view with a lon- (figs. 15, 16) relatively small, proctiger shorter than gitudinal line of stout setae on inner surface and a paramere. Aedeagus (fig. 17). Female terminalia cluster of longer more slender setae on the posterio- (figs. 7, 8). Head (fig. 12). (Laurel forest (laurisilva) basal margin; aedeagus (fig. 17) with apical extension on Canary Is., Madeira, Azores) broad, with a narrow anterior hook-shaped exten- sion. Female terminalia (fig. 7) relatively long, proc- T. laurisilvae sp. n tiger 0.77-0.83 times as long as head width, anterior Forewing (fig. 13) narrowly acute in apical margin indistinct, dorsal margin sinuous beyond the third, vein Rs shorter, evenly curved, reaching ante- circumanal ring which is 0.36-0.40 times the length rior margin well before bifurcation of M. Male ter- of the proctiger; subgenital plate triangular, slightly minalia (figs. 18, 19) relatively larger, proctiger lon- shorter than proctiger. Ovipositor (fig. 8) broadly ger than paramere. Aedeagus (fig. 20). Female ter- triangular. minalia (figs. 9, 10). Head (fig. 14) [on nobi- lis throughout the Mediterranean Basin, Crimea, Measurements (in mm) Caucasus, N. & S. America (introd )] T alacris Flor Head width d' 0.51-0.57 y 0.51-0.58 Antennal length (25' 0.75-0.77 y 0.76-0.77 Full comparative descriptions of T. alacris are gi- ven by Low (1886), SuLc (1912), CRAWFORD Forewing length d' 2.65-2.78 y 2.59-2.93 Proctiger length d' 0.21-0.23 y 0.87-0.98 (1914), MILES (1928), TUTHILL (1943), VONDRACEK Male paramere length 0.19-0.20 (1957), RAMÍREZ GÓMEZ (1960), LOGINOVA (1964), Male aedeagus length 0.18-0.19 NGUYEN and BOUYJOU (1973), SAMPO (1977), HOD- KINSON and WHITE (1979), WHITE and HODKINSON Host-plant (1982), CONCI and TAMANINI (1985). Trioza lauri- silvae sp. n. is primarily associated with the laurel fo- Unknown, see comment. rests of the Canary Islands group. The host-plant is unknow but is almost certainly one or more of the en- Type material demic Canary Island laurels, (Seub.) Holotype d', CANARY ISLANDS, Tenerife, Franco, Ocotea foetens (Aiton) Benth., Persea indi- Monte de las Mercedes nr. Barranco de Pedro Alva- ca (L.) Spreng. or Apollonias barbujana (Cav.) rez, in laurel forest, 19-XII-1988 (Hodkinson) (sude Bornm. LOGINOVA (1976) records Laurus as the host mounted). Paratypes 12 C, 12 y same data as ho- but does not include larvae in the material examined. lotype (sude and dry mounted). MADEIRA 31 C, Trioza alacris feeds on sweet bay, L., 24 y. Pico Arieiro 9-X-1981 by sweeping (Van Har- a cultivated shrub native to the east Mediterranean. ten) (dry mounted and in alcohol), 2 cr, 6 y beaten Laurus nobilis has been widely transported and its from Erica arborea 10-X-1981 (Van Harten), 7 C, status as a native plant in the west Mediterranean is 6 y Ribeiro Frio (900 m) 9-X-1981 by beating (Van doubtful (TuTiN et al., 1964). It has been introduced Harten). 8 C, 3 y, by sweeping 10-X-1981 (Van along with T. alacris into both North and South Harten). 1 d', 1 y, Eira do Serrado (1200 m) America, Crimea and the Caucasus (CRAWFORD, 3-X-1981, beaten from Erica arborea (Van Harten). 1912; WEISS, 1917; ESSIG, 1917; LIZER, 1918; WEISS

32 Eos, 66 (1): 29-35 (1990) NEW PSYLLIDS FROM CANARY ISLANDS AND MADEIRA

12

14

15 16 18

19

17 20

Figs. 11-20.-11) T. laurisilvae sp. n. forewing. 12) T. laurisilvae sp. n. head, dorsal view. 13) T. alacris forewing. 14) T. alacris head, dorsal view. 15) T. laurisilvae sp. n. d terminalia, lateral view. 16) T. laurisilvae sp. n.d left paramere, inner view. 17) T. laurisilvae sp. n. aedeagus. 18) T. alacris y terminalia, lateral view. 19) T. alacris o" left paramere, inner view. 20) T. alacris aedeagus.

Eos, 66 (1): 29-35 (1990) 33 I. D. HODKINSON and DICKERSON, 1918; DRATHEN, 1929; KLYVER, Arytainilla proboscidea (Loginova, 1976) 1931, 1932; COSTA LIMA, 1942; LOGINOVA, 1964; GEGECHKORI, 1984; BURCKHARDT, 1988). It is pro- On Adenocarpus viscosus (Willd.) Webb and bable that T. alacris and T. laurisilvae sp. n. are geo- Berth. Tenerife, Portillo de las Cañadas 17-XII-1988. graphically isolated sister species. This species appears confined to the high mountain CONCI and TAMANINI (1985) claimed that T. ala- zone. cris was sufficiently distinct from the rest of Trioza warrant generic status and they erected the mo- to (Loginova, 1976) notypic genus Lauritrioza with T. alacris as type spe- Arytainilla nigralineata of Trioza was not recog- cies. This fine subdivision Adenocarpus foliosus (Ait.) DC. Tenerife, of Trioza and On nised by HOLLIS (1984) in his review Monte de las Mercedes near Barranco de Pedro Al- CONCI and TAMANINI (1985) did not related genera. varez. 19-XII-1988. 5 km north of Arafo. This of T. alacris to other rela- examine the relationships proboscidea at Europe. psyllid/plant association replaces A. ted Lauraceae-feeding species from outside lower altitudes. A preliminary review of the literature suggests that the following species may be related but detailed exa- mination of type material is required: Trioza magno- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS liae Ashmead, 1881 (see MEAD, 1963), T. ocoteae I thank Mr. A. Van Harten and Dr. N. P. Ashmole who sent Houard, 1933 (see BURCKHARDT, 1988), T. anceps material that supplemented my own collections and Steve Muddi- Tuthill, 1944, T. perseae Tuthill, 1959, T. camphorae man who mounted some of the specimens. Sasaki, 1910, T. cinnamomi Boselli, 1930, T. exote- rica Yang, 1984, T. monsalvei Burckhardt, 1988, T. litseae Bordage, 1913, T. xylopia Hollis, 1984, REFERENCES Homotrioza beilschmediae Yang, 1984, Ozotrioza ASHMOLE, N. P. and ASHMOLE, M. J. 1988.- dis- laurinearum Kieffer, 1905, Heterotrioza noknamui persal on Tenerife, Canary Islands: high altitude fallout Kwon and Lee, 1981, H. chilgia Park and Lee, 1980. and seaward drift. Arctic Alpine Res., 20: 1-12. Until a comprehensive revision is completed and BURCKHARDT, D. 1988.-Jumping plant lice (Homoptera: the temperate neotropical region. Part 3: of these species is understood, the Psylloidea) of the relationships Calophyidae and . Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 92: Trioza laurisilvae status of Lauritrioza is in doubt. 115-191. sp. n. is thus retained with T. alacris in Trioza until CONCI, C. and TAMANINI, L. 1985.-Lauritrioza n. gen., the validity of Lauritrioza can be indisputably esta- for Trioza alacris (Homoptera: Psylloidea). Atti. Soc. blished. ital. Sci. nat., 126: 237-256. COSTA LIMA, A. M. 1942.-Insetos do Brasil. Homopte- ros 3. Imprenso National, Rio de Janeiro. CRAWFORD, D. L. 1912.-A new insect pest (Trioza ala- ADDITIONAL RECORDS cris Flor.). Bull. Calif State Comm. Hort., 1: 86-87. CRAWFORD, D. L. 1914.-A monograph of the jumping World. Bull. U.S. Ctenalytaina eucalypti (Maskell, 1890) plant lice of Psyllidae of the New natn. Mus., 85: 1-182. F., en Chile. Rey- Tenerife, between Esperanza DRATHEN, P. T. 1929.-Trioza alacris On Eucalyptus sp. ta. chil. Hist. nat., 33: 53. and La Laguna, 17-XII-1988. A new record for the ESSIG, E. O. 1917.-The tomato and laurel psyllids. J. Canary Islands for this introduced Australian species. Econ. Ent., 10: 433-444. GEGECHKORI, A. M. 1984.-Psyllids (Homoptera, Psylloi- dea) of the Caucasus. Academy Nauk Gruz. SSR, Tibli- si. Strophingia arborea (Loginova, 1976) HODKINSON, I. D. and HOLLIS, D. 1987.-The legume- feeding psyllids (Homoptera) of the west Palaearctic Tenerife, Monte de las Mer- Region. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), 56: 1-86. On Erica arborea L. M. 1979.-Homoptera: cedes near Barranco de Pedro Alvarez, 19-XII-1988 HODKINSON, I. D. and WHITE, I. Psylloidea. Handbk. Ident. Br. ., 2 (5a): 1-98. Aboye Aguamansa 17-XII-1988. HOLLIS, D. 1984.-Afrotropical jumping lice of the family. Triozidae (Homoptera: Psylloidea). Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), 49: 1-102. KIEFFER, J. J. 1905.-Etude sur de nouveaux insectes et Arytainilla nubivaga (Loginova, 1976) Phvtoptides gallicoles du Bengale. Annls. Soc. scient. Brux- ., 29: 143-200. On Spartocytisus supranubius (L.) Webb and KLYVER, F. D. 1931.-California psyllids of present and Berth. Tenerife, Montaña Roja. 17-XII-1988. Porti- potential economic importance. Mon. Bull. Dep. llo de las Cañadas 17-XII-1988. Agric. St. Calif., 20: 691-697.

34 Eos, 66 (1): 29-35 (1990) NEW PSYLLIDS FROM CANARY ISLANDS AND MADEIRA

KLYVER , F. D. 1932.-Biological notes and new records SAMPO, A. 1977.-La psilla del lauro ( Trioza alacris of North American Chermidae (Homoptera). Em'. Flor.). 11 Floricultore, 14: 79-83. News, 43: 33-40. SuLc, K. 1912.-Monographia generis Trioza Foerster. LIZER, C. 1918.-Sobre la presencia en Argentina de un Species regionis palearcticae. Part III. Sber. K. böhm. psílido exótico. (Trioza alacris F.). An. Zool. apl., 5: Ges. Wiss., 1-63. 16-21. TUTHILL, L. D. 1943.-The psyllids of North America LOGINOVA, M. M. 1964.-Suborder Psyllinea-jumping north of Mexico (Psyllidae: Homoptera) (subfamilies plant lice. In Bei-Bienko, G. Ya ed.: Keys to the in- Psyllinae and Triozinae). Iowa St. Coll. J. Sci., 17: sects of the European USSR. 1. Opredeliteli po Faune 443-660. SSR. 84: 437-482. TUTIN, T. G.; HEYWOOD, V. LOGINOVA, M. M. 1976.-Psyllids (Psylloidea, Homopte- H.; BURGES, N. A.; VALEN- TINE, D. ra) of the Canary Islands and Madeira. H.; WALTERS, S. M. and WEBB, D. A. Commentat. (eds.).-Flora Europaea. Biol., 81: 1-37. Vol. 1, Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Lów, F. 1886.-Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Psylliden. 464 pp. Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien., 32: 227-254. VONDRACEK, K. 1957.-Mery Psylloidea. Fauna CSR, 9: MEAD, F. W. 1963.-A psyllid, Trioza magnoliae (Ash- 1-431. mead) (Homoptera: Psyllidae). Em'. Circ. Fla. Dept. Agr., 15: 1-2. WEISS, H. B. 1917.-The bay flea-louse, Trioza alacris MILES, H. W. 1928.-The bay psyllid, Trioza alacris Flor. Flor as a new pest in New Jersey. Can. Em'., 49, 73-75. N. West. Nat., 3: 8-14. WEISS, H. B. and DICKERSON, E. L. 1918.-Notes on NGUYEN, T. X. and BOUYJOU, B. 1973.-Contribution ä Trioza alacris Flor in New Jersey. Psyche, 25: 59-63. la connaissance, des psyllides de France. 1. Etude, WHITE, I. M. and HODKINSON, I. D. 1982.-Psylloidea morphologique des différents stades de Trioza alacris (Nymphal Stages). Handbk. Ident. Br. Insects, 2 (5b): (Horn. Psylloidea Triozidae). Annls. Soc. ent. Fr. 1-50. (N.S.), 9: 989-1007. RAMÍREZ GÓMEZ, C. 1960.-Los psílidos de España. Recibido el 10 de julio de 1989 Boln. R. Soc. esp. Hist. nat., 57: 4-87. Aceptado el 15 de enero de 1990

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