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Taxonomic Botany Additional Series No. 19, 2001

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Taxonomic Botany Additional Series No. 19, 2001 Reprints from: ISSN: 0970-3306 Journal of Economic & Taxonomic Botany Additional Series No. 19, 2001 (Recent Researches in Plant Anatomy and Morphology) Editor J.K. MAHESHWARI Associate Editor A.P.JAIN ~' ·. .. .. ' , SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS (INDIA) . P.O. Box 91 JODHPUR ·. : - SEED MORPHOLOGY OF SOME TAXA OF ASTERACEAE M. lDU & A.C. OMONHINMIN Department of Botany, University of Benin, P.M. B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria ABSTRACT Seed morphology of 136 species distributed in 68 genera have been described. Of these, seed morphology of 51 genera are described for the first time. Systematic keys based on seed morphology for the identification of genera have been provided. INTRODUCTION The characteristics of the seeds, apart the Asteraceae, besides the testa proper, from differences in the development of an have additional coats derived from reduced aril, have been little used m the calyx. Sometimes those layers and the seed classification of most seeds. coat proper are so intimately associated The orientation, colour, thickness and that it becomes difficult to distingui~h the measurements which make up the individual layers. The coats of some seeds morphometries differ considerably from are expanded into wings while others bear taxa to taxa. The differences in the shape tuffs of hairs. In other cases, similar and size apparently varied considerably structures are derived from the fruit (e.g. between and within different taxa. (Gill the pappus of many Asteraceae). and Omoigui, 1988; Gunn, 1972), so that Information on the seed morphology of rather few· of the accumulated data bear Asteraceae is not forthcoming, the only directly on the problem of tribal· and classical work are those of Martin and genetic relationship. Burkley (1973) who gave the seed morphology of 35 genera. Corner (1976) Martin and Burkley (1973) indicated described in general terms the seed that the ability to recognize seeds as an anatomy and morphology of about 37 important diagnostic feature has become genera. Gill and Omoigui (1988) described more essential in modern scientific achene morphology of 16 species from . the agriculture, as without it, there will be tribe Heliantheae. Recently, Ayodele (1995) little merit in perfecting methods of gave the achene morphology of the genus growing useful plant. Vernonia from Nigeria. Many cereal grains, and the achenes of To fill the gap in the knowledge of seed I Idu & Omonhinmin morphology, the present study has been continue to be generally neglected by taken up and present the seed morphology taxonomist. The lack of reliable seed of 136 species distributed in 61 genera of morphological data has hindered the these ~ only 16 genera were described by identification of isolated seeds and reduced Martin and Burkley (1973). their significance in the phytogenic consideration of the taxa consign. Many MATERIALS AND METHODS floras do not highlight the taxonomic value of seed characteristics. Several workers Seeds of 136 taxa from 68 genera were · who had earlier · contributed to the obtained from Botanischen Garten and morphological features of seeds in this Botanischen museum, Berlin-Dahlerri family include Singh (1964), Sehgal (1966), Koniginluise strasse, Germany. Voucher of Dittrich (1968) an d Vaughan (1970). They the seeds examined are kept in the Botany described them as small, enclosed in the Department of the University of ·Benin, achene, with thin papery seed coat. Corner Benin-City, Nigeria. The. general (1976), noted th at most botanists are terminology used for describing the seed satisfied with the external fetures of the morphology is that of Gunn and Barnes achene and a fe w have enquired into the (1977), Martin and Burkley (1973) and Gill development of the embryo and ovule. et al. (1993). Ten seeds wen~ examined for Little attention h as been given to the seed each sample. Depending on the seed size, coat since the time of Kuhn (1927). It is seeds were examined under stereoscope clear, nevertheless, the seed coat has not U sch and combdissecting microscope fitted completely deteriorated in the achene but with light or vernier callipers ~ The colour of has retained . the exotesta palisade. seed was determined by c'omparing the However, in the present work, the testa seed colour with "Colour for specific surface is classified as smooth (Aster), Purpose" Anon. (1964). The seed outline puckered (Senecio) and rarely wrinkled was drawn with seed surface fitted in by (Chaptalia); glossy (Crepis) to dull examining the seed under a dissecting (Tanacetum), coarsely ridged with pappus stereoscopic microscope and a magnifying and seed colour often brown, light, grey and lamp, each equipped with fluorescent light. yellow. The seed shape varies from oblong to . obovate, cylindrical, ellipsoidal and RESULTS lanceolate. Other features of the seeds are winged as exemplified in Coreopsis In the present contribution, the results lanceolata and hairs e.g. in Conyza are presented in two parts, the first contain bonariensis and Aster tripolium. Seed size the study on seed morphometries and ranges from 1.2 mm in Pulicaria secondly, illustration of line drawing. The dystenterica to 27 mm in Tragopogon taxonomic arrangement of the genera and tommasinii. Before now, Corner (1976) taxa studied under this family is gave general features in this family, Gill alphabetical. and Omoigui (1988) gave features of 16 species from Heliantheae. Of the presently DISCUSSION investigated 68 genera, 17 were already described by Martin and Burkley (1973). Of c ·omparative seed morphology 2 Rece nt Researches in Plant Anatomy & Morphology the remaining 51 genera, 13 were tropical, whitish on the dark body, no pappus. Size range 23 temperate and 15 cosmopolitan in 1.2 mm x 0.2 mm x 0.2 mm. Halos not apparent, distribution. no funicular margin. ·Hilum recessed, oblong - ellipsoidal, no lotoid split and rim aril. Lens not From taxonomic point of view, the apparent. Size 0. 03 mm x 0.02 mm. Mjcropylar morphology of seeds is of great value and pit not apparent. the seed characteristics, support the Achillea crithmifolia Waldst. & Kit. (Fig. 4 ) concept of use in better understanding of (DPS 0330) the systematic of these taxa. The science of Seed smooth, dull, monochromatic brown, seed identification has become increasingly flat obovate - oblong, the thin margins whitish on the brown body, truncate . at the top and important in modern scientific agriculture narrowed to a rounded base. Size range 1 mm x- and without it, there would be little use in 0.2 mm x 0.2 mm. Halos not apparent, no perfecting the methods of cultivating useful funicular margin. Hilum recessed, oblong - plants. Over the years the knowledge of ellipsoidal, no lotoid split and rim-aril. Lens not seed characteristics has been used to meet apparent. Size 0. 03 mm x 0.03 mm. Micropylar the needs for correct labelling of seeds in pit not apparent. commercial channels to detect the Achillea grandifolia Friv. (Fig. 5) (DPS 0332) adulteration, potential toxic plant Seed puckered, dull, monochromatic brown, flat oblong - obovate, margins forms materials and to assure consumer of high thick whitish surface on the brown body, quality seeds. truncate at the top also narrowed a rounded Achillea L. base, no pappus. Size range 2 mm x 0.3 mm x 0.3 mm. Halos not apparent, no .funicular Achillea abrotanoides (Vis.) Vis. (Fig. 1) (DPS margin. Hilum recessed, oblong - ellipsoidal,·no 0325) lotoid split and rim- aril. Lens not apparent. Size 0.08 mm x 0.07 mm. Micropylar pit not Seed puckered, glossy, dichromatic cream apparent. on brown, flat oblong, truncate at the top and narrowed to a rounded base, pappus none. Size Achillea millefolium.L. (Fig. 6) (DPS 0334) range 2 mm . x 0.5 mm x 0.5 mm. Halos not Seed smooth, glossy, dull, monochromatic apparent, no funicular margin. Hilum recessed,· brown, covered with thick whitish thin margins, oblong-ellipsoidal, no lotoid split and rim aril. flat oblong, no pappus, truncate at the top Lens not apparent. Size 0.09 mm x 0.1 mm. narrowed to a rounded base. Size range 2 mm x Micropylar pit not apparent. 0.5 mm x 0.2 mm. Halos not apparent, rio Achillea ageratum L. (Fig. 2) (DPS 0327) funicular margin. Hilum recessed, oblong ~ Seed smooth, glossy-dull, monochromatic ellipsoidal, no lotoid split and rim-aril. Lens not dark brown, .flat- oblong, thin margins whitish apparent. Size 0.07 mm x 0.08 mm. Micropylar and the body dark, no pappus, truncate at the pit not apparent. top and narrowed to a rounded base. Size range Achillea ptarmica L. (Fig. 7) (DPS 0335) 2 mm x 1 mm x 1 mm, Halos not apparent, no . Seed smooth , dull, monochromatic brown, funicular margin. Hilum recessed, . oblong­ flat obovate " oblong, truncate. at the top and ellipsoidal, no lotoia split and rim-aril. Lens not narrowed to a rounded base, no pappus, thin apparent. Size 0.1 mm x 0.1 mm. Micropylar pit margins dense white on the brown body. Size not apparent. range 2 mm x 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm. Halos not . Achillea coarctata Pciiret (Fig. 3) (DPS 0328) apparent, no funicular margin. Hi1um recessed, Seed smooth, dull, monochromatic brown, oblong - ellipsoidal, no lotoid split and rim-aril. flat oblong-obovate, truncate at the top and Lens not apparent. Size 0.1 mm x 0.09 mm. narrowed to a rounded base, the thin margins Micropylar pit not apparent. 3 Idu & Omonhinmin Achillea teretifolia Willd. (Fig. 8) (DPS 0336) Antennaria Gaertner Seed puckered, dull, monochromatic brown, thin margins whitish on the brown body, Antennaria alpina (L.) Gaertner (Fig. 12) flat oblong, truncate at the top and narrowed a (DPS 0340) rounded base, no pappus. Size range 1.9 mm x Seed smooth, dull, monochromatic brown, 0.9 mm x 0.9 mm. Halos not apparent, no oblong, no visible lengthwise ridges or line funicular margin.
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