THE DEVELOPMENT OF HERBACEOUS PLANTING IN BRITAIN AND GERMANY FROM THE NINETEENTH TO EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY

Volume 11

Of 2 Volumes

ii

IsabelleVan Groeningen Thesissubmitted for the degreeof Doctorin Philosophy Universityof York Instituteof AdvancedArchitectural Studies May 1996 ST COPY

AVAILA L

Variable print quality Appendix 1: Summer Flowering Plants Listed by Philip Miller in 1731

APPENDIX 1: SUMMER FLOWERING PLANTS LISTED BY PHILIP MILLER IN 1731 Source: Miller, Philip: The Gardener'sDictionary, 1731

Notes: 1. The following list was published by Miller indicating what was flowering in the months of June,July, August and September,which are the four months during which the majority of herbaceousplants flower. The nomenclatureof Miller's nameshas, where possible,been updatedand addedbetween brackets with the help of Tony Lord. 2. The nomenclatureor identity of plants marked with a? is uncertain. acanthus(Acanthus spp.) aloes (Aloe vera) althaeafrutex (Hibiscus syriacus) amaranthus(Amaranthus sp. ) amaranthoides(globe amaranth:Gomphrena globosa) annual stock, July-flowers (Matthiola incana) antirrhinum or calves snouts(Antirrhinum majus), apocynum (Millees Apocynum contains severalspecies from Asclepiadeaeand Apocynaceae:Asclepias, Rhabdadenia,Echites, Forsteronia, Prestonia as well as Apocynum asters(Aster spp.) auricula,(Primula auricula) autumn hyacinth (Polyxena corymbosa) autumn crocus (Crocus speciosus) autumnalis * balsamines(Impatiens balsamina) bean caper (Zygophyllum) bloody cranesbill (Geranium sanguineum) blue featheredhyacinth (Muscari comosummonstrosum) broad-leavedupright lily of the valley (Convallaria lati/blia or Polygonatum spp) bulbous irises (Iris xiphium) bulbous fiery lily (Lilium bulbiferum) buphthalmumsof sorts (probalby Anthemis spp.) campanulas(Campanula spp.) candytuft (Iberis sempervirens) Canterbury bells (Campanula medium) Capsicum indicum (Capsicum annuum) cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) carnations(Dianthus caryophyllus) catchfly (Silene diolca and S. viscosa) china pink (Dianthus chinensis) chrysanthemums(Chrysanthemum)

Page525 Appendix 1: SummerFlowering Plants Listed by Philip Miller in 1731

colchicurn (Colchicum autumnale) columbines (Aquilegia) Colutea aethiopica (Sutherlandiaftutescens) convulvulus (Convolvulus lineatus and otherspecies, as well as Jpomeq) cotyledons (including Crassula arborescens and Kalanchoe spp. and other Crassulacea genera) cyclamen (Cyclamen sp) daizies (Bellisperennis) day lily (Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus) deep red apocynum (Apocynum or Asclepias curasavica ?) double and single sweet williams (Dianthus barbatus) double soap wort (Saponaria officinalis plena) double ragged Robin (Lychnisflos-cuculipleniflora) double ptarmica or sneezewort (Achilleaptarmica) double camomile (Chamaemelum nobile'Flore Pleno') double white mountain ranunculus (Ranunculus aconitifoliusflore pleno) double ptarmica or sneezewort (Achilleaptarmicaflorepleno) double white lily (Lilium candidum'Plenum') double rose campion (Lychnis coronaria - double form) double perennial catchfly (Silene dioica'Flore Pleno'= ten week stock) dwarf annual stocks (Matthiola incana annua) dwarf lychnis (Silene Gallica var. quinquevulnera) eternal flowers (Xeranthemum, Gomphrena, Helychrysum) everlasting peas (Lathyrus latifolius) fairchild's mule (Dianthus caryophyllus x barbatus) female balsamine (Impatiens balsamina) Flammula Jovis (Clematis) flos adonis (Adonis) foxgloves (Digitalisferruginea) fraxinella white and red (Dictamnus alhus) French and African marigolds (Tagetes patula and T erecta) French willow (Epilobium latifolium) French white and red honeysuckle (Hedysarum coronarium) Fritillaria corassa (Stapelia hirsuta, Orbea variegata) gentianellas (Gentiana acaulis) geranium (Pelargonium spp.) gladiolus (Watsonia merianiae golden Rod (Solidago sp. ) great gentian (Gentiana lutea and G. asclepiadea) great blue bottle (Centaurea montana) Greek valerian with blue and white flowers (Polemonium caeruleum cvs. ) Guernsey lily (Nerine sarniensis) belladonna lillies (Amaryllis belladonna) hieraciums (Hieracium spp., Crepis spp., Tolpis barbata)

Page526 Appendix 1: SummerFlowering Plants Listed by Philip Miller in 1731 hollyhocks (Alcaea rosea) Indian pinks (Dianthus chinensis) Indian figs (Opuntia) Indian scabious(Scabiosa atropurpurea) jasmine (Jasminumsp. ) I larkspurs (Consolida or Delphinium) Lavatera leucanthernumor ox-eyed daisy (Anthemiscretica, Argyranthemumfrutescensand other odd speciesfrom Chrysathemum) linarias (Linaria sp) lobels (Rapuntium spp.) lupins of sorts (Lupinus sp.) lychnideas (Phlox spp.) lychnis from the Alps, deepred flowers (Lychnis alpina) martagons(Lilium martagon) marvel of Peru (Mirabilisjalapa) moly's (Alium moly and other broad-leavedAllium spp.) moly's virgin bower (Clematisfiammula) monk's hood (Aconitum sp.) ' mountain smooth leaved and Alpine blue seaholly (Eryngium spp.) myrtles (Myrtus communis) Nasturtium indicum.(Tropaeolum) nettle-leavedcampanula with blue and white flowers (Campanula trachelium) single and double nigella (Nigella damascena) old mansheadpinks (Dianthus cultivars) orange lily (Lilium bulbiferum var croceum) orange (Citrus spp.) ornithogalum (Ornithogalum spp.) painted lady (Dianthus cultivars) papaver (Papaver spp.) passion flower (Passiflora sp.) peach-leavedcampanula (Campanulapersicifolia) persicaria (Persicaria sp.) perywinkle (Vinca sp.) Phalangium (Anthericum spp. or Bulbine spp.) pinks (Dianthus spp. and cvs) polyanthus (Primula x polyantha) red, white and gardenvalerian (Centranthusruber) red and white, double and single, batchelor'sbuttons (Silene dioica, S. dioica'Flore Plena!,S. latifolia subsp.alba and S. latifolia subsp.alba 'Multiplex') red valerian (Centranthus ruber) rose campions, double and single, white and red (Lychnis coronaria) saffron (Crocus sativus) Savoy and Tradescant'sspiderwort (Tradescantia virginiana)

UNIVERSITY OFYORK LIBRARY Appendix 1: SummerFlowering Plants Listed by Philip Miller in 1731 scabiosa(Scabiosa and Succisaspp. ) scarletmartagon (Liliumpomponium) scarlet lychnis (Lychnis chalcedonica) scarlet beans(Phaseolus coccineus) scorpion se(n)na(Hypocrepis emerus) seadaffodil (Pancratium maritimum, P. illyricum alos other spp. and Hymenocallis spp.) seaholly (Eryngium maritimum) searagwort (Cineraria and Seneciocineraria) sedurns(Sedum, Aeonium and Sempervivumspp. ) Sir George Wheeler'stutsan (Hypericum x inodorum?) snapdragon (Antirrhinum sp.) Spanishfigwort (Scrophularia sambucifolia) starworts (Aster and Callistephus spp.) stock-gilliflower (Matthiolia incana) stramoniums(Datura spp.) striped white lily (Lilium candidum cv.) sunflowers (Helianthus sp.) sweetsultan (Amberboa moschata) sweet,pea (Lathyrus odoratus) sweet-scentedpea (Lathyrus odoratus) thorn apples(Datura spp.) thrifts (Armeriamaritima and spp. ) treeprimrose (Oenothera spp. ) treemallow (Lavateraarborea or L. mauritanicaand other spp. ) tuberoses(Polianthes tuberosa) Venusnavelwort (Omphalodes verna, 0. finifolia andother spp. ) Venus,looking-glass (Legousia speculum-veneris Virginian spiderwort(Tradescantia sp. ) white hellebore(Veratrum spp. ) white wall flowersdouble and single(Erysimum cheiri) yellow perennialand white tangierftunitories (Corydafis spp. )

Page528 Appendix 2: HerbaceousPerennials at Hartwell, 1799

APPENDIX 2: HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS AT HARTWELL, 1799

Source: Harvey, JohnH., " The Plantsat Hartwell 1799,Identified", GardenHistory, Vol. 18. No 2 p. 143

Notes: 1. Thefollowing list is an extractof theplants John Harvey attempted to identify from the Hartwell Plans. 2. * denotesthe plant maybe treatedas an annual. 3. John Harvey was uncertain about the identification or nomenclature of the plants marked with a questionmark:

Achillea tomentosa -yellow yarrow Aconiturn napellus - monkshood Althaea rosea - hollyhock * Anemone coronaria plena, A. hortensis - anemones Antirrhinum. majus - snapdragon Aquilegia vulgaris - columbine ? Asphodeline lutea, A. albus, A. microcarpus- asphodele Aster ? A. ? dumosus,A. ? A. ?tradescantii, A. ? amellus , ericoides, Umbellatus- Michaelmas daisy Delphiniumelaturn - beelarkspur Dianthussylvestris - dwarf Pink Dictamnusalbus - fraxinella Filipendula ulmaria - meadow sweet Geranium ? pratense- tall geranium, G. tuberosum- low purple geranium Helianthus decapetalusplenus - sunflower *, Helianthus giganteus- tall sunflower

? Hieracium aurantiacurn- mouseear?, H. ? pilosella - mouseear, H. umbellatum - tall yellow hawkweed Iberis ? gibraltarica Lillium candidurn - white lily Linaria ? purpurea Lychnis (viscaria) alpina - mountain lychnis, L. coronaria - rose campion, L. flos- cuculi pleniflora. - double ragged robin Malva alcea - tall red mallow Muscari commosum Miller monstrosum('PlumosurW) - fringed hyacinth * Nicotiana rustica - henbane Papaverorientale plenum - scarletpoppy Phlox maculata,purpurea Polemonium caeruleum- Jacob'sladder Saxifraga umbrosa - London pride Page529 Appendix 2: HerbaceousPerennials at Hartwell, 1799

Scabiosacretica - Cretan scabious Solidago canadensis- golden rod * ? Tolpis barbata- purple hawkweed Valeriana phu - valerian Verbascumphoenicum - red mullin Veronica ? Incana, V. ? longifolia - speedwell*, V. (Veronicastrum)virginica - tall speedwellck Viola odorataflore pleno - double purple violet, blue violet, V. tricolor - Heartsease.

Page530 Appendix 3: Analysis of C.D. 's Plantlist in The GardeneesMagazine, 1831

APPENDIX 3: ANALYSIS OF C.D. 'S PLANTLIST IN THE GARDENER'S MAGAZINE, 1831 Source: D., C., Baillie, W. 'Plan SelectList Plants for Flower Garden and , and of a in the Ancient Style', The Gardener'sMagazine, Vol 7,183 1, 298-302, (Planby . pp. C.D., list by Mr W. Baillie of Dropmore Gardens)

Thelist, whichaccompanies illustration 49 in chapter3.4.2, contains the plants which weregrowing in thebeds of a flowergarden with eighty-sevenflowerbeds and bordes. Therewere two setsof plantsfor eachbed, one for summerand autumn display, the other for winter and springdisplay. Some beds contained the sameplants all year round,others changed with the seasons.'Mere was a total of thirty-twobeds in which thesame plants were listed for thewinter and summer seasons, though it is not always clearif C.D. wantedthe plants to remainin situ or whetherthey were replanted. Only on six occasionsdid he providethe readerwith any culturalinformation. This was for Delphinium ajacis which had to be sown in February,and Oxalis cernua, Leucojumvernum, Ixia crocataand L fenestraliswhich all hadto be plungedin pots for the winter andspring season. Of the eighty-sevenbeds, six werefor'A mingledflower-border', four'Herbaceous plantswith annualsor bulbs',two'Herbaceous border with choiceplants or bulbs',two 'Selectedherbaceous plants'and three for'Bulbs, variousbulbs or early bulbs'.

Notes: 1. Names in betweenbrackets give updatednomenclature. 2. A annual or biennial HP herbaceousperennial S. shrub or sub shrub B bulb, cormor tuber tender hardyin British Isles -Tý or not reliably 3. Thenumbers in front of the namesindicate the numberof timesthey occurredon the list.

Alonsoaincisifolia TS Anagallismonelli A Anagallisgrandiflorum (A. Linifolia) A 2 Anemonehortensis simplex B Anemonecoronaria simplex B 3 Anemonepavonina B Anemone coronaria plcna B Anemone hortensis B Anemone aperminaHP Bouvardia triphylla TS

Page531 Appendix 3: Analysis of C.D. 's Plantlist in The GardeneesMagazine,1831

Brompton stock. Calceolariarugosa (C. integrifolia) TS Calceolaria integrifolia TS 2 Campanulapyramidalis A Clarkia pufchella A Commelina coelestisTHP Coreopsistinctoria A Crocus vernus B Crocus versicolor B Crocus biflorus B 2 Cydonia speciosaS 2 Daphne enebrurnS 2 Delphinium grandiflorum,plenum HP 2 Delphinium grandiflorurn simplex HP 2 Delphinium ajacis, one sown in February A 2 Dianthus hortensis ? 2 Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation) HP 2 Dianthus caryophyllus (clove) HP 2 Dianthus chinensisA Eranthis hyemalis B Erythronium dens canis B Fuchsia coccineaS Fuchsia gracilis (F.magellanica gracilis) BS Galanthusnivalis B 2 Georgina (Dahlia) TB 2 Gladiolus cardinalis TB 2 Helianthemura S Heliophila araboides(H. pilosa'Incisa!) A Heliotropiurn peruvianum TS Heliotropiurn corymbosum TS 2 Hepatica triloba HP 2 Hesperismatronalis plena alba (H. matronalis alba plena) HP 4 Hyacinthus orientalis pl. ruber B Hyacinthus orientalis fl. pl. alb. B Hyacinthus orientalis B 2 Hyacinthus orientalis plenus caeruleusB Hydrangeahortensis (H. macrophylla'Sir JosephBanks'? ) TS Isotoma axillaris TUP Ixia crocata,plunged in pots B Ixia fenestralis,plunged in pots B Leucojurn aestivum B 2 Leucojurn vernum in pots B Leucojum vernum.B

Page532 Appendix 3: Analysis of C.D. 's Plantlist in The GardeneesMagazine, 1831

Leucojurn B Liliurn and similar bulbs B Lilium B Linaria alpina HP Lobelia decumbensTHP Lobelia lutea THP Lobelia splendens? THP 2 Lobelia unidentata.? THP Lobelia fulgens THP Lobelia cardinalis THP 2 Lychnis chalcedonicaflore pleno (L. chalcedonicarubra plena) HP 2 Matthiola incana,"coccinea" A 2 Matthiola incana or annua,(M. incana'Annua!) A Narcissus orientalis B Narcissus bulbocodiurn B Narcissusjonquilla plena B Narcissus italicus B Narcissustazzetta B- Narcissusminor B Narcissuspapyraceus B Narcissusj onquilla simplex B Narcissus triandrus Bý Narcissus pulchellus B Narcissus calathinusB Narcissus poeticus B Oenotheramissouriensis HP Oenothera.macrocarpa (0. missouriensis)HP Oxalis cernua,plunged in pots HP Paeoniamoutan. banksii (P. suffruticosa) S 2 Paeoniaedulis var. S 2 Paeoniamoutan rosea(P. suffruticosa) S Paeoniamoutan (P. suffruticosa) S 2 Paeoniamoutan papaveracea(P. suffruticosa) S Paeonia Pelargoniurn fothergilli THP Pelargonium daveyanum,THP Pelargoniurnlateripes, pink flowered ivy-leaved THP Pelargoniurninquinans Trogmore Scarlet" THP Pelargoniurn inquinans THP Pelargonium concinnum THP 2 Pelargonium zonale, scarlet variegatedTHP Pelargoniurnbethelinum. (P. betulinum) THP Pelargonium zonale THP

Page533 Appendix 3: Analysis of C.D. 's Plantlist in The GardeneesMagazine, 1831

Pelargonium.zonale, pink ivy-leaved var. THP - 2 Penstemonpulchellus, (P. campanulatus'Pulchellus')TS Ranunculusas'iaticus TB 6 Resedaodorata A Rosa semperflorens,plena S Rosa indica S 2 Rosa spinossisima,selected S Rosa indica minor S Rosa indica alba S Rosa damascena.S Rosa centifolia S Rosa provincialis S Rose de meaux S Scilla B Scilla campanulata. B Scilla praecox B Scilla amoena B Senecio elegans flore pleno, TA 2 Tigridia pavonia TB Tropaeolurn minus flore pleno, A Tulipa oculus solis B Tulipa gesneriana "Clarimond" B 2 Tulipa, gesneriana var. B Tulipa suaveolens B Tulipa gesneriana, scarlet var. B Tulipa gesneriana,plena rubra. B 3 Tulipa gesneriana plena lutea B Tulipa. gesneriana.double striped B Verbena, lamberti (V. canadensis lamberti) THP Verbena, pulchella THP 2 Verbena, mefindres (V. peruviana'Melidres') THP Verbena, aubletia (V. canadensis) THP Viola amoena (V. blanda or V. lutea)

Page534 Appendix 4: PerennialBorder Flowers Listed by CharlesM'Intosh, 1838

APPENDIX 4: PERENNIAL BORDER FLOWERS LISTED BY CHARLES M'INTOSH, 1838

Source: M'Intosh, Charles, The Flower Garden, 1838,p. 319 Note: An alphabeticallist of the border perennialswhich M'Intosh listed according to flower colour and height.

Notes: 1. Namesin betweenbrackets give updatednomenclature. Nameswith an * werenot traced.

Abroniamelifera Abroniaumbellata Acanthusspinosus Acanthusmollis Achillea serrata(A. ageratum) Achillea cretica Achillea clavennae Achillea grandiflora(A. grandifolia) Achillea ageratum Achillea macrophylla, Aconiturncarpaticurn Aconiturnrostraturn Aconiturnhirsuturn Aconiturnpyramidale (A. lycototurnsubsp. neapolitanum) Actaeaspicata Agrimonianepalensis (A. Eupatoria) Amsoniaangustifolia (A. ciliata) Anagalliswebbiana (A. marryattae) Anchusaangustifolia (A. officinalis) Androsacelactea Anemone narcissifolia Anemone quinquefolia Anthernis nobilis flore pleno,(Charnaernelum nobile'Flore Pleno') Antirrhinum siculum Antirrhinum majus bicolor (A. majus - two-coloured form) Aquilegia atropurpurea(A. viridiflora) Aquilegia vulgaris Aquilegia canadensis Aquilegia parviflora Aquilegia alpina Aquilegia grandiflora (A. glandulosa)

Page535 Appendix 4: PerennialBorder Flowers Listed by CharlesM'Intosh, 1838

Aquilegia sibirica, Aquilegia gameriana(cross betweenA. sibirica and A. vulgaris) Aquilegia viscosa I Aquilegia hybrida (crossbetween A. canadensisand A. vulgaris) Aquilegia glandulosa Arabis lucida, Arabis rosea(A. collina) Arabis racemosa(Sisymbrium thalianum?) Arabis alpina Arenaria laricifolia (Minuartia obtusiloba) Arenaria vemalis (Minuartia verna) Aretia pubescens(Androsace pubescens) Arternisia spicata Arternisia campestris Arternisia glacialis Arternisia spicata(A. genipi) Arternisia sericea, Arternisia santonicurn Asarum canadense Asclepias purpurascens Asclepias variegata Asclepias incamata Asclepias nivea Asclepias quadrifolia Asperula crassifolia Asperula arcadinsis Aster bicolor (A. longifolius) Aster pannonicus(A. tripolium subsp.pannonicus) Aster mutablis (A. novi-belgii) Aster alpinus Aster inuloides (Erigeron multiradiatus) Aster versicolor Aster caucasicus Aster grarainifolius (Erigeron aureus) Aster viminea (A. vimineus - A. virnineus var ptarmicoides) Aster hyssopifolius (Felicia angustifolia) Aster ibericus (A. amellus var.) Aster salicifolia (A. salicifolius - A. praeltus) Aster phlogifolius (A. patens) Aster pulchellus (A. alpinus) Aster pulcherrimus (A. linariifolius) Aster divaricatus Aster tataricus Aster arnelloides

Page536 Appendix4: PerennialBorder Flowers Listed by CharlesM'Intosh, 1838

Aster pallens (A. patulus) Aster pannonicus(A. tripoliurn ssp pannonicus) Aster rigidus (A. linariifolius [Linn] or Inula salicina[Moench]) Aster sparsiflorus (A. tenuifolius) Aster elegans(A. spectabilis) Aster humilis (Vittadinia australis) Aster tardiflorus Aster corymbosus Aster tradescantii Aster versicolor Aster tripolium. Aster squarnatus Aster cordifolius Aster serotinus (A. novi-belgii) Aster grandiflorus Aster patens Aster undulatus Aster alpinus albus Aster vimineus (A. lateriflorus) Aster altissimun (A. novae-angliae) Aster tardiflorus (A. novi-belgii ssp.tardiflorus) Aster spurius (A. novae-angliae) Aster spectabilis Aster recuvatus(AA. bellidiflorus [Guentherex. Nees],tenuifolius [Nees],tradescanti [Pursh], squarrulosus[Spreng] or diffusus [Willd]) Aster paniculatus Aster novi-belgii Aster foliosus (A. lateriflorus) Aster sessiliflorus * Aster novae-angliae Aster novi-belgii Aster fragilis Asterocephaluscanescens (Scabiosa caucasica) Asterocephaluscaucasicus (Scabiosa suaveolens) Astragalus monspessulanus Astragalus caroliniana (A. canadensis) Astrantia carniolica (A. camiolica major) Baltonia asteroides(Boltonia asteroides) Baptisia tinctoria Baptisia alba Betonica grandiflora (Stachysgrandiflora) Betonica orientalis (Stachyslongifolia) Bunias orientale (B. orientalis) Cacalia atriplicifolia (Senecioatriplicifolius)

Page537 Appendix4: PerennialBorder Flowers Listed by CharlesM'Intosh, 1838

Calystegiareniformis (C. soldanella) Campanulapumila alba (C. pusilla - white form) Campanulaexcisa Campanulahederacea (Wahlenbergia hederacea) Campanulanitida cerulea (C. persicifolia var. planiflora - red form) Campanulasarmatica Campanularaineri Campanulavandesii Campanulanitida alba (C. persicifolia var. alba) Campanulaaggregata (C. glomerata) Campanulaazurea (C. rhomboidalis) Campanulaalliariaefolia (C. alliariifolia) Campanulaglomerata Campanulafoliosa Campanularotundifolia alba (C. rotundifolia var alba) Campanulaspeciosa Cardaminetrifolia Cardamineasarifolia Catananchecaerulea Centaureaaurea (C. nicaeensis) Centaureaaspera Centaureaalata (C. behen) Centaureasibirica Centaureaatropurpurea Centaureax hybrida Centranthusruber Centranthusangustifolius Cephalarialeucantha, Cerastium alpinum Chaerophyllum roseum (C. hirsuturn varr roseum) Chaerophyllum tenuifolium Chaerophyllurn canadensis(Cryptotaenia canadensis) Chelone glabra Chelone barbata Chelone obliqua Chelone nemorosa Chelone Iyonii Chieranthus,alpinus (Erysimum hieraciifolium) Chieranthushelveticus (Erysimum helveticum) Chrysanthemumsinense Chrysanthemummonspeliense Chrysocomadracunculoides (Aster dracunculoidesor Bigelowia dracunculus) Chrysocomavillosa * Chymocarpuspentaphyllus (Tropaeolum pentaphylla)

Page538 Appendix4: PerennialBorder Flowers Listed by CharlesM'Intosh, 1838

Cineraria aurantiaca (Senecio integrifolius ssp. integrifolius) Cineraria laevigata Circaea intermedia Claytonia virginiana (C. virginica) Claytonia lanceolata Commelina fasciculata Commelina erecta Coptis trifoliata (C. Trifolia) Coreopsistenuifolia (. verticillata) Coreopsisgrandiflora Cortusa mathioli (C. matthiola) Corydalis caucasica Corydalis pauciflora Corydalis longiflora (C. caudataor C. schongii) Coryza bifrons * Coryza linifolia Crambe cordifolia Crambetatarica Cucalia suaveolens Cummingia trimaculata Cynanchum sibiricum (C. acutum) Cynanchum fuscatum (Vincetoxicurn fuscatum) Cynanchummonspeliacum (Marsdenia erecta) Cypripedium pubescens(C. calceolusvar. pubescens) Dalibarba violaeoides (Dalbarda repens) Delphinium elegansflore pleno (D. elegans- double form) Delphinium albiflorum Delphinium laxiflorum (D. villosum) Delphinium azureurn(D. carolinianum) Delphinium grandiflorum.flore pleno (D. grandiflorum - double form) Delphinium flexuosurn Dentaria digitata Dentaria polyphylla Dentaria maxima Dentaria trifolia (Cardaminewaldsteinii) Dentaria diphylla Dianthus aggregatus(D. barbatusvar. aggregatus) Dianthus giganteus Dianthus caucasicus(D. sinensis) Dianthusatrorubens Dianthusbarbatus latifolius Dianthusalpinus Dianthuslatifolius Dianthuslibanotes

Page539 Appendix4: PerennialBorder Flowers Listed by CharlesM'Intosh, 1838

Dianthus plumarius Dictamnus albus ý Dictamnus ruber (D. albus'Rubd) Dielytra formosa,(Dicentra formosa) Digitalis lanata Digitalis purpurea Digitalis lutea Diphylleia. cymosa Dodecatheonintegrifolium Dodecatheonmeadia Doronicurn austriacum Dorycnium herbaceurn Draba ciliaris (D. brachystemon) Echinaceapurpurea Echinaceaserotina (Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima) Echinophora speciosa Epilobium roseum Epilobium alpinum (E. anagallidifolium) Epilobium angutissimurn(E. angustifolium?) Epilobium alsinifolium Epilobium dodonaei Epimedium diphyllum Epimedium alpinum , Erigeron villarsii (E. Atticus) Erigeron bellidifolium (E. bellidiastrum or E. bellidioides?) Eriogonum longifolium Eriogonum tomentosum Erodium reichardii Erodium gussonii (E. nervulosum) Eryngium giganteum Eryngium andersonii Eryngium caeruleum Eryngium planium (E. planum) Eschscholziacalifomica Eupatorium ageratoides Eupatorium aromaticum Eupatorium sessilifolium Eupatorium hyssopifolium Euphorbia marginata Euryhia corymbosa,* Eutoca sericea(Phacelia sericea? ) Fabagomajor (Zygophyllum major) Gaillardia richardsonii * Gaillardia bicolor aristata (G. pulchella)

Page540 Appendix4: PerennialBorder Flowers Listed by CharlesM'Intosh, 1838

Galax aphylla. Galegabiloba (G. officinalis) Gaura coccinea. Gentianavema Gentianapurpurea Gentiana,punctata Gentianaciliata (Gentianopsisdetonsa) Gentianabrachyphylla Gentiana,aurea Gentianaochroleuca, Gentianaacaulis Gentianasaponaria Gentianacatesbaei (G. andrewsii) Gentianautriculosa Gentiana,angulosa (G. verna) Gentiana,umbellata (G. aureaor G. ruizii) Gentiana altaica Geranium lancastriense(G. sanguineumstriatum) Geranium pratense Geranium livdum (G. var londesii) , phaeum Geranium nepalensis(G. nepalense) Geranium phaeum Geranium sanguineurn Geranium fuscum (G. phaeum) Geranium pyrenaicum Geranium macrorhizon (G. macrorrhizum) Geranium reflexum. Geranium palustre Geum.chiloense Geum.atlanticum (G. sylvaticum) Geum chiloensis grandiflora (G. chiloense) Gillenia trifoliata Globularia nudicaulis Globularia vulgaris Glycyrrhiza apera Goodyerarepens Gratiola virginica (G. neglecta?) Gypsophila arenaria Gypsophila gramineaTunica graminea) Gypsophila repens Gypsophila paniculata Gypsophila dubia Gypsophila prostrata (G. repensor G. gmelinii) Gypsophila acutifolia

Page541 Appendix 4: Perennial Border Flowers Listed by CharlesMIntosh, 1838

Gypsophila saxifraga (Tunica saxifraga) Gypsophila rigida (Tunica saxifraga) Hedysarumgrandiflorum Hedysarurnalpinum Hedysarurnsibiricurn (H. vicioides) Hedysarumobscurum (H. hedysaroides) Helenium autumnale Helianthus pubescens(H. mollis) Helianthus divaricatus Helianthus multiflorus Helleborus foetidus , Helleborus niger vernalis (H. niger'Vemalis') Hepatica arnericana Hepatica triloba alba (H. nobilis var alba) Hepatica acutifolia * Heracleurnalpinum (H. sphondylium subsp.alpinum) Heracleurnelegans (H. sphondylium subsp.montanum) Hesperispurpurea flore pleno (H. matronalis'PurpureaPlena! ) Hesperisinodora Hesperisgrandiflora Heucheraarnericana Hieracium canescens Hieracium bracteolaturn Hieracium longifolium Hieracium alpinum Hieracium laevigaturn Hieracium auraturn Houstonia serypyllifolia Hutchinsia alpina (Tblaspi alpinum) Hyoscyrnus orientalis (Physochlianaorientalis) Hypericurn pyramidale (H. ascyron) Hypericurn barbaturn Hypericurn elegans Hypericum dubium Hypericurn ascyroides(H. ascyron) Hypericum angulosurn Hypericum elaturn Hypericum maculaturn Hypochoeris helvetica (H. uniflora) Iberis ciliata Inula grandiflora (I. orintalis) Inula vaillantii (I. helvetica) Inula salicifolia (I. salicina) Inula montana,

Page542 Appendix4: PerennialBorder Flowers Listed by CharlesM'Intosh, 1838

Inula crithmifolia (I. crithmoides) Inula ensifolia Isopyrum thalictroides Jasioneperennis Lapsanagrandiflora (L. communis intermedia) Laserpitium latifolium Lathyrus mutabilis (L. pisifonnis) Lathyrus grandiflorus Leptandravirginica (Veronicastrumvirginicum) Liatris pumila (L. spicata) Liatris odoratissima(Trilisia odoratissima) Liatris elegans(Trilisia odoratissima) Liatris cylindrica (L. cylinracea) Liatris turbinata (L. turbinata) Liatris paniculata (Trilisia paniculata) Liatris spicata Liatris pilosa (L. spicata) Linaria'Purpurea! Linaria repens Linum perenne Linum austriacum Linum sibiricum lewsii (L. perennessp. lewisii) Linum campanulatum Lithospermum purpureo-caeruleum(Buglossoides purpureocaerulea) Lithospermurn orientale (Nonnea lutea [Georgi] or Alkanna kotschyana[Kotschy]) Lobelia celestis Lophanthus cristatus Lupinus polphylla (L. polyphyllus) Lupinus'Perennis Lupinus polyphyllus albus (L. polyphyllus) Lupinus polyphylla albiflora (L. polyphyllus) Lupinus littoralis Lupinus leucophylla (L. leucophyllus) Lupinus plumosus (L leucophyllus) Lupinus lepida Lupinus leucophylla (L. leucophyllus) Lupinus nootkatensis Lupinus sabiniana(L. sabinianus) Lychnis alpina Lychnis quadridentata(L. flos-cuculi) Lychnis chalcedonicavar flore pleno Lycopus exaltatus- Lysimachia longifolia Lythrum tomentosum

Page543 Appendix 4: PerennialBorder Flowers Listed by CharlesM'Intosh, 1838

Macleaya cordata Macrotys racemosa(Cimicifuga racemosa) Malva purpurata (Malvastrum campanulaturn) Malva monroana(M. sphaeralcea) Malva moschataflore albo (Malva moschatavar Alba) Malva moschata Malva henningii (M. borealis) Mandragoravemalis Marrubium pereginum Medeola virginica Melittis grandiflora (M. melisophyllurn subsp.arpatica) Milla biflom Mimulus youngii Mimulus smithii (M. luteus) Mimulus alatus Mimulus luteus Mimulus lanatus Mimulus variegatus Mitella diphylla ' Monarda russeliana Monardafistulosa Monarda mollis (M. fistulosa) Monarda altissima (M. elinopodia) Monarda kalmiana (M. didyma) Monarda purpurea (M. didyma) Monarda didyma Myoseris purpurea (Pterothecapurpurea [C.O. Clarke] or P. bifida [Traufl) Myosotis interrnedia (M. arvensis) Myosotis obtusifolius (M. obtusa?) Nepeta caerulea(N. latifolia) Nepeta longiflora (Nn. brevofolia [Fisch], cilica [Kotschy] or mussini [Sims]) Nepeta amethystina(N. nepetella) Oenotheraspeciosa Oenotherataraxacifolia Oenotherarosea Oenotherafraseri (0. fruiticosa ssp. glauca) Oenotherafruiticosa Oenotheraserotina (0. fruiticosa ssp. glauca) Oenotheraanisiloba Omphalodesvema Omphalodessempervirens (Anchusa sempervirens) Omphalodesnitida Onobromacaerulea (0. caerulens) Onobrychisvulgaris (0. vieiifolia)

Page544 Appendix 4: PerennialBorder Flowers Listed by CharlesM'Intosh, 1838

Ononisrotundifolia Ononisspeciosa alba Ononis altissima (0. arvenis) Onosmatinetoria Onosma,giganteurn Onosma.rupestre Onosmasteltulaturn (0. stellulata) Onybrychis montana, Orobus vemus (Lathyrus vemus) Orobus tournefortii (Lathyrus montanus?) Orobus fischeri (Vicia sicula) Orobus variegatus(Lathyrus aureus) Orobus laxiflorus (Lathyrus laxiflorus) Orobus albus (Lathyrus pannonicus) Orobus angustifolius (Lathyrus angustifolius) Orobus lathyroides (Lathyrus hirsutus) Orobus niger (Lathyrus niger) Orobus alpestris (Lathyrus alpestris) Osmunda,spectabilis (0. spectabilisvar. regalis) Otanthusmaritimus Oxytropis lambertii Oxytropis grandiflora Pachysandraprocumbens Paeoniaalbiflora Papaveralpinum Papaverorientale Pardanthuschinensis (Belamcandachinensis) Pardanthusnepalensis (Belamcanda punctata) Parnassiapalustris Parrya macrocarpaaspera (P. microcarpa) Paterumhybridum Patrinia coronata (P. sibirica) Penstemonpubescens Penstemonovaturn Penstemonangustifolium (P. angustifolius) Penstemoncampanulatus Peucedanumitalicurn (P. officinale) Phalangium racemosurn(Anthericurn baeticum) Phlomis nissolii Phlox camea Phlox pilosa Phlox wheeleriana(hybrid) Phlox intermedia Phlox amoena

Page545 Appendix 4: PerennialBorder Flowers Listed by CharlesM'Intosh, 1838

Phlox ovata Phlox setacea(P. subulata) Phlox triflora Phlox odorata (P. maculata) Phlox maculata Phlox subulata Phlox paniculata Phlox glaberrima Phlox crassifolia (P. stolonifera) Phlox pyramidalis (P. maculata ssp.pyramidalis) Phlox suaveolens(P. maculata) Phlox acurninata(P. paniculata) Phlox nivea (P. nivalis var nivea) Phlox paniculata alba (var alba) Physostegiavirginica (P. virginiana) Physostegiavirginiana Physostegiaspeciosa (P. virginiana) Physostegiadenticulata (P.virginiana) Phytannaorbiculare (Phyteumaorbiculare) Phyteumacampanuloides (Asyneuma campanuloides) Phyteumascheuchzeri Pisurn maritimum (Lathyrus j aponicussubsp. maritimus) Polemonium reptans Polemoniurn humile (P.reptans) Polemonium gracilis (P. gracile) Polemonium mexicanum Polemonium.sibiricum. Polygala major Polygonatum latifoliurn Polygonatum multiflorum (P. x hybridum) Polygonum virginianum Polygonurn alpinum Polymnia,canadensis Potentilla micrantha Potentilla russelliana Potentilla pensylvanica Potentilla guntheri (P. collina) Potentilla fragarioides (P. micrantha) Potentilla alba Potentilla splendens(P. montana) Potentilla sericea Potentilla macrantha(P. nivea) Potentilla opaca (P. heptaphylla) Potentilla geoides

Page546 Appendix 4: PerennialBorder Flowers Listed by CharlesM'Intosh, 1838

Potentilla bifurca Potentilla clusia (P. clusiana) Potentilla multifida Potentilla hopwoodiana Potentilla verna ' Potentilla tridentata Primula nivea (P. nivalis) Primula longifolia (P. auriculata) Prunella grandiflora . Prunella pennsylvanicum(P. vulgaris) Pulmonaria grandiflora (Mertensia sibirica?) Pulmonaria azurea(P. angustifolia) Pulmonaria virginica (Mertensia virginica) Pulmonaria paniculata (Mertensia paniculata) Pyrethrum grandiflora (Oncosyphongrandiflorum) Pyrola rosea(P. minor) Pyrola minor Pyrola asarifolia Pyrola rotundifolia Ramondapyrenaica Ranunculusaconitifolius flore pleno (var Flore Pleno) Ranunculusparnassiaefolius (R. parnassfifolius) Ranunculusalpestris Rhodiola rosea Rudbeckia columnaris (Ratibida columnifera) Salvia nepetaefolia(S. hirsutum) Salvia nemorosa Salvia versicolor Salvia lusitanica (S lusitanica [Jacq] or S. sclaraeoides[Poir]) Salvia tenorei (S. pratenýisvar tenorii) Salvia grahamii Salvia verbascifolia Salvia austriaca Salvia forskahlii (S. forsskaolii) Salvia nutans Salvia lyrata Salvia candidissima Salvia mollis (Ss. verticillata [Donn], amethystina [H. B. & K. ] or virgata [Jacq.]) Salvia grandiflora (S. fulgens) Salvia argentea Sanguinariacanadensis Sanguisorbatenuifolia Sanguisorbapraecox (Poteriurn officinale) Sanseveriacarnea (Reineckia camea)

Page547 Appendix 4: PerennialBorder Flowers Listed by CharlesM'Intosh, 1838

Saponariaofficinalis flore pleno Saponariaocyrnoides Saussureaalpina Saxifraga autumnalis (S.aizoides) Saxifraga aretioides Saxifraga aizoides Saxifraga crassifolia (Bergenia crassifolia) Saxifraga oppositifolia Saxifraga hypnoides Saxifraga androsacea Saxifraga biflora Scabiosaaustralis Schivereckiapodolica Scolymus hyspanicus Scrophularia grandiflora Scrophulariavariegata (S. heterophylla subsp.laciniata) Scutellaria alpina Scutellaria orientalis Scutellaria albida Sedumtematum Sedumdentatum (S. spurium) Selinum carvifolia Senecioabrotanifolius Seneciodoronicum Seneciodelphinifolius Seriola glauca (Hypochoeris ?) Serratulatinctoria Serratulaquinquefolia Sida malvaflora (Sidalceamalvaeflora [Hook&Am] or S. cwnpestris [Lindl. ]) Sideritis hyssopifolia Silene longiflora Silene virginica Silene rupestris Silene saxifraga Silene maritima Silene vespertinaflore pleno (S. bellidifolia) Silene gypsophila (S. repens) Silene p&raea (S. saxifraga) Silene acaulis Silene amoena(S. maritima) Silene graminifolia Silene laciniata Sisyrinchium striatum Smilacina bifolia (Maianthernumbifolium)

Page548 Appendix 4: Perennial Border Flowers Listed by CharlesM'Intosh, 1838

Smilacinaumbellata (Clintonia umbellata) Smyrniumdodonaei (S. rotunidfolium) Soldanellaalpina. Soldanellaclusii (S. pusillaor S. alpina) Soldanellaminima Solidagoserotina (S. giganteassp. serotina) Solidagocanadensis Solidagohumilis (S. canadensis) Solidagofragrans (S. serotina[Hort. Par.ex A. Grey] or S. ellipitica [Willd. ]) Solidagolatifolia (S. flexicaulis) Solidagomexicana (Ss. velutina, [Berland], paniculata [H. B. &K. ] or sempervirens [Linn.]) I Spatalanthusspeciosus (Trichonema monadelphum) Spirealobata (Filipendula rubra) Stachyspubescens (S. annua) Stachysinflata Stachyslanata Staticeoleaefolia (Limonium oleifolium) Staticespeciosa (Goniolimon incanum) Staticeauriculaefolia (Limonium ovalifolium subsp.gallicum) Staticeconspcua (Limonium vulgare) Staticeincana (Goniolimon incanum) Stellariacerastioides (C. trigynum.[Linn. ] or C. anomalum,[Merlet ex. Steud]) Stenactisspeciosa (Erigeron speciosus) Steviaivaefolia (S. ivifolia) Stratiotesaloides Streptopuslanuginosus (Disporum. lanuginosum) Streptopusdistortus Succisaglabrata, (Scabiosa succia [Jord & Fouff] or S. succisa[Sweet]) Succisaleucantha (Cephalaria leucantha) Symphytumcordaturn Symphyturnorientale Symphytumhybridum Symphytumasperrimurn Telephiumimperati Tetragonolubusmaritima (Lotus maritimus) Tetragonothecahelianthoides Teucriummontanurn Teucriumscordioides (T. scordiumsubsp. scordioides) Teucriumpyrenaicurn Thalictrumoligospermurn (T. squarrosurn) Thalictrumsibiricum (T. squarrosurn,fbetidurn or isopyroides) Thalictrumalpinurn Thalictrum.aquilegifolium formosum

Page549 Appendix 4: Perennial Border Flowers Listed by CharlesM'Intosh, 1838

Thalictrum aquilegifolium'Atropurpureum' Thalictrum rugosurn Thalictrum.anemonoides Thalictrurn flavum Thapsis villosa (Thapsiavillosa) Thermopsis fabacea Thlaspi alpestre Thymus marschii Tiarella menziesii (Tolmiea menziesii) Tiarella cordifolia Tofieldia palustris (T. calyculata) Tradescantiavirginica alba (T. virginiana var alba) Tradescantiavirginica rosea(T. virginiana- pink form) Trientalis europaea Trientalis americana Trillium erecturn Trillium sessile Triosteum perfoliatum Tussilago fragrans (Petasitesfragrans) Tussilago discolor (Homogyna discolor) Valeriana phu (V. phu var aura) Valeriana celtica Valeriana saxatalis Valeriana pyrenaica Verbascum cupreum (V. phoeniceum) Verbascum ferrugineum (V. phoeniceum) Verbascum ovalifolium Verbascurnorientale Verbena sulphurea Verbena caroliniana (V. carolina) Verbena venosa Verbena angustifolia Veronica dentata(V. austriacasubsp. dentata) Veronica glabra flore albo (V. longifolia -double form) Veronica saxatilis Veronica jacquinii (V. austriacasubsp. austriaca) Veronica orientalis Veronica alpina Veronica elatior Veronica caucasica Veronica carnea(Hebe x carnea) Vicia argentea(V. serinica) Vicia gerardii (V. cracca) Viola striata

Page550 Appendix 4: Perennial Border Flowers Listed by CharlesM'Intosh, 1838

Viola variegata (V. tricolor) Viola grandiflora, Viola lanceolata Viola odorata flore albo (V. odorata - double fonn) Viola odorata albo pleno (V. odoratavar alba Plena) Viola krokeri Xerophyllum setifolium Yucca acuminata.(Y. gloriosa)

Page551 Appendix 5: Hardy HerbaceousPlants Listed by David Thomson, 1868

APPENDIX 5: HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS LISTED BY DAVID THOMSON, 1868

Source: Thomson, David, Handy Book of the Flower Garden, 1868,p. 159 Selectedlist of hardy herbaceousplants as listed by David Thomson.

Notes: 1. Names in betweenbrackets indicate updatednomenclature. 2. Names with an * were not traced.

Achillea eupatoriurn (A. filipendulina) Achillea ptarmica flore-pleno,(A. ptarmica - double form) Achillea aurea Adonis vernalis Alyssurn saxatile folfis variegatis (Aurina s. var. variegata) Alyssurn saxatile (Aurina saxatilis) Anemone pavonina Anemone sylvestris Anemonejaponica Anemone coronarea Anemone fulgens Anemone appenina Antennaria margaritacea(Anaphalis margaritacea) Anthericurn liliastrum (Paradisealiliastrum) Aquilegia skinneri Aquilegia alpina Arabis lucida variegata Arabis albida Armeria cephalotes(A. pseudoarmeria) Aster ericoides Aster bessarabicus(A. amellus) Aster laevis Aster novae-angliae Aster versicolor Aster elegans(A. spectabilis) Aster amellus Aubretia grandiflora (A. deltoidea) Baptisia australis Calimeris diplopappus (Aster sp.) Caltha palustris'Flore Pleno' Campanulamacrantha (C. latifolia macrantha) Campanulapersicifolia Campanularotundifolia

Page552 Appendix 5: Hardy HerbaceousPlants Listed by David Thomson, 1868

Campanulagrandis (C.latiloba) Campanulacarpatica Cardaminepratensis'Flore Pleno' Centranthusruber Cheiranthusmarshallii (C. ochroleucus) Chelone barbata Chieranthuscheiri (Erysimum cheiri) Chrysanthemumarcticum (Arctanthemum articum) Convallaria majalis Coronilla varia Corydalis lutea Delphinium varieties Dictamnus fraxinella (D. albus) Dielytra spectabilis (Dicentra,spectabilis) Dodecatheonelegans Dodecatheonmedia Dracocephalumalpinum (D. nutansvar alpinum?) Echinops ritro Epimedium pinnatum elegans(E. pinnatum.ssp. colchicum) Erigeron speciosurn(E. speciosus) Eryngium amethystinum Eryngium alpinum Erysimum alpinus (E. alpinum) Fritillaria praecox Fritillaria meleagris Fritillaria imperialis Galega officinalis Gentianaasclepiadea Geum chiloense Geumcoccineum Hedysarumobscurum (H. hedysaroides) Helleborusniger Hemerocollisflava Hesperismatronalis lberis gibraltarica lberis sempervirens Iris flavescens Iris germanica Iris pallida Iris pumila Iris ochroleuca Iris j acquesiana Iris subbiflora Iris variegata

Page553 Appendix5: HardyHerbaceous Plants Listed by David Thomson,1868

Iris florentina (I. germanicavar. florentina) Iris amoena Lathyrus grandiflorus Lathyrus latifolius Lathyrus roseussuperbus (L. roseus?) Liatris scariosa Lilium chalcedonicurn Lilium longiflorum, Liliurn excelsurn(L. x testaceum) Lilium. colchicurn (L. monadelphum) Linum. flavurn Lupinus polyphyllus Lythrum. roseurn superburn(L. salicaria'RoseurnSuperburw) Monarda purpurea (M. didyma) Monarda didyma Narcissus major (N. pseudonarcissus) Narcissus odorus (N. x odorus) Narcissus poeticus Omithogalurn umbellaturn Orobus lathyroides (Lathyrus hirsutus) Orobus vemus (Lathyrus vemus) Paeonia,varieties Papaverorientale Penstemongentianoides Penstemonprocerus Phlomis pungens Phlox varieties Physostegiavirginiana. Polemonium.caeruleurn Polygonum.sieboldii (P. japonicum) Potentilla.varieties Pyrethrurn roeum (Tanaceturncoccineum) Ranunculusacris Saponariaocyrnoides Spiraeajaponica Spiraeavenusta (Spiraeavenusta) Spiraeafilipendula flore pleno (Filipendula vulgaris) Statice latifolia (Limoniurn latifolium) Stenactisspeciosa (Erigeron speciosus) Stenactisaruncus (Erigeron sp.) Stipa pennata Symphyturn caucasicurn Thermopsis phabacea,(T. lupinoides) Tradescantia,virginica (T. virginiana)

Page554 Appendix5: HardyHerbaceous Plants Listed by David Thomson,1868

Tritoma grandis III"Ip11. Tritoma uvaria glaucescens(Kniphofia uvaria - glaucousform) Trollius napellifolius (T. europaeus) Trollius europaeus Trollius asiaticus Veronica arnethysina Veronica corymbosa(V. spicatacultivar) Veronica teucrium

Page555 Appendix 6: Hardy HerbaceousPlants Selectedby JarnesShirley Hibberd, 1871

APPENDIX 6: HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS SELECTED BY JAMES SHIRLEY HIBBERD, 1871

Source: Hibberd, JamesShirley, TheAmateur's Flower Garden, 1871,p. 103

Notes: 1. Names in betweenbrackets give updatednomenclature. 2. Nameswith an * indicatethey werenot traced.

Achillea aegyptica (A. aegyptiaca) Achillea filipendula (A. filipendulina) Achillea millefolium Achillea ptarmica Aconitumjaponicum Aconitum napellus Aconitum lycoctotum (A. lycoctonum) Adonis appenina(A. vernalis) Adonis pyrenaica Adonis vernalis Agapanthusumbellatus Agrostemma coronaria Allium album (A. neapolitanum) Allium moly Allium roeum Allium ciliatum (A. subhirsutum) Alstroemeria aurantiaca Alstroemeria errembaulti (hybrid) Alstroemeria psittacina Alyssurn argenteurn (A. murale) Alyssurn orientale variegatum (Aurinia saxatilis var. variegata) Alyssurn saxatile (Aurinia saxatilis) Anemone alpina (Pulsatilla alpina) Anemone apennina Anemone nernorosa Anemone rivularis Anemone sylvestris Anemonejaponica Anemonecoronaria Anemonehortensis Anemonehortensis stellata (A. hortensis?) Anemonehortensis fulgens (A. hortensis?) Anemonehortensis purpurea (A. hortensis- purpleform)

Page556 Appendix6: HardyHerbaceous Plants Selected by JamesShirley Hibberd, 1871

Antirrhinurn majus and cultivars Aquilegia vulgaris Aquilegia alpina Aquilegia canadensis Aquilegia cocrulea (A. caerulea) Aquilegia glandulosa Aquilegia skinneri Arabis albida Arabis caucasica Arabis crispata (A. alpina) Arabis lucida , Armeria alpina Armeria cephalotes (A. pseudoarmeria) Armeria vulgaris Aster amellus Aster elegans(A. spectabilis) Aster ericoides Aster novae-angliae Aster turbinellus Astilbejaponica Aubretia campbelli Aubretia deltoidea Auricula cultivars Bellis perennis Caltha palustris Caltha,palustris 'Flore-Pleno' Camassia Campanulaaggregata, (C. glomerata) Campanulaalpina, Campanulamacrantha, (C. latifolia var. macrantha) Campanulaglomerata Campanulalatifolia Campanulapersicifolia Campanulapersicifolia'coronata! Campanulapumila (C. pusilla) Campanulacarpatica Campanularotundifolia Cheiranthuscheiri (Erysimum cheiri) Cheiranthus;alpinus (Erysimum hieraciifolium) Cheiranthusmarshalli (C. ochroleucus) Chrysanthemumcultivars Chrysocomalynosyris (Aster lynosyris) Colchicum agrippena,(C. agrippeum) Colchicum autumnale

Page 557 Appendix 6: Hardy HerbaceousPlants Selectedby JamesShirley Hibberd, 1871

Colchicum byzantinum. Convallaria majalis Convallaria majalis striped leaf (C. majalis variegata) Corydalis lutea Corydalis nobilis Corydalis tuberosa(C. cava) Corydalis tuberosaalbiflora (C. cava - white form) Corydalis cava Crocus Delphinium belladonna (Delphimium x belladonna) Delphinium hendersoni Delphinium'Hermann Stenger' Delphinium magnificum (hybrid) Delphinium wheeleri * Dianthus cultivars (Picotee,Pink, Sweet William) Dielytra (Dicentra spectabilis spectabilis) - Dielytra spectabilisalba (Dicentra spectabilis- white form) Digitalis purpurea . Digitalis grandiflora Digitalis ferruginea Digitalis ochroleuca (D. ambigua) Dodecatheonintegrifolium Dodecatheonjeffreyi Dodecatheonmeadia elegans(D. meadia ?) Dodecatheonmeadia albiflorum (D. meadia var. album) Erythronium giganteum (E. grandiflorum) Erythronium dens-canis Erythronium wnericana (E. americanum) Ficaria (Ranunculusficaria) Fritillaria imperialis Funkia grandiflora (Hosta plantaginea) Funkia ovata (Hosta minor) Funkia sieboldiana (Hosta sieboldiana) Funkia subcordatavariegata (Hosta plantaginea) Gentiana acaulis Gentiana asclepiadea Gentianalutea Gentianacruciata Gentiana saponaria Gentianaverna Gentiana fortunei (G. scabra) Geranium pratense Geranium sanguineum Geranium sanguineumlancastriensis (G. s. striatum)

Page558 Appendix 6: Hardy HerbaceousPlants Selectedby JamesShirley Hibberd, 1871

Geranium striatum (G. versicolor) Gladiolus cardinalis Gladiolus insignis (G. x insignis) Gladiolus segetum. Gypsophila.dubia, Gypsophila paniculata, Gypsophila prostrata,(G. repensor G. gmelini) Gypsophila saxifraga (Tunica saxifraga) Helianthemum.croceum Helianthemum'Double Carmine" Helianthemum'Rosy Gem'* Helianthemum'Sudbury Gem' Helianthemum'Singularity' Helianthemum'Miss Lake'(H. 'Mrs Lake') Helianthus diffusus (H. rigidus) Helianthus multiflorus (H. x multiflorus) Helleborus niger Helleborus olympicus (H. orientalis ssp. orientalis) Hemerocallis flava Hemerocallis fulva Hemerocallis kwanso (H. fulva var. kwanso variegata) Hepatica angulosa (H. transsilvanica) Hepatica triloba (H. nobilis) Althaea,rosea, cultivars (Alcea rosea) Hyacinth cultivars Iberis sempervirens Iberis pruitii Iberis corifolia. (I. correifolia) Iberis gibraltarica Iberis tenoreana(I. carnosa) Iris reticulata, Iris susiana Iris pumila Iris gennanica Iris pseudacorus Iris foetidissima Iris graminea Iris lutescens Iris coerulea(I. pumila) Iris versicolor Iris atrocoerulea Iris lutea (I. lutescens?) Lathyrus grandiflorus Lathyrus latifolius

Page559 Appendix 6: Hardy HerbaceousPlants Selectedby JamesShirley Hibberd, 1871

Lathyrus latifolius 'Albus' Lathyrus mutablis (L. pisiformis) Lilium auratum Lilium bulbiflorum (L. bulbiferum) Lilium candidum Lilium chalcedonicum Lilium longiflorum Lilium lancifolium Lilium thunbergianum(L. maculatum) Lilium fulgens (L. maculatum ?) Lilium venustum (L. maculatum venustum) Lilium excelsum (L. x testaceum) Lilium tigrinum Lilium giganteum (Cardiocrinum giganteum) Lilium tenuifolium Lilium leichtlinii Lychnis alpina Lychnis chalcedonica Lychnis flos-cuculi, Lychnis fulgens Lychnis viscaria Lysimachia nummularia Lysimachia thyrsifolia Lysimachia verticulata Lythrum salicaria Meconopsis cambrica Meconopsis wallichi Meconopsis nepalensis(M. napaulensis) Mimulus cardinalis Mimulus cupreus Mimulus moschatus Muscari botryoides Muscari comosum Muscariracemosum Myosotis azorica Myosotis dissitiflora Myosotis palustris ' Narcissus tazetta and cultivars Narcissus jonquilla Narcissus poeticus Narcissus pseudonarcissus and cultivars Narcissus bulbocodium Narcissus juncifolius, Oenothera drummondii

Page560 Appendix 6: Hardy HerbaceousPlants Selectedby JamesShirley Hibberd, 1871

Oenotheramacrocarpa Oenothera,fraseri (0. fruiticosa ssp. glauca) Oenotheramarginata (0. caespitosdssp. marginata) Oenothera,taraxacifolia Paeoniacultivars Pansycultivars Papaverbracteaturn Papaveralpinum, Papaverpilosurn Penstemonbarbatus Penstemontorreyi (P. barbatusssp. torreyi) Penstemoncobaea Penstemonfendleri Penstemonprocerus. Penstemonglaber Penstemonspeciosus Penstemoncultivars Phlox suffruiticosa (P. carolina) Phlox pyramidalis(P. maculatassp. pyramidalis) Phlox canadensis Phlox frondosa(P. subulata) Phloxreptans (P. stolonifera) Phlox verna(hybrid) Phlox setacea(P. subulata) Phlox subulata Phlox cultivars, Polyanthus'DoubleYelloW Polyanthus'Hose-inhose' Polyanthus'DoubleWhite" Polyanthus'GoldenPlovee * Polygonaturnmultiflorum, (P. x hybridum) Polygonatummultiflorum. folius variegaturn(P. x hybridum.- variegatedform) Potentillaatrosanguinea Potentillanepalensis Potentilla'Aurora Plena! Potentilla'GrandifloraCoccinea! (P. grandiflora,- red form) Potentilla'PerfectaPlena! Potentilla'SudburyGem" Potentilla'William Robinson'(P.'William Rollinson') Potentilla'Aurantiaca' Primulacortusoides Primulacortusoides amocna Primuladenticulata Primulafarinosa

Page561 Appendix 6: Hardy HerbaceousPlants Selectedby JamesShirley Hibberd, 1871

Primula minima Primula intermedia (P. x intennedia) Primula marginata Primrose cultivars (Primula) Pyrethrum roseum and cultivars (Tanacetum) Pyrethrum parthenium flore pleno (Tanacetumparthenium - double form) Pyrethrum uliginosum (Leucanthemellaserotina) Ranunculusbulbosus flore-pleno cultivars (R. bulbosus- double forms) Ranunculusbullatus flore-pleno cultivars (R. bullatus - double forms) Ranunculusasiatica (R. asiaticus) Ranunculuscultivars Rudbeckia hirta Rudbeekialaciniata Rudbeckia newmannii Rudbeckia subtomentosa Saponariaocymoides Saponariaofficinalis Saxifraga crassifialia(Bergenia crassifolia) Saxifraga purpurascens(S. purpurea) Saxifraga ciliata (S. ciliata [Lindl], S. ligulata [Royle], S. imbricata [Walp]) Saxifraga andrewsii (S. x andrewsii) Saxifraga ceratophylla (S. trifurcata) Saxifraga geum (S. x geum) Saxifraga granulataFlore Pleno Saxifraga umborsa (S. umbrosa) Saxifraga caespitosa(S. cespitosa) Saxifraga hypnoides Saxifraga oppositifolia Saxifraga cotyledon Saxifraga hisurtus (hirsuta) Saxifraga diapensioides Saxifraga aizoon Scilla nutans Scilla siberica Scilla bifolia bifolia Scilla candida (S. bifolia - white form) Sedurn acre Sedumacre var. aureurn Sedumrhodiola Sedumspurium Sedurntelephium Sedumfabaria Sedumspectabilis (S. spectabile) Sempervivurnarachnoideum

Page562 Appendix 6: Hardy HerbaceousPlants Selectedby JamesShirley Hibberd, 1871

Sempervivum califomicum Sempervivum hirtum Sempervivum monatum Sempervivum tectoram Silene alpestris Silen fimbriata Silene maritima flore pleno,(S. uniflora var. flore pleno) Silene schafta Sisyrinchium anceps(S. angustifolium) Sisyrinchium grandiflorurn Smilacina bifolia (Maianthemurnbifolium) Solidago rigida Solidago,altissima Spiraeaaruncus (Aruncus dioicus) Spiraeafilipendula (Filipendula vulgaris) Spiraeavenusta Spiraeapalmata (Filipendula palmata) Spiraeaulmaria (Filipendula ulmaria) Statice latifolia (LiMOnium latifolium) Symphytum bohemicum (S. officinale ssp.officinale) Symphytum caucasicum Symphytum officinalis (S. officinale) Thalictrum. aquilegiifolium Thalictrurn anemonoides(Anemonella thalictroides) Thalictrum. flavurn Thalictrum. minus Thalictrum.minus adiantifolia (T. minus adiantifolium) Tigridia pavonia Tigridia conmchiflora (T. pavonia) Tradescantiavirginiana and cultivars Triteleia uniflora Tritoma uvaria (Kniphofia uvaria) Tritoma uvaria glaucescens(Kniphofia uvaria - glaucousform) Tritoma uvaria,grandiflora (Kniphofia uvaria - large flowered form) Tritoma media (Kniphofla sarmentosa) Trollius asiaticus Trollius europaeus Tulip cultivars Veronica andersonii (hybrid) Veronica andersonii folius variegata(hybrid) Veronica decussata(V. elliptica) Veronica'Gloire de Lyon! * Veronica multiflora, * Veronica amethystina,

Page563 Appendix 6: Hardy HerbaceousPlants Selectedby JamesShirley Hibberd, 1871

Veronica f, spicata I.., I Vinca reticulata (V. pubescens'Reticulata!) Vinca major folius variegata(V. major folius var. variegata) Vinca minor Viola'Czar' Viola'Giant'* Viola'Russian'(V. var. russian superb) Viola'Neapolitan' Viola comuta Viola lutea Viola palmata Viola pedata Viola tricolor

Page564 Appendix 7: PerennialsListed by Eduard Schmidlin, 1843

APPENDIX 7: PERENNIALS LISTED BY EDUARD SCHMIDLIN, 1843

Source: Schmidlin, Eduard, Die Buergerliche Gartenkuenst,1843, p. 126 Note: List of plants which were said to thrive in any gardeneven with an average situationand soil.

Notes: 1. Namesin betweenbrackets indicate updated nomenclature. 2. Names in between square.brackets were synonyms given by the author. Nameswith an * werenot traced.

Acanthus mollis flore albo (A. mollis - white form) Acanthus spinosus Achillea Ageratum (A. ageratum) Achillea odorata Achillea millefolium. flore rubro (A. millefolium - red form) Achillea rosea (A. erecta) Achillea tanacetifolia (A. distans) Achillea alpina (A. sibirica) Achillea Clavennae (A. clavennae) from) Achillea ptarmica flore pleno (A. ptarmica - double Achillea abrotanifolia (Tanacetum. abrotanifolium) Achillea. Gerberi (A. nobilis) Achillea santolina. (A. santolinoides) Aconitum. Lycoctonurn (A. lycoctonum) Aconitum ochroleucurn (A. paniculigerum. var. leiogynum f ochroleucurn ?) Aconitum. commarum (A. x cammarum) Aconitum uncinaturn Aconiturn variegaturn Aconitum versicolor Aconiturn tauricurn Aconitum Anthora (A. anthora) Aconitum Napellus (A. napellus) Allium fragrans (Nothoscordurn. gracile) Allium Moly (A. moly) Alyssum saxatile Amaryllis lutea (Sternbergia lutea) Anchusa italica Anchusa sempervirens

Page565 Appendix 7: PerennialsListed by Eduard Schmidlin, 1843

Anemone hepatica(Hepatica nobilis) Anemone coronaria Anemone narcissiflora Anemone apennina Anemone dichotorna Anemone hortensis Anemone alpina (Pulsatilla alpina) Anemone Pulsatilla (A. pulsatilla) Anemone cernua Anthemis nobilis Anthemis tinctoria Anthemis Pyrethrurn flore pleno,(A. carpaticassp. pyrethriformis ?) Anthyllis montana Aquilegia glandulosa Aquilegia canadensis Aquilegia alpina Aquilegia glandulosa Aquilegia sibirica Aquilegia vulgaris Aquilegia bicolor (A. sibirica) Aquilegia viscosa Arabis collina Arabis coerulea(A. caerulea) Asclepias tuberosa Asclepias syriaca Asclepias pulchra (A. incamata) Asclepias amoena(A. purpurascensor A incarnatassp. incarnata) Asclepias purpurascens Asclepias incarnata Asphodelus creticus (Asphodeline liburnica) Asphodelus fistulosus Aster altissimus (A. novae-angliae) Aster Aster thyrsiflorus (A. novi-belgii) Aster concolor Aster rigidus (A. linariifolius [Linn. ] or Inula salicina [Moench]) Aster spectabilis Aster elegans(A. spectabilis) Aster j unccus (A. j unciformis) Aster acris Aster sibiricus Aster macrophyllus Aster novi Belgii (A. novi-belgii) Aubretia deltoidea

Page566 Appendix 7: PerennialsListed by Eduard Schmidlin, 1843

Bellis Perennis Bocconia cordata Borago orientalis (Trachystemonorientalis) Bulbocodium vernum Buphthalmurn grandiflorum,(Telekia salicifolium) Buphthalmurn cordifolium (Telekia speciosa) Caltha palustris flore pleno (C. palustris'Flore Pleno) Campanulaspeciosa Campanulalatifolia Campanulaglomerata Campanulapersicifolia flore pleno (C. persicifolia'Flore Pleno) Campanulagrandiflora (Platycodon grandiflorus) Campanulasarmatica Campanulaliliflora (Adenophoracommunis) Campanulaverticillata (Adenophoraverticillata) Cardaminepretensis flore pleno (C. pratensis'Flore Pleno') Centaureagalactites (Galactitestormentosa) Centaureamontana Centaureadealbata Centrocarphanudicaulis (Rudbeckia sp.) Centrocarphahirta, (Rudbeckia hirta) Chelone barbata Chelone rosea(Pensteomn. campanulatus) ChrysanthemumBalsamita (C. balsamita) Cineraria speciosa(Senecio speciosus ?) Clematis integrifolia Colchicurn autumnale, Commelina,coelestis Commelina tuberosa Commelina.virginica (C. erecta) Convallaria racemosa(Smilacina racemosa) Convallaria stellata (Smilacina stellata) Convallaria ma alis Coreopsisalata (Verbesina occidentalis) Coreopsistripteris Coreopsisverticillata Coreopsisauriculata CoreopsisAtkinsoniana (C. atkinsoniana) Coreopsisalternifolia (Actinomeris squarrosa) Coreopsisferulaefolia (Bidens ferulaefolia) Coreopsisgrandiflora Coronilla vaýa (C. varia) Crocus vernus (C. vernus ssp.vernus) Crocus sativus

Page567 Appendix 7: PerennialsListed by Eduard Schmidlin, 1843

Cynoglossurnomphalodes [Omphalodes verna] Cypripediurn spectabile(C. reginae) Cypripediurn Calceolus(C. calceolus) Delphinium Menziesii (D. menziesii) Delphinium virgaturn (D. grandiflorum) Delphinium grandiflorum Delphinium cheilanthon (D. cheilanthurn) Dianthus deltoideus Dianthusalpinus DianthusBalbisii (D. ferrugineus) Dianthusvirgineus (D. sylvestris) Dianthuscarthusianorum Dianthus pulchellus (D. caesiusvar. pulchellus) Dianthus caryophyllus Dianthus ferrugineus Dianthus plumarius Dianthus monspessulanus Dianthus plumarius Dianthus pubescens Dianthus fischeri Dianthus barbatus Dictamnus Fraxinella (D. albus purpureus) Digitalis aurea(D. ferruginea) Digitalis ferruginea , DodecatheonMeadia (D. meadia) Doronicum austriacum Doronicum caucasicum Dracocephalumaltaiense (D. imberbe) Dracocephalumargunense Dracocephalumbotyroides DracocephalumRuyschianum (D. ruyschianum) Dracocephalumdenticulatum (Physostegiadenticulata) Dracocephalumvirginianum (Physostegiavirginiana) Dracocephalumaustriacum Dracocephalumsibiricum Echinops Ritro (E. ritro) Echinops sphaerocephalus Epilobium angustifolium Erysimum barbareaflore pleno (E. barbarea- double form) Eschholzia califomica (Eschscholziacalifomica) Eupatorium cannabinum Fritillaria imperialis Fritillaria Meleagris(F. meleagris) Fritillaria persica

Page568 Appendix 7: PerennialsListed by Eduard Schmidlin, 1843

Fumaria formosa (Dicentra formosa) Gagea minima Galanthus nivalis Gentiana. verna Gentiana, acaulis Gentiana. alpina Geum chiloense Geum Macquaianum Geum coccineurn Gladiolus communis Gladiolus tristis Gnaphalium margaritaceum (Anaphalis margaritacea) Helianthus giganteus; Helianthus altissimus (H. giganteus) Helianthus multiflorus (H. X multiflorus) Helleborus viridis Helleborus purpurascens; Helleborus hyemalis (Eranthis hyemalis) Helleborus niger Helleborus fbetidus Hernerocallis flava. (H. lilio-asphodelus) Hemerocallis j aponica alba (Hosta, subcordata - white form) Hemerocallis j aponica coerulea (Hosta subcordata. - red form? ) Hemerocallis graminea (H. minor) Hesperis matronalis Hesperis tristis Hesperis speciosa (Parrya integerrima) Hieraceum aurantiacum Hunnemanniafumariaefolia (H. fiunariifolia) Hyacinthus amethystinus Hyacinthus comosus Hyacinthus orientalis Hyacinthus botyroides (Muscari botryoides) Hyacinthus Muscari (Muscari moschaturn) Hyacinthus - Hyacinthus monstrosus(Muscari comosum'Monstrosum) Hypericurn hircinum Hypericurn Androsaernum(H. androsaernum) Hypericum Ascyron (H. ascyron) Hypericurn calycinum Inula suaveolens(I. conyza) Inula elegans* Iris lurida (I. x sambucina) Iris squalens(I. x sambucina)

Page569 Appendix 7: PerennialsListed by Eduard Schmidlin, 1843

Iris Xiphium (I. xiphium) Iris Gueldenstaedtii(I. spuriassp. halophila) Iris germanicaflore albo (I. germanica- white form) Iris graminea Iris aphylla Iris pumila Iris verna Iris spuria Iris sambucina(I. x sambucina) Iris biflora (Crossbetween I. lutescensand I. aphylla?) Iris germanica Iris florentina(I. graminea'Florentina!) Iris variegata Iris Xiphioides(I. xiphioides) Iris persica LamiumOrvala (L. orvala) Lathyrusdecaphyllus (L. polymorphus) Leucojumaestivurn Leucoyumautumnale Lilium autumnale(L. michauxii) Lilium chalcedonicurn Lilium longiflorum Lilium pomponicurn(L. pomponium) Lilium carntschatense(Fritillaria camtschatcense[Linn. ] or L. elegans[Lour. ]) Lilium bulbiferum Liliumjaponicum Lilium Catesbaei(L. catesbaei) Lilium philadelphicum Linum perenne Lychnisfulgens Lychnisviscaria Lychnischalcedonica Lychnisdioica flore pleno(Silene dioica - doublefonn) Lychnisviscaria flore pleno(L. viscaria'FlorePleno') Lysimachiapunctata Moehringiamuscosa Monardadidyma Monardafistulosa Monardaclinopodia Moraeachinensis (Pardanthus chinensis) Myosotisscorpioides Narcissusbicolor NarcissusTazetta (N. tazetta) Narcissusmoschatus (N. pseudonarcissusssp. moschatus)

Page570 Appendix 7: PerennialsListed by Eduard Schmidlin, 1843

Narcissus incompariblis (N. x incomparibilis) Narcissuspoeticus Narcissusorientalis (N. tazetta) Narcissus serotinus NarcissusBulbocodium. (N. bulbocodium) Narcissus minor Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus(N. pseudonarcissus) NarcissusJonquilla, (N. jonquilla) Oenothera, taraxacifolia flora alba (0. acaulis - white from) Oenothera,speciosa, Ornithogalum pyramidale Ornithogalum umbellatum Orobus Fischeri (Vicia sicula) Orobus vemus (Lathyrus vemus) Orobus niger (Lathyrus niger) Paeoniaanomala Paeoniachinensis (P. lactiflora) Paeoniacorallina Paeoniasibirica (P. anomala) Paeoniaofficinalis Paeoniaedulis (P. lactiflora) Paeoniahumilis Paeoniaalbiflora (P. lactiflora) Papaverbracteatum Papaverorientale PenstemonScouleri (P, scouleri) PentastemonDigitalis (Penstemondigitalis) Pentastemoncampanulatum (Penstemon campanulatus) Pentastemonspeciosum (Penstemon speciosus = P. lemhiensis) PentastemonRichardsonii (Penstemonrichardsonii) Pentastemondiffusum (Penstemondiffusus) Pentastemonpubescens (Penstemon hirsutus) Pentasternonglandulosum (Penstemonglandulosus) Pentasternonatropurpureum (P. campanulatus) Phalaris arundinaceafol. varieg. (P. arundinaceavar. variegata) Phlox distachia (P. disticha) Phlox suaveolens(P. maculata) Phlox reflexa (P. maculata) Phlox paniculata Phlox subulata Phlox amoena(P. x procumbens) Phlox divaricata Phlox aristata (P. nivalis hentzii or P pilosa) Phlox scabra(P. paniculata)

Page571 Appendix 7: PerennialsListed by Eduard Schmidlin, 1843

Phloxundulata (P. paniculata) Phlox glaberrima Phloxnitida Phloxovata Phloxacuminata (P. paniculata) Phlox cordata(P. paniculata) Phloxcrassifolia (P. stolonifera) Phlox carnea(P. glabberimatriflora) Phlox suffruiticosa(P. carolina) Phloxreptans (P. stolonifera) Phloxprocumbens (P. x procumbens) Phloxcarniolica Phloxmaculata Phytolaccadecandra Podalyriaaustralis (Baptisia australis) Polemoniumcoeruleurn (P. caeruleum) Polemoniurncoeruleum flore albo,(P. caeruleurn'Album') PolemoniurnRichardsonii (P. x richardsonii) PotentillaHopwoodiana (P. x hopwoodiana) Potentillarusseliana Potentillarupestris Potentillaformosa (P. nepalensis) Potentillaatrosanguinea Potentillaclusiana Primulaminima Primulapusilla (P.,primulina) Primulaveris Primulavillosa Primulalongiflora (P. halleri) Primulafarinosa Primulaciliata [P. auricula) Primulaintegrifolia Primulacarniolica Primulaacaulis Primulaelatior Pulmonariavirginica [Mertensiavirginica] Pulmonariasibirica (Mertensia sibirica) Pulmonariaazurea (P. angustifolia) PyrethrumParthenium (Tanecetum parthenium) Pyrethrumserotinum. (Leucanthemella serotina) Ranunculusacris flore pleno(R. acris'FlorePleno') Ranunculusrepens Ranunculusparnassifolius flore pleno(R. parnasfifolius- doubleform) RanunculusFicaria flore pleno(R. ficaria'Flore Pleno')

Page572 Appendix 7: PerennialsListed by Eduard Schmidlin, 1843

Rudbeckia fulgida Rudbekia pinnata (Ratibida pinnata) Rudbeckia triloba Rudbeckia digitata (R. laciniata [Mill. ] or Lepachyspinnatifida [Willd. ]) Rudbeckia purpurea Saxifraga hypnoides Saxifraga crassifolia (Bergenia crassifolia) Saxifraga sannentosa Saxifraga umbrosa Saxifraga Cotyledon (S. cotyledon) Saxifraga pensylvanica (Knautia tatarica) Saxifraga granulata Saxifraga punctata Scabiosagrandiflora (S. atropurpureacv. ) Scabiosaelegans (S. caucasica) Scabiosacaucasica Scilla arnoena Scilla verna Scilla Lilio-Hyacinthus (S. liliohyacinthus) Scilla bifolia Scilla italica Scilla hyacinthoides Scilla peruviana Scilla autumnalis Scilla amoenula(S. amoena) Scilla campanulata SedumAizoon (S. aizoon) SedumAnacampseros (S. anacampseros) SedumRhodiola roseum (Rhodiola rosea) Sedumpopufolium (S. populifolium) Sieversiatreflora (Geum triflorum) Sieversiarosea (Geum triflorum) Silphium perfoliatum Silphium connatum (S. perfoliatum) Sisyrinchium Bermudiana (S. bennudianum) Sisyrinchium convulatum Sisyrinchium elegansHomeria collina [DC. in Red. Lil. ] or H. elegans[Willd. Sp.1) Sisyrinchium anceps(S. angustifolium) Solidago canadensis Solidago altissima Spigelia marylandica SpiraeaAruncus (Aruncus dioicus) Spiraeatrifoliata (Gillenia trifolata) SpiraeaUlmaria (Filipendula ulmaria)

Page573 Appendix 7: PerennialsListed by Eduard Schmidlin, 1843

Statice Armeria [Armeria vulgaris] (Armeria maritima ssp. maritima) Thalictrum speciosurn (T. speciosissimurn = T. flavum glaucurn) Thalictrum tuberosurn Thalictrum aquilegifolium (T. aquilegiifolium) Thalictrum angustifolium Tigridia pavonica Tradescantia virginica (T. virginiana) Trollius europaeus Trollius asiaticus Tulipa Gesneriana (T. gesneriana) Tulipa sylvestris Tulipa oculus Christi Tulipa suaveolens (T. armena) Tussilago fragrans (Petasites fragrans) Valeriana rubra (Centranthus rubra) Veronica spicata, Veronica sibirica (Veronicastrum virginicurn) Veronica incana Veronica virginica (Veronicastrum virginicum) Veronica maritima (V. longifolia) Veronica gentianoides Viola odorata, Viola montana (V. elatior)

Page574 Appendix 8: HerbaceousPerennials Recommended by Hermann Jaeger,1864 .

APPENDIX 8: HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS RECOMMENDED BY HERMANN JAEGER, 1864

Source: Jaeger,Hermann, Illustriertes Allgemeines Gartenbuch, 1864,p. 452

Notes: 1. Names in betweenbrackets give updatednomenclature. 2. Names in betweensquare brackets are synonymsgiven by Jaeger. 3. Names with an * were not traced.

Achillea filicifolia [Eupatorium] (A. filipendulina) Achillea asplenifolia Achillea milefolium flore rubro (A. millefolium - red form) Achillea nobilis Achillea Ptarmica flore pleno (A. ptarmica - doulbe form) Achillea tomentosa Aconiturn autumnale Aconiturn chinense[sieboldti] Aconiturn Lycotonum (A. lycotonum) Aconiturn amoenum(A. napellus) Aconiturn variegatum Aconiturn Stoerkeanum(A. x cammarum) Aconiturn Ochroleucurn(A. paniculigerum var. leiogynum f. ochroleucurn?) Aconiturnjaponicurn " Aconiturn Napellus (A. napellus) Aconiturn laeturn (A. napellus) Aconitum eustachyon(A. napellus ssp. tauricum) Aconiturn Camarum (A. x cammarum) Aconiturn Adenophora mars,4piflora (A. stenanthina) Adenophora Gmelini ýA. gmelinii) Adonis vernalis Agraphis nutans (Scilla nutans) Agrostenuna hybrida (Lychnis x walkeri) Agrosternma coronaria (Lychnis coronaria) Allium coeruleurn Allium Moly (A. moly) Althaea rosea Althaea chinensis (A. rosea) Alyssurn saxatile (Aurinia saxatilis) Alyssurn Wierzbickii (A. wierzbickii) Anchusa italica

Page575 Appendix8: HerbaceousPerennials Recommended by HermannJaeger, 1864

Anemone apennina, Anemonej aponica (A. hupehensisvar. j aponica) Anemone nemorosa Anemone hortensis Anemonej aponica hybrida (A. x hybrida) Anemone coronaria Anemone hepatica flore pleno (Hepatica nobilis) Anthericurn Liliastrum (Paradisealiliastrum) Antirrhinurn Antirrhinurn majus Aquilegia Aquilegia canadensis Arabis alpina [albida] (A. alpina caucasica) Arabis rosea Asclepias tuberosa Asclepias pulchra (A. incarnata) Asclepias incarnata, Aster alpinus Aster Novae Belgii (A. novi-belgii) Aster grandiflorus Aster ericoides Aster versicolor (A. x versicolor) Aster rubricaulis (A. laevis) Aster spectbilis Aster Amellus (A. amellus) Aster puniceus Aster Reevsi (Felicia reevesii) Aster Novae-Angliae (A. novae-angliae) Aster mutabilis (A. novi-belgii) Aster elegans (A. spectabilis) Aster floribundus (A. novi-belgii) Aster Parisiensis * Aster multiflorus (A. ericoides) Aster foliosus, (A. lateriflorus) Astragalus galegiforinis Baptisia australis Baptisia tinctoria Baptisia versicolor (B. australis) Barbarea vulgaris flore Bellis perennis pleno (Bellis'perennis - double form) Bulbocodium vernum Buphthalmum speciosissimum [Telekia] (T. speciosissima) Buphthalmum salicifolium Campanula pusilla

Page576 Appendix8: HerbaceousPerennials Recommended by HermannJaeger, 1864

Campanulaspeciosa Campanulapulla Campanulapyrarnidalis Campanulapersicifolia flore pleno (C.persicifolia'Flore Pleno') Campanulanobilis (C. punctata) Campanulalatifolia Campanulacarpatica Carnpanulahederacea (Wahlenbergia hederacea) Campanulagrandis (C.latiloba) Carthusianorumflore pleno CarthusianorumBuckii * Carthusianorumchinensis CarthusianorurnHeddewigi * Centaureasylvatica (C. scabiosa) Centranthusruber Centranthus[Valeriana] ruber Chelone glabra Chelone obliqua Chelone Lyoni (C. Iyonii) Chelone barbata Chrysanthemum Clematis erecta(C. recta) Clematis integrifolia Clematis tubulosa [mongolica] Convallaria ma alis CoreopsisWarneri Coreopsisauriculata Coreopsistenuifolia (C. verticillata) Coreopsisgrandiflora Coreopsisdelphiniflora verticillata Corydalis nobilis Corydalislutea Crocosmia[Tritoma] aurea Crocus Crucianellastylosa Delphinium Delphiniumformosum (D. x belladonna) Delphiniumchinense [grandiflorum] Delphiniumsplendidissimum * Delphiniumelegans flore pleno(D. elegans- doubleform) DelphiniumBarlowi (D. 'Barlov/) Delphiniumlaetum * Dianthuscariophyllus (D. caryophyllus) Dianthusbarbatus

Page577 Ap Pp endix 8: HerbaceousPerennials Recommended by HermannJaeger, 1864

Dianthus chinensis Dianthus alpinus Dicentra formosa Dicentra [Diclytra] spectablis Dictamnus albus Digitalis ambigua Digitalis lutea Digitalis purpurea DodecathconMeadia (D. meadia) Doronicurn caucasicurn Doronicurn Pardalianches(D. pardalianches) Doronicurn austriacurn Epilobium salicifolium (E. angustifolium) Epirnediurn pinnaturn Epimediurn macranthurn[Muschianum] Epirnediurn purpureurn (E. x rubrum) Epirnedium violaceurn (E. grandiflorum) Eranthis hyernalis Eryngium alpinurn Erythronium dens canis (E. dens-canis) Eupatorium ageratoides[album] Eupatoriurn cannabinum Eupatoriurn purpureurn Fritillaria imperialis Fritillaria Meleagris (F. meleagris) Funkia Sieboldti (Hosta sieboldiana) Funkiacoerulea [Hemerocallis j aponica] (Hosta, ventricosa) Funkiagrandiflora (Hosta plantaginea) Funkiaalba [subcordata,Hemero japonica alba] (Hosta,plantaginea) Funkiaundulata (Hosta undulata) Gaillardiarustica (G. aristata) Gaillardiaaristata Galanthusnivalis Galegaofficinalis GentianaPneurnonanthe (G. pneurnonanthe) Gentianaasclepiadea Gentianaacaulis Geranium macrostachium Geum coceineum Gladiolus communis Gmelini (Gmelina) Gypsophila paniculata Hedysarum.alpinurn Helianthus multiflorus (H. x multiflorus)

Page578 Appendix 8: HerbaceousPerennials Recommended by Hermann Jaeger,1864

Helleborus niger Hemerocallis fulva Hemerocallis graminea(H. minor) Hemerocallis flava Hesperismatronalis Hotteya [Spiraea]j aponica Hyacinthus orientalis Hypericum calycinum Iberis saxatalis Iris pumila Iris, Iris germanica Lathyrus latifolius Lathyrus grandiflorus Lathyrus giganteus * Lavatera thuringiaca Leucojum vemum Liatris elegans Liatris odoratissima(Trilisia odoratissima) Liliwn bulbiferum Lilium atrosanguineum(L. maculatum) Lilium longiflorum Lilium eandidum Lilium chalcedonicum Lilium isabellinum (L. testaceum) Lilium Buschianum (L. concolor var. pulchellum) Lilium Szovitzianum Lilium pomponicum (L. ponponium) Lilium speciosum[lancifolium] Lilium canadense Lilium Martagon (L. martagon) Lilium tigrinum Linosyris vulgaris [Chrysocoma] Linum perenne Linum flavum Lupinus grandifolius (L. polyphyllus) Lupinus perennis Lupinus polyphyllus Lupinus noctcatensis(L. nootkatensis) Lychnis viscaria,flore, pleno (L. viscaria'Splendens Plena!) Lychnis Haageana,(L. haagenana.) Lychnis chalcedonica, Lychnis fulgens Lychnis dioica,flore, pleno (Silene dioica'Flore Pleno')

Page579 Appendix 8: HerbaceousPerennials Recommended by Hermann Jaeger,1864

Lychnis Sieboldti (L. sieboldii) Lysimachia Ephernerum(L. ephernerum) Lysimachia verticillata (L. verticillaris) Lythrum superburn[roseurn superburn] ('Roseum Superburn') Matricaria Parthenium flore pleno [capensis](Taneceturn parthenium'Flore Pleno') Mimulus cardinalis Mimulus roseus(M. lewisii) Mimulus guttatus Mimulus quinquevulnerus(M. luteus) Mimulus cupreatus(M. cupreus) Monarda purpurea (M. didyma) Monarda Kalmiana (M. didyma) Monarda didyma Morina persica, Morina longifolia Muscari moschaturn Muscari racemosurn Narcissus Pseudo-Narcissus(N. pseudonarcissus) Narcissus poeticus Oenotheragrandiflora (Clarkia arnoeneassp. linleyi) Oenotheraspectabilis (0. spectabilis [bemh. ex Steud.] or 0. Simsiana [Hort. ex. Spach.]) OenotheraFraserii (0. fruticosa ssp. glauca) Omphalodesvema Orobus vemus (Lathyrus vemus) Paeoniasinensis flore pleno (paeonialactiflora - double form) Paeoniaofficinalis Paeoniatenuifolia Papaverbracteatum Papaverorientale PenstemonDigitalis (P. digitalis) Penstemoncoeruleus (P. caeruleus= P. angustifolius) Penstemonpubescens (P. hirsutus) Penstemonvenustus Penstemonargutus (P. difrusus ?) Penstemonspeciosus (P. lemhiensis) Phlox pilosa [amoenal Phlox nivalis Phlox Nelsoni (P. triovulata) Phlox subulata Phlox reptans(P. stolonifera) Phlox ovata Phlox suaveolens(P. maculata) Phlox vemalis (P. divaricata)

Page580 Appendix 8: HerbaceousPerennials Recommended by Hermann Jaeger,1864

Phlox divaricata, Phlox Phlox setacea(P. subulata) Phlox acuminata(P. paniculata) Phlox paniculata, Phlox oclorata.(P. maculata.) Phlox maculata. Physostegiavirginica (P. virginiana) Polemoniurn coeruleum (P. caeruleum) Polygonum Sieboldti (P. sieboldii = P. japonicum) Potentilla colorata,* Potdntilla atrosanguinea Potentilla Primula auricula Primula acaulis Pulmonaria virginica (Mertensia pulmonarioides) Pulmonaria angustifolia Pyrethrum roseum (Taneceturncoccineum) Pyrethrum.sinense [Chrysanthemum] (Chrysanthemum sinense ?) Ranunculusreptans Ranunculusaconitifolius flore pleno (R. aconitifolius'Flore Pleno') Rudbeckia fulgida Rudbeckia speciosa(R. fulgida var. speciosa) Saponariaocyrnoides Scilla sibirica [praecox] Scilla verna Scilla bifolia Scilla arnoena SedurnSieboldti (S. sieboldii) Sedurn Seneciomacrophyllus (S. doria ssp. doria) SenecioDoronicum. (S. doronicum) Silene Schafta (S. schafta) Solidago canadense(S. canadensis) Solidago Solidago cambrica (S. virgaurea) Spigelia marylandica (S. marilandica) SpiraeaAruncus (Aruncus dioicus) Spiraeafilipendula flore pleno (Filipendula vulgaris - double form) SpiraeaLindleyana (Sorbaria tomentosa) Spiraealobata, [venusta, palmata] (Filipendula rubra) Statice Limoniurn (Limoniurn vulgare) Statice latifolia (Limoniurn latifolium) Thalictrum flavurn

Page581 Appendix 8: HerbaceousPerennials Recommended by Hermann Jaeger,1864

Thalictrum aquilegifolium (T. aquilegiifolium) Thalictrum speciosum Thalictrum purpurescens(T. dasycarpum) Thermopsis lupinoides Tradescantiasubaspera Tradescantiavirginica (T.'virginiana) Trollius Tulipa Gesneriana(T. gesneriana) Tulipa Ulmaria flore pleno Uvularia grandifolia (U. grandiflora) Veronica incana Veronica multifida Veronica sibirica (Veronicastrum virginicum) Veronica spuria Veronica elatior (Hebe elliptica) Veronica Veronicanovae boracensis Veronicavirginica Veronicacorymbosa fol. var. (V. spicata,- variegated form) Vinca herbacea Vinca minor Vinca major Viola tricolor Viola odorata Viola altaica Viola variegata(V. tricolor) Wahlenbergiagrandiflora (Platycodon grandiflorus) Wulfeniacarinthiaca

Page582 Appendix 9: The Finest PerennialsSelected by W Hampel, 1890

APPENDIX 9: THE FINEST PERENNIALS SELECTED BY W HAMPEL, 1890 Source:Hampel, W., GartenbuchfuerJedermann, 1890, p. 398 An alphabeticallysorted selection of the finest perennialsas listed by Hampel, which alsoincluded heathers (not listedbelow).

Notes: 1. Names in betweenbrackets give updatednomenclature. 2. Namesin betweensquare brackets were synonyms given by Hampel. 3. Narneswith an * werenot traced.

Achillea Ptarmicaflore pleno(A. ptarmica- doubleform) Aconiturnvariegaturn AconiturnSprengelianum (A cammarum) AconiturnNapellus (A. napellus) Adonis vernalis Agrostemma coronaria purpure'a Alstroemeria chilensis [versicolor] Alstroemeria brasiliensis Alstroemeria aurantiaca Anemonejaponica (A. hupehensisvar. japonica) Anemonej aponica elegans(A. hupehensis'Elegans') Anemonejaponica'Honorine Jorbet'(A. x hybrida'Honorine Jobert') Anemone pulsatilla Antennaria tomentosa(A. dioica) Aquilegia alpina Asclepia incamata (Asclepias) Aster versicolor (A. x versicolor) Aster alpinus ý Aster roseus(A. novae-angliaeor A. novae-belgii) Aster cassubicus* Aster serotinus(A. novi-belgii) Asterhybridus Mad. Soymier* Asterhorizontalis (A. lateriflorus'Horizontalis') Aster ericoides CallunaAlporti (C. vulgaris'Alportii') Calystegiapubescens flore pleno(C. hederacea'FlorePleno') CampanulaMedium (C. medium) Campanulahybrida van Houttei(Specularia hybrida cultivar ?) Campanulagrandiflora Grossekii (C. grossekii) flore Campanulagrandiflora pleno(C. mediumor C. speciosa- doubleform) Page583 Appendix 9: The Finest PerennialsSelected by W Hampel, 1890

Campanulagrandiflora (Platycodon grandiflorus) Campanulapyramidalis Campanulapersicifolia coeruleaplena (C. persicifolia'Caerulea Plena!) Campanulapersicifolia alba plena (C. persicifolia'Alba Plena!) Cwnpanula carpathica(C. carpatica) Chelone barbata Chrysanthemumindicum (Dendranthema indicum) Clematisintegrifolia Convalariamaj alis flore roseo(Convallaria maj alis rosea) Convalariamajalis flore, pleno (Convallaria majalis'Flore Pleno') CypripediumCalceolus (C. calceolus) Delphiniumformosum Delphiniumhybriclum. Dictamnusfraxinella flore rubra(D. albus'Ruber') Dictamnus,fraxinella flore alba(D. albus) Digitalis ferrugineagigantea (Digitalis ferruginea'Gigantea!) Digitalis gloxinaeflora(D. purpurea'Gloxiniaflora!) Eryngiumplanurn Festucaglauca Gaillardiagrandiflora (G. x grandiflora) GnaphaliumLeontopodium (Leontopodium alpinum) Gypsophilapaniculata Helianthusgiganteus Helianthussalicifolius [orgyalis] Helleborushybridus (garden hybrid) Hesperismatronalis flore albopleno (H. matronalis'Alba Plena!) lberis sempervirens Iberis Garrexiana(I. sempervirens) Iberiscorifolia (I. correifolia) Iris panormitana(I. pseudopumila) Iris sibirica Iris stylosa Iris gennanica Iris Kaempferi [Iris laevigatal Iris iberica Iris florentina,(I. germanica'Florentina) Iris fimbriata (I. japonica/I. tectorum) Iris cuprea (I. fulva) Lathyrus latifolius Lathyrus giganteusatropurpureus Linaria alpina Lupinus polyphyllus Lychnis Viscaria splendensflore pleno (L. viscaria'Splendens Plena) Lychnis chalcedonicaflore pleno (L. chalcedonica'Flore Plena!)

Page584 Appendix 9: The Finest PerennialsSelected by W Hampel, 1890

Lychnis chalcedonica Mentha,Pulegiurn gibraltarica (M. pulegiurn var. gibraltarica) Mentha piperita fol. var. (M. piperita'Variegata!) OenotheraFraseri (0. fruiticosa ssp. glauca) Papaverorientale Penstemonpubescens (P. hirsutus) Penstemondigitaloides (P. digitalis) Phlox decussata,(P. paniculata) Polemonium coeruleurnflore albo (P. caeruleum'Album') Polemonium coeruleurn(P. caeruleum) Potentilla,hybrida flore pleno (P. fragariastrurn- double form) Primula Sieboldi (P. sieboldii) Pulmonaria virginica (Mertensia pulmonarioides) Pulmonaria angustifolia Pyrethrum hybridurn flore pleno (Taneceturncoccineurn - double form) Ranunculusaconitifolius flore albo pleno,(R. aconitifolius'Flore Pleno') RanunculusFicaria, flore pleno (R. ficaria'Flore Pleno') Ranunculusacris flore pleno (R. acris'Flore Pleno') Saxifraga cordifolia purpurea(Bergenia cordifolia'Purpurea!) Saxifraga crassifolia (Bergenia crassifolia) SedurnLydium. glaucum (S. hispanicurnvar. minus) Sedurnmaximum SedurnSieboldi fol. mediopicts (S. sieboldii'Mediovariegaturn ?) SedurnFabianum fol. var. SedurnFabianurn * Sedurndasyphyllum SedurnLydiurn aureurn(S. lydium'Aureum') Sedurncristaturn (S. reflexum'Cristatum') Sedurnatropurpureum (Rhodiola integrifolia) Spiraeapalmata elegans(Filipendula palmata'Elegantissima!) SpiraeaUlmaria fol. aur. var. (Filipendula ulmaria'Aurea!) SpiraeaUlmaria flore pleno (Filipendula ulmaria'Flore Pleno') Spiraeapalmata, alba (Filipendula purpurea'Alba) Spiraeaastilboides * Spiraeapalmata (Filipendula purpurea) Spiraeajaponica filipendula Spiraea flore pleno,(Filipendula vulgaris - double form) SpiraeaAruncus (Aruncus dioicus) Thalictrum aquilegiaefoliurn roseurn(T. aquilegiifolium'Roseum') Tradescantiaviolacea * Tradescantialilacina * Tradescantiacoerulea * Tradescantiaalba (T. albiflora) (Trifolium Trifolium repensatrorubens repens- red form)

Page585 Appendix 9: The Finest PerennialsSelected by W Hampel, 1890

Trillium grandiflorurn Trillium erectum Trillium cemuum Trollius laxus Trollius giganteus(T. asiaticus) Trollius europaeus Trollius altaicus Ver spicataalba (Veronica spicata- white form) Veratrum.album Veratrum.nigrum, Veratrum.viride Verbascumphoeniceum Veronica incana Veronica Hendersoni (V. hendersonii) Viola The Czar (V. odorataCzar') Viola italica (V. odorata) Viola BarrensteinsSaemling Viola rossica *- Viola Swanley white (V. 'Swanley White) Viola Victoria regina (V. 'Victoria Regina!) Viola Auguste * Viola rubra.plena (V. hirta, - double form) Viola coeruleaplena * Vi6la alba plena (V. alba - double form) Viola odorata var arboreaflore pleno Viola odorata ,

Page586 Appendix10: Cultivars Raised and Introduced to GermanGardeners by Karl Foerster

APPENDIX 10: CULTIVARS RAISED AND INTRODUCED TO GERMAN GARDENERS BY KARL FOERSTER.

Source: Kreuter, Marie-Luise: Karl Foerster, Zuechtungenund Gedankenfuer die Zukunft, n.d., c. 1980, Weihenstephan

Culivars raised by Karl Foerster

Achillea'Schwefelteller'1957 Achillea millefolium'Sammetriese'(1953) Achillea ptarmicaNanaCompacta! (1953) Althearosea, perennis 1966 Alyssurnrostratum'Ebumeum! (1950) Alyssumrostratum'Elfenbeire 1958 Alyssum,saxatile'Citrinum Praeco)e 1951 Alyssurnsaxatile'Praecox' 1951 Anemonevitifolia'Albadura! 1936 Anemonevitifolia'Compacta! 1967 AnemonevitifoliaSuperba! (1961) Aquilegia.caeruleaSanssouci' (1915) Arabis alpina'Polarfuchs'1956 Artemisia,nana 1966 Aruncussylvestris'Nachfolger' AruncussylvestrisNachzuegler' 1966 Aruncussinensis'Zweiweltenkind' 1959 Aster 'Bluetenwolke'1911 Aster 'Herbstwundee1911 Aster 'Oktoberfruehling'1929 Aster amellus'Altweibersommer' 1949 Aster amellus,'Augusta! 1957 Aster amellus'Berggeist'1949 Aster amellus'BlauerKugeltisclf 1966 Aster amellus'Blaugoldkuppel'1957 Aster amellus'Bluetendecke' (syn. A. 'Silberdaclf)1949 Aster amelluscassubicus 'Marquhardt' (195 8) Aster amellus 'Dunkler Schatz!1957 Aster amellus Testgeschenk!(1960) Aster amellus 'Gluecksftmd' (1966) Aster amellus'Heideprinzess' 1957 Aster arnellus'Herbstzaubee1931 Aster amellus'Koboldkugel' Aster amellusNugelstrauss' 1950 Aster amellus'Kugelwolke' Aster amellus'Mira!1947

Page587 Appendix 10: Cultivars Raisedand Introducedto GennanGardeners by Karl Foerster

Aster amellus'Nachsommerschat21950 Aster amellusNoctumo' Aster amellus 'Rosa Erfaellung' 1964 Aster amellus 'Rosenkoenigid 1958 Aster ainellus'Septemberkoenig'1934 Aster amellus'Septemberpracht'(1953) Aster amellus'Septembemacht'(1953) Aster amellus 'Sonord 1962 Aster amellus'Strahlenkissen' 1950 Aster amellus'VeilchenkoenigiW 1947 Aster amellus'Weisser Kugeltisch' 1966 Aster dumosus'Blaubuchs' 1954 Aster dumosus'Blaue Vorlaeufer' 1961 Aster dumosus'Blaustrahlkugel'1952 Aster dumosus'Faechertraube'1953 Aster dumosus'Oktober Nachfolger' Aster dumosus'Oktoberschneekuppel' 195 0 Aster dumosus'Phosphorus'1964 Aster dumosus'Rosenelf1949 Aster dumosus'Rosenkissed 1955 Aster dumosus'Schneezicklein' 1949 Aster dumosus'Silberball'1963 Aster dumosus'Silberblaukissen'1947 Aster ericoides'Schneegitter' 1968 Aster novae-angliae'Abendsonne' (1960) Aster novae-angliae'Dunkle LilW 1953 Aster novae-angliaeEmtedanie 1956 Aster novae-angliaeTragstein' 1936 Aster novae-angliae'Rosa Sieger' 1971 Aster novae-angliae'Roter Stern' 1934 Aster novae-angliae'Roter Turm' 1947 Aster novae-angliae'Rubinschat2 1960 Aster novae-angliae'Spaetrubin' 1967 Aster novi-belgii 'Blaue Nachthut' 1949 Aster novi-belgii 'Blaugittee 1949 Aster novi-belgii 'Blaumeise'pre- 193 9 Aster novi-belgii 'Blausilber'1955 Aster novi-belgii 'Bluetenshirm!pre- 193 5 Aster novi-belgii 'Brigitte' 1972 Aster novi-belgii 'Dauerblad1947 Aster novi-belgii 'Distelfinie(193 8) Aster novi-belgii Trau Holle' (1961) Aster novi-belgii 'Jupiter'1934 Aster novi-belgii'LachskoenigiW(1953)

Page588 Appendix 10: Cultivars;Raised and Introducedto GermanGardeners by Karl Foerster

Asternovi-belgii 'Milchstrasse',195 5 Asternovi-belgii 'Oktoberfest'1934 Aster novi-belgii 'Phosphorus'1964 Aster novi-belgii 'Porzellan'1972 Aster novi-belgii 'Rosenhuegel'(Syn. A. 'Silberrose')1953 Aster novi-belgii 'Rosenquartz!1949 Aster novi-belgii 'Silberblau! Asternovi-belgii 'WeisserElefant' 1953 Aster novi-belgii 'WeisserVorlacufer' 1947 Asternovi-belgii 'WeissesWunder' 1947 Aster novi-belgii'Zauberspiegel'(Syn. A. 'Zauberspiel')1953 Aster novi-belgii'Zwerglachs'1953 Astilbe arendsii'Hildegard' (1969) Astilbejaponica'Bronzelaub'1963 Aubrieta'MammutTauricola' 1935 Aubrietadeltoidea'Rubinkissen' 1961

Bergenia'Purpurkoenigiif 1972 Bergenia'Schneckoenigid 1959 Brunnera macrophylla'Blaukuppel' 1961

Campanulacarpatica'Blaumeise' 1953 Campanulacarpatica'Karpatenkrone' 1947 Campanulacarpatica'Silberblaeue'(1948) Campanulacarpatica'Silbermoewe'(1956) Campanulacarpatica'Silberschale' (195 1) Campanulacarpatica'Spechtmeise' 1953 Campanulacarpatica'Zwergmoewe' 1947 Campanulacarpatica turb. 'Blaurandglocke' 1949 Campanulacarpatica turb. Toerster' Carlina caulescens'Bronze' 1947 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Bemsteinknopf 1935 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Bomim' 1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Brauner Zaunriese' 1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Bronzefeuer' 1953 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Bronzekuppel' 1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Bronzestem' 1956 Chrysanthemumx hortorumBronzeteppich' 1972 Chrysanthemumx hortorum 'Corinna! 1958 Chrysanthemumx hortormn'Dezembersonne'1953 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Edelweiss Robust! 1968 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Feueffad' 1953 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Goldesel' 1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Goldmarianne' 1961

Page589 Appendix 10: Cultivars;Raised and Introducedto GermanGardeners by Karl Foerster

Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Granatschopf 1934 Chrysanthemumx hortonnnHerbstbrokaf 1920 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Herbstfeuer' 1935 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Herbstkoenigire 1935 Chrysanthemumx hortorumIsabellarosa! 1947 Chrysanthemumx hortorum 'Kaltgelber Pomponturm' 1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorurn'Kanariapompon' 1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Karminriese' 1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Kanninsilber' 1967 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Karminwolke' 1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Kupfergoldstern' 1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Kupferkastanie' 1953 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Lachsrote Wolke' 1971 Chrysanthemumx hortorurn 'Liebling' 1958 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Mirakel' 1966 Chrysanthemumx hortorum.Novembersaeule' 1966 Chrysanthemumx hortorurn 'Novemberschneebusch!1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Riesengoldkuppel' 1963 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Rosalinde' 1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Rosa Riese' 1966 Chrysanthemumx hortorum 'Rosa Riesennovemberbusch'1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Rosa Spaetling' 1966 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Rosendickichf 1962 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Rosenmarguerite' 1953 Chrysanthemumx hortorumRosensaeule' Chrysanthemumx hortorum 'Rosenspaetling'1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Rosensilber' 1966 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Rosentellee 1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Roter Novembersaeulenbusch'1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Rotes Meer' 1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Rotwild' 1954 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Sammetbraun' 1966 Chrysanthemumx hortonnn'Schneebuendel'1955 Chrysanthemumx hortorum 'Schneeroeschen!1966 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Schneewolke' 1967 Chrysanthemumx hortonim'Schwanhild' 1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Septembeffose' 1935 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Silbermirakel' 1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Spaetkarmid 1962 Chrysanthemumx hortonnn'Wintersonne' 1966 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Zaunriese' 1964 Chrysanthemummaximum'Sanssouci' 1934 Chrysanthemummaximum'Wega! 1958

Page590 Appendix10: Cultivars Raised and Introduced to GennanGardeners by Karl Foerster

Delphinium cultorum'Abendwunder' 1953 Delphinium cultorum'Abgesang' 1962 Delphinium cultorum'Alpnebote' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Altchina! 1936 Delphinium cultorum'Amethyst' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Ariel' 1962 Delphinium cultorumArnold Boecklin' 1917 Delphinium cultorum'Azurfalter' 1940 Delphinium cultorum'Azurfinale'(1961) Delphinium cultorum'Azurleuchte' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Azurriese' 1949 Delphinium cultorumAzurzwerg' 1972 Delphinium cultorurn'Beethoven' 1911 Delphinium cultorumBerghimmel' 1926 Delphinium cultorum'Bergschraf 1935 Delphinium cultorum'Blaufeuer' 1942 Delphinium cultorum'Blauglut' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Blaurake' 1936 Delphinium cultonnn'Blautanne' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Blauwal' 1957 Delphinium cultorum'Bleichgesicht' 1962 Delphinium cultorum'Blickfang' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Blondine' 1956 Delphinium cultorum'Breithom' 1936 Delphinium cultorum'Buntspecht' 1953 Delphinium cultorum'Daemmerung' 1942 Delphinium cultorum'Dein Blaues Wunder' 1929 Delphinium cultorumDie Nacht' 1911 Delphinium cultorum'Donnerkeil' 1962 Delphinium cultorum'Drachenkopf 1950 Delphinium cultorum'Duesterlohe' 1940 Delphinium cultorum'Eisvogel' 1929 Delphinium cultorum'Elfenkoenig' 1936 Delphinium cultorum'Enzianherold'(1937) Delphinium cultorum'Enziansnachklang' 1964 Delphinium cultorum'Enzianturm' 1930 Delphinium cultorum'Enzianvorlaeufer' 1965 Delphinium cultorum'Eos' 1942 Delphinium cultorum'Ernst von Borsig' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Erstling' 1942 Delphinium cultorurn'Eugen Bracht' 1911 Delphinium cultorum'Ferienknabe' 1936 Delphinium cultorumFemzuendee 1929 Delphinium cultorum'Finsteraarhom' 1934

Page591 Appendix10: Cultivars Raised and Introduced to GennanGardeners by Karl Foerster

Delphinium cultorum'Fliederspee? 1930 Delphinium cultorum'Floetensolo' 1942 Delphinium cultorum'Fluegelkleid' 1942 Delphinium cultorum'Foen' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Fruehauf 1929 Delphinium cultorum'Fruehschein! 1953 Delphinium cultorum'Fruehwunder' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Funkturm' (Syn. D. 'Meergott) 1936 Delphinium cultorum'Ganymed' 1950 Delphinium cultorum'Glasturm' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Gletscherwasser' 1929 Delphinium cultorum'Gluecksritter' 1940 Delphinium cultorum'Gnom' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Groessenwahif 1930 Delphinium cultorum'Gundelfinle 1935 Delphinium cultorum'Gute Nachf 1934 Delphinium cultorurn 'Havel' 1911 Delphinium cultorum'Havelland' 1928 Delphinium cultorumHimmelsleiter' (1929) Delphinium cultorum'Himmelspfort'(1961) Delphinium cultorum'Hochkalter' 1940 Delphinium cultorum'Indigoriese' 1942 Delphinium cultorum'JohannesBrahms' 1911 Delphinium cultorumJubelruf 1950 Delphinium cultorum'Juwelenturrn' (1940) Delphinium cultorum'Kinderfest' 1942 Delphinium cultorum'Kirchenfenste? 1930 Delphinium cultorum'Kleine Nachtmusik! 1942 Delphinium cultorum'Klingsor' 1929 Delphinium cultorum'Knallblau' 1953 Delphinium cultorum'Komblume' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Kreuzritter' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Kuehlebom' 1950 Delphinium cultorum'Laurie 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Lautsprecher' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Leichtmaterose' 1942 Delphinium cultorum'Leuchttunn' 1928 Delphinium cultorum'MaiblaiY 1950 Delphinium cultorum'Maiblauriese'(1940) Delphinium cultorum'Malvine' 1939 Delphinium cultorum'Meergotf 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Merlin' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Mittagsblau' 1950 Delphinium cultorum'Mittlemee? 1953

Page592 Appendix10: Cultivars, Raised and Introduced to GernianGardeners by Karl Foerster

Delphinium cultorum'Mittemacht' 1953 Delphinium cultorum'Mondsee' 1942 Delphinium cultorum'Monterosa! 1950 Delphinium cultorumMorgenstrahl' 1930 Delphinium cultorwn'Morgentau' 1971 Delphinium cultorum'Mozarf 1911 ' Delphinium cultorum'Muensterturm' 1934 Delphinium cultorum, Nachtauge' 1935 Delphinium cultorum. Nachtblad 1911 Delphinium cultorum Nachthorn! 1932 Delphinium cultorum. Nachtwache' 1942 Delphinium cultorum 'Nostradamus' (Syn. A. 'Riesenhyazinthe) 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Oberod 1964 Delphinium cultorum'Opalkoloss' 1964 Delphinium cultorum'Opalsaeule' 1929 Delphinium cultorum'Ouvertuere' 1935 Delphinium cultorum'Paretz! 1936 Delphinium cultorum 'Perlmutterbaum'(1928) Delphinium cultorum'Pfaueninsel' 1950 Delphinium cultorum'Pfingstberg' 1942 Delphinium cultorum.'Poseidon! (1956) Delphinium cultorum'Prunkstuecle 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Purpurritter' 1929 Delphinium cultorum'Purpursterif 1953 Delphinium cultorum'Rakete' 1942 Delphinium cultorum'Rauchsaeule' 1942 Delphinium cultorumRichard Wagnee 1911 Delphinium cultorum'Rosenamethysf 1953 Delphinium cultorum'Rosenenziare(1926) Delphinium cultorum'Rosenquar2 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Schiffsjunge' 1935 Delphinium cultorum'Schneefontaene'1956 Delphinium cultorum'Schneewabe' 1950 Delphinium cultorum'Schneewittcherf 1935 Delphinium cultorum,'Serenade' 1936 Delphinium cultonmi'Siebenschlaefer' 1936 Delphinium cultorum'SommerlufV (1942) Delphinium cultorum'Sopran' 1965 Delphinium cultorum'Sonntagskind' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Stahlkanne' 1953 Delphinium cultorum'Stemennanchf 1961 Delphinium cultorum'Stichflamme' 1936 Delphinium cultorum'Sturmpfeilee 1942 Delphinium cultorum'Tante Clothilde' 1936

Page593 Appendix10: Cultivars Raised and Introduced to GermanGardeners by Karl Foerster

Delphinium cultorum'Tempelgong' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Traumulus' 1929 Delphinium cultorumTropennacht' 1929 Delphinium cultorum.'Ueberwinder' 1933 Delphinium cultorumUhlenflucht' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Veilchenriese' 1962 Delphinium cultorum'Veilchenzwerg' 1962 Delphinium cultorum'Vineta! 1953 Delphinium cultorum'Vorbote' 1935 Delphinium cultorum.'Wasserman' 1934 Delphinium cultorum'Wunschkind' 1935 Delphinium cultonim'Zauberfloete' 1957 Delphinium cultorum'Zelter' 1950 Further Karl Foerstercultivars listed in A Tentative Checklist of Delphinium Names Royal Horticultural Society, May 1949: Delphinium 'Blaue Grotte' 1929 Delphinium'Blauer Zwerg' 1929 Delphinium'Blautopf 1929 Delphinium'Carmen' 1929 Delphinium 'Dreiklang' 1929 Delphinium 'Duerer' 1929 Delphinium'Gentiana Verna! 1931 Delphinium 'Herbstsieger'1931 Delphinium'Himmelwiese' 1929 Delphinium'Israel' 1929 Delphinium 'Nachthut' 1929 Delphinium'Nacht Augen' 1939 Delphinium'Pannonia! 1920 Delphinium'Roemerschanze' 1929 Delphinium 'Sanssouci'1929 Delphinium 'Schwabenstreich'1929 Delphinium'Spaetling' 1929 Delphinium 'Sturmbock' 1931 Delphinium 'Trancred' 1929 Delphinium'Widukind'1929 Delphinium'W. Storr' 1929 Delphinium 'Zigeuner' 1929

Dianthus caesius'Blaureif 1935 Dianthus caesiusLiebling' 1964 Dianthus caesius'Pfingstkoenig' 1935 Dianthus caesius'Rosenwolke' 1940 Dianthus caesius'Schneewolke'1940 Dracocephalum'Kathedrale',1962

Page594 Appendix 10: Cultivars Raisedand Introducedto GermanGardeners by Karl Foersfer

Dracocephalumvirginianum roseum 'Pagode' 195 5

Erigeron hybr. 'Dunkelste Alle' 1932 Erigeron hybr. Sommemeuschnee'1932 Eryngium planum'Blaeuling'(1962)

Gaillardia aristata'Kastanienbraun'1934 Gaillardia aristata'Lagerfeuee 1935 Gaillardia aristata'Stemenkissed 1934

Helenium hybr. 'Altgold', 1949 Helenium hybr. 'Altgoldriese' 1947 (1951?) Helenium hybr. 'Altgoldjuwel' 1949 Helenium hybr. 'Augustsonne' 1949 Helenium hybr. 'Bemsteinhexe' Helenium hybr. 'Biedenneier' 1949 Helenium hybr. 'Bluetentisch' 1964 Helenium hybr. 'Deld 1968 Helenium hybr. 'Die Blonde'(1959) Helenium hybr. 'Farbenspiel'(1953) Helenium hybr. 'Feuerrad'(1950) Helenium hybr. 'Feuersiegel'(1959) Helenium hybr. Teuerwein' 1952 Helenium hybr. 'Flammenrad' 1947 Helenium hybr. 'Goldaprikose' 1953 Helenium hybr. 'Goldfuchs' 1936 Helenium hybr. 'Goldhaube' 1963 Helenium hybr. 'Goldkogel' 1968 Helenium hybr. 'Goldlackzwerg' 1947 Helenium hybr. 'Goldleiter' 1962 Helenium hybr. 'Goldpfeilerbuendel' 1964 Helenium hybr. 'Goldraush' 1956 Heleniurn hybr. 'Goldtafel' 1966 Helenium hybr. 'Havelsonne' 1963 Helenium hybr. 'HelenW1957 Helenium hybr. 'Helios' (1953) Helenium hybr. Herbstrot' 1949 Helenium hybr. 'Hochsommerwolke' 1960 Helenium hybr. 'Indianerbraut'(1960) Helenium hybr. 'Julisamt'(1968) Helenium hybr. 'Kanarid 1947 Helenium hybr. 'Kameol' 1949 Helenium hybr. 'Kastanie' 1954 Helenium hybr. 'Kindergeburtstag' 1953

Page595 Appendix 10: Cultivars Raisedand Introducedto GermanGardeners by Karl Foerster

Helenium hybr. 'Koenigstiger'(1960) Helenium hybr. 'Kokarde' 1940 Helenium hybr. Kronjuwel' 1953 Helenium hybr. 'Kugelsonne' 1947 Helenium hybr. 'Kupfersprudel' 1934 Helenium hybr. 'Mahagoni' 1949 Helenium hybr. 'Neapelgelb' 1953 Helenium hybr. 'Posaune'1962 Helenium hybr. 'Rotgold'(1963) Helenium hybr. 'RothauV 1966 Helenium hybr. 'RotkaeppcheW1956 Helenium hybr. 'Rubinkuppel' 1947 Helenium hybr. 'Sammetkleinod' 1962 Helenium hybr. 'Sammetkuppel' 1962 Helenium hybr. 'Sammetzwerg'1962 Heleniwn hybr. 'Samtjuwel' Helenium hybr. Schwefellicht' 1949 Helenium hybr. 'Septemberfanal' Helenium hybr. 'Septemberfuchs'1950 Helenium hybr. 'Septembeduwel' 1956 Helenium hybr. 'Septemberrotgold'1964 Helenium hybr. 'Septembersonne'(195 1) Helenium hybr. 'Septemberschat:2 1957 Helenium hybr. Sonnenberg' 1947 Helenium hybr. Sonnenkogel'1964 Helenium hybr. 'Sonnentisch'1964 Helenium hybr. 'Sonnenwunder'1952 Helenium hybr. 'Spaetgoldriese'1949 Helenium hybr. Spaetorange'(1969) Helenium hybr. 'Spaetrot' 1949 Helenium hybr. 'Turrndolde' 1962 Helenium hybr. Waldhom' 1963 Helenium hybr. Vonnadonga' 1964 Helenium hybr. 'Zimbelstem' 1956 Helenium hybr. Zwergjuwel'1962 Helenium hybr. 'Zwergkoenigin' Helenium hybr. 'Zwergsamtkleinod' 1962 Helianthemum hybr. 'Bemsteinhexe' Helianthernum hybr. 'Citronelld 1951 Helianthernum hybr. 'Rosakoenigid 1963 Helianthernum hybr. 'Sonnenroeschen'1951 Heliopsis scabra'Goldgefieder' 1949 Heliopsis scabra'Goldgruenher2 1934 Heliopsis scabra'Goldkandelaber'1951

Page596 Appendix 10: Cultivars Raisedand Introducedto GermanGardeners by Karl Foerster

Heliopsis scabra'Goldklumpen' 1954 Heliopsis scabra'Goldranunkel' 1951 Heliopsis scabraHohlspiegel' 1947 Heliopsis scabra'Sommersonne'1937 Heliopsis scabra'Sonnenschild'1947 Heliopsis scabm'Spitzentaenzerid 1934 Heliopsis scabm'Wuestenkoenig'(1964) Hemerocallis hybr. 'Bemsteid 1933

Ligularia'Sommergold' 1973 Limonium latifolia'ViolettW 1933 Linum narbonnense'Driehuegelvarietaef1953 Linum narbonnense'RasseHavelsee'(1964) Lupinus polyphyllus'Admiral'(1956) Lupinus polyphyllus'Blauwal'(1961) Lupinus polyphyllus'Bomimer Porzellan` 1936 Lupinus polyphyllus'Buntschecle( 1956) Lupinus polyphyllus 'Elfenbeinrosa!193 6 Lupinus polyphyllus 'Goldaprikose' 1959 Lupinus polyphyllus'Goldblau' 1953 Lupinus polyphyllusKarminsaeule'(1956) Lupinus polyphyllus 'KupferrosW193 6 Lupinus polyphyllusNoctumo' 1957 Lupinus polyphyllus'Orangelachs' 1956 Lupinus polyphyllus 'Ostsee'(1964) Lupinus polyphyllus 'Phosphor' 1961 Lupinus polyphyllus 'Prunkstueck' 1955 Lupinus polyphyllus'Purpurkerze'(1956) Lupinus polyphyllus 'Rosalinde' 1960 Lupinus polyphyllus'Rosakoenigin' 1936 Lupinus polyphyllus'Rosenturd 1953 Lupinus polyphyllus'Schneemuenster'(1964) Lupinus polyphyllus'SchneemuensterRosW (1955) Lupinus polyphyllus'SchneerosW1958 Lupinus polyphyllus'Schwefelkerze' 1959 Lupinus polyphyllus'Sindbad' 1957 Lupinus polyphyllus 'Vulkan' 1958 Lupinus polyphyllus'Zauberstab' 1957 Lythrum salicaria'Augenweide' 1958

Minuartia laricifoliaGrandiflora! 1959 Minuartia laricifolia'Superba! 1966 Monarda didyma'SchneewittcheW1956

Page597 Appendix 10: Cultivars Raisedand Introducedto Geffnan Gardenersby Karl Foerster

Omphalodesvema'Grandiflora! 1965

Papaverorientale'Branddirektoe 1957 Papaverorientale'Condoe 1958 Papaverorientale'Feuerriese' 1952 Papaverorientale Tunkt. urný (1962) Papaverorientale'Grossmogul' 1956 Papaverorientale'Maifackel' 1953 Papaverorientale'Rosenpokal' 1947 Papaverorientale'Seidenaffe' 1953 Papaverorientale'Seidenjuwel' 1947 Phloxpaniculata'Abendlichf 1964 Phloxpaniculata'Amaranthriese' 1951 Phloxpaniculata'Amethyst' (195 1) Phloxpaniculata'Angelus' 1936 Phloxpaniculata'Apfelbluete' 1936 Phloxpaniculata'Augustfackel' 1937 Phloxpaniculata'Augustschneekuppel' 1949 Phloxpaniculata'Augustus' 1962 Phloxpaniculata'Aurora! 1964 Phloxpaniculata'Apassionata' 1942 Phloxpaniculata'Bauemstolz! 1936 PhloxpaniculataBiedermeier' 1934 Phloxpaniculata'Blauriese' 1950 Phloxpaniculata'Bomimer Nachsommer' 1951 Phloxpaniculata'Branderburg'(1937) Phloxpaniculata'Brandkarmin' Phloxpaniculata'Brandriese' 1950 Phloxpaniculata'Breithaupt Bicolor(1961) Phloxpaniculata'Dacapo' 1949 Phlox paniculata'Dauerbrand'1930 Phloxpaniculata'Dorffreude' 1950 Phlox paniculata'Dorfkavalier'1953 Phloxpaniculata'Duesterlohe' 1962 Phlox paniculata'Elfenkoenig'1936 Phloxpaniculata'Elmsfeuer' 1957 Phloxpaniculata'Erbhof 1936 Phloxpaniculata'Emtefeuer' 1930 PhloxpaniculataEuphorion' 1956 Phloxpaniculata'Eva Foerster' 1934 Phlox paniculata'Fanfare'1936 Phlox paniculata'Fesselballon'1936 Phloxpaniculata'Feuerreiter' 1935 Phloxpaniculata'Feuersaeule' 1962

Page598 Appendix 10: Cultivars Raisedand Introducedto GermanGardeners by Karl Foerster

Phlox paniculata'FeuersPiegel'1947 Phlox paniculata'Feuerzauber'1960 Phlox paniculataFirmament' 1931 Phlox paniculataFimlichf 1932 Phlox paniculata'Flammenkuppel' 1961 Phlox paniculata'Fliederball" 1950 Phlox paniculata'Fliederschirm' 1935 Phlox paniculata'Frauenlob' 1936 Phlox paniculata'Fremdling' 1950 Phlox paniculata'Fruehe Prachf 1968 Phlox paniculata'Fruehrosa!1953 Phlox paniculataFuellhorif 1953 Phlox paniculata'Furioso' 1957 Phlox paniculata'Glutauge' 1940 Phlox paniculata'Glutball' 1960 Phlox paniculata'Glutsieg' 1962 Phlox paniculata'Herbstblaeuling' 1935 Phlox paniculata'Herzblut' 1960 Phlox paniculata'Hochgesang'1960 Phlox paniculata'Hochsommerwolke' 1961 Phlox paniculataJubel' 1953 Phlox paniculata'Julifeiee 1961 Phlox paniculata'Julifest' 1962 Phlox paniculata'Juligluf 1934 Phlox paniculata'Julischneesturm'1960 Phlox paniculata'Junius' 1932 Phlox paniculata'Karminvorbote' 1962 Phlox paniculataKarininvorlauefee 1972 Phlox paniculata'Kinderfest' 1950 Phlox paniculataKirchenfuersV 1936 Phlox paniculataKirmeslaendee 1935 Phlox paniculataKirschkugel' 1936 Phlox paniculata'Koloss'(1949) Phlox paniculata'Koralle' 1950 Phlox paniculata'Kristall' 1953 Phlox paniculata'Kunterbunt' 1934 Phlox paniculataLachsjuwel' 1960 Phlox paniculata'Landhochzeit' 1949 Phlox paniculata'Lavendelwolke' 1939 Phlox paniculata'Leuchtquelle' 1950 Phlox paniculata'Lichtenad 1958 Phlox paniculata'Mandelduft' 1935 Phlox paniculata'Monte Cristallo' 1962 Phlox paniculata'Monte Rosa' 1962

Page599 Appendix 10: Cultivars Raisedand Introducedto GermanGardeners by Karl Foerster

Phlox paniculata Nachbars Neid' 1936 Phlox paniculata 'Nachtglut' 195 Phlox paniculata Nelkendom' 1932 Phlox paniculata Neutoener' 1936 Phlox paniculataNordlicht' 1931 Phlox paniculata'Parmaveilchen'(1956) Phlox paniculata'Pastorale' 1947 Phlox paniculataPfirsichpyramide' 1935 Phlox paniculata'Phoenix' 1953 Phlox paniculata'Praeludium' 1957 Phlox paniculata'Prospero' (1956) Phlox paniculata'Puderquaste'1947 Phlox paniculata'Regenpfeiler' 1966 Phlox paniculata'Rosabella! 1935 Phlox paniculata'Rosa Pastell' 1947 Phlox paniculata'Rosenbatisf 1935 Phlox paniculata'Rosendom' 1957 Phlox paniculata'Rosenhauch'1950 Phlox paniculata'Rosenjuwel' 1957 Phlox paniculata'Rosenlicht' 1973 Phlox paniculataRosenquar2 1936 Phlox paniculata'Rosenteller' 1953 Phlox paniculata'Rotes Dach' 1961 Phlox paniculata'Scharlachglut' Phlox paniculata'Scharlachturin' 1957 Phlox paniculata'Schneeberg'1947 Phlox paniculata'Schneedach'1950 Phlox paniculata'Schneefemer' 1947 Phlox paniculata'Schneehase'1957 Phlox paniculata'Schneerausclf 1947 Phlox paniculata'Schwan' 1957 Phlox paniculataSeptemberjuwel' Phlox paniculata'Septemberschnee'1933 Phlox paniculata'Silberlachs' 1930 Phlox paniculata'Silberrose' 1949 Phlox paniculata'Silberspiegel' 1949 Phlox paniculataSpaetfeuer' 1965 Phlox paniculata'Spaetrosa!1972 Phlox paniculata'Spaetrot' 1930 Phlox paniculata'Stempyramide' 1956 Phlox paniculata'Suedlicht' 1935 Phlox paniculata'Tenoe 1940 Phlox paniculata'Tollhaus' 1962 Phlox paniculata'Urphlox' 1934

Page600 Appendix10: Cultivars Raised and Introduced to GennanGardeners by Karl Foerster

Phlox paniculata'Veilchensterre 1957 Phlox paniculataTioletta Gloriosa! (1956) Phlox paniculata'Vorspiel' 1956 Phlox paniculata 'WeisserDorfriesel Phlox paniculata'Wenn Schon Denn SchoW1931 Phlox paniculata'Wunderhold' 1964 Phloxpaniculata'Zinnoberwolke' 1958 Potentillaaurea'Goldklumpen' (1964) Potentillanepalensis'Flammenspiel'(1964) Primulapruhoniciana'Marianne' 1933 PrimulapruhonicianaRubinperle' 1933

Rudbeckia laciniata'Goldshirm'(1939) Rudbeckia sullivanti'GoldorkaiY 1966

Salvia nemorosa'Mainacht' 1960 Salvia nemorosa'Praecox' Salvianutans 1934 Saponariaocymoides'KarminkoenigiW 1950 Saxifragakochlearis 'Minor' (1966) Saxifragamuscoides hybr. 'Apfelbluete'1949 Saxifragalingulata'Superba! 1966 Scabiosacaucasica'Lavendelblaue Riesen! 1959 Sedumalbum'Rubrifolium' 1967 Sedumnanum 1936 Sedurnochroleucurn hybr.? 1936 Sempervivum'Mahagonysterrf(1936) Sempervivum'Silberkameol'(1936) Sempervivum'BechleriUral Tunnalin! 1938 Sidalcea'Brilliant' 1936 Silenealpestris 'Heidi' (1962) Silenealpestris bicolor 1958 Solidago'Goldfichte'1950 Solidago'Goldjunge'1949 Solidago'Goldtanne'(1954) Solidago'Schwefelgeisir' 1920 Solidago'Septemberende'1956

Thymus serpyllum'Maior' 1936 Tradescantia,virginica atrocoeruleaNacht' 1936 Tradescantia,virginica'Baerbel' 1974 Tradescantia.virginica 'Gisela! 1956 Tradescantiavirginica'Karin' 1974 TradescantiavirginicaKarminglut' 1961

Page601 Appendix 10: Cultivars Raisedand Introducedto Gemian Gardenersby Karl Foerster

Tradescantiavirginica'Rosi' 1974 ý Tradescantiavirginica 'Rubella! 1958

Veronica gentianoides'Robusta! (1964) Veronica latifoliaKapitaen' 1956 Veronica latifolia'Knallblaif 1950 Veronica longifolia'Alba! 1951 Veronica longifolia'Blaubuendel' 1958 Veronica longifolia'Blauriesiif 1956 Veronica longifoliaPraecox' 1957 Veronica longifolia'Schneeriesin' (1956)

Yucca filamcntosa 'Atlanta! 1962 Yucca filamentosa'Elegantissima!(1950) Yucca filamentosa 'Elite' (1950) Yucca filamentosa 'Florida! 1962 Yucca filamcntosa'Fontaene' 1973 Yucca filamentosa'Glockenriese' 1958 Yucca filamentosaGrossglockner' 1965 Yucca filamentosa'Herkulessaeule'1949 Yucca filamentosaMissouri' 1962 Yucca filamentosa'Ohio' 1962 Yucca filamentosa'Rosenglocke' 1958 Yucca filamentosa'Schellenbaum' 1949 Yucca filamentosaSchneefichte' 1949 Yucca filamentosa'Schneetanne'(1950) Yucca filamentosa'St Louis' 1962

Plants introduced into Germany by Karl Foerster

Aster ericoides 'Herbstmyrte' 1911 Aster amellus cassubicusgrandiflorus 1907 Aster novae-angliae'Sonntagskind'1929 Aster novi-belgii'Taubenblaif 1950

Cerastium tomentosumvar. columnae 1926 Cimicifuga simplex'Arrnleuchter'1932 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Altgold' 1920 Chrysanthemumx hortorumApolllo' 1935 Chrysanthemumx hortorumAutokrat' Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Bomim' 1964 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Ceres' 1935 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Ember' 1935

Page602 Appendix10: Cultivars Raised and Introduced to GermanGardeners by Karl Foerster

Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Goldperle' Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Goldrehauge' Chrysanthemumxhortorum'Goldschopf (1915) Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Hebe' 193 5 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Herbsbrokat' Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Herbstrubiif1913 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Kanaria!1920 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'King Madas'1935 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'LInnocence'193 5 Chrysanthemumx hortorurnNancy Copeland'1935 Chrysanthemumx hortorumNebelrose' 190 8 Chrysanthemumx hortorurnNovembersonne' 1912 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Oktoberrose' Chrysanthemumx hortorumRehauge'1915 Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Romany' Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Schneeelfe' (1911) Chrysanthemumx hortorum'Spaetkarmin'1962

Dianthus plumarius'Altrosa' 1906

Erigeron'Hundsstem'

Gypsophila'Rosenschleier' 1933

Helianthusrigidus (syn.Harpalium rigidum'Oktoberstem) 1915 Helianthememum'Bronze'1914

Iris gennanica'Barockgold'1957 Iris germanica'Elfenbeinglocke' Iris gerinanica'ElfenbeinkoenigiW 1957 Iris gerrnanica'ErzengelEcht' 1964 Iris gennanica'Feuertopas' Iris gerinanica'Gloria Hortorurd 1955 Iris germanica'Golddickicht' 1947 Iris gennanica'Goldfackel' 1948 Iris germanica'Goldsacule' 1957 Iris germanica'Goldwunder' 1947 Iris gennanica'GrosserKurfuersf Iris gerrnanica'Mahagonikoenig' Iris gennanica'Meerschaum' Iris germanica'Schneegoettid 1948 Iris sibirica'Phosphorflamme' 1935

Phloxpaniculata'Sommerkleid' 1911

Page603 Appendix 10: Cultivars Raisedand Introducedto GermanGardeners by Karl Foerster

Primulaacaulis sibthorpii (1913)

RudbeckiafulgidaGoldtunn' 1937

Saxifraga caespitosa'BernerMoosteppicW 1964 Sedum'Immergruencheif Sempervivurnarachnoideurn minus Sempervivum'Nocturno' Sempervivurnmettenianum. Solidago graminifolia 1939 Veronica spicatanana semperflorens

Page604 A- Pp endix 11: Chronology of Karl Foerster'sLife

APPENDIX 11: CHRONOLOGY OF KARL FOERSTER'S LIFE

Source:Foerster, Eva & Rostin,Gerhard, Ein Gartender Erinnerung,1992, Berlin

1874 Born 9th March in Berlin

1880-1889 Goes to school at the Friederich-Wilhelm-Gymnasium in Berlin. Leaves school after 9 years, with the idea of becoming a gardener.

1889-1891 Gardener'sapprenticeship at the Castle nursery in Schwerin

1892-1903 Studieshorticulture in the Wildpark by Potsdam

1894-1895 Following medical treatment in Switzerland, Foerster discovers the beauty of the landscapeof the mountainsand its plants and decidesto dedicatehis life to herbaceousplants. He decidesto make the garden the "magic key" to nature and its seasons.

1899 Startsto make photographic recordsof his work

1903-1907 Startsto build his first smallnursery behind his parents'new housein Berlin-Westend.

1906 First publication of a four-part article in the Hamburgischen Korrespondent: "Pan und Psyche"

1907 In the Autumnhis first catalogueis published.

1910-1911 The nurseryis movedto Bomim nearPotsdam'Am Rabfang'.

Startsto travel,lecture and give advice, visit exhibitions,nurseries and botanicgardens in Europe.

1911 'Winterharde Bluetenstaudenund Straeucherder Neuzeit', Foerster's first book is published by Willy Lange and introduces a new style of books on the use of plants.

1911onwards: Regularpublishing once or twice a year of the nurserycatalogues, which included not only descriptiveplantlists, but also a lot of practicaladvice.

1911-1912 The houseis built and surroundinggarden started.

Page605 Appendix 11: Chronology of Karl Foerster'sLife

1916 Karl Foerster is called up to join the army.

1917 'Vom Bluetengarten der ZukunfV is published and distributed to soldiers in hospital as a moral booster,with great success.

1920 First breedingsuccess of Delphiniumelatum'Berghimmel".

1920-1941 The magazine'Gartenschoenheit' is publishedin collaborationwith OskarKeuhl andCamillo Schneider.

1925 'Unendliche Heimaf.

1927 Karl Foerstermarries the singer Eva Hildebrandt (1902 -)

The nurseryis expandedto include a garden design practice, lead till 1935 by Hennann Mattern (1902-1971).

1927 'DasDahlienbuch"

1928 The businessis joined by Herta Harnmerbacher(1890-1985). With the help of Matter, Harnmerbacherand other colleagues,Karl Foerster produced about 3000 projects till 1948, when the design partnership was disbanded.

'Gaertender Erde'

1929 'Der Neue RittersporW

1930 Karl Foersterstarts his talks on the radio.

1931 Birth of daughterMarianne

1932 Foerster'sPhlox paniculata hybrids become available in the trade;the first oneis P. 'WennschondennschoW.

1933-1945 During the Nazi-regime of the Third Rich, Karl Foerstertried to retain human values and defendedhis humanistic ideas,but never expressed his opposition publicly.

1934 'Garternals Zauberschluessel' is published, based on Foersteesidea of the sevenseasons.

Page606 A- 11: Chronology Karl Foerster's Life FPendix of

1935 The whole business is reorganisedinto three parts : 1. Herbaceous Nursery; 2. Garden Construction; 3. GardenDesign.

'StaudenbilderbucW,and 'Neue Blumen - Neue Garten,Bornimer Wegweiser'are published.

1935-1936 The ,first Show and Observation Garden is started on the Freundshaftsinselin Potsdam.

First breeding successwith Heliopsis scabra: H. 'GoldgruenherZ.

1936 'Der Steingartender SiebenJahreszeited; 'Blumen auf EuropasZinned (Karl Foerster & Albert Steiner) and 'Gartenfreude wie noch nie. Kleines Gartenaergerlexikod are published.

1937 Publishing of the controversial 'Gluecklich durchbrochenes Schweiged.

1938 'Gartenstauden- Bilderbuch' is published

1939 'Das BlumenzwiebelbucWandKleinstauden - Bilderbuch%

1940 Breedingof Heleniumproduces his first cultivar H. 'Kupfersprudel'.

'LebendeGartentabellen. Herzhafte Hilfe fuer Gartensucheraller Art' and'BlauerSchatz der Gaerten'.

1941 'Kleines Bilderlexikon der GartenpflanzeWand 'Von Landschaft, Gartenund Mensch`are published.

1943 During the last war years, the nursery is convertedto vegetable production. The most important stock plants are protectedand maintained.

1945 With a strongly reduced labour force (from 150 to 50) vegetableare still produced. On the sidethe nursery is slowly being built up again. Luckily, the nursery did not suffer from war damage.

The SovietMilitary Administrationtakes into protectionthe nursery as "Company for Breeding and Testing of Hardy Flowering Perennials".

1947 The entirenursery if almostback to growingherbaceous plants again.

Page607 Appendix 11: Chronology of Karl Foerster'sLife

1947-1948 The Show and ObservationGarden at Weihenstephanis createdunder the direction of ProfessorDoctor Richard Hansen(1912 -)

1949 The first post-warcatalogue is produced'and mail order is started again.

1950 Karl Foersterbecomes Ehrendoktorweurder (Honorary Doctorate) of the HumboltUniversity of Berlin (East).

Publishingof Tom grossenWelt- und Gartenspiel'.

1950-1970 During the last twenty years of his life, Karl Foersterhad great successwith his breedingefforts, in particularwith the generalAster, Chrysanthemum,Phlox, Helenium, Heliopsis, Papaver,Lupinus, Campanula,Veronica and Yucca.

1952 'Neuer Glanz des Gartenjahres'is published.

1953 'Reise doch - Bleibe doch! ' is published.

1954 'Troeste mich - Ich bin so gluecklich! is published.

1955 Karl Foerster obtains the Nationalpreis III. Masse.

1957 Opening of the Karl Foerster Garden at the International Gardens Festival in Effint.

Publishingof 'Einzugder Graeserund Famein die Gaerten!

1959 For his eighty fifth birthday, Karl Foerster is given the Vaterlaendischen Verdienstorder in silver and obtains the Ehrenburgerschaft,of the town of Potsdam.

The nursery if converted into a trust grant-aidedby the goverment.

'Warnung und Ermutigung' is published.

1962 Terien vom Ach! is published.

1964 On his ninetiethbirthday; Karl Foersterobtains the title of professor.

1965 The Karl-Foerster-Trustis createdto promotework basedon his principles.

Page608 Appendix 11: Chronology of Karl Foerster'sLife

1968 His last book'Es wird durch gebluehf is published.

1970 On the 27thNovember, Karl Foersterdies at his homein Bornim and is buriedon the 3rd Decemberin the Old Churchyardof Bornim.

After the death of Karl Foerster

1972 The nurserybecome'VEB Bomimer StaudenkultureW(Volkseigener Betrieb). Later this will becomethe VEG (Volkseigenen Gut).

1979-1984 The Sunken Gardenis the first part to be reconstructed.

The houseand its gardenare listed by Potsdam.

1981 Karl Foerster'sdaughter, Marianne Foerster(1931 ) ), designsa Karl Foerster Garden for the National GardenFestival of Kassel.

1984 To celebrate Foerster hundred and tenth birthday, the nursery is renamed'VEG Bornimer Staudenkulturen"Karl Foerster"'.

1985 GuentherSchultze (Hamburg) designs the Karl FoersterGarden for the NationalGarden Festival of Berlin.

In connectionwith the GardenFestival, the Karl FoersterFoundation organisesan exhibitiondedicated to Foerster.

1992 In view of recent changes in the political situation of Eastern Germany, the situation of the nursery is still unclear. Although a suitablebuyer is still being sought, this famous nursery is being built up again.

Page609 Appendix 12: Books by Karl Foerster

APPENDIX 12: BOOKS BY KARIL FOERSTER

Winterharte Bluetenstaudenund Straucher der Neuzeit (Hardy Flowering HerbaceousPlants and Shrubsof Modem Times) 1st edition, J.J. Weber, Leipzig, 1911 2nd revised edition, Verlag J.J. Weber, Leipzig, 1912 3rd revised and increasededition, Verlag J.J. Weber, Leipzig, 1924 4th edition, J.J. Weber, Leipzig, 1929

VomBluetengarten der Zukunft (Of the FlowerGarden of the Future) I st edition,Furche-Verlag, Berlin-Westend, 1917 2nd newly arrangededition, Verlag der Gartenschoenheit,Berlin- Westend,1922 3rd completely reworked edition, Verlag der Gartenschoenheit,Karl SpechtKG, Stambergam See, 1942

UnendlicheHeimat (EndlessHomeland) Verlag der Gartenschoenheit,Berlin'Westend, 1925

Das Dahlienbuch (The dahlia book) Verlag der Gartenschoenheit,Berlin-Westend, 1927

Gaerten der Erde (Gardensof the Earth) Verlag der Gartenschoenheit,Berlin-Westen'd, 1928

Der Neue Rittersporn (TheNew Larkspurs) I st edition,Verlag der Gartenschoenheit,Berlin-Westend, 1929 2nd edition, copy of the first edition, Jagd- und Kulturverlag, Sulzberg/Allgaeu, 1990

Gartenals Zauberschluessel (The Gardenas a Magic Key) I st edition,Rowohlt Verlag, Berlin, 1934 2nd edition,Verlag Philipp Reciam,Jun., Leipzig, 1941

Page610 Appendix 12: Books by Karl Foerster

facsimile of first edition, Jagd- und Kulturverlag, Sulzberg/Allgaeu, 1988.

Staudenbilderbuch (HerbaceousPicture Book) Verlag der Gartenschonheit,Berlin and Bem, 1935

Neue Blumen - Neue Gaerten, Bornimer Wegweiser (New Flowers - New Gardens,The Bornim Pathfinder) Aktiengesellschaft fuer Fruck und Verlag, Kassel, 1935

Der Steingarten der SiebenJahreseiten (Rockgardensthroughout the Year) 1st edition, Verlag der Gartenschoenheit,Berlin and Bem, 1936 3rd edition, Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, 1955 6th edition, Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, 1962 7th revised edition, NeumannVerlag, Berlin-Melsungen-Basel, 1981 I Othedition, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1987 New edition, Neumann Verlag, Radebeul, 1993 English translationof 7th edition, edited by K. D. Beckett, Macdonald Orbis, London and Sydney, 1987.

Blumen aufEuropas Zinnen (Karl Foersterund Albert Steiner) (Flowers on the Rooftops of Europe) Rotapfel Verlag, Erlenbach-Zuerichand Leipzich, 1936

Gartenfreude wie noch nie. Kleines Gartenaergerlexikon. Bornimer Wegweiser Follow-up (Garden Pleasures As Never Before. Encyclopedia of Small Garden Annoyances) Verlag der Gartenschoenheit,Berlin andBem, 1936

Gluecklichdurchbrochenes Schwelgen 'ý - (The SuccessfullyPierced Silcence) VerlagErnst Rowohlt, Berlin,, 1937

Gartenstauden- Bilderbuch (GardenHerbaceous Plants - PictureBook) Verlag der Gartenschoenheit,Berlin and Bern, 1938

Page611 Appendix 12: Books by Karl Foerster

Das Blumenzwiebelbuch (The Bulb Book) Verlag der Gartenschoenheit,Berlin and Bern, 1939

Kleinstauden - Bilderbuch, (Small HerbaceousPlants - Picture Book) Verlag der Gartenschoenheit,Karl SpechtKG, Berlin, 1940

LebendeGartentabellen; Herzhafte Hiýfefuer GartensucherallerArt (Living Plant Schedules,Courageous Help for Garden Searchersof all Kind) Verlag der Gartenschoenheit,Karl SpechtKG, Berlin, 1940 2nd revisededition, Neumann Verlag, Radebeul, 1994

BlauerSchatz der Gaerten (The Blue Treasureof Gardens) I st edition, Verlag Philipp Reclam Jun., Leipzig, 1940 2nd edition, Neumann Verlag, Radebeul,Berling, 1953 3rd reworked edition, Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, Radebeul, 1989 3rd revised edition, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1990

KleinesBilderlexikon des Gartenpflanzen (SmallIllustrated Encyclopedia of GardenPlants) Verlag der Gartenschoenheit,Karl Specht KG, Berlin, 1941

VonLandschaft, Garten, Mensch (About Landscape,Garden and Man) Verlag der Gartenschoenheit,Karl SpechtKG, Berlin, 1941

VomGrossen Welt- und Gartenspiel (About the LargeWorld andGarden Game) Verlag Schwinn und Helene KG, Darmstadt, 1950

NeuerGlanz der Gartenjahres (TheNew Glow of the GardenYear) 1st edition,Neumann Verlag, Berlin Radebeul,1952 6th edition,Neumann Verlag, Radebeul, 1959 7th edition,Verlag Neumann-Neudamm, Melsungen, Basel, Vienna, 1966 9th revisededition, Neumann Verlag, Radebeul, 1991

Page612 Appendix 12: Books by Karl Foerster

ReiseDoch - Bleibe Doch I (Travel but Stay !) Keppler & ScherrerVerlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1953

TroesteMich - Ich Bin So Gluecklich (Comfort me -I am so Happy) Verlag Stichnote, Darmstadt, 1954

Einzug der Graeser und Farne in die Gaerten (The Entry of Grassesand Ferns into the Gardens) 1st Edition, Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, 1957 4th completely revised edition, Neumann Verlag, Leipzig and Radebeul, 1978 7th revised edition, Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, Radebeul, 1988

Warnung und Ermutigung (Waming and Encouragement) Union Verlag, Berlin, 1959

Ferienvom A ch (Holidaysfrom What) Union Verlag, Berlin, 1962 Revised edition, Union Verlag, Berlin, 1990

Es wird Durchgeblueht (Flowering throughout all seasons) Union Verlag, Berlin, 1968

Page613 Appendix 13 : English LanguagePublications in Karl Foerster'sLibrary in 1992

APPENDIX 13 : ENGLISH LANGUAGE PUBLICATIONS IN KARL FOERSTER'S LIBRARY IN 1992. Source:Catalogue by the author

Books Bailey, C.H.: StandardCyclopedia of Horticulture Bloom, A.: Perennialsfor Trouble-Free Gardening Bloom, A: SelectedGarden Plants Blunt, W.: The Art of Botanical Illustration Brimble, L. J.F.: The Floral Year Bruce and Gawthorn: A Bouquet of Wild Flowers Corevon, H.: Rock Gardenand Alpine Plants Farrer, R.: The English Rock Garden Farrett, R.: Delphiniums Felsko, E.: A Book of Wildflowers Hadfield, M.: The GardenersAlbum Harrison, R.E. and C.R.: Know Your Garden Series:Bulbs and Perennials Hooker, W.: GardenFerns Innes, W.: Goldfish Varieties and Water Gardens Leeming, J.F.: The Book of the Delphinium McFarland: Garden-Bulbs in Colour Moore, Th.: British Ferris Park, B.: Collins Guide to Roses Perry, E.W.: Studiesof a Plant Lover Philips, G.: Delphiniums (1949) Philips, G.: Delphiniums (1934) Relider: Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs Rockwell, Grayson and de Graaf. The Complete Book of Lilies Stevens,A.: Garden Flowers in Colour Synge,P.: Plants with Personalities The Botanist: No date, no author Selectedfrom'Maund's Botanic Garden: Flowering Plants with Instructions how to Cultivate and Rear them from Seeds,Cuttings and Layers Some Good Garden Plants, RHS Award of Merit Plants, 1950

Page614 Appendix 13 : English LanguagePublications in Karl Foerster'sLibrary in 1992

Botanical Publications, Guide Books etc.

Tropical Blossoms of Florida Fairchild Tropical Garden Guide Botanic GardenGuide Orotova, Tenerife Missouri Botanical GardenGuide The Directory of American Horticulture for 1959 Royal Botanic GardensKew: Kew Handlist of HerbaceousPlants, 1902 Index SeminurnHortus Botanicus University Komenskeho, 1961,1964 Index Seminum EstacaoAgronomica Nacional, Oeiras Portugal, 1965 Index Seminum Botanic Gardensand Arboretum Linz, Austria, 1963 Index Seminum University Botanic GardenHauniensis, Kopenhagen, 1943,1959, 1963 Alpine Garden Society Bulletins, 1960s Royal Horticultural Society: The Garden, 1950s Scheduleand Regulationsfor Iris Society's Show at RHS Halls in London, 7-8 June 1934 (Entry Form missing)

Page615 Appendix13 : EnglishLanguage Publications in Karl Foerster'sLibrary in 1992

Nursery Catalogues from outside Germany

Austria: ' Helenium, Abteilung Staudenkulturen

Belizium: PepinWes et RoseraiesVan Herreweghe- Keleman, 1965 - 1966

Britain: Orpington Iris Nurseries, kent, 1932 Kelways Wholesale SeedCatalogue, (empire edition), 1931 Oldfield Nurseries, Bath, 1963 - 1964 Dartington Hall, Devon., Greybridge Nurseries, Evesharn(Primroses) Wheatcroft of Nottingham, Roses Wallace's Lilies, Tunbridge Wells, 1937 R.H. Bath, Bulbs, Wisbech, 1938,193 9 Pembertods Select RoseList, Essex, 1928 - 1929 Daniel Bros. of Norwich, Vegetable and Flower Seed, 1937 Hilliers and Son, Trees and Shrubs, 1935 - 1936 Dahlias, J.T. West, Brentwood, Essex, 1937 Elisha Hicks, Roses,Berkshire, 1932 - 1933 Barr and Son, Covent Garden,Bulbs, 1937

Czechoslovaki: GebruederSchutz, Olomucany, Blansko, Bruenn, 1939

Denmark: PoulsenRosen Bakkely,Paul Petersen, Roses Stensborgs,Karlstadt, 1933

Fra=: Eden des Amis du Beau et du Bon, Ostheim, Haut-Rhin, France, (Included saleof books from Karl Foerster,Camillo Schneider and Ernst Graff Sylva Tarrouca). Cailleux, Irises, 1959,1966 Vilmorin - Andrieux, Irises, 1938 Bourdillon, Irises, 1974 - 1975

114y: Iris di Villa Letitzia, 1962

The Netherlands: The Old Nursery; Farm Den Ouden & Son, Boskoop, 1935 - 1936 Koenigliche Handelsgaertenerei,Moerheim (BonneRuys), 1938,1939 Ang Grek, Hoorn, Orchids GebroedersVan Egmond, Oegstgeest,1938,1939 G.C. Van Meeuwen and Son, Heemstede,Bulbs, 1931

Page616 Appendix 13 : English LanguagePublications in Karl Foerster'sLibrary in 1992

Brand and Son, Boskoop, 1929 - 1930,1937 - 1938 Hopman and Son, Hillegorn, Bulbs, 1939 P. Van Noordt & Zonen, Boskoop, 1938 - 1939 C. Damen, Hillegorn, Bulbs, 1932 J.J. Gullemans and Sons,Lisse, 1962

Switzerland: Arnold Vogt, Erlenbach C. Frikart - Staefa Vatter,Irises, 1959

United States: McLellan Orchids, California, 1951 Orpington Irises, 1931,1932,1959,1962 Tell's, Irises, 1959,1960,1961 Cardinal Iris Gardens, 1960 Raleigh Hill Gardens, Irises, 1960 Arizona Mission Gardens, Irises, 1964 Brown! s Iris Gardens, 1960,1965 Blue Ribbon Iris Gardens, 1959 Sass Iris List, 1948 Royal Iris Garden, 1932 G. Wild and Son, Irises, 1964 Schreiners,Irises, 1960,1963 Marble Iris Gardens,1959 Walter Marx Garden,Irises, 1955 Cooley's Garden,Irises, 1967,1970,1972 Loyd Austin, Irises, 1951,1952,1958 de Jan Graaff, Lilies, 1964 - 1965,1965 - 1966

Page617 Appendix14 : Chronologyof GertrudeJekyll's Life

APPENDIX 14 : CHRONOLOGY OF GERTRUDE JEKYLL'S LIFE

Source: Tooley, Michael and Amander,Primrose: Gertrude Jekyll, Essayson the life ofa working amateur, 1995; GertrudeJeAyll, 1843-1932,A celebration, Museum of GardenHistory, 1993; Massingham,Betty: Gertrude Jekyll, 1975

Only her publications and events in Gertrude Jekyll's life consideredof relevanceto the subjectsdiscussed in the courseof this thesishave been included.

1843 Born: London,29 November,parents Edward and Julia Jekyll

1855 Travel: Brueckenau,Bavaria, with mother, sister and cousin

1869 Travel: Algiers and the Mediterranean

1861 Studiesat KensingtonSchool of Art

1863 Travel:Turkey, Rhodes and Greece on 10week tour with Charlesand Mary Newton

1865 Exhibits painting Cheekyat Royal Academy

1866 Visits International Flower Show, on 28 May

1866 Travel: Paris for two months

1867 Exhibits at Society of Female Artists

1868 First travel to Italy

1868 First known commission:Wargrave Hill, Berkshire,Capt. E. J. Jekyll

1869 Meetingwith William Morris

1872 Meetingwith Mr Ruskin

1872 Travel: Italy for 6 week

1873 Travel: Switzerlandas a guestof Mr and Mrs Blumenthal and goesto Algiers

Page618 Appendix 14 : Chronology of Gertrude Jekyll's Life

1875 Meeting with William Robinson at the office of The Garden

1875 Travel: Switzerland

1876 Travel: Paris,Switzerland and Venice

1876 Father, Edward Jekyll dies

1877 First fruit trees arrive at Munstead

1878 Moves to Munstead House and starts laying out the garden

1880 Visited by William Robinson and S. Reynolds Hole

1880 First referenceto Jekyll in The Garden

1880 First known commissionabroad: Le Chalet, Switzerland, M. Jacques Blumenthal ý

1880-onwards: -Jekyll has a steadytrickle of projects

1881 Firstarticle: "Some plants from Algeria! ', TheGarden, 19 (483), p. 202

1881 Conunission at Gishurst Cottage, by G.F. Wilson to create a 'flat alpine garden!

1881 Travel: Switzerland and Brittany 1 1882 Write-up about MunsteadHouse in The Garden,by William Goldring

1882 First of a seriesof articles on colour: "Colour in the flower garden", TheGarden, 22, (562),p. 177; (575),p. 470-1;

1882 Article: "Tall BorderPlants", The Garden, 22, (576),p. 490

1883 Buys 15acres of landopposite Munstead House and starts the layout of MunsteadWood

1883 Plan of MunsteadHouse gardenat William Robinson!s request

1883 Chapter: "Colour in the flower garden" in William Robinson, The English Flower Garden, London, pp. cx-cxii

Page619 Appendix 14 : Chronology of Gertrude Jekyll's Life

1883 Article: "Some July Flowers", The Garden, 26 (609) p. 50

1883 Article: "Tall BorderPlants", Gardening Illustrated, 5, (247)pp. 444- 5

1883 Travel:Capri, from whereshe sends plants to William Robinsonand Royal BotanicGardens, Kew.

1884 Article: "A Garden Picture", The Garden, 26 (673), p. 313

1884 Article: "Notes from Munstead", The Garden 26, (677), p. 392

1884 Article: "Some July Flowers", GardeningRlustrated, 6 (280), pp. 217- 8

1884 Article: "Autumn Flowers", The Garden, 26 (680), p. 452

1885 Start taking photographs

1885 Article: Tolour in Flowers",The Garden, 27, (698),pp. 277-8

1887 Travel: Switzerland

1889 MeetsEdwin Lutyensat Harry Mangels'homein Haselmere

1889 Article: "SomeJuly Flowers in Surrey", The Garden, 35, (917), p. 565

1891 Travel: AlexanderPagenstecher's Clinic in Wiesbadenfor cataract problems,is told to give up paintingand embroidery

1891 Article: "The Picturesqueuse of Hardy Summer Perennial Plants", Journal ofthe Royal Horticultural Society, 13, (3), pp. 324-8

1892 First entry in Munstead House visitor's book by Lutyens

1893 Lutyens preparesfirst plans for Munstead Wood

1893 Albert Zumbachfrom the much-visitedChalet in Switzerlandis appointedas head gardener

1894 The Huf built in thegrounds at MunsteadWood, to actas initial home until completionof the house,and later usefor workshopand garden purposes

Page620 Appendix 14 : Chronology of Gertrude Jekyll's Life

1895 Visit to Munstead Wood by Beatrix Farrandand Edith Warton

1895 Commissions: Following 27 years during which her commissions trickled in, Jekyll carried out 12 projects during this year.

1895 Mother, Julia Jekyll dies

1896 Constructionof houseat MunsteadWood is started

1896 Articles: first 16 articles published in The Guardian, later to be published as the basis for her first book: Wood and Garden

1897 Awarded the Victoria Medal of Honour in Horticulture by the Royal Horticultural Society

1897 Moves into Munstead Wood and startsto sell plants

1898 Commission: Goddards,Surrey

1898 Article: "Hardy Plant Borders", (with H. Selfe-Leonard),Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, 21 (3), pp. 433 -41 book: Wood& Garden: 1899 First notes and thoughts- practical and critical ofa workingamateur, London

1899 Visit. by EdwardHudson, owner of CountryLife, and E. T. Cook, editor of Ruskin's collectedworks.

1900 Co-editorwith E. T. Cookof TheGarden

1900 First illustrated article on Munstead Wood in Country Life, 8 December

Book: Home & Garden: 1900 notesand thoughts-practical and critical of a worker in both, London

1900 Article: "Formal Gardening merging into Free", The Garden, 58, (1504), pp. 197-8

1900 Article: "Formal Gardeningmerging into Free", The Garden,58, (1505),pp. 2234

1901 Book: Liliesfor English Gardens: A guidefor amateurs, London

Page621 Appendix14 : Chronologyof GertrudeJekyll's Life

1902 Travel: Brides-les-Bainsand Switzerland

1902 Visit by HelenAllingham to paint at MunsteadWood

1903 Article: "A well ColouredFlower Border", The Garden, 64, (1673),p. 405

1904 Book: SomeEnglish Gardens, London

1904 Commission:Hestercombe, Somerset

1904 Visit by Henry Correvon

1905 Article: "A Colour Scheme", The Garden, 67, (1729), p. 10

1905 Article: "Borders of Spring and Early Summer", The Garden, 68, (1770), p. 257

1907 Book: Germanpublication of Wood and Garden: Wald und Garten, Leipzig

1908 Commission: Upton Grey, Hampshire

1908 Book: Colour in the Flower Garden,London

1909 Visited by Ellen Willmott

1909 Article: "COlourNomenclature", The Garden, 73, (1978),p. 501

1910 Visited by JamesBritten, E. A. Bowlesand Helen Allingharn

1912 Article: "TheHardy Flower Border", Country Life, 31 (799),pp. 611- 12

1913 Article: "Grouping Flowers for Colour", The Garden, 77, (2167), P. 276

1913 Article: "Grouping for Colour", The Garden, 77, (2169), p. 298

1913 Article: "Some good Summer Flowers", The Garden, 77, (2173), p. 349

1913 Article: "A NaturalColour Study", The Garden, 34, (863),p. 87 1

Page622 Appendix 14 : Chronology of Gertrude Jekyll's Life

1913 Article: "Annuals for Filling Flower-borders",The Garden, 77, (2185), p. 495

1914 Book: Colour Schemesfor the Flower Garden, London

1915 Preface:Mrs FrancisKing, YheWell Considered Garden, New York, P. x

1916 Article: "Plantingfor AutumnEffect", The Garden, 80, (2315), p. 183 1 1916 Article: "An Early Summer Border", Country Life, 40, (1018), p. 38

1916 Article: "A July Flower Border", Country Life, 40, (1022), p. 161-2

1916 Article: "TheUse of GreyFoliage with BorderPlants", Country Life, 40, (1031), pp. 401-2

1916 Article: "A'July Flower Border", The Garden, 80, (2347), p. 548

1917 Visited by Lady Sackvill, Vita Sackvill-Wesfs mother

1917 Article: "The Fate of the South Border", The Garden, 81, (2357), p. 548

1917 Article: "The Fate of the South Border", Country Life, 41, (105 1), p. 179

1917 Article: "Cutting Back Hardy Perennials",The Garden, 81, (2376), p. 196 -

1919 Article: "Colourin theFlower Garden 111, Country Life, 45, (1159),pp. 308-9 -

1919 Article: "Colour in the Flower Garden Il", Countiy Life, 45, (1160), pp. 348-9

1919 Article: "A Gardenof SummerFlowers", Ladies Field, 86, (1109), 18

1919 Article: Tolour in theFlower Border", The Garden, 83, (2496), p. 450

1919 Article: "SeptemberFlowers", The Garden, 83, (2499),p. 485

1920 Visited by the Danishlandscape architect Georg Georgsen and the

Page623 Appendix14 : Chronologyof GertrudeJekyll's Life

Swedish gardendesigner G6ste Reuterswdrd

1920 Article: "A Colour Border for August", The Garden, 84, (2511), pp. 5-6

1920 Article: "TheFlower Border", Bulletin ofthe GardenClub ofAmerica, Mar. (2), New Series,pp. 5-8

1920 Commissions:Jekyll reachedthe highestnumber of commissions duringthis year,totalling 21 datedprojects.

1921 Chapter: "Old fashioned flowers" in E. T. Ellis, Black's Gardening Dictionary, London, pp. 692-6

1921 Article: "Border Plantsthat SucceedBest" The Garden, 85, (2573), p. 126

1921 Article: "The Use of Grey Foliage", Country Life, 49, -1vi, A

1922 Article: "Colour Effects in the Flower Garden",The Garden,86, (2638),p. 277

1922 Article: "Regulatingthe Flower Border", The Garden, 86, (2647), pp. 397-8

1922 Article: "A Blue Border",Country Life, 52, (1337),pp. 218-9

1922 Article: Tolour Effects in the late SummerBorder", The Garden, 86, (2651), p. 452

1922 Article: "SomeColour Effects in the Flower Garden",The Garden,86, (2653), p. 495

1923 Article: "A Flower Border for the whole Summer", Gardening Illustrated, 45, (2332), p. 717

1924 Introduction: G. F. Tinley, T. Humphreys,W. Irving: Colour Planning ofthe Garden, London, pp. ix-xvii

1924 Article: "Garden Borders", Homes & Gardens, 5, Feb., pp. 285-7

1924 Article: "Bordersround a House",Gardening Illustrated, 46, (2343), p. 68

Page624 Appendix 14 : Chronologyof GertrudeJekyll's Life

1924 Article: Borders of late SummerFlowers", Gardening Illustrated, 46, (2347), p. 128

1924 Article: "Summer Borders", The Garden, 88, (2748), pp. 495-6

1924 Article: "Borders of JuneFlowers", GardeningRlustrated, 46, (2372), p. 517

1924 Article: "The August Border", Gardening Illustrated, 46, (2378), p. 605

1924 Article: "A Double Border of late Summer Flowers", Gardening Illustrated, 46, (2379), p. 622 1 1924 Article: "Blues and Mauves in the Garden", Country Life, 56, (1450), p. 602

1924 Article: "Some Problems of the Flower Border", Gardening Illustrated, 16, August

1925 Article: "The August Borders", Gardening Illustrated, 47, (2392), p. 25

1925 Article: "The HerbaceousBorder", The Field, 145,(3763), p. 3

1925 Article: "Spring Plantingof SummerFlower Borders", Gardening Illustrated,47, (2401),p. 166

1925 Article: "Flowering Shrubs in the Flower Border", Gardening Illustrated, 47, (2442), p. 785

1926 Article: "Hardy Plants with Handsome Foliage", Gardening Illustrated, 48, (2474), p. 467

1926 Article: "A ScarletBorder", Gardening171ustrated, 48, (2478), p. 543

1926 Article: "Grey Foliage in the Flower Garden", Bulletin of the Garden Club ofAmerica, Nov. (12), 3rd series,pp. 9-10

1927 Preface: Mrs Francis King, The Flower Garden Day by Day, New York

1927 Article: "TheCare of theFlower Border", TheGarden, 91, (2895),p. 341

Page625 11

Appendix 14 -.Chronology of Gertrude Jekyll's Life

1927 Article: "The JuneBorders", 'Gardening Illustrated, 49, (2521), p. 407

1928 Chapter:"Garden-design on old-fashioned lines", E. T. Ellis, Black's Gardening Dictionary, 2nd ed., London, pp. 383-4

1928 Chapter: "Old fashioned flowers", E. T. Ellis, Black's Gardening Dictionary, London, 2nd ed., pp. 692-6

1928 Article: "A July FlowerBorder", Gardening Illustrated, 50, p. 641

1929 Awardedthe GoldVeitch Medal from the RoyalHorticultural Society

1929 Article: "Colour in Garden Planning", Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, 54, (2), pp. 282-3

1929 Article: Tolour in the Flower Border", Gardening Illustrated, 51, (2611), p. 204

1929 Article: "Oriental Poppies in the Flower Border", Gardening Illustrated, 5 1, (2630), p. 527

1932 Article: "Flowering Shrubs in the Flower Border", Gardening Illustrated, 54, (2794), p. 596

1932 1ýDied: 9th December

Page626 Appendix 15: Common Plant Names and their Latin Equivalents

APPENDIX 15: COMMON PLANT NAMES AND THEIR LATIN EQUIVALENTS

The list of common plant nameswhich occur throughtout the main body of the text. Latin genus,and where possible speciesnames have been given.

alyssum, variegated(Lobularia maritima) anemone,autumn or Japanese(Anemone hybrida) anemone(Anemone spp. ) anemone,garden (Anemone spp. ) anemone,florists' (Anemonespp. ) aster (Aster spp.) aubrietia (Aubrieta spp.) auricula, alpine (Primula auricula group) auricula (Primula auricula group) bacheloesbuttons (double forms of Ranunculus,Achillea, Centaurea or Craspedia) begonia (Begonia spp.) bluebells (Hyacinthoides)

calceolaria,yellow (Calceolaria spp.) candytufts (Iberis sempervirens)

canna(Canna spp.) Canterbury bells (Campanula medium) carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) carnations,clove and border (Dianthus caryophyllus) catmint (Nepeta spp.) Chilean beet ?

Christmas rose (Helleborus niger) colchicum.(Colchicum spp.) coreopsis(Coreopsis spp.) Page627 Appendix 15: Common Plant Names and their Latin Equivalents

crocus (Crocus spp.) daffodils (Narcissus spp.) dahlia (Dahlia cvs.)

daisies,double (Bellisperennis - doubleform) daisy,red, white andred variegated (Bellisperennis - white andred variegated forms) dames-violet,double (Resperis matronalls - doubleform) day lilies (Hemerocallisspp. ) delphinium(Delphinium spp. ) dog'stooth violet (Erythroniumdens-canis) Dutchman'sbreeches (Dicentra cucullaria) feverfew,double, white (Leucanthemumparthenicum- double form) flax, crimson(Linum sp.) flower-de-luce(Iris sp.) foxglove(Digitalis purpurea) gentianelle(Gentiana acaulis) gladiolus(Gladiolus spp. ) helianthus(Helianthus spp. ) hellebore,black (Helleborusniger) hellebores,white (Yeratrumspp. ) hepatica(Hepatica spp. ) hollyhock(Alcea rosea) honeysuckle,French (Hedysarum coronarium) hyacinth(Hyacynthus orientalis) iris, Spanish(Iris xiphium) iris, German(Iris germanica) iris, English(Iris xiphoidis) jasmine,Indian? July flowers(Dianthus cv. ) lavender(Lavendula spp. ) lavender,cotton (Santolina chamaecyparissus) Page628 Appendix15: CommonPlant Names and their Latin Equivalents

Lilies, red andwhite (Lilium candidumand other spp. ) lilies, tiger (Lilium t1grinum) lilies (Lilium spp.) - lily, St Bruno's(Paradisea liliastrum) Londonpride (Saxiftagaurbium) loosestrife (Lythrumsalicaria or Lysimachia) lychnis,scarlet (Lychnis chalcedonica) lyme grass(Miscanthus sinensis) lythrum,variegated (Lythrum salicaria - variegatedform) marguerites(Leucanthemum vulgare, ArSyranthemumftutescens) marigolds(CalenduI6 officinalis) meadowsweet (Filipendula u1maria) michaelmasdaisy (Aster spp. ) monkshood(Aconitum spp. ) myrtle (Myrtuscommunis) nonsuch,double (Medicago lupulina) oleander(Nerium oleander) pampasgrass (Cortaderia selloana) pansy,blue, purle andyellow (Viola cvs.) pea,everlasting (Lathyrus latifolius) peas,sweet (Lathyrus odoratus) penstemon(Penstemon spp. ) penstemon,florists' (Penstemonspp. ) peonies(Paeonia spp. ) phlox (Phloxspp. ) Bromptonstock (Matthiola incana) picotee(Dianthus caryophyllus) pink, old white scented(Dianthus caryophyllus cvs. ) pinks,red andwhite (Dianthuscaryophyllus cvs. ) pinks (Dianthuscaryophyllus) Page629 Appendix 15: Common Plant Names and their Latin Equivalents pinks, show (Dianthus caryophyllus cvs.) polyanthus,(Primulapolyantha) pomegranates(Punica granata) poppy, oriental (Papaver orientale) primrose tree (Oenothera sp.) primrose, red (Primula spp.) pyrethrurn (Chrysanthemumcoccineum) ranunculus(Ranunculus spp. ) rocket, double white and peach (Hesperis matronalis evs.) rocket, double (Hesperis matronalis cvs.) rose champion, double(Lychnis coronaria double form) rose campion (Lychnis coronaria) rosemary (Rosmarinusofficinalis) rue (Ruta graveolens) saxifrages,mossy (Saxifraga moschata) sedurn(Sedum spp. ) snapdragon(Antirrhinum majus) snowdrops,single and double (Galanthus nivalis and cvs.) soapwort (Saponaria ocymoides) solomon's seal (Polygonatum x hybridum)

stock gilly flower, double (Matthiola incana - double form) stocks (Matthiola incana) sunflower, perennial (Helianthus spp.)

sweet William, double (Dianthus barbatus - double form) sweet William (Dianthus barbatus) thrift (Armeria maritima and other species) tropaeolum.(Tropaeolum spp.) tulip (Tulipa spp. and cvs.) valerian (Centranthus ruber) verbena,(Yerbena spp.) '

Page630 Appendix 15: Common Plant Names and their Latin Equivalents violet (Viola spp.) wall flowers(Cheiranthus cheiri) wallflowers, double (Erysimum cheiri - double form)

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Loudon,John Claudius, "Design for a FlowerGarden on Gravel,by the Conductor", Gardener'sMagazine, Vol. 18,1842,pp. 180-2

Loudon, John Claudius,"On Laying out and planting the Lawn, Shrubbery,and Flower-Garden",Gardener's Magazine, Vol. 19,1843,pp. 166-77

Loudon,John Claudius, "Notes on Gardensand CountrySeats visited from July 27 to September 16th, during a tour through part of Middlesex, Berkshre, Buckinghamshire,Oxfordshire, Wiltshire, Dorsetshire, Hampshire, Sussex and Kent

Page641 Bibliography by the Conductor", Gardener's Magazine, Vol. 9,1844, pp. 641-83 (P. 680: description of Bearwood)

Lovell, George, "Mixed Versus Massed Flower Beds", The Gardeners' Chronicle, 1849,p. 483

Luckhurst, Edward, "Old-FashionedFlowers", Journal ofHorticulture and Cottage Gardener, 1879, p. 103

M., "Arrangement of Flowers", The Gardeners'Chronicle, 1849, p. 419

M., "The Mixed FlowerBed andits edging",Gardeners'Chronicle, Vol. 30,1901, p. 25

M., "An Inquiry...", TheGardeners'Chronicle, 1849, p. 419

M.,R. M. E., "Flower Border in a Kitchen Garden",Gardening Illustrated, Vol. 4, 1882,p. 490

MacKenzie, Peter, "Harmony of Colours", 1841,p. 685, Gardeners'Chronicle

Menzies, John, "A List and Descriptionof Hardy HandsomeFlowering Border Plants", TheFloricultural Cabinet,Vol. 3,1835, pp. 148-9

M'Intosh,Charles, "The Garden" (from M'Intosh,Charles: The Book of the Garden), Blackwood'sMagazine, Vol. 73, p. 133

Miller, W. A., "The Flower Garden", Gardeners'Chronicle, 1905i, p. 23

Morton,The Earl of, "TheTree and Garden Books at GravetyeManor", Journal ofthe RoyalHorticultural Society,1957, pp. 173-8

Niven,I C., "HardyFlowers, Alpine Plantsand the Wild Garden",The Garden, Vol. 7,1876, pp. 98-9

Niven, J. C., "Hardy Flowers,Alpine Plantsand the Wild Garden.How to Plantan HerbaceousBorder", TheGarden, Vol. 7,1875, pp. 165-6

Oxon.,"The Wild Gardenin Spring",The Garden, Vol. 9,1876, p. 145

OR, J., "Our Native Plantsand Femsin the Wild Garden",The Garden,Vol. 10, 1876,pp. 177-8

P., 0., "HerbaceousPlants", The Florist, 1857, p. 314

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P., S. From Rushmere, "Hardy Herbaceous Perennials in Bloom" The Cottage Gardener, Vol. 18,1857, pp. 219 and 284 Paddock,J., "Planting Perennials",Gardeners'Chronicle, Vol. 7,3rd series, 1890,p. 271,334

Prosper, Karl, "The Choice Garden: Hardy HerbaceousPlants", The Floral World, 1866, pp. 300-3

Read, Quintin, "SomerfordPark", TheJournal of Horticulture and The Cottage Gardener,Vol. 7,1864, pp. 454-5

R., J., "The Kitchen Garden",The Cottage Gardener, Vol. 7,185 1, p. 196

R., W., "Flower GardenImprovement", Gardening Illustrated, Vol. 3,1882, p. 377

Robinson,William, "The Flower Gardenat GravetyeManor", Country Life, Vol. 32, 1912, pp. 409-10

Robinson,William, "In the Garden,An April view by the Water-Side",Count? y Life, Vol. 33,1913, pp. 606-7

Robinson,William, "In the Garden,planting by Lake,River and Sea",Country Life, Vol. 34,1913,pp. 452-3

Robinson,William, "In the Garden,The Wild Gardenoverdone", Country Life, Vol. 37,1915, pp. 669-72

Robson,J., "Hardy HerbaceousPerennials and Their Neglect", The CottageGardener, Vol. 22,1859, p. 26

Rutger, Thomas, "A Seriesof Designsfor Laying Out Kitchen Gardens", Gardener's Magazine, Vol. 11,1835, pp. 13-5

S., Tolour in the Flower Garden", The Garden, 1882, pp. 470-1

S., C. B. From Jersey,"Flower GardenPlan", The Cottage Gardener, Vol. 15,1855, p. 374

S., T., "My Allotment Garden",Gardening Illustrated, Vol. 3,18 8 1, p. 449

S., T., "On the Culture and Selectionof Showy Hardy HerbaceousPlants", The Floricultural Magazine,Vol. 5,1841, pp. 193-4

Page643 Bibliography

Seafield,J. G., "Border in a Kitchen Garden", GardeningRfustrated, Vol. 4,1882, p. 506

Shadwell,R. M., "Fifty Years Ago: Mixed Flower Borders 13.12.1884",Gardening Illustrated, Vol. 56,1934, p. 737

Sonntag, C., (Rhine Nursery in Hilden), "Hardy Plants in Gennany", Gardeners' Chronicle, Vol. 13,1893, p. 132

T., J. S., "Colour Combinations", The Garden, Vol. 18,1880, p. 424

Taylor,W., " Gemsof the HerbaceousBorder", TheJournal ofHorticulture and The CottageGardener, Vol. 29,1875,pp. 149-50

Taylor,W., "MixedBorders", The Journal ofHorticulture and TheCottage Gardener, Vol. 31,1876,p. 324

U., "Errors in Planting HerbaceousBorders", The Garden, Vol. 10,1876, p. 380

'Upwards & Onwards', " Arrangements of Mixed Flower Borders", The Cottage Gardener, Vol. 15,1856, p. 319

W., E., "HardyGrasses", Gardening Illustrated, Vol. 1,1880,pp. 705-7

W., T., "Silver-Leaved Edging Plants", Gardening illustrated, Vol. 1,1879, p. 386

W., W., " Colour effects in the Garden", The Garden, Vol. 27,18 85, p. 308

Wadds, Bailey, "The Flower Garden", Gardeners'Chronicle, 1895, pp. 12,171

Weaver,T., "HardyHerbaceous Plants", The Cottage Gardener, Vol. 6,185 1, p. 137

Weaver,T., "HerbaceousBorder in the Garden",The Journal ofHorticulture and The CottageGardener, Vol. 2,18 61, pp. 192-3

Williams, Robert,"Edwardian Gardens, Old andNew", Journal ofGarden History, Vol. 13,no's 1&2,1993, pp. 90-103

Wiltshire Rector,"Past and Future",The Journal of Horticulture and The Cottage Gardener,Vol. 28,1875, pp.1 -2

Wood,Williarn, "SelectSpring Flowering Plants for Groups& C.", TheGardeners' Chronicle,1849, p. 261

Page644 Bibliography

Worsley, Giles, "Goddards,Surrey; the Property of the Lutyens Trust", Country Life, 28.11.91, P. 2

X., E., From Braintree Essex,"A Mixed Flower Garden", The Gardeners'Chronicle, 1849, p. 341

X., E., From Braintree Essex, "Mixed Beds v. Masses", The GardenersChronicle, 1849, p. 421

Books

Anon.,Flora Domesticaor thePortable Flower Garden,1831

Anon.,The Finchley Manuals ofIndustry - No H: Gardening,1850, Joseph Masters, London,3rd Edition

Anon., Cottage Gardening, a Practical Manual, 1896, W. & R. Chambers Ltd, London

Adamson, Robert, The Cottage Garden 1851, Leven, Edinburgh

Allan, Mea, William Robinson.1838-1935. Father of the English Flower Garden, 1982,Faber & Faber,London

Amhcrst, Alicia, A History of Gardening in England, 1896, London, 2nd Edition

B., E.V., Days and Hours in a Garden, 1887, Eliot Stock, London, 6th Edition

Bisgove, Richard,The Gardens of GertrudeJekyll, 1992,London, Frances Lincoln

Blomfield, Reginald, The Formal Garden in England 1892 (facsimile 1985) Waterstone,London

Bloom, Alan, Alan Bloom'sHardy Perennials- NewPlants Raised and Introduced by A Life Long Plantsman,199 1, Batsford,London

Bradley,Richard, New Improvements ofPlanting and Gardening,Both Philosophical andPractical. Partii, 1717,London

Bright, Henry, TheEnglish Flower Garden1881, London

Clarkc,Kcnneth, Civilisation 1969,BBC & JohnMurray, London

Page645 Bibliography

Clayton Caldirop, Dion, The Charm of the English Garden, 1910, Bracken Books, London, Faximile 1985, illustrated by Beatrice Parsonsand George Elgood

Coats,Alice, Flowersand their Histories, 1956,London

Coats,Alice, Flowersand their Histories, 1968,2ndedition, London

Crisp, Sir Frank,Mediaeval Gardens, 1924, facsimile edition editedby Catherine Childs Patterson,Hacker Arts Books,New York 1966

Crouch,David and Ward, Colin, TheAllotment, its Landscapeand Culture, 1988, Faber& Faber,London

De Candolle,A. P. & Sprenger,K., Elementsof the Philosophy ofPlants, [translated From German], 1821, Edinburgh

Duthie, Ruth, Florist's Flowers and Societies, 1988, Shire Garden History. PublicationsNo. 2, Aylesbury

Elliott, Brent, Victorian Gardens, 1986, Batsford, London

Elgood, GeorgeS., Jekyll, Gertrude,Some English Gardens,1904, Longmans Green & Co, London

Evelyn, John,Kalendarium Hortense.Or the Gardener'sAlmanac Directing "at He is to Do Monthly Throughout the Year, 1664, London

Gilpin, William Sawrey,Practical Hints upon LandscapeGardening 1832, London

Girotwd, Mark, Sweetnessand Light - the QueenAnne Movement 1860 - 1900,1977, Oxford UniversityPress, Oxford

Glenny,George, Notesftom the Gardener'sEveryday Book 1856, London

Gorer,Richard, The Growth of Gardens,1979, London

Gorer,Richard, The Development of GardenFlowers, 1970,London

Griffith, Mark, IndexofGarden Plants, 1994Macmillan, London

Gunn,Fenj a, TheLost Gardensof GertrudeJekyll, 1991, CharlesLetts & Co

Hadfield,M; Harling,R; Highton,L, British Gardeners;A BiographicalDictionary, 1980,Zwemmer, London

Page646 Bibliogmphy

Hanmer, Sir Thomas, The Garden Book of Sir Thomas Hanmer, 1659, London, faximile Introducedby EleanorSinclair Rohde, Written in 1659,First Published 1933

Harvey,John, The Georgian Garden: An 18thCentury Nurseryman's Catalogue: John Kingston Galpine, 178Z The Dovecote PressLtd, Surrey, published in 1983, Introductionand Commentary by JohnHarvey

Harvey,John, Mediaeval Gardens, 1981, Batsford, London

Harvey,John, Early Nurserymen,1974, Phillmore & Co, London

Hibberd,James Shirley, The Amateur's Flower Garden,1871, Croom Helm, London & Sydney;Timber Press,Portland, Oregon, 1986, faximile Edition of I st Edition

Holme,Charles, the Gardens ofEngland in theMidlands and Eastern Counties, 1908, Officesof The Studio,London

Hobhouse, Penelope,Wood, Christopher, Painted Gardens English Watercolours 1850-1914,1988, Pavillion, London

Hobhouse,Penelope, Plants in Garden History, 1992, Pavillion, London

Hope, FrancesJane, Notes and Thoughtson Gardensand Woodlands,1881, MacMillan, London

Hoyles,Martin, GardenersDelight, GardeningBooksftom 1560-1960,1994,Pluto Press,London

Hughes,John Arthur, GardenArchitecture and LandscapeGardening, 1866,London

Huxley,Anthony, An illustratedHistory of Gardening,1978, Paddington Press, New York

Ingilby,A Practical Treatiseofflowers - 1735,1985ed. by PeterAram, intro. Frank Felstein,Leeds philosophical & LiterarySociety Ltd.

Jackson,Maria Elizabeth,The Florist's ManualýOr Hintsfor the ConstructionofA GayFlower Garden,1816, London, I st Edition

Jackson,Maria Elizabeth,The Florist's Manual; Or Hintsfor the ConstructionofA GayFlower Garden,1822, London,2nd Edition

Jacques,David, GeorgianGardens, The Reign offature, 1990,Batsford, London

Page647 Bibliography

James, John, The Theory and Practice of Gardening, 1728, London, 2nd Ed.; Translation From Book by Le Sieur Alexandre Le Blond

Jekyll, Gertrude,Wood and Garden, 1981, Antique CollectorsClub, Woodbridge, reprintof 1899Edition

Jekyll, Gertrude,Lilies for English Gardens, 1982, Antique Collectors Club, Woodbridge,reprint of 19.01Edition

Jekyll, Gertrude,Home and Garden,1986, Antique CollectorsClub, Woodbridge, reprint of 1900Edition

Jekyll, Gertrude,Colour Schemesfor the Flower Garden,1987, Antique Collectors Club, Woodbridge,reprint of 1936Edition

Jekyll, Gertrude, A Gardener's Testament,1987, Antique Collectors Club, Woodbridge,reprint of 1937Edition

Jekyll, Gertrude& Weaver,Lawrence, Gardens for Small Country Houses,nd, CountryLife, London

Johnson,George William, TheGardeners Dictionary, 1884,Covent Garden

Johnson,George William, A History ofEnglish Gardening,1829, London

Johnson,George William, A HistoryofEngfish Gardening, 1829, London, facsimile Edition

Johnson,George Williarn, The Kitchen and Flower Garden, 1843, London

Johnson,George William, A Dictionary ofModern Gardening, 1846, London

Kemp, Edward, How to Lay Out A Garden, 1858, London, 2nd Edition

Kemp, Edward, How to Lay Out a Small Garden,1850, London

Laird, Mark, The Formal Garden: Traditions of Art and Nature, 1992, London, Thames and Hudson;

Langley, Batty, New Principles of Gardening, 1728, London

Latouche, John, (Syn. 0. J. F. Crawfurd) Country House Essays,1876, London

Page648 Bibliography

Lawson, William, A New Orchard and Garden, Including the Country House-Wifes Garden, 1617, The Crescent Press Ltd, London, faximile Edition of 1927, Incorporating Two Books. The Counry House-Wifes Garden, I st Edition 1617,3rd Edition 1626. - Loftie, Mrs., Social Twitters,1879, London

Lord, Tony, BestBorders, 1994, Frances Lincoln, London

Loudon,Jane, The Ladie's Companion to the Flower Garden,1842, William Smith, London

Loudon,Jane, The Ladie's Companion to the Flower Garden,1865, Bradbury and Evans,London, 8th andLast Edition, Correctedand Enlarged by CharlesEdmonds

Loudon,John Claudius, Observations on the Formationand Managementof Useful and OrnamentalPlantations; on the Theoryand PracticeofLandscape Gardening and on Gainingand EmbankingLand From RiversOr theSea 1804,Edinburgh

Loudon, John Claudius, A Treatise on Forming, Improving and Managing Residences,1806, Vol. I and 2, faximile Edition of 1971

Loudon,John Claudius, Hints on the Formationof Gardensand PleasureGrounds, 1812,London

Loudon, John Claudius,An Encyclopaedia of Gardening, 1822, London

Loudon, John Claudius, An Encyclopaediaof Gardening, 1825, London

Loudon, John Claudius, An Encyclopaediaof Gardening, 1834, London

Loudon,John Claudius, The Suburban Gardener and Villa Companion,183 8, London

Loudon,John Claudius, In SearchofEnglish Gardens:the Travelsofj C. Loudon and His WifeJane, 1990,Century Books, London, National Trust ClassicsReprint

M'intosh,Charles, The Book ofthe Garden,Vol. 1,1853,and Vol. 2,1855,Edinburgh & London

M'intosh,Charles, The Flower Garden; with SelectedLists ofAnnuals,Biennials and PerennialsFlowering Plants, 1838,London

Major, Joshua,The Theory and Pactice ofLandscape Gardening, 1852, London

Page649 Bibliogmphy

Martineau,Alice, TheHerbaceous Garden, 1913, Williams and Norgate,London, first Edition

Martineau, Alice, 7he Herbaceous Garden, 1923, Williams and Norgate, London, fourth Edition

Massingham,Betty, GertrudeJekyll, 1992,Shire Publications, Lifeline 37

Mason,George, An Essayon Designin Gardening,1795, London, first ed. 1768

Mawe,Thomas, Every Man His Own Gardener,1767, London, 2nd Edition

Mawe,Thomas, & Abercrombic,John, The UniversalGardener and Botanist,Or A GeneralDictionary ofGardening and Botany,1777, London

Mawe,Thomas, & Abercrombie,John, The UniversalGardener and Botanist,Or A GeneralDictionary of Gardeningand Botany,1797, London

Mawson,Thomas H., TheArt and Craft of GardenMaking, 1912,4thEd. London, Batsford

Meader, James,The Planter's Guide, 1779 London

Mclean,Teresa, Afedieval English Gardens, 198 1, Barrie& Jenkins,London

Miller, Philip, 7heGardener's Dictionary. ýContaining the Methods ofCultivation and Improving the Kitchen, Fruit and Flower Garden.As Also the Physick Garden, Wilderness,Conservatory and Vineyard,173 1, London

Mitford, Mary Russell, My Garden, 1990, Sidgwick & Jackson, London, selected From the Letters and Recollections of M. r. Mitford, Edited by Robin Marsack

Murray,James Editor, A NewEnglish Dictionary on HistoricalPrinciples - Founded Mainly on the Materials Collectedby the PhilologicalSociety, Vol. 1,1888, edited by JamesA. H. Murray,Oxford

Museum of GardenHistory, GertrudeJekyll: 1843-1932:A Celebration,1993, Museumof GardenHistory, Kerry Press,Luton, Introduction by FrancescaGreenoak

Nash,Joseph, Mansions ofEngland in the OldenTimes, 1839-49

Nicol, Walter, The Villa GardenDirectory, 1809,Edinburgh

Nicol, Walter,,The Gardener's Kalendar, 18 10, Edinburgh

Page650 Bibliography

Osbome,Harold, cd., The Oxford Companionto Art 1992,The ClarendonPress, Oxford

Parkinson,John, Paradis! in Sole Paradisus Terrestris, 1629

Perry, Fmnces,Collins Guide to Border Plants - Hardy HerbaceousPerennials, 1957, Collins, London

Perry,Francis, Yhe Herbaceous Border, 1951, CollingridgeLtd, London,(I st Edition 1948)

Philip, Chris, ThePlant Finder, 1995,The Royal HorticulturalSociety

Phillips, Henry, Sylva Florifera: 7he ShrubberyHistorically and Botanically Treated 1823, London, 2 volumes

Phillips, Henry,Flora Historica, 1824,London

Polunin, 0., and Stainton, A., Flowers of the Himalaya, 1984, Oxford University Press

Prest,John, The Garden OfEden, the BotanicGarden and Re-CreationofParadise 1981, Yale UniversityPress, New Haven

Rea,John, Flora, Ceres& Pomonain Flora SeuDe Florum Cultura.Or, A Complete Florilege Furnishedwith All RequisitesBelonging to A Florist., 1676,London, the 2nd ImpressionCorrected with Many Additionsand Several New Plantsin 3 Books

Repton,Humphry, The Landscape Gardening and Landscape Architecture ofthe Late HunphryRepton Esq. a NewEdition by J C. Loudon,1840, London

Repton,Ilumphrey, The Art ofLandscapeGardening, Including Sketches and Hints on LandscapeGardening (1795) and the 7heory and Practice of Landscape Gardening(1803), 1907, American Society of LandscapeArchitects, Edited by John Nolen, London,Boston, New York

Robinson,William, 7he SubtropicalGarden, or Beauty of Form in the Flower Garden,187 1, JohnMurray, London

Robinson,William, GardenDesign andArchitect's Gardens, 1892, John Murray, London

Robinson,William, HomeLandscapes, 1914, John Muffay, London

Page651 Bibliogmphy

Robinson,William, Hardy Flowers, 1871, London

Robinson, William, Hardy Flowers, 1888, The Garden Office, London

Robinson, William, The English Flower Garden, 1883, John Murray, London, Ist Edition

Robinson, William, The English Flower Garden, 1889, John Murray, London, 2nd Edition

Robinson,William, TheEnglish Flower Garden,1893, John Murray, London,3rd Edition

Robinson,Williarn, TheEnglish Flower Garden,1895, John Murray, London,4th Edition

Robinson,William, TheEnglish Flower Garden,1897, John Murray, London,5th Edition

Robinson,William, TheEnglish Flower Garden,1898, John Murray, London,6th Edition

Robinson, William, The English Flower Garden, 1899, John Murray, London, 7th Edition

Robinson,William, 7he EnglishFlower Garden,1900, John Murray, London, 8th Edition

Robinson,William, 7he EnglishFlower Garden,1905, John Murray, London,9th Edition

Robinson,William, TheEnglish Flower Garden,1907, John Murray, London,loth Edition

Robinson,William, TheEnglish Flower Garden,1909, John Murray, London,I Ith Edition

Robinson,William, TheEnglish Flower Garden,1914, John Murray, London, 12th Edition

Robinson,William, TheEnglish Flower Garden,1921, John Muffay, London,13th Edition

Page652 Bibliography

Robinson,William, The English Flower Garden, 1926, John Murray, London, 14th Edition

Robinson,William, The English Flower Garden, 1933, John Murray, London, 15th Edition

Robinson,William, The English Flower Garden, 1934, John Murray, London, I Sth Edition

Robinson,William, TheEnglish Flower Garden,1956, John Murray, London, 16th Ed. Revisedand Edited by Roy Hay

Robinson,William, GravetyeManor Or 20 Years'WorkRoundAnOldManor House, 1911,John Murray, London

Robinson, William, Gravetye Manor, Tree and Garden Book and Building Record, Vol. 1,1885 onwards, Vol. 2,1893-1911, hand-written document in 2 vols., not published

Robinson, William, The Wild Garden, 1870, John Murray, London, I st edition

Robinson, William, The Wild Garden, 1894,John Murray, London

Robinson, William, The Wild Garden, 1929,John Murray, London

Scott-James,Anne, TheCottage Garden, 1982, London

Sedding,John, Garden Craft, Old and New, 1891,London

Sowerby, James,Flora Luxurians: Or the Florist's Delight, 1789-91

Stearn, W. T., Stearn's Dictionary of Plant Namesfor Gardeners, 1992, Cassell, London

Sutherland,William, HandbookofHardy HerbaceousFlowers & Alpine Flowers, 1871,Edinburgh & London

Swinden, N., The Beauties ofFlora Displaye'd, 1778

Symes, Michael, A Glossary of Garden History, 1993, Shire Garden History Publications,No. 6, Aylesbury

Thacker,Christopher, The History of Gardens,1979, Croom Helm, London

Page653 Bibliography

ThompSon,Robert, The Gardener'sAssistant, 1903

Thomson, David, Handy Book ofthe Flower Garden, 1868, Edinburgh & London

Tinley, G., Humphreys,T., Irving, W., Colour Planning ofthe Garden, 1924,London

Tooley, Michael, & Arnander, Primrose, Gertrude Jekyll, 1995, Michaelmas Books

Trehane,Piers, Index Hortensis, Volume 1: Perennials,1989, Quartedack Publishing, Wimbourne

Triggs, Inigo, Formal Gardensin England and Scotland, 1988,re-worked version of 1902 edition, with new photographs,Antique Collector's Club, Suffolk

Tutin, T. G., Flora Europaea, Vols. 1-5,1964-1980, Cambridge University Press -

Underwood,Mrs Desmond,Grey and Silver Plants, 1971, Collins, London

Ward,H. W., My Gardener,a Practical Handbookforthe Million, 1891,London

Watson, Forbes, Flowers and Gardens, 1872, London

Weston, Richard, The English Flora, 1775, London

Wilkinson, Gardner, On Colour and the Necessityfor a General Diffusion of Taste among all Classes,1858

Wood, John,Hardy Perennialsand Old-FashionedGarden Flowers, no date(late 19thC.? ), London

Wright, Walter P., Hardy Perennials and Herbaceous Borders, 1912; The SwarthmorePress, London, 2nd Impression

Archival and Other Sources

Note: IVG standsfor IsabelleVan Groeningen

Anon., "The History of GravetyeManor", n,. d., Pamphletsent by GravetyeManor

Arley Hall GuideBook, "Arley Hall Gardens",an Account by ViscountessAshbrook, n.d.

Arley Hall GuideBook, "Arley Hall, Cheshire",Michael Flower, 1982

Page654 Bibliography

Arley Hall Guide Book, "Arley Hall GardensCheshire", Michael Flower, 1984

Arley Hall Guide Book, "The Story of Arley Hall 1831-1991", Elizabeth Ashbrook, 1991

Bloom, Alan, 'interview with the author at BressinghamHall on 24.8.1994

Bloom, Alan, to IVG, 7.9.1992,authoes collection

Bonhamsof Chelsea,Flower and GardenOil Paintings,Watercolours and Prints, Auctionedat Bonhamson 26th May 1994,Bonharns, Montpelier Street,London, SW7 IHH

Bowie, David, & Bowie, Wendy,letter 21.8.1992,author's collection

ChristopherWood Gallery, Annual SummerExhibition offine English Watercolours andDrawings, Summer 1991,15 Motcombe Street, London, SWlX 8LB

English Heritageentry for Arley Hall, Cheshire,Register of Historic Parks and GardensofSpecial Historical Interestin England,Vol. 6,1986

English Heritage entry for GravetyeManor, West Sussex,Register offfistoric Parks and Gardens ofSpecial Historical Interest in England, Vol. 44,1984

Eyink, Hagen P., "Gartenarchitektur bei William Morris (1834-1896) und Seinen Nachfolgern sowie der Einfluss Ihrer Ideen in Deutschland bis in die Zwanziger Jahre" 5. Jahrgang,Heft 2,1993, Die Gartenkunst

Girouard,Mark, HardwickHall, 1994,Guidebook, The NationalTrust

Hay, John, "Design of a Kitchen Gardenand Flower Gardenwhich may be Executed on a Spot Pointedout at Lochnaw, Belonging to Sir Andrew Agnew Bart." 1812,copy of a section of the plan, courtesy of Andrew Sclater

Harris,John, "John Claudius Loudon and the Early 19thCentury in GreatBritain: the ImperfectIdeas on the Genesisof the LoudonesqueFlower Garden" 1980, pp. 45-58, editedby ElizabethMacdougall, Washington, Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium. on the History ofLandscapeArchitecture

Index Kewensis, Vols. 1-4 & supps. 1-19,1893-199 1, Clarendon Press,Oxford

Ingwersen,Paul, to IVG 3.8.1992,author's collection

Page655 Bibliography

Ingwersen,W. E. Th., "PressHand-Out on the occasionof our Diamond Jubilee -A Brief History of Walter Ingwersen V. M. H., and Birch Farm Nursery", no date, courtesy of Nicole Millette

Kelways Nurscry Cataloguc, 1881

Kelways Nursery Catalogue, 1891

Kelways Nursery Catalogue, 1897

KelwaysNursery Catalogue, 1899

KelwaysNursery Catalogue, 1900

KelwaysNursery Catalogue, 1926

Laird, Mark, " An Approach to the Conservationof OrnamentalPlanting in English Gardens,1720-1830, with SpecialReference to the use of OrnamentalShrubs", 1984, IoAAS, University of York

Lord, Tony, Notesof an interviewwith GrahamStuart Thomas on 20.5.1993

N. M. R. Swindon, Aerial photograph collection, Arley Hall, SJ 6780/3,55674809, CAP 8142/99,11 Aug. 1953

N. M. R. Swindon, Photographiccollection, Arley Hall, 5598-5603 (1904)

N. M. R. Swindon, Photographiccollection, Arley Hall, L5738-5744 (1904)

N. M. R. Swindon, Photographiccollection, Gravetye Manor, 8288-8 (1912)

N. M. R. Swindon, Photographiccollection, Gravetye Manor, L8573-6 (1912)

N. M. F, Swindon, Photographiccollection, Gravetye Manor, 1983, view from bank acrossWest Gardento house

N. M. R. Swindon,Photographic collection, Gravetye Manor, 1983,view downpath to house,parallel to bankand West Garden

OrdnanceSurvey plans, 1:25", 1910 GravetyeManor and Arley Hall, N.M. R., Swindon

Rose, Hector, "Report by Hector Roseon the Condition of the Royal Gardens", 15.4.1868and 1.8.1869,Royal ArchivesWindsor, Rahhl/68

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Sotheby's,The Garden and Selected Watercoloursand Oil Paintings, Auction held on 25 May 1994,Sotheby's Summers Place, Billingshurst, West Sussex,RH14 9AD

Tait, A., "John ClaudiusLoudon and the Early 19th Century in GreatBritain: Loudon and the Return to Formality" 1980, pp. 59-76, edited by Elizabeth MacDougall, Washington, 10 March 1996 Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium on the History of LandscapeArchitecture

Wolsclcy, Frances Garnet Viscountess, "Notes and Pictures of Gardens and of Interesting PlacesVisited from 1913 to 1924", Scrapbook;Hove Central Library

2. Sources of Information, Relating to the German Subject Matter

Periodieals Anon., "Beschaffenheit und Einteilung eines Blumengartens und Gruppirung der Pflanzen", Neubert's Gartenmagazin, 1851, pp. 118-24

Anon., "Teppich-Terrasse",Neubert's Gartenmagazin, 1896, p. 125

Anon., "Geschichteund Literatur der Gartenkunstvom Anfang bis zur Mitte des 19ten Jahrhunderts%Neubert's Gartenmagazin, 1851, pp. 209-15,241-8,257-61,273-6, 289-93,306-7

A.: Tine Blumengruppe", Zeitschriftfuer Bildende Gartenkunst, 1893, pp. 11-2

Barth, E., "Die Richtige Verwendungvon Blumen im Garten",Die Gartenkunst,Vol. 15,1913, pp. 238-9

Dendrophilus,"Der wilde Garten", Gartenzeitung.1882, pp. 35-39,83-7,130-3,215- 6,282-5,331-5,361-4,403-6,428-32 and 1883,pp. 31-4

Foerster,Karl, "Bepflanzungsplaene:'Gelbe- Sommerund Herbstbeete'", Verlag der Gartenschoenheit, 1921, p. 53

Foerster,Karl, "ErleichterteGartenarbeit an Stauden",Die Gartenschoenheit,1924, pp.188-9

Foerster,Karl, "Kleinarbeitund Dauererfahrung I", Die Gartenschoenheit,1925, pp. 8- 10

Page657 Bibliography

Foerster, Karl, 'Weinarbeit und DauererfahrungIV', Die Gartenschoenheit,1925, pp.36-8

Foerster,Karl, "Bepflanzungsplaene:Eine Staudenecke",Die Gartenschoenheit,1927, pp.303-4

Foerster, Karl, "Blumengaertenfuer Intelligente Faule", PotsdammerJahresschau, 1928

Foerster,Karl, "Das Wasserim Garten", Die Gartenschoenheit,193 0, pp. 121-2

Foerster,Karl, "Einzug der WinterharteSchmuckgraeser in die Gaerten",Die Gartenschoenheit,193 1, part 1, p. 22, part 2, p. 54

Foerster,Karl, "Gartenals Gemeinschaftsraum", Die Gartenschoenheit,1934, pp. 146- 8

Foerster, Karl, "Graeser in Sonnigen und Schattigen Steingaerten", Die Gartenschoenheit1936, p. 245

Foerster,Karl, "Mammutstauden",Die Gartenschoenheit,1936, pp. 179-80

Foerster, Karl, Tortshritte der deutschenSchau- und Sichtungsgartenbewerbung", Die Gartenschoenheit,1940, pp. 221-2

Foerster, Karl, & Schneider, Camillo, Die Gartenschoenheit, 1920-1941, Oskar Kuehl, Verlag der GartenschoenheitGmbh, Berlin-Westend

Funcke, Walter, "Der Schau-und Sichtungsgartenauf der FreundschaftsInseP, Gartenünd Landschaft,heft 1,1957

Glaab,L., "Ueber Pflanzender salzburgischenBauemgaerten und Bauerngaertenim Allgemeinen", BotanischesMonatschrift, 1892, pp. 155-8

Groening,G. & Wolschke-Bulman, J., "Some Notes on the Mania for Native Plants in Germany", LandscapeJournal, Vol. 1, no.2,1992

H., "Zwei Vorgaertchen",Zeitschriftfuer BildendeGartenkunst, 1891, pp. 42-4

Hagemann,Heinz, Tr Wies Uns Den Weg, Zum 100. GeburtstagKarl FoerstersAm 9. Maerz 1974", Der Stauden Garten, heft 1,1974, Sonderdruck fuer die Karl-Foerster-Stiftung fuer angewandteVegetationskunde

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Heicke, C., "Welche Mittel stehendem Gaertnerzu Gebote,um den Gegensass zwischenden formen der Architekturund der Gartenkunstzu mildem?", Zeitschrfti fuer BildendeGartenkunst, 1893, pp. 49-53and 75-7

Herling, Peter, "Rekonstruktion der Gartenanlagender Karl-Foerster-Gedenkstaette Potsdam-Bomim", LandschaftsArchitektur, 1983 p. 7

Hottentraeger,Grit, "New Flowers, New Gardens.Residential GardensDesigned by Karl Foerster,Hermann Mattern and Herta Hammerbacher(1928-1943)", Journal of Garden History, Vol. 12, no. 3,1992, pp. 207-27

Kuehn, Gottfried, "Pro£ Dr. H. C. Karl Foerster, Potsdam-Bomim, zum 95. Geburtstag", Garten und Landschaft, undated,Sonderdrueck, Karl FoersterArchive, Bomim

Kuehnau, W., Tiniges ueber die Verwendung der Staudenpflanzenin Gaerten", Gartenzeitung, 1873, pp. 116-20 and 140-2

L... ph, in W., "Ueber sogenannteKuechengaerten", Gartenzeitung, 1857, p. 74

Lange,Th., Mie Benussungder Blumenin Groesserenlandschaftlichen Anlagen% Zeitschriftfuer BildendeGartenkunst, 1893, pp. 205-7

Lange,Th., "Die Stauden",Zeitschriftfuer Bildende Gartenkunst, 1893, pp. 357-60

Loewe, Otto, "Zusammenstellung einer Anzahl von Florblumen, nach ihrer Bluethendauerund Farbegeordnef, Zeitschriftfuer Bildende Gartenkunst, 1893, pp. 26-8

Migge, Leberecht,"Essay ueber Gartengestaltung; Essay on GardenDesign", Garten undLandschaft, part 110/1982,1982, pp. 8-771; part 1111/1982,pp. 865-7; part III 12/1982,pp. 940-6

OhImer, no title, Gartenzeitung, 1871, p. 37-8

Otte, B., "Die Gaertnerische Anlagen auf Haus Bockdorf bei Kempen a. Rh.", Zeitschriftfuer Bildende Gartenkunst, 1893, pp. 161-6

Parshall,Linda, "Hirshfeld'sConcept of the Gardenin the GennanEnlightemnent", Journal of GardenHistory, Vol. 13,no. 3,1993, pp. 125-71

Schmidt, Erica, "Zur GeschichteDer Blumenrabatte",Die Gartenkunst,5. Jahrgang, Heft 2,1993, p. 3 71

Page659 Bibliography

Schultze,Guenther, "Karl Foerster-Staudengarten.Karl FoersterPerennial Garden", Garten + Landschaft, April 1985, pp. 51-6

Seibel, Johann Heinrich, Ttwas ueber die Vorzuegliche Modeblumen und ueber Blumenliebhaberei uberhaupf, Allgemeines Deutsches Gartenmagazin, 1810, pp. 127-33

Stolk, Ton, "Kwekerij Karl FoersterValt in Gat Berlijnse Muur", Tuin & Landschap, No. 26,1990

Trzeschtik,L., "Englischerund franzoesischer Gartenstyl zur Zeit derlandschaftlichen Entwicklung",Gartenzeitung, 1882, pp. 449-51

Trzcschtik, L., "Gartcnplaenc fucr grocssere Gaerten im Zicrgartenstylc", Gartenzeitung, 1882, pp. 280-1

Trzeschtik,L., "Englischerun franzoesischerGartenstyl zur Zeit derLandschaftlichen Entwicklung%Gartenzeitung, 1882, pp. 449-51

Ward, Richard, "Harmony in Wildplanting", LandscapeDesign, Dec/Jan 1989/90, pp. 30-2

Wiesse,R., & Ruecker,K., "ZeitgemaesseStaudenpflanzung", Gartenpraxis, Aug. 1989, pp. 54-7

Wolschke-Bulmahn,J., "Introduction: Aspectsof the History of RecentLandscape", Journal of Garden History, Vol. 12, no. 3,1992, pp. 161-3

Wolschke-Bulmahn,J., "The'Wild Garden'and theNature Garden'- Aspects of the GardenIdeology of William Robinsonand Willy Lange", Journal ofGarden History, Vol. 12, no. 3,1992, pp. 183-206

Wolschke-Bulmahn,J., Groening, G., "The Ideology of the Nature Garden. Nationalsitic trends in GardenDesign in Germanyduring the early Twentieth Century",Journal of GardenHistory, Vol. 12,no. 1,1992,pp. 73-80

Wredow, Carl, "Acht Plaenefuer Garten-Anlagen", Gartenzeitung, 1883,pp. 42-5

Books

Anon.,Parnassus Hortensis oder VolkommeneGarten-Schul, 1714, Johann Dietrich Muellem, Magdeburg

Page660 Bibliography

Anon., LusstgaertenundPflanzungen, 1530, Christian Egenolph, Strassburg

Anon., Pflantssbuechlin der Luestgaerten, 1562,Frankfurt ain Main

Bosse, J. F. W., Vollstaendiges Handbuch der Blumengaertnerei, Vol. 1,1859, Hannover

Bouche, Friedrich, Die Blumenzucht in ihrem ganzen Umfang: Eine praktische Anleitung zur Erziehung und Wartung der Blumen im Freien, in Glas- und Treibhaeusern wie auch im Zimmer. Part i, ii, iii, 1837, Verlag Friedrich August Herbig, Berlin, 9,10,11, part of 12 Vols. (Of Handbibliothek fuer Gaertner und Liebhaber der Gaertnerei; Bearbeitet von Lenne, Fintlemann, Legeler, Rietner, Bouche and Dietrich: 4. Teil: Blumenzucht)

Bcrger,M. C.G., TaschenbuchfuerBlumenfreunde, 1802, Lcipzig

Cohn,Ferdinand, Goethe als Botaniker,1895, Breslau

Domitze, Johann,Ein neuPflanzbuechlein, vonn mancherleyartigerpfropffungen und Belzung? der Baum, 1532

Duemler, Wolfgang Jacob,Erneuerter und vermerhterBaum- und Obstgarten, 1664, Nuemberg

Elssholtz,Johann, Sigismund, Vom Garten-baw, 1684, re-edited with afterword from Harri Guenther,Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim, 1987

Foerster,Eva, & Rostin, Gerhard,Ein Garten der Erinnerung: SiebenKapitel von und ueber Karl Foerster, 1982, Union Verlag, Berlin, 3rd Revised Print

Foerster, Karl, Winterharte Bluetenstauden und Straeucher der Neuzeit, 1911, VerlagsbuchhandlungVon J.J. Weber, Leipzig, Ist Edition

Foerster, Karl, Vom Bluetengarten der Zukunft, 1917, Furche Verlag, Berlin, Ist Edition

Foerster,Karl, VomBluetengarten der Zukunft,1922, Verlag Der Gartenschoenheit, Berlin-Westend,2nd Edition

Foerster,Karl, Gartenals ZauberSchluessel, 193 4, Rowohlt,Berlin, Ist Edition

Foerster, Karl, Garten als Zauberschluessel,1988, Jagd- Und Kultur-Verlag, Sulzber/Allgaeu,14th Edition, Basedon Ist Edition

Page661 Bibliography

Foerster,Karl, Gluecklich DurchbrochenesSchweigen, 1937, Verlag Ernst Rowohlt, Berlin

Foerster, Karl, ' Neue Blumen - Neue Gaerten, 1938, Verlag Der Gartenschoenheit, Berlin & Bern

Foerster,Karl, Gartenstauden-Bilderbuch,1938, Verlag der Gartenschoenheit, Berlin

Foerster, Karl, RockgardensThrough the Year; An Illustrated Guidefor Beginners and Experts, 198 1, Macdonald Orbis, London & Sydney, 7th Edition Revised by B Rollich and Edited by K. d. Beckett

Foerster,Karl, Der Steingartender SiebenJahreszeiten, 1987, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1Oth edition

Foerster, Karl, Der Steingarten der Sieben Jahreszeiten, Naturhaft oder architectonischgestaltet, 1993,Neumann Verlag, Radebeul,7th edition reworked by Bemard Roellich

Foerster, Karl, Lebende Gartentabellen. Herzhafte Hilfe Fuer Garten SucherAller Art, 1940, Verlag Gartenschoenheit,Berlin

Foerster,Karl, LebenedeGartentabellen, pflanzenverwendung, 1994, Neumann Verlag,Radebeul, 2nd editionre-worked by PeterAltmann and Klaus Kaiser

Foerster,Karl, Der neueRittersporn, Geschichte einereidenschaft in Bildern und Erfahrungenvon Karl Foerster,1990, Jagd un Kultur Verlag/Sulzberg/Allgaeu

Foerster,Karl, Ferien vomAch, 1990,Union Verlag,Berlin, 1Oth edition

Foerster,Karl, Blauer Schatzder Gaerten, 1990,Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 3rd revised edition, by Konrad Naeser

Foerster,Karl, NeuerGlanz des Garten-Jahres, 1991, Neumann Verlag, Radebeul, revisedby KonradNaeser

Foerster,Karl, Einzug der Graeser und Farne in die Gaerten, 1982,Verlag J. Neumann-Neudamm,Melsungen, Berlin, Basel,Wien, 6th Edition

Gartendenkmalplfege Berlin: Der Landschaftsgarten von Klein-Glienicke, 1984, Berlin

Goetze,Karl, Albumfuer Teppichgaertnereiund Gruppenbepflamung,no date 189?, Erfurt, 2nd edition

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Gruner,Heinrich, Heinrich Gruner's Praktischer Blumengaertner, 1817, Leipzig, Neu bearbeitetvon Carl FriedrichFoerster

Hampel, Carl, Gartenbeeteund Gruppen, 333 Entwuerfe, 1893, Berlin

Hampel, W., Gartenbuch fuer Jedermann- Anleitung fuer Gartenbesitzer zur PractischenAusuebung aller Zweige der Gaertnerei, 1890,Verlag Paul Parey,Berlin

Hampel, W., Teppichgaertnerei,1901, Berlin, 6th edition

Hartenfels, Arnold Friedrich von, Neuer Garten-Saals, vol 1,1745, vol 2,1746, Frankfint am Mayn

Hesse,Heinrich, Neue Gartenlusst, 1714, Leipzig

Hirschfeld, ChristianC. L., Theorieder Gartenkunst,1779, DVA- Stuttgart,1990 Reprintof 1779Edition

Holyck, Georgii, Neu-VermehrtesPerfaches Gartenbuech, 1727, Frankftirt, 7th edition.

Hottentraeger, G& Schumacher, H, Dokumentation der Ausstellung.- Vom Bluetengartender Zukunft,Eine Hommagean Karl Foerster, 1985,Sonderausstellung Der Bundesgartenshau,Berlin 1985. Berarbeitet Von Grit HottentraegerUnd Horst Schumacher,Im Auftrag Der Karl-Foerster-Stiftung. 14juni Bis 3 July 1985

Jaeger,Hennann, Die Verwendungder Pflanzenin der Gartenkunstoder Gehoelz, Blumenund Rasen, 1858, Gotha, Verlag Von Hugo Scheube

Jaeger,Hermann, Illustriertes allgemeinesGartenbuch, 1864, Leipzig

Jaeger,Hennann, Die SchoenstenPflanzen des Blumen und Landschaftsgartens,der Gewaechshaeuser und Wohnungen - Ein Vollstaendiges Blumenlexicon, 1873, VerlagsbuchhandlungVon Cohem & Risch, Hannover

Jaeger,Hermann, Der ImmerbluehendeGarten, 1875, Hannover

Kreuter, Marie-Luise, Karl, Foerster Staudenzuechtungen- Zuechtungen und Gedankenfu er die ZukunIft, n. d. Karl-Foerster-Stiftung La Croyx, Andreasde, Edles Kleinod, 1707,Magdeburg

Lange, Willy, & Stahn, Otto, Die Gartenkunstder Neuzeit, 1907, J.J. weber Verlag, Leipzig

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Lange, Willy, Der Garten und seine Bepflanzung, 1913 FranckWsche Verlagshandlung,Stuttgart

Laurenberg,Peter, Horticultura, Libris 11,1781 ?, Frankfint am Main (Other editions include 1632,1652,1682)

Lebl, M., Gemuesegaertnereizum Erwerb und Hausbedarf PraktischesHandbuch, 1892, Paul Parey, Berlin

Messger, Johannes, Gartenbuch, oder Anleitung zur Erziehung aller Kuechengewaechse,Obstbaeume und Zierpflanzen, [ 1840], Frankfurt

Meyer, Gustav,Lehrbuch der SchoenenGartenkunst, mit BesonderenRuecksicht auf die Praktische Aufuerung von Gaerten, Parkanlagen usw., 1860, Riegel's Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin

Miller, U., Millers practischer beobachtungenueber die behandlung,erziehung und pflege der Blumen, 1831, Kissinger

Nath, Martina, Historische Pflanzenverwendung in Landschaftsgaerten, 1990, WemerscheVerlagsgesellschaft, Worms

Noisette, Louis, VollstaendigesHandbuch der Gartenkunst, 1826, translated from Frenchby G.C. L. Sigwart, Verlag der J. B. Messler'scheBuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 3 volumes

Petzold,Eduard, Zur Farbenlehreder Landschaft,1853, Ruesselsheim, fascimile

Petzold, Eduard, Die Landschafts-Gaertnerei, ein Handbuch fuer Gaertner, Architekten, Gutsbesitzer, und Freunde der Gartenkunst. Mit Zugrundlegung Repton'scherPrincipien, 1862, Leipzig, 1992 facsimile edition, Russelheim

Pueckler-Muskau,von Herman,Andeutungen uber Landschaftsgartnerei,1834, facsimileedition 1996

Reichenbach,Dr. A. B., Flora oder die Blumengaertnerinim Garten und im Zimmer, Handbuchfuer Frauen, 1873, Meerane,2nd edition

Reider, Jacob Emst von, Das Ganzeder Blumenzucht,oder die Kunst in der KüerzesterZeit ein volkommenerBlumengaertner zu werden,1826, Nurnberg

Reider, JacobErnst von, Die systematischeKultur aller BekanntenBlumen- und Zierpflanzen,1833, Augsburg

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Rochol,A., Die volistaendigeKuechen- und Baumgaertnerei,1804, Leipzig

Ruempler, Theodor, Die Gartenblumen, Ihre Beschreibung,Anzucht und Pflege, 1876, Berlin

Ruempler, Theodor, Illustriertes Gartenbau-Lexikon,1882, Berlin

Ruempler, Theodor, Vilmorin's Illustrierte Blumengaertnerei, 1888, Verlag Paul Parey,Berlin, GermanTranslation of the plants offered for sale by Vilmorin Nursery in France, 2nd Edition revised and reworked

Ruempler,Theodor, Die Stauden,oder Perennierendenwinterharten oder doch leicht zu schuessendenBlueten- und Blattpflanzenals das wertvolleste und vortheilhafteste A ustattungsmaterialfuer Blumen- und Landschaftsgaertenmit einschlussAlpiner Arten, nebst Bemerkungenueber ihre Kultur, Vermehrungund Verwendung,1889, Verlag Von Hugo Doigt, Leipzig, 2nd Edition

Ruempler,Theodor, Illustriertes Gartenbau-Lexikon,1890, Verlag Paul Parey,Berlin, 2nd Edition, Revised, 1205 Woodcut Illustrations

SalesMeyer, Franz u. Reis,Friedrich: Die Gartenkunstin Wort und Bild, 1904,Leipzig

Schepers,Wolfgang, Hirschfelds Theorie der Gartenkunst,1779-1785,1980, Worrns

Schmidlin,Eduard, Die BuergerlicheGartenkunst, 1843, Stuttgart

Solms-Laubach,Hermann Grafen zu, Weizenund Tulpen, 1899, Verlag von Arthut Felix, Leipzig

Tcichcrt, Oscar, Geschichteder Ziergaerten und der Ziergaertnerei in Deutschland waehrend der Herrschaft des regelmaessigen Gartenstyls, 1865, Berlin, 1991, facsimile edition, Ruesselheim

Archival and other Sources relating to Germany'

Note: ING standsfor IsabelleVan Grocningen

TheKarl FoersterArchive, Bornim, is heldat Am Raubfang,6,14469 Potsdam- Bomim, but is administeredby the Staatsbibliothekzu Berlin. Page665 Bibliography

Anon., Photographsof the Karl FoersterGarden, various dates between 1924-61, courtesyof PeterHerling, DenkmalAmt, 54 lindenýtrasse, Potsdam 14467

Bloom, Allan, to IVG, 7.9.1992, Author's Collection

"Bornimer New Breedings", 21.2.1947, in Eigene Zuechtungen- box, Karl Foerster Library, Bornim

Bowie, Wendy,to IVG, 21.8.1992,Authoes Collection

Dittrich, Wemer, "Bepflanzung von Bauern Gaerten"pp. 291-304, PaperPresented At Seminar:"Pflanzenverwendung in HistorischenAnlagen! ' 7&8 Ocotber 1982 in Marmorsaalzu SchlossLudwigsburg; DGGL- LandesgruppeBaden Wuerttenberg mit Ihrem Arbeitskreis fuer Historischen Gaerten

Fischer, Hubert, to Karl Foerster, 15.12.1964,10.12.1966,11.11.1967,7.2.1969, 26.2.1969,24.11.1969, Karl FoersterArchive, Bomim

Foerster, Karl, "Zuechtungs- und Forschungsbetrieb Winterhart Ausdauernder Bluetenpflanzen",Uebersichtsliste und Beschreibungder Bomimer Neuzuchtungen und, gesondert davon, der Ersteinfurhungen, Potsdam-Bomim, Fruehling, 1949, courtesy of Marianne Foerster

Foerster,Karl, "Mein LebensArbeit 1907-1946.An der Veredlungund Ertuechtigung der Winterhart Ausdaumden Stauden!' Bomim 1946 unpublished typed, bound document, typed for the Akademie Der Wissenschaften,Moscow. Karl Foerster Archive, Bomirn

Foerster,Karl, to Blackmore & Langdon, 8.2.1964,Karl FoersterArchive, Bomim

Foerster,Karl, to Reginald Perry, 14.1.1965,Karl FoersterArchive, Bornim

Foerster,Marianne, Interview with, 8.1992

Foerster,Marianne, Interview with, 10.4.1992,

Gaganov,Herr, to Karl Foerster,27.11.1961,27.12.1963, Kalr FoersterArchive, Bomirn

Graaff, Jan de, to Karl Foerster, 16.6.1964,Karl FoersterArchive, Bomirn

HaageNursery Catal6gue, 1861

HaageNursery Catalogue, 1921

Page666 Bibliography

Hansen,Richard, to IVG 5.2.1996,author's collection

HeinemannNursery Catalogue, 1898

HeinemannNursery Catalogue, 1907

Hennebo,Prof. Dr. Dieter, Tinfhehrung in Das Tagungsthema:Einige Anmerkungen Zum Themenbereich Dieses Seminars" pp. 12-26, Paper Presented at Seminar: ? flanzenverwendungin HistorischenAnlagen! ' 7&8 Ocotber 1982 in Mannorsaal zu Schloss Ludwigsburg; DGGL- LandesgruppeBaden Wuerttenberg mit Ihrem Arbeitskreis fuer Historischen Gaerten

Herling, Peter, "Bibliographical Notes on Karl Foerster", no date, un-published, courtesy of Peter Herling

"HermannMattem, 1902-1977,Gaerten Gartenlandschaften, Haeuser", Austellung der Akademie der Kunste und der TechnischeUniversitaet, Berlin, 17/10-17/11/1982, Katalog No. 135

Hoog, Th., to Karl Foerster,8.4.1961, Karl FoersterArchive, Bomim

Ingwersen, Paul, to IVG, 3.8.1992,Author's Collection

1:100,1986, Karl Foerster - Gedenkstaette,Potsdam, Senkgarten Pflanzplan, scale Planting plan for the sunken garden,courtesy of Marianne Foerster

Krueger,R., & Panning,C., "Karl Foersterund HermannMattern - Thematisches Seminar:Gartenkunst Der ZweitenHaelfte Der 19.Und Der ErstenHaelfte Des 20. Jahrhundertsin EnglandUnd Deutschland"n. d., SeminarPaper from Kruegerand Panningunder Supervision of Prof Gamerand E. Schmidt.University of Hannover, Institut fuer Gruenplanungund GartenArchitektur, unpublished

Lepsius, Gita, to Karl Foerster from Japan,4.10.1963,9.3.1965,13.4.1965

Lipp, Franz, to Karl Foerster, 17.12.1973,Karl FoersterArchive, Bomim

Lorenz Nursery Catalogue, 1880

Lorenz Nursery Catalogue, 1899

Lorenz Nursery Catalogue, 1909

Metz Nursery Catalogue, 1867

Page667 Bibliography

Metz Nursery Catalogue, 1870

Metz NurseryCatalogue, 1871

Mosbauer, Hermann, "Die Staudenverwendungim DeutschenGarten des 19. Jahrhundertsunter beruecksichtigungder Gartengestaltung",1972, Fakultaet fuer Landwirtschaftund Gartenbauder TechnischenUniversitaet Muenchen

Mosbauer,Dr Hermann,"Stauden Verwendung im 19. Und 20. Jährundert"pp. 234- 5 1, PaperPresented at Seminar:Tflanzenverwendung in HistorischenAnlagen. " 7& 8 Ocotber 1982 in Marmorsaal zu Schloss Ludwigsburg; DGGL- Landesgruppe Baden Wuerttenbergmit Ihrem Arbeitskreis fuer Historischen Gaerten

Nesaule, Valdemars, to Karl Foerster, 24.7.1958,25.9.1959,14.3.1959,2.6.1962, 18.4.1963,Karl FoersterArchive, Bornim

Oldenburger-Ebbers,Dr. Carla S., "Historische Quellen als Grundlage fuer die Neuanlage von Pflanzungen" pp. 27-59, Paper Presented at Seminar: ? flanzenverwendungin Historischen Anlagen." 7& 8 Ocotber 1982 in Marmorsaal zu Schloss Ludwigsburg; DGGL- LandesgruppeBaden Wuerttenberg mit Ihrem Arbeitskreis fuer Historischen Gaerten

Pagels,Ernst, Interview with the author, 12.4.1992

Pagels,Errist, Nursery Catalogue 1982,p. 14

Perry, Reginald, to Karl Foerster, 16.11.1964,Karl FoersterArchive, Bornim

Ruecker,Karlheinz, to IVG 30.4.92,Authoes Collection

Ruys,Mien, to Karl Foerster,2.8.1954, Author's Collection

Seiler,Michael: Conversationwith the author,14.7.97

Sieber, Prof. Joseph,"Die Sichtung der Stauden%Freising, Gruenberg,Bonn 1990, Bund Deutscher Staudengaertner, im Zentralverband Gartenbau, F.G. G. ForderungsgesellschaftGartenbau, Bonn

3. Sources Referring to General Information and to other Countries

Books

BackhouscNursery, Alpine and HerbaceousCatalogue, 1913,pp. 4-5

Page668 Bibliography

Balmori, D., Kostial McGuire, D., & McPeck,E., Beatrix'Farrand's American Landscapes.Her Gardensand Campuses,1985, Sagapress, New York

Brown, Jane,Beatrix, The GardeningLife of Beatrix JonesFarrand, 1872-1959, 1995,Viking, London

EnglishHeritage, Audley End GuideBook 1995

Griffith, Mark, Index of Garden Plants, Derivedfrom the New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening, 1994, Macmillan press,London

Jellito, Leo, & Schacht,Wilhelm, Die Freiland-Schmuckstauden,1868, vol 2, Verlag Eugen Ulrner, Stuttgart

Jellito, Leo, & Schacht, Wilhelm, Hardy Herbaceous Perennials, Vol. 1,1990, Batsford, London

King, Mrs Francis,the Well-ConsideredGarden, 1915,Charles Scribner's Sons, New York

King, Mrs Francis,Pagesftom a GardenNote-Book, 1921, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York

King, Mrs Francis, Chronicles of the Garden, 1925, Charles Scribner's Sons,New York

Meijer, Dr H. A. J., OnzeTuinbloemen, Haar Beschryving,Kweeking En Verpleging, 1882,H. C. A. Campagne& Zoon, Tiel, translation From Die Gartenblumenof Th. Ruempler

Miller, Wilhelm, WhatEngland can Teachus aboutGardening, 1911, Garden City, New York ý

Miller, Wilhelm, The Charm ofEnglish Gardens, no date, Hodder and Stoughton, London, New York

Mosser,Monique, & Teyssot,Georges, The History of GardenDesign. The Western Traditionftom the Renaissanceto the PresentDay, 1991, Thamesand Hudson, London

Oehme,Wolfgang, van Sweden,James, & RademacherFrey, Susan,Bold Romantic' Gardens, The New World Landscapesof Oehmeand van Sweden, 199.1,Acropolis Books Ltd, Herndon, Virginia

Page669 Bibliography

Philip, Chris, ThePlanyinder 1995196,1995,edited by Tony Lord, MPC

Robinson,Florence Bell, Planting Design,1940, McGraw-Hill Book Co. London

RutherfordEly, Helena,A Woman'sHardy Garden,1903, McMillan Co.,New York

Ruys, Mien, Het Gebruik En De Verzorging Van VastePlanten in Onze Tuin, 1959, Kosmos Amsterdam & Antwerpen

Ruys, M., & Ruys, Dr J.D.; Ruys,Th., Het VastePlanten Boek, 1953,Moussault Uitgeverij,Amsterdam, 3rd Print; First edition 1950

Spoor,W. C., TuinbouwEn Bloementeelt;Naar De NieuwsteBronnen Bewerkt, 1856, n.d. Zwaan, Utrecht

Trehane.Piers, Index Hortensis, Volume 1: Perennials,1989, Quartedack Publishing, Wimbourne

Uilkens, Th. F., Aanleg Van Parken: Bloem Tuinen, 1854

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