AUGUST 1982 Very Exciting and Interest Ing Program Is Planned for Our AHS 37Th Annual a Meeting in Cincinnati, from September 29Th to October 3Rd, 1982

AUGUST 1982 very exciting and interest ing program is planned for our AHS 37th Annual A Meeting in Cincinnati, from September 29th to October 3rd, 1982. There will be tours of public and pri vate gardens, interesting lectures, private dinner parties, a rare plant auction, visits to Cincinnati historic sites, a riverboat cruise and as a fi nale, a special President's and Awards Banquet. You may then elect to con- . ABOVE: Krohn Conservatory, Cincinnati, Ohio BELOW: Biltmore House, Asheville, North Carolina tinue your horticultural holiday by joining the Post Meeting Tour of Kentucky, Tennessee and North Carolina from October 3-13. To register, see the July 1982 newsletter or write Dorothy Sowerby at the Society. Please join us! Judy Powell EDITOR RIaN' VOLUME 61 NUMBER 8 Rebecca K. McClimans ART DIRECTOR ---ORTICULTlIRIST Barbara W. Ellis ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Steven H. Davis Jane Steffey EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS

Irene Polansky PRODUCTION ASSISTANT

H. Marc Cathey Gilbert S. Daniels HORTICULTURAL CONSULTANTS

Gilbert S. Daniels BOOK EDITOR

Louise Baughn Cindy Weakland ASSISTANTS TO THE EDITOR

May Lin Roscoe BUSINESS MANAGER

Dorothy Sowerby EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS COORDINATOR

Connie Clark MEMBERSHIP SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE Miscanthus sinensis 'Zebrinus', Miscanthus sinensis 'Gracillimus' and Cortaderia selloana are three types of ornamental grasses Peter Loewer discusses in his article on page 16. Illustrations John Simmons by Peter Loewer. Chromagraphics Inc. COLOR SEPARATIONS

C. Lynn Coy Associates, Inc. President's Page 2 55 Forest Street Stamford, CT 06902 Public Gardens: Adopt-A-Plot Gardens by Mary Taylor 4 (203) 327-4626 ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE Strange Relatives: The Loosestrife Family by Jane Steffey 8 Book Reviews by Gilbert S. Daniels 11

Goldenrod by Margaret Hensel 14 Replacement Issues of AMERICAN HORTICULTIJRlST are available at a cost of $2.50 per copy. Ornamental Grasses by Peter Loewer 16

The opinions expressed in the articles that appear in Achillea by Joy Foraker 20 AMERICAN HORTICULTIJRlST are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Society. They are presented as contributions to contemporary thought. Hidcote Manor by Ursula Buchan 23 Manuscripts, art work and photographs sent for possible publication will be returned if they are accompanied by a Pressed Flower Designs by Janet C. Thierfelder 29 self·addressed, stamped envelope. Seasonable Reminders: Sidewalk Weeds by Claire Sawyers and Dr. Jules Janick 32 AMERICAN HORTICULTIJRlST is the official publication of The American Horticultural Society, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, Virginia 22308, (703) Pronunciation Guide 38 768-5700, and is issued monthly. Membership in the Society includes a subscription to AMERICAN Seasonable Reminders: Assessing Lawn Problems by Dr. Robert Schery 40 HORTICULTIJRlST. Membership dues stan at $20.00 a year, $12.00 of which is designated for AMERICAN HORTICULTIJRlST. Copyright @ 1982 by The Source List 43 American Horticultural Society. ISSN 0096-4<117. Second· class postage paid at Alexandria, Virginia and at additional mailing offices. Posanaster: Please send Form Gardener's Marketplace 44 3579 to AMERICAN HORTIGULTIJRlST, Mount Vernon, Virginia 22121. ON THE COVER: Achillea millefolium self-sown in the wild. Photograph by Pamela Harper. For Member of Society of National Association Publications more information on Achillea, turn to page 20.

American Horticulturist 1 PREsIDENT'S PAGE

but that is no reason for not commenting proved format. We have gotten some crit upon matters of practicality or portions of icism from advanced gardeners because the legislation that are not working as they are editorial content of these books is aimed intended to do. at the beginner or less expert gardener. Just As a professional botanist, I am very remember that one of the prime aims of aware of the differences between plants the American Horticultural Society is hor and animals. I have also been aware since ticultural education-and there are a lot my university days that a surprising num more beginners who need our help than ber of people are not aware of these dif there are experts. Many of the volumes ferences. In particular, plants have devel contain climatic maps. Some readers have oped the ability to reproduce in many ways, questioned why we haven't stuck to the both sexually and asexually. Animals are U.S.D.A. plant hardiness map. The answer generally limited to only one way in na is quite simple. It is a hardiness map. It ture. Plants can often reproduce readily doesn't show length of growing season, from a small piece broken off from the last frosts, summer heat, rainfall and first main growth. This neither harms nor re frosts. All of these and other factors are duces the vigor of the main plant. Plants of importance in growing different kinds produce large numbers of seed to ensure of plants. We have tri€d to use a map that replacement in nature by an inefficient sys will explain the growing problems for the tem that is fraught with dangers. A plant particular type of plant covered in each of that lives for many years may produce the encyclopedia volumes. And we have literally billions of seeds in an effort to also tried to fine tune the maps more than establish one seedling to replace the parent can be done in the large-scale effort that fter four years as the President of plant. In the garden or the greenhouse such the plant hardiness map represents. Santa our Society, my term has now come seed may have a germination rate of 90 or Monica, California is different from Azusa, Ato an end, and this will be my last 99 percent, and every seedling produced and New York City is different from Phil editorial. During my tenure, I've tried to will live to maturity. Thus under cultiva adelphia. Hardiness isn't the whole story. bring interesting or controversial topics to tion it is possible to raise large numbers Finally, I'd like to remind all of you that your attention. From the letters I have re of individual plants in a short time without while we are a national organization with ceived over the years, I can safely say that upsetting the natural balance of even the a diverse membership in all 50 states and the membership has both agreed and dis most endangered plant, if only a cutting many foreign countries, we are also for agreed with the viewpoints presented here. or a small portion of one year's seed pro tunate to have a headquarters facility in These editorials have always been the duction is used. Mt Vernon, Virginia, only a few minutes opinion of an individual and not the con Obviously this method is different from from Washington, D.C. Washington is sensus of the membership. On the whole, animal reproduction, but current legisla certainly not representative of all of the however, whether in agreement or dis tion to protect plants and animals seems United States from a gardener's point of agreement, members who have responded not to recognize the difference. Saving plants view, but just as our federal government to my editorials have been constructive in for the future, whether they be wild species tries to represent all of us from this same their comments. I've enjoyed communi or cultivars developed by man, takes or headquarters region, so we in the Ameri cating with you, and I hope you have en ganization, effort and facilities. All of these can Horticultural Society headquarters try joyed reading this column. have practical limits, and I have always to represent gardeners and members Now I'd like to take the opportunity to felt that you can do a better job of anything throughout the nation. If you are in the wrap up a few miscellaneous subjects and if you are aware of your limits. But enough Washington area, we would welcome your respond to a few recent letters. On the of all this! I've tried to tell you about pro visit to River Farm. If you can't come per subject of such' things as the Endangered grams that are working, those that are not sonally, we will try to stay in touch by Species Act and the preservation of genetic working and some of the practical limits telephone or letter. Remember, it is your material represented in plant cultivars, I as I see them. Society. I hope you will continue to let us have definite personal opinions. I've al Now for another subject entirely. As know what you need and what your opin ways viewed myself as a moderate in such many of you know, the Society has been ions are in matters of gardening and matters, and I had hoped that my criticisms involved in a joint publishing effort with horticulture. of these two subjects represented a rational the Franklin'Library and Ortho Books to compromise between the extremes. There prepare a gardening encyclopedia based on are both good and bad things that can be the original material published by Ortho. said about both efforts. On the whole, I A lot of effort has gone into updating this -Gilbert S. Daniels believe the good far outweighs the bad, information and presenting it in an im- President

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hat happens to park gardens a city can no longer maintain? W Those who attend the American Horticultural Society Annual Meeting in Cincinnati this fall will see an imaginative and beautiful answer-the Adopt-A-Plot ABOVE LEFT: Volunteers in the Adopt-A-Plot program Gardens in Ault Park, a 224-acre park in gather to receive instructions from Marlenct Holwadel, eastern Cincinnati. director of the project, who is wearing the green T-shirt. The unique project, now in its third year, ABOVE: Rock Garden. LEFT: Foliage Garden. began in early 1980 when the Cincinnati Park Board Volunteers, at the request of the Cincinnati Park Board, agreed to co ordinate the creation of an educational garden sampler to replace a formal rose garden the Park Board could no longer afford to maintain. Mrs. Kent (Marlene) Holwadel, director of Volunteers, asked horticultural groups, designs, plants and pays for the original kitchen herb garden, perennials and garden clubs, high school horticultural plantings while the Park Board Volunteer annuals. classes and individuals interested in gar organization finances garden maintenance Among the beds in the 1980 garden was dening to sponsor, design and/or plant with profits from their gift shop at the an extraordinary dahlia collection, specif flower beds ranging in size from six by 12 Irwin M. Krohn Conservatory and from ically proportioned for the small garden feet to six by 40 feet in rectangles as well donations. Commercial landscape garden and including some of the rare, tiny Hol as unusual shapes. All 35 beds in the 1.2 ers donate time, talent and materials for land Top Mix strain grown from tubers. acre site were adopted by March 1980. low maintenance gardens. Volunteer A few in the plot were the typical taller Attesting to the project's success is the weeders work in the gardeNs on scheduled dahlias, but most were medium to small fact that almost all original participants mornings, and participants stop by fre flowers, some no more than one inch in were enthusiastic repeaters in 1981 and quently to provide any special care their diameter. Although not among the 1981 1982, joined by new groups and individ plantings require. beds, the dahlia plot is included in the 1982 uals who were anxious to be involved in The beds, which have now been in garden and should be at its best for Amer what has become a magnificent and un creased to 37, include a demonstration ican Horticultural Society visitors. (An Of usual show place for gardening ideas. planting of groundcovers, a Japanese gar ficial Trial Grounds of the American Dah The Cincinnati Park Board serves as ad den, Frenoh intensive vegetable garden, lia Society is located in Ault Park near the visors for the project and prepares the beds collection of ferns, hardy succulents, ex Adopt-A-Plot Gardens). for planting. The sponsor of each garden otic plants, roses, ornamental foliage, A kidney-shaped rock garden occupies

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neYou an area about 25 feet long and 12 feet low (Salix tristis), dwarf Korean boxwood wide. Planned so that there is color all year, (Buxus microphylla var. koreana 'Pum Own Trees foliage, flower shapes, textures and colors ila'), dwarfJapanese·qutnce (Chaenomeles are intermixed for added interest. The gar japonica 'Pumila') and five types of min WITH A den, sponsored by the Cincinnati Hills iature roses. Garden Club, was designed and planted A favorite garden with Adopt-A-Plot by Mrs. Samson Crew. visitors is the six- by 12-foot Colonial Described by Lee Cain, garden writer Kitchen Herb Garden, featuring about two dozen varieties of popular herbs. The gar den is sponsored by the Cincinnati Herb The sponsors of each Society and is planted and tended by Mrs. garden design, plant and John C. (Helen) Kovach, former president pay for the original of the Herb Society. Mint, parsley, thyme, basil, chamomile, dill, sages, tarragon, plantings; the Park Board hoarhound, bee balm, scented geraniums, Volunteer organization yarrow, salad burnet, lavender, rosemary, finances garden artemisia-are among the many plants represented. Most Saturday mornings dur maintenance. ing the summer, Norma Kovach performs two jobs at the site-tending her garden for the Cincinnati Post as a "perfect ex and answering questions of the many vis ample of a rock garden," the six-foot-high itors about the various herbs and their use. rockscape tapers to a sloping, irregularly She shares recipes and ideas-for ex shaped elevation. Huge boulders were ample, a delicious apple sponge cake pre brought from gravel pits and hillsides. Rocks pared with rose geranium leaves as a lining were carefully selected to be both attrac for the baking pan, a fragrant and delight tive and similar. The first layer of rocks ful sugar for tea created by combining a was placed, and top soil was sifted between sprig of lemon balm or costmary in a jar the crevices to accommodate various plants. with sugar, the interest the yellow flower The plants-almost 200 kinds-are min of the yarrow plant gives to dried arrange iature versions of larger varieties and were ments, and the many herbs that can be used chosen to illustrate the vast number of cul to give vinegar a special flavor. tivars available for use in a rock garden. The garden shows how to develop a Included are over 20 kinds of sed urns, handy herb collection in a small yard area four types of thyme, two kinds of Mazus, or window box and is designed to be aes dwarf columbines, dozens of varieties of thetically pleasing with perennials in key pinks and carnations, prostrate asters, spots, rocks for a path and the framing of shasta daisies, anthemis, a violet collec existing boxwood on the perimeter. tion, and dwarf forms of bleeding hearts, As with all the Adopt-A-Plot Gardens, baby's breath, alyssum and ajuga. the purpose is to combine useful ideas with The Dwarf and Miniature plot is of par beauty for a park visitor to enjoy. The ticular interest to visitors because it dem goals of the project-to restore a deteri onstrates the many kinds of plants that can orating park area and to promote new be used in a limited space. Small urban lot community pride in the park-have been Save a bundle by dOing your own size, as well as increased popularity of pa met. The gardens attracted more visitors, tree pruning. Up to 17 foot reach, tio and deck gardening in apartment and especially families, and have increased spe strong fiber glass poles, fast and cial funtions such as outdoor weddings and easy cutting up to 1W' limbs, condominium developments, has resulted an annual ice cream social. 16 inch saw blade for bigger stuff. in a greater demand for a knowledge of Teflon-S® coated blades won 't these plants and their cultural require The Ault Park Adopt-A-Plot Gardens stick, gum-up or rust. A great, ments. The garden is designed and planted will be included on an American Horti money saving tool! by Mr. and Mrs. Harry Raibourne, am cultural Society Annual Meeting tour on ateur horticulturists, who have a large plant Saturday afternoon, October 2. Marlene SEYMOUR SMITH & SON, INC. collection at their home in eastern Cincin Holwadel, Director of the Park Board Vol Better Garden Tools Since 1850 unteers, will give a presentation on the Oakville, Conn. 06779 nati where they propagate many miniature varieties. project during an educational session on PRUNING SHEARS. GRASS SHEARS HEDGE SHEARS. LOPPING SHEARS Twenty seven kinds of dwarfs and min Saturday morning. 0 PRUNING SAWS iatures are represented in their Adopt-A -Mary Taylor DO NOT USE THESE TOOLS NEAR ELECTRICAL WIRES. Plot Garden, including Thuja occidentalis USE ONLY WHILE STANDING FIRM Mary Taylor is an administrative assistant ON DRY LAND. 'Pumila Sudworthii', Chamaecyparis pis with the City of Cincinnati Board of Park ifera 'Squarrosa Nana', dwarf pussy wil- Commissioners.

6 August 1982 • Indicate selections desired on coupon below and mail today!

Red Fire Tulips. Giant fire-red Darwin Giant Daffodils. Large yellow trumpet Winter Aconite. (Eranthis). Golden Hybrid tulips on stems 24" tall. Bloom daffodils for gorgeou s spring beauty. yellow buttercup-like flowers February, April-May _ 14-16" tall, April. March, April. Only 3-6" tall. #4902-8/ $1.00; #4903- 24/$2_50 # 4922- 61$ 1.00; #4923- 18/$2.50 # 4940- 10/$l.00; #4941-30/ $2.50 Early Snow Crocus. Early bunch-flow Giant Hyacinths. Mi xed colors of vivid Parrot Tulips. Mixed colors. Large ering crocus _ Mixed colors of yellow, reds, blues, yellows, pinks, whites. flowers with exotic shapes, colors and purple, orange _ Fragrant 10" blooms. de signs. Bloom in May . #4900-8/ $1.00; #4901-24/ $2_50 # 4920- 31$1.00; # 4921 - 9/ $2.50 #4938-5/$1.00; #4939-15/ $2.50 Glory of the Snow. (Chionodoxa )_ Sky Bouquet Tulips. (Fires pray). Bla zing Wood Hyacinths. (S. Campanulata). blue flowers with white centers, for carpet of sc arlet red tul ips only 9" tall. Clusters of bell-shaped flowers. Mixed naturalizing_ 3-5 bloom s per bulb . colors of pink, white, blue . #4904-8/ $1.00; #4905- 24/ $2.50 # 4924-8/ $1.00; # 4925- 24/ $2.50 # 4942-6/ $1.00; #4943- 18 / $2 .50 The Love Tulip. (Marjoletti). Lovely Drumstick Allium. Giant ball-shaped Daffodil, Ice Follies. Unusual variety. cream-white with soft pink stripe . Late flower heads of redd ish purple on stem s Lovely pure white petals with large May, 16" tall. only 2 ft. tall. ruffled, creamy yellow crown . #4906-10/ $1.00; #4907-30/$2.50 # 4926-10/$1.00; #4927- 30/$2.50 # 961-6/ $1.00; # 962-18/ $2.50 Grape Hyacinths. (Muscari). Blue flow Red Queen Daffodils. Ruffled white Golden Jonquils. (Lobularis). Daffodil ers in grape-like clusters for naturaliz overlapping petals with large orange-red like flowers of rich golden yellow in ing. April-May. crown . Very striKing blooms. abundance, very fragrant. #4908-20/ $1.00; #4909-60/ $2.50 # 4948-6/$1.00; # 4949- 18/$2.50 #4950-6/ $1.00; #4951-18/ $2.50 Red Pirate Lily. Brilliant tangerine Df. Rockgarden Iris. (Reticulata). Orange Tiger Lily. Large flowers of red flower clusters. Blooms abundantly Sweet scented early blooming minia gleaming salmon-orange with black dots. in June-July. 4 ft. tall. tures. Multiply, for naturalizing. Blooms July to Sept., 3-4 ft. #4960-1/$1.00; #4961-3/ $2.50 #4928- 8/ $1.00; # 4929-24/$2.50 #4964-1/$1.00; #4965-3/ $2.50

Waterlily Tulips. Low growing tulips Cardinal Tulips. (Eichleri). Flaming Giant Dutch Iris. Garden orchids of of cream-yellow with bright rose -red cardinal-red tulip in waves of green foli blues, whites, yellows for cutting, bor markings. age. Low beds , borders. ders, rockgardens. Mixed colors. #4912-8/$ 1.00; # 4913-24/ $2.50 # 4930-8/$ 1.00; # 4931-24/$2.50 #4958-12/$l.00; #4959- 36/ $2.50 Clusters of A rainbow mix Paperwhite Narcissus. Giant Dutch Crocus. Yellow Tiger Lily. Bright buttery yel pure white star-shaped flowers, fragrant ture of purples, whites, lavenders, low with all-over black dots. Blooms pro lon~ lasting house plant. striped, yellows. For naturalizing. fusely July to Sept. , 3-4' tall. #4956-3/ $l.00; #4957-9/ $2 .50 #956-8/ $1.00; # 957- 24/ $2 .50 #4962-1/ $1.00; # 4963-3/ $2 .50 Sweet Gardenia Daffs. Dainty white Blue Mt. Lilies. (Ixiolirion). Hardy Peacock Tulips. Showy full-open tu Gardenia -like double daffodils with lovely clusters of sky-blue lily-like blooms 15" lips. Bright colors and bold markings, fragrance. Cluster flowers. tall in June. striped foliage. Unusual. #4944-5/ $1.00; #4945-15/ $2.50 #4916-8/ $1.00; #4917-24/ $2.50 #4934-8/ $1.00; #4935-24/ $2.50 Hardy Anemones. (Blanda). A color White Snowdrops. (Galanthus). Charm mix of star-shaped blue, pink, white ing small bell -like flowers in abundance. flowers in early spring. February-March blooms. #4918-8/$l.00; #4919-24/$2.50 #4936-10/ $l.00; #4937-30/ $2_50 A beautiful full-color book of over 1000 rare POSTPAID & GUARANTEED and unusual flowers, II.. ' B plants, trees and im- .41 ...... " V-an Bourgon dlen ros., BoxA,AH8, Rt.l09, Babylon, NY 11702 _ ported bulbs. -.. • Fill out and mail coupon below • '. ' r ------• ------, Van Boufgondien Bros., Box A·AH8, Babylon, NY 11702 Amt. h d' d EXTRA BONUS DISCOUNTS EncL $ or c arge my cre It car Plejlse send me the "bargain-offer" items o MasterCard 0 Visa 0 A. Express o Orders $ 5.00 to $ 9.99 .. 5 % Discount I h ~ e checked below. o Orders $10.00 to $19.99 .. 10% Discount Expire Check Items Below For Purchase Card # ______Date ____ o Orders $20.00 to $29.99 . . 15% Discount R. Fire Tulips R_ Pirate Lily Giant Daffs Of. Rock. Iris W_ Aconite Or. Tiger Lily o Orders $30.00 and over .. 20% Discount o 4902-8/ $1.00 0 4960-1/ $l.00 0 4922-6/ $1.00 0 4928-8/ $1.00 0 4940-10/ $l.00 0 4964-1/$1.00 o 4903-24/ $2.50 0 4961-3/ $2.50 0 4923-18/ $2.50 0 4929-24/ $2.50 0 4941-30/ $2.50 0 4965-3/ $2.50 o Please send me your new Free Catalog. Snow Crocus Wat-lilY Tulips Gi. Hyacinths Cardinal Tulips Parrot Tulips G, Dutch Iris o 4900-8/ $l.00 0 4912-8/$1.00 0 4920-3/ $l.00 0 4930-8/ $l.00 0 4938-5/$1.00 0 4958-12/l1.00 o 4901-24/ $2.50 0 4913-24/ $2.50 0 4921-9/ $2.50 0 4931-24/ $2.50 0 4939-15/ $2.50 0 4p959-36h~ 2· 50 Name ...... _...... _.. _...... G1 ory of Snow G. Out, Crocus Bouquet Tulips Y. Tiger Lily Wo _ Hyacinths aperw Ite N_ o 4904-8/ $1.00 0 956-8/ $1.00 0 4924-8/ $l.00 0 4962-1/$1.00 0 4942-6/ $l.00 0 4956-3/ $l.00 o 4905-24/ $2.50 0 957-24/ $2.50 0 4925-24/ $2.50 0 4963-3/ $2.50 0 4943-18/ $2.50 0 4957-9/ $2.50 Love Tulip B_ Mt. Lilies Drum Allium Peacock Tulips Oaf. I. Follies Gardenia Daff Address ...... _...... _.. _...... -.. _...... - o 4906-10/ $1.00 0 4916-8/ $1.00 0 4926-10/ $1.00 0 4934-8/ $1.00 0 '961-6/ $1.00 0 4944-5/ $1.00 o 4907-30/ $2.50 0 4917-24/ $2.50 04927-30/ $2.50 0 4935-24/ $2.50 0 1962-18/ $2.50 0 4945-15/ $2.50 Gr, Hyacinths H. Anemones Red Q. Daffs W. Snowdrops Gold Jonquils POSTPAID City ...... _...... _...... _.. _...... o 4908-20/$1.00 0 4918-8/$1.00 0 4948-6/ $1.00 ['] 4936-10/ $l.00 0 4950-6/ $l.00 and o 4909-60/$2.50 0 4919-24/ $2.50 0 4949-18/ $2.50 0 4937-30/ $2.50 0 4951-18/ $2.50 New York Residents Add Sales Tax GUARANTEED State ...... _...... _...... Zip .. _.. _.. .. _.... - ~------STRANGE RELATIVES

My beloved is to me as a cluster of campbire in the vineyards ofEngedi. Song of Solomon 1: 14

OUTOOOR LIVING-INDOORS! A beautiful insulated hus was King Solomon, centuries spots. The New York Botanical Garden glass addition for solar collection, hot tub enclosure and sun-ti me activitie s, Bronze finish modular design ago, telling us something of the encyclopedia records that "the beard and provides a wide range of sizes, Exclusive patented loveliness of the blossoms of a small hair of the prophet Mohammed were red Y PowRVenl - . T The Solar living Spa«:e Featured In: shrub that is a member of the Lythraceae, dened with henna and at one time horses' • The 1982 World's Fair, Knoxville, Tennessee the subject of "Strange Relatives" this tails and manes were colored with it." • Con Edison Conservation Home, Briarcliff Manor, N,Y. • U.S. Dept. of Energy Brookhaven House, Upton, N.Y. month. We will come back to King Sol Henna is used also to dye fabrics and leather. • Kohler Demonstration House, Kohler, Wisconsin CATALOG and TAX CREDIT GUIDE: Send $1 . for 1982 omon's camphire presently, but let us look The dye is very color fast. Theme Catalog, price list and tax guide for passive solar first at its family tree. Apart from dyeing ladies' tresses and credits. SAMPLE WINDOW KIT: Send $5. for actual sample of The Lythraceae or loosestrife family is fingernails through the centuries, the an P.P,G. bronze finish aluminum frame and glazing , comprised of about 22 different kinds of tiseptic properties of the leaves were used assembly manual , heating guide plus Catalog and tax credit guide. herbs, shrubs and trees widely distributed against smallpox and many severe skin UR in tropical and temperate zones of the world . complaints. •~ GREENHOUSESSEASONS The family is known chiefly as the source Lawsonia is commonly used as an or 101: Mfg. by Four Seasons Solar Products Corp. of certain dyes, a few medicinal products, namental in tropical and subtropical parts ~ r910 Route Dept.AH f} W Farmingdale,liD, N .Y. 11735208. valuable timber and cultivated ornamental of the world and is sometimes cultivated IN N.Y. CALL (516) 694-4400 CALL TOLL FR EE 1-800-645-9527 plants. in the greenhouse. Linnaeus named this The Energy Saving House of the 1982 World's Fair'· Knoxvill~ Tenn. Typically, loosestrife flowers have four plant for his friend and patron, Dr. Isaac © 1982 Fou r Seasons Greenhouses or six petals, four or six sepals united in Lawson. a tube, and twice as many stamens; the From the horticultural point of view crape petals are usually crumpled in bud. The myrtle, Lagerstroemia indica, is the out fqREERqi'RDE;;: fruit is a dry capsule containing many seeds. standing member of the loosestrife family. Simple leaves grow opposite, whorled or About 50 different species of deciduous or : --,~~, ,, ~, : spirally on the stem. evergreen lagerstroemias are natives of the King Solomon was referring to the sweet Old World tropics. The name commem I I fragrance of camphire blossoms. Cam orates Magnus von Lagerstroem, natural phire is Lawsonia inermis, called migno ist friend of Linnaeus and director of the I I nette tree for its fragrance. The small white, Swedish East Indies Company. pink or red flowers, from which a perfume L. indica was introduced from China : Justly Famous For : can be made, grow in clusters. But Law (not from India as might be inferred from I Rhododendrons I sonia has another more commercially sig its name) in 1752. In America it is some nificant renown. It is the source of the dye times spoken of as the "lilac of the South," I Azaleas I henna. The word camp hire is derived from where it is a special favorite for avenue I Japanese Maples I the Hebrew word Copher, which becomes planting and for use in the landscape and Dwarf Conifers Al Khanna in Arabic; from the Arabic the home gardens in the way that lilac is used I Bonsai Materials I word henna enters our language. Various in northern states. Crape myrtle is hardy I Flowering Trees & Shrubs I modern translations of the Bible substitute as far north as Baltimore, Maryland. I Rock Garden plants I henna or henna-flowers where the word Beginning in July, large trusses of crin camphire is used in the King James version. kle-crapey red, pink, lavender or white I Good selection of I This small shrub with heavily-scented flowers are the glory of the crape myrtle. unusual Horticulture Books - I I blossoms comes from Asia and Egypt and As a tree, crape myrtle may reach 20 feet Color catalog describes, prices over I has a long history in commerce. in height, but it can be maintained as a I 1600 plants, Widely recognized as a Among the dyes obtained from plants shrub with several stems. The four- to nine I valuable reference book. I of the loosestrife family, henna is the most inch flower clusters are produced in sum I 1982 edition, $2,00 I famous. The dye is made from the pow mer on the new growth of the season, which dered leaves of Lawsonia inermis. The use makes it possible to prune in late winter : WORLD WIDE SHIPPING : of henna in cosmetic arts has been prac or spring to control the size of the plant. ticed for 5,000 years. The first recorded Another attractive feature of crape myr I Dept AH 1280 Goodpasture Is. Rd. II user of henna as a hair dye was an Egyptian tle is the exfoliating (or shreddy) bark re I Eugene, Oregon, 97401 queen in about 3,000 B.C. Henna was also sulting in color contrasts on the trunk. The '------(503)68EhB266 J used for fingernails and for other beauty foliage is tinged with bronze as it leafs out, 8 August 1982 For the serious gardener . . ' ~11 SOLO 4254 Gallon Lightweight A PROFESSIONAL Knapsack Sprayer HAND OPERATED This heavy duty German manual KNAPSACK SPRAYER sprayer is designed without metal or rubber parts in contact with the spray mixture, thereby eliminating rust and corrosion. The 4 galLon non pressurized tank is made of high density poLyethLene mounted on a strong tubular frame. Contoured back and adjustabLe, padded Leather carrying straps. Rugged piston pump is operated by hand pump which can be used on right or Left of sprayer. 10 strokes will appLy 1 quart of mixture. Spray hose and wand with trigger shutoff included. Weight: 9.5 lbs. empty. r------: ~ 1;l, * Mass residents add I _ #425 SoLo Knapsack Sprayers c 5 % sales tax. ~ @ $119.95 * postpaid ci PLease detach and mail I I MasterCard __ Visa _ _ Check _ ~L ___~ ~~_----.LL-J with payment to: Lagerstroemia indica THE I Card No. I EXpifes ______turns green in summer and exhibits bright I Name ______autumn coloration. ~ COMPANY I Address ------ L. indica is adaptable to container cul 112 1 Washington Street I City/ Town tivation too so that in the North it can be W. Newton, MA 02165 I State/ Zip grown in the greenhouse and set out on I the patio for summer bloom. (617) 244-7900 There are about 25 varieties or named cultivars of crape myrtle in commerce, many of which have resulted from hybridization conducted at the U. S. National Arboretum in Washington, D. C. L. indica is certainly Enjoy WATER-LILIES one of the choice flowering shrubs of warm In your own garden. sections of the Eastern Seaboard. But ask nearly anyone about it, and the reaction Lilypons catalogue is almost immediately in terms of their ex perience with mildew-infested leaves just features everything when the flowers are or should be at their needed for your peak. A few years of mildew will kill a garden pool, plant. Do not despair! Help has arrived! including the pool. Hybridization in the Arboretum's on going program has resulted in both mildew resistant and mildew-tolerant forms of crape myrtle. The mildew tolerant cultivars pre viously released by the Arboretum, all with Lilypons Water Gardens names of American Indian tribes, are 'Ca r------tawba', 'Cherokee', 'Conestoga', 'Poto LILYPONS WATER GARDENS mac', 'Powhatan', 'Seminole', 'Muskogee', WATER-LILIES 1508 Lilypons Road 1508 Amhort Road and 'Natchez'. Lilypons, Maryland 21717 Brookshire, Texas 77423 A noteworthy advance in the breeding Fiberglass garden pools, (301) 874-5133 (713) 934-8525 of mildew-free Lagerstroemia cultivars was Lotus, aquatic plants, YES, Please send me the new colorful Lilypons catalog. I enclose 82.50 recently reported by the Arboretum. The Filters, pumps, lights

new seedling, named 'Tuscarora', boasts PVC pool liners, sweeps Name ______~-- ~~------a dark-coral flower color, distinct from the Statuary, books, koi (Please print) usual red, pink, lavender or white of most Goldfish, scavengers Address ______City ______cultivars. In addition, it gives a profusion Send $2.50 for catalog. of bloom over a long period and exhibits State ______the desired mildew resistance. Stock of this Zip ______new plant has been distributed to various ~------American Horticulturist 9 STRANGE RELATIVES CONT'D

commercial nurseries for stock increase. temala. These tender species are used as [Editor's note: for more information on greenhouse pot plants and for bedding and the new mildew-resistant cultivars, see the edging in warm climates or in summer in July, 1982 issue of American Horticultur- the North. ist news.] . Best known is the firecracker or cigar Crape myrtlettes are the product of work plant, Cuphea ignea (formerly C. platy of other specialists. These dwarf plants are centra). It is an annual shrublet eight to suitable for pot culture or for planting in beds. They begin blooming in July when only 12 inches high. They can be grown From the horticultural from seed by the home gardener or ob point of view, crape myrtle, tained as plants from nurseries. Their max $998 Model imum height may be three or four feet. Lagerstroemia indica, is the Just... . ~~~~~; Flower colors range from red through outstanding member of the 40% Tax Credit & State Credits rose, pink and lavender. Because of the loosestrife family. America's first producer of solar struc compact size, crape myrtlettes are often tures introduces the best value ever! Handsome bronze aluminum, double grown as small blooming plants in indoor wall insulated, it RUNS ON THE SUN® light gardens. 15 inches high, sometimes seen as an edg . . . and not much else. Offers you all Lagerstroemia speciosa, pride-of-India ing plant, more often in pots. It was well the options, to heat or grow, and save you money in every way. All sizes, or queen's crape myrtle, produces ex known in generations past and has come shatterproof, the only greenhouse in the tremely showy purplish flowers, three inches again into its own as a house plant. Solitary industry with a 5 year warranty. broad, centered with yellow stamens. This flowers arise in the leafaxils; each consists SEND $1 FOR COLOR BROCHURE & native of India may grow to be 80 feet tall. of a three-quarter-inch-Iong tubular calyx, A COPY OF RECENT IRS RULING '''. ON TAX CREDITS. Less hardy than L. indica, it has become which is red with a dark ring near the tip, popular in southern Florida, southern Cal and a bit of white at the mouth like a cigar ifornia and Hawaii. As a timber tree, its ash; there are no petals. wood is usable for general construction. The quarter-inch, bell-like blossoms of A herbaceous plant familiar in gardens elfin herb, C. hyssopifolia, cover the foot of temperate regions is Lythrum salicaria, high plant with violet or white among Propagation Breakthrough the purple loosestrife or willow herb. This needle-like leaves. It is a much branched, . . -.~.<~-. . perennial European weed is naturalized in neat, densely leafy plant attractive for the . North America from Quebec west to indoor garden and under fluorescent lights. Michigan and south to Maryland along C. llavea is a hairy, two-foot shrub, lakesides and riverbanks. Red-purple bearing clusters of red flowers with flaring flowers on wandlike spikes bloom from petals. It is cultivated as a garden plant in Nothing comes even close to the June to September. southern California. propagation yields, convenience and Among other Lythrum species is L. ala C. micropetala is a four-foot shrub pro versatility of Aquamonitor Mist Controls. tum, an American native of swamps and ducing long, leafy terminal clusters of blos meadows from Ontario to Georgia and 1. AQUAMONITOR's sensor is placed in the soms displaying red stamens and a scarlet cutting seed bed . Its automatic multi-level into the Midwest. This winged Iythrum calyx longer than its minute petals. mist is unique and unequaled. bears solitary, deep-rose, tubular flowers Other Cuphea species include: C. X pur 2. All system adjustments are at the sensor, on angled stems with winglike append handy for " hardening off". You save time, purea, a hybrid between C. llavea and C. steps and avoid moving plants. ages. A number of improved garden va procumbens, a sprawling annual, its flow 3. Mist blasts can be set for 1/ 10 second up to rieties have been developed from L. vir ers purple tipped with green; C. hooker 100 and more. gatum, another European species, with ana, with red or green and red calyx and 4. AQUAMONITOR is exceedingly stable and reliable in or outdoors. The sensor is self flowers in groups of three in leafaxils. It purple petals; C. cyanea, having a yellow cleaned automatically. has been hybridized with L. alatum to pro and red calyx and violet-blue petals. 5. It costs nothing to install or move. It is pre duce selected garden forms. A trailing spe All told, about a dozen Lythraceae gen wired, pre-plumbed, plug in, pull out, hand fitted and portable. cies is L. flexuosum from Asia. era are listed as cultivated plants. Although 6. It is amazingly easy to operate and adjust. The Iythrums, 30 species of annuals or most may not have such historic or literary Once set, it can be left pretty much alone until perennials, are vigorous and hardy plants, connections as the exotic henna, the con " hardening off". 7. One kit can operate a single nozzle or as all good garden subjects in moist situations tinued breeding of selected species and many as 150. Power is less than two watts. or for waterside planting. Named hybrids production of worthy cultivars by dedi Multi-kit installations cost less and provide among the species are attractive perennials cated plantsmen is evidence of the horti better control . 8. It is rugged , durable, trouble free, safe, for the summer-flowering border whenl cultural durability of some of these family dependable, solid state and has little wear or they contribute height and their special rose members." upkeep The first kits sold 11 years ago are rea hues. -Jane Steffey operating today. A few small herbaceous or shrubby plants WRITE FOR OUR FREE LITERATURE AQUAMONITOR of garden interest are found among the 200 Jane Steffey is the horticultural advisor to the Box 327-Z Huntington, N . Y. 11743 species of Cuphea from Mexico and Gua- American Horticultural Society.

10 August 1982 The horticultural classic now BooK REvIEws available again in paperback! Over 140,000 THE BULB BOOK. PAN BOOKS Martyn Rix and Roger Phillips. Pan MARTYN RIX & ROCER PHILLIPS copies sold Books Ltd. London, England. The Bulb Book One of the most (Distributed by Mad River Press, Inc. , informative and Eureka, California). 1981. 192 pages; successful books on garden softcover, $16.45. AHS discount price, flora ever published. Con- $14.50 including postage and handling. tains 2,048 superb color The sub-title to this book tells most of the photographs accompanied story-A Photographic Guide to Over 800 by a 206-page A-to-Z refer Hardy Bulbs. Ten pages of generalities and ence guide with cultivation cultural instructions are followed by a col lection of unique colored photographs of tips. Categories include hardy bulbous plants. Each plant is pho bulbs, plants, and rock tographed in its entirety with the bulb and garden plants. roots removed from the ground. The scale is given for each photograph, and plants flowering together are photographed to THE COLOR gether. The date of each photograph is also DICTIONARY provided, and the arrangement of the book is roughly chronological. Although the dates OF FLOWERS refer to flowering time in England, the in formation is translatable to the United States AND PLANTS by considering a proportionately com HUXLEY'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF pressed flowering season. The sequence of GARDENING. FOR HOME flowering holds true independent of the Anthony Huxley. Universe Books. New absolute flowering date. A brief text ac York, New York. 1982. 373 pages; AND GARDEN hardcover, $17.50. AHS discount price, companies each species, giving the coun Unabridged Compact Edition tries of origin, a description of the general $16.10 including postage and handling. habitat and cultural notes and other per This book is really a dictionary of gar by ROY HAY and tinent comments. This book is a most un dening terminology. It contains no infor PATRICK M. SYNGE usual approach to its subject and of use to mation on specific plants, but it offers good 584 pages. $11.95, now at your book anyone interested in bulbous plants. explanations of the language and practices store, or use coupon of gardening both in Great Britain and the to order. HILLIER'S MANUAL OF TREES United States. Some of the more commonly AND SHRUBS. used botanical terms are also defined. (5th edition). David and Charles Ltd. Hawton Abbot. Devon, England. 1981. THE LIFE AND TRA VELS OF JOHN 576 pages; hardcover, $23.95. AHS BARTRAM. discount price, $20.50 including postage Edmund Berkeley and Dorothy Smith and handling. Berkeley. University Presses of Florida. Originally published as a nursery cata Tallahassee, Florida. 1982. 376 pages; logue in 1972, Hillier's Manual is an in hardcover, $25.00. AHS discount price, valuable reference work for anyone grow $22.50 including postage and handling. CROWN PUBLISHERS, INC., Dept. 626 I I 34 Engelhard Ave., Avenel, N.J. 07001 ing woody plants. It is organized with John Bartram was an intelligent and ob separate sections for trees and shrubs, vines, servant man who had a farm near Phila I Please send me THE COLOR DIC- I I TIONARY OF FLOWERS AND PLANTS I conifers and bamboos. In addition to de delphia in the early 18th century. In the FOR HOME AND GARDEN. Enclosed is I scriptions of species, many cultivars are 1830's he began to collect seeds and plants I my check or money order for $11.95 plus I $1.40 postage and handling charge. If I I also included. More than 8,000 taxa in for friends in England and was soon sup wish, I may return book postpaid within 30 I 700 genera are discussed. Cultural refer plying large quantities of previously un I days for full refund. ences are for the British Isles, but they are known plants to an enthusiastic group of I ~~ I general enough to be of use to the Amer English gardeners. The travels in search of I Address I ican gardener. Nomenclature is generally plants took him to most parts of the east I c. I correct and up-to-date with more common ern United States, and his collections had I Ity I synonyms listed. a profound influence not only on the gar- I State Zip I L NY and N.J. reSidents, add sales tax. ... ------American Horticulturist 11 BOOK REVIEWS CONT'D dens of Europe but also on the developing science of botany. This account of his life and travels is a facinating and well told story that should be of interest to all plant lovers. NATURAL LANDSCAPING. John Diekelmann and Robert Schuster. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York, New York. 1982. 277 pages; hardcover, $24.95. AHS discount price, $21.20 including postage and handling. In an attempt to save energy and effort many people are considering natural land scaping. This term does not mean simply turning the land over to the weeds but instead planting an area with native species suited to the site, which will in a few sea sons become established as a low main tenance planting. This book describes the natural plant communities of the North east from Minnesota to Missouri and east to Maine and Virginia. It then goes on to clearly show how you can analyze your is illustrated with line drawings, gives de current correct botanical names but is oth own site and establish an appropriate nat scriptions of species and locations of in erwise unchanged. It is illustrated with line ural plant community. For the reader in dividual specimens. This is an excellent drawings, and the text offers clear descrip terested in more detail, a bibliography is guide to trees in Washington, D.C., but it tions with a minimum of specialized bo given at the end of each chapter. Examples is also a good model of what such a local tanical terms. Those special words which of landscape plans are given for both res guidebook should be. are used are defined in the glossary. Since idential and institutional sites. An appen WEEDS. this work predates the use of chemical her dix gives lists of suitable species for each (2nd edition). Walter Conrad bicides, the control methods given for each plant community, and a second appendix Muenscher. Cornell University Press. weed should be of particular interest to lists places to visit where you can see an Ithaca, New York. 1980.586 pages; organic gardeners who would rather not already established natural landscape hardcover, $32.50. AHS discount price, use chemicals in their gardens. 0 scheme. $27.50 including postage and handling. - Gilbert S. Daniels CITY OF TREES- THE COMPLETE This work is an old standard reference (1st Gilbert S. Daniels is the President of the BOTANICAL AND HISTORICAL edition 1935), which has been updated with American Horticultural Sociery. GUIDE TO THE TREES OF WASHINGTON, D.C. ------Melanie Choukas-Bradley and Polly Alexander. Acropolis Books Ltd. ORDER Washington, D.C. 1981.283 pages; foRM hardcover, $24.95. Over the years many communities have o The Bulb Book $14.50 Please allow six weeks for delivery. Discount published lists of cultivated trees of the o Hillier's Manual of Trees price includes postage. Virginia residents add area together with locations of outstand and Shrubs 20.50 4 % sales tax. ing specimens. Usually such publications Huxley's Encyclopedia of o Mail to: Dorothy Sams are little more than checklists, but they are Gardening 16.10 useful to local residents and to others who American Horticultural Sociery o The Life and Travels of P.O. Box 0105 are interested in what grows well in a par John Bartram 22.50 Mount Vernon, Virginia 22121 ticular area. All of the utility of such a Natural Landscaping 21.20 work is present in this text, but City of o Trees is a much more ambitious work than o City of Trees 24.95 Ship to: ______m61st books on a similar subject. The first o Weeds 27.50 60 pages are devoted to colored photo Street: ______graphs of many of the more important flowering trees in Washington and to his Enclosed is my check for __ books City: ______torical reviews of plantings in areas such For the total amount of ______State: ______Zip: ----- as the White House, the Mall and the Cap L______J ital grounds. The rest of the book, which

12 August 1982 THE MOST COMPLETE GUIDE EVER PUBLISHED TO HORTICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS AND PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA NORTH AMERICAN HORTICULTURE A REFERENCE GUIDE COMPILED BY THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SPECIAL PRE-PUBLICATION DISCOUNT TO MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Use this coupon to order North American Horticulture before Sep tember 1 publication and receive 10% off list price of $50.00, plus free postage and handling. Over 450 pages of information.

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• Card # Expiration date • • Signature • ·• ~~ .• · ~~ . • City State ZiP. : *This offer expires August 31. 1982. 1 ------______1 Goldenrod

BY MARGARET HENSEL

The horticulturally ate summer heralds goldenrod time them, not the least of which are th€ir har throughout much of the eastern and co~antmayregard din€ss and sturdy stems that don't require L central parts of the United States. goldenrod as an innocent staking. Ranging in h€ight from six inches In August our roadsides glow with Joe enough plant, but there are to eight feet, goldenrod has num€rous pye-weeds (Eupatorium species), red clo forms, including the graceful, plume-like ver and fading umber grasses, while great many for whom the myth branching of Canada gold€nFod (S. can stretches of goldenrod (Solidago species) of "the goldenrod hay fever adensis), the flat-topped clust@rs of lance sweep the landscape. Across drying fidds leaved goldenrod (S. graminifolia), and th€ and meadows the inc€ssant cricket chorus threat" looms large. slender, wandlike st€ms of downy gold has assumed a slightly melancholy tone, enrod (S. puberula). Season of bloom ex and winds, once zephyr-like, take on a enter a world run by adults, with schedules t€nds from summer through fall and some penetrating edge. Through the sweet re and classes, in the prison of a small wooden times into November, depending upon prieve of Indian summer, goldenrod bloom desk. sp€cies and locale. Hardiness zon€s range continues until the cool nights of October For others that first bloom is also viewed from a rigorous Zone 3 to Zone 10. announce its seasonal farewell. with a c€rtain amount of apprehension, Goldenrod hybrids may in many cases Perhaps better than any native wild but for a different reason. The horticul be better suited to the formal gard€n set flower, goldenrod evokes the special mood turally cognizant may regard goldenrod as ting than the native species I will list later. that attunes our senses to the ephemeral an innocent enough plant, but there are Noted for their more restrained and pre quality of time and nature. As a child it many for whom the myth of "the golden dictable growth habits, cultivars are also was never a favorite topic for my reveries. rod hay fever threat" looms large. Over becoming more readily available through Each year in mid-August, that first golden 100 species of Solidago are found across nurseries. In natural areas there are a num bloom filled me with a sense of impending the United States. This statistic might be b€r of native species of gold€nrod that are d00m. Those innocent flowers spelled the caus€ for alarm were it not for the fact particularly valuable. As nativ€s, these inevitable end to adventure; no more jaunts that goldenrod does not cause hay fever. plants have adapted thems€lves to div€rse through marshes in search of elusive wild Unlike ragweed, grasses and sedges, gold and sometimes challenging conditions, in flowers; no more running barefoot down enrod pollen is not carried by the wind. cluding shady woods, dry or st€rile soil the dusty beach road perfumed with hon Instead, its rather weighty grains are dis and sand and salt marsh@s. By selecting eysuckle and bayb€rry. All too soon that tributed from plant to plant by a variety goldenrod species to match troublesome magical sense of summer time, marked only of pollinators, including butterflies, birds garden areas, your plants will respond to by meals and nightfall, would be OV€r. As and bees. care and feeding by growing even more sure as any clock, three weeks after the The appreciation of this native plant is luxuriantly than in their wild homes. first appearance of Solidago, I would agaim well tempered by the rampant hay fever There are many native goldenrods to mythology and by its presence in fields and choose from in the Northeast and Central m€adows everywhere. Nothing as com United States (roughly 62-69 species, de mon as goldenrod will do for the cultivated pending upon which source you refer to). garden, some say. Still, with so much of If all these species weren't enough, ther€ this plant staring us in the face, it is sur are also certain regional varieties in form, prising that more American gardeners have plus goldenrods have an ability to hybri not begun to explore the wealth of poten dize on their own. All of these faaors add tial garden material this lovely wildflower up to a tricky bit of business when it comes has to offer. to accurate identification, which leaves even English gardeners have been using gold experts confused. I have walked through enrod species in their garden schemes for the woods and meadows on my own and well over a hundred years. Europeans in with a friend who is a horticulturist and general, and the English and Germans in wildflower propagator, but even equipped particular, have selected and hybridized a with a small library of identification books, number of species. VirtuaHy free from ma we were still not absolutely sure of some jor insect and disease problems, golden species. rods have many attributes to recommend Fortunately within this morass of iden-

14 August 1982 The showy clusters of goldenrods come in many forms. On the left are the flat-topped clusters of slender fragrant goldenrod, Solidago tenuifolia. RIGHT: The more wandlike, blue-stemmed goldenrod, S. caesia. tification problems there are a few species • 'Cloth of Gold'-Primrose yellow flow that are not only easy to identify but are ers appear from mid-August through Sep also common and make excellent subjects tember in large clusters, on plants 18-20 for various types of garden settings. When inches high. selecting goldenrod for any garden, cul • 'Golden Dwarf'-A dwarf hybrid 12 tural requirements and growth habits are inches high, this plant blooms in full sun important. The method by which roots from late summer to fall. spread, and to what extent, season of bloom, • 'Golden Mosa'-An English favorite, plant form and height should all be taken the sprays of dark- or lemon-yellow blooms into consicleration. Although full sun is resemble mimosa, on a plant not over three generally preferred, there are species that feet tall. August through September is bloom will thrive in shade and for some, their time. requirem ~nts for sun and shade may over • 'Leraft'-Bright-yellow blooms appear lap. As for color, this is obviously not a on plants three feet high in August. major hurdle in the selection process, be • 'Peter Pan'-Canary-yellow blossoms cause except for Solidago bicolor, which appear on 2- V2- foot plants in August. has a creamy-white form and is often com • 'Plume 0' Gold'-This is a particularly monly called silverrod or white goldenrod, valuable species for late flowering because goldenrod comes only in varying shades frost doesn't harm the golden blooms. of yellow raFlging from clear to deep golden. When selecting goldenrod species for a Hybridizing of our native species has naturalized area such as along a stone wall, produced a number of cultivars. The fol rail fence or at the edge of a wooded area, lowing are a selection of those most readily first analyze the existing conditions of the available. Continued on page 34

,.. American Horticulturist 15 \ TEXT AND ILLUSTRATIONS BY PETER LOEWER

ur collecting of 0rnamental grasses began in th€ spring of 197.5 when Owe purchased two plants of purple moor grass (Molinia caerulea 'Variegara') from a local nursery. At that time the gar den consisted of a worn and tangled bank of tawny daylilies (Hemerocallis fulva); a mass of goutw€ed (Aegopodium poda graria 'Variegatum')-smely on€ of the most vicious plants ev€r to attack a home stead; two pre-World War I peonies; and a fine coll€crion of broken bottles and burnt out fuses tossed aside by the owners of our farm over the previous 100 years. The soil that surrounded our newly r€• modeled country home made the typical subdivision's scorched earth look like a golf course: the last owners had scraped the littl€ top soil there was and sold it during the hard times of the 30's, leaving us a base of hard-pan and r€d shale. But the pHrple moor grass flourished (it's still there), and my interest in the orna mental grass€s gr€w. Not only did th€y have the power to break up poor soil on their own but most were also able to resist the hot summer sun and unpredictable rains that we in the Catskill Mountains endure. Unlike their lowly cousins of the lawn, the ornamental grasses are grown for their fountain-like habits of growth (few spread by funners like the hated crabgrass), their endless color variations and varigations, and-especially with the annuals-the nl:lgnificient and fascinating seed heads that make them so perfect for winter bouquets. For even after the heat of summer has passed and killing frosts have laid low the more tender plants of the garden, the or namental grasses still give a show of foliage tinted with light browns and bronzes or with the reds and golds of autumn. Finally, most species disappear Hnder our winter's snow, but even then the Japanese eulalia LEFT AND CENTER: Miscanthus sinensis 'Gracillimus'. RIGHT: Miscanthus sinensis 'Variegatus'.

16 August 1982 grass, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, thrusts quence of bloom throughout the summer, its seven- to eight-foot stems above the I start seeds indoors in early spring using worst that our winter usually has to offer. any of the popular pre-mixed sowing me diums and allowing plenty of light to pre THE ANNUAL GRASSES vent leggy growth. Then every three or The annual ornamental grasses are rarely four weeks I start more plants. grown for their foliage, which exhibits a If you plant annual grass seeds directly singular sameness, but for the flowers and out-of-doors, prepare and mark the seed seeds that offer so many fascinating va bed with care: the new little plants all look rieties of form and color. A few even de like more common grassy weeds, leading mand a position in the garden bed and to ultimate dismay and confusion. One year border as the plants are small and the flower I was careless and crabgrass squeezed out heads large, but most should be confined my seedlings of hare's-tail grass before I to that old-fashioned standby-the cutting knew what was happening. garden-where they can be gathered at the When seedlings are one- to two-inches peak of bloom and dried for winter bou tall, thin them out to six or 12 inches be quets (and some seed saved from each plant tween each plant, depending on the ulti for the following year). mate height of the plant. Sources for an As a general rule the annual grasses re nual grass seeds are listed in the Sources quire full summer sun for adequate growth section of this issue, and all the seed com and flowering, and they are not too fussy panies give complete directions for plant about soil conditions. To ensure a se- ing and harves~ing on each pack. icles over a foot in length that bow toward the earth under the weight of the seeds. While the plants are tolerant of some lack of water, they perish quickly under drought conditions. First grown in China about 2700 B.C., foxtail reached Europe during the Middle Ages and in 1849 it entered the U.S. where it has become an important fodder crop. The seed is harvested for bird seed and is often found growing around old dumps and land fills where generations of bird lovers have emptied the cage. To dry grasses for winter bouquets, gather the grasses in mid-afternoon on a dry and sunny day, after the dews of morning have evaporated and before the afternoon damp sets in. Pick stems with blossoms that are not yet completely open, and cut the stems as long as you can; it's much easier to trim stems for a shorter arrangement than glue stems back together for length. Strip any excess leaves from the stem and then tie small bunches together with a firm hand as the stems lose volume as they dry, hang ing them upside down in a cool and airy place. Most of the straight grasses should be dried in this manner. Those like the fox tails, which benefit from a curved stem, should be staked in a dry vase or container and kept upright while being stored with the others. Many of the leaves of grasses, especially LEFT: Switch grass, Panicum virgatum. TOP: My two favorite members of the annual the reeds and the Miscanthus species, are A variety of grasses planted together make an ornamental grasses are hare's-tail grass and excellent additions to dried arrangements. attractive border. CENTER: Zebra grass in foxtail millet. Hare's-tail grass, Lagurus With very delicate seedheads like cloud late fall. BELbw: Molinia caerulea 'Variegata'. RIGHT: 1. Cut grass, Leersia ovatus, is a l\ardy annual that reaches a grass and champagne grass, a very light oryzoides; 2. Green foxtail, Setaria viridis; height of 18 to 24 inches. Originally from spray with a liquid hair net is often ben 3. Wild chess, Bromus secalinus; 4. Orchard the Mediterranean region and in cultiva eficial in holding them together. grass, Dactylis glome rata; 5. Velvet grass, tion for so many years in England that it Holcus lanatus. has now naturalized, this grass is the only THE PERENNIAL GRASSES member of its genus. The name in Greek means lagos, a hare, and oura, a tail. It's Many of the rarer perennial ornamental a lovely and fragile plant that will produce grasses may be grown from seed, and most a great many terminal spikes before the of the garden societies in America and Eng time of a killing frost up north. land include a number of species in their Besides being attractive in the border, seed lists published for members every year. the flower heads do not shatter with age: But it's often faster (sometimes by two or Unfortunately, it is also mistreated by a three years) to buy established plants from large number of people who feel the ab the many nurseries that now offer grass solute necessity to continually improve on perennials. Grasses survive shipping with nature and dye the seed heads liver green, ease, and United Parcel can deliver from electric pink or frostbite blue, then place California to New York in three days. them in plastic vases for sale along the The biggest concern of the gardener in highways of North America. planting ornamental grasses is the final size Foxtail millet, Setaria italica, is a strik of the plants. A mature clump of zebra ing annual that grows up to four feet in grass, Miscanthus sinensis 'Zebrinus', is height with dense panicles of seeds that truly large. That young plant you bought resemble the foxtails that trailed behind in 1982 and placed under the kitchen win- the rumble seats of old Chevies during the 30's. Well-sited plants often produce pan- Continued on page 36

18 August1982

TEXT BY JOY FORAKER PHOTOGRAPHY BY PAMELA HARPER

ABOVE: A pink cultivar of Achillea millefolium, sometimes sold as 'Rosea'. RIGHT: Achillea millefolium 'Red Beauty'.

he ornamental herb Achillea was Achillea is the recipient of many nick lends its unusual form to both summer and named for Achilles because it was names. Woundwort (weed for wounds) is winter bouquets. Although the flowers seem T said this Greek hero first discov one. Sneezewort and old man's pepper immortal, the leaves dry and shrivel. I break ered its medicinal properties. He was sup likely refer to its usually pungent odor. them off to slip inside pillow covers or to posed to have stanched the wounds of sol Thousand-leaf and milfoil describe the ferny brew for tea. It isn't the tea's taste that diers with it. leaves of some species. Angel flower and evokes pleasure, but rather its scent-rem Throughout history, Achillea, particu bunch of daisies are names complimenting iniscent of crisp, yellow flowers and azure larly the field-weed yarrow, has been sought a plant as beautiful as it is useful. It is well skies. for its curative powers. "Yarrow" trans suited to borders and to rock gardens. The time to cut Achillea for bouquets is lates literally as "healer," coming from the I originally purchased Achillea filipen before the colored disk flowers have fallen Anglo-Saxon gaeruwe. Besides being used dulina and A. ptarmica plants because wild out of the brown heads, for when these to stop bleeding, yarrow has been an im yarrow was such an old friend. Also, I tiny flowers drop, they take their color portant ingredient in astringents, lini wanted a perennial that would be easy to with them, and the entire clusterhead be ments, toothache remedies-and beer. As grow. A. filipendulina turned out to be a comes brown. a child, I read wild yarrow would reduce stunning addition to the border. Long, flat, Achillea's flowering period extends from or help prevent bruising. To this day, I yellow clusters float over tall stems. Not early summer to hard frost. Easy in any place yarrow-leaf poultices on bruises. only is it an eye-catcher, but it is also phe soil and full sun, it will stand some shade. A plant as common and well-known as nomenally long lasting. As a cut flower it This plant is tough-where conditions are

20 August 1982 poor, Archillea will surpass other peren disk flowers, which are encircled by a dou herent in even the cultivated varieties." nials. Wild yarrow is sometimes the only ble row of white ray flowers. Leaves are Achillea grows vigorously and has to be visible flower growing on barren, exposed dark-green and willow-shaped. This spe divided every few years to maintain max sites amid sagebrush, rocks and clay, and cies is native to Eurasia and has naturalized imum bloom. Division is best done in spring. along dry roadsides during the hottest days itself in North America. It is two-feet high Another means of propagating is by taking of summer. and blooms from spring to frost. A. ptar midsummer cuttings. Like chrysanthe Achillea prefers dryness, but if in a well mica, like feverfew or baby's breath, is mums, they can be transplanted anytime drained site it survives over-watering. It used by florists to enhance cut flower bou the ground is warm. By keeping the plant grows anywhere in the nation. Most kinds quets.1t looks most attractive in the garden moist until it takes hold, I've moved A. resist drought and are winter hardy. when several are planted together and filipendulina in full bloom without its going I planted mine at the base of fruit trees is different enough from other perennials into shock. along the driveway and also on bare, clay that friends ask its name. Although it can It is said Achillea plants are subject to loam exposed to wind. Those that aren't be invasive, A. ptarmica makes a valuable attack by rust and by powdery mildew, cut for bouquets but remain in the garden cut flower and is attractive in the sunny both of which are controlled by sulphur all winter stand erect even after being bur border. dust. Any plants showing signs of stem ied in the snow. Their strong stems, the Another Achillea species you might wish rot, a fungus-caused decay in the base of yarrow sticks of I Ching, seem to weaken to plant is A. ageratum, sweet yarrow. From the stem, should be destroyed. only if they receive too much shade. southern Europe, this is the species that When you plant Achillea from a mixed Achillea is a member of the Compositae. has pleasantly scented blossoms. The 1 !fl packet of seeds, plants of various heights There are as many as 60 to 100 species, inch flower heads are borne on compact, result. You'll want to transplant taller ones but only about 20 are of horticultural sig 18-inch plants. Other common names are to the back of the border. By all means, nificance. Flowers in this genus bloom in silver ya rrow and sweet Nancy. try seeding Achillea. Perhaps you'll be the white, yellow to gold, rosy-pink, red and Another favorite is A. tomentosa, woolly first to discover an orange or a cream color. a range of lavender and blue-rose shades. yarrow, from Europe and the Orient. Yel Botanist Gilmartin says, "The prospects A. millefolium is milfoil or common yar low flowers bloom in July, accented by for Achillea seem to be almost without end row. A native of Europe and western Asia low-growing mats of woolly foliage. A. as species cross and as people cultivate the that has spread to this country, its flowers tomentosa 'Aurea' is a dwarf cultivar, original species and permit the hidden var are usually white, but there are several cul reaching a height of about seven inches as iation (in the natural populations) to be tivars with pink to dark-pink ray flowers. compared to the species, which is from 10 revealed." 0 From !fl to three feet tall, it always has to 12 inches tall. An even smaller cultivar with primrose-yellow flowers is 'King Ed Joy Foraker is a professional orchardist and fernlike foliage that is soft to the touch. amateur gardener. Her articles have appeared Selected, improved plants coming from the ward', reaching a height of about six inches. in American Horticulturist, House Beautiful same stock as wild yarrow include 'Red Both plants form dense mats of gray-green and Western Fruit Grower. Beauty', 'Crimson Beauty' and 'Fire King'. foliage, withstand heat and are ideal for Other cultivars are 'Cerise Queen', which rock gardens. is cherry red and 18 inches tall, and 'Rubra', It is very easy to start new yarrow plants which is a deep-pink cultivar. A. millefol from seed. In March or early April I sow ium 'Rosea' bears dense heads of rosy-pink seeds on top of a mix of ordinary garden flowers from July to late fall. 'Rose Beauty' soil lightened with sand. I sift sphagnum is a 25-inch-tall rose-pink. Don't permit moss over the seeds to help prevent damp these improved plants to go to seed or ing off and set the seed container in a sunny common varieties will result. window. Achillea sprouts five to 15 days A. filipendulina, from Asia Minor and after sowing, and 70° F is ideal for ger the Caucasus, is the tallest, growing to five mination. Set the new plants outdoors early feet. Its leaves are gray-green and flowers in May; they will bloom the first season. are a showy yellow from June to hard frost. If seeds are sown outdoors in May, blos 'Cloth of Gold', 'Golden Plate', 'Midas soms will not appear until the following Touch' and 'Coronation Gold' are culti year. vars of this species offered by nurseries. I pi-anted a packet of mixed Achillea The species withstands hot and dry grow seeds-many A. ptarmica and A. filipen ing conditions. Its leaves, though fernlike, dulina plants resulted, duplicating the plants are coarser than A. millefolium. It looks I had purchased at considerably more cost. well in a border behind Shasta daisies in Most were A. millefolium-soft, finely dis midsummer and red chrysanthemums in sected leaves topped by clusters of every fall. Viewed through a lens, A. filipendu shade of rose-blue from light lavender to lina is a tight cluster of brown heads inside dark wine-purple. I asked Dr. Amy Jean which bloom tiny disk flowers. Each head Gilmartin, Director of the Marion Own is like a bouquet of several of the fertile bey Herbarium of the Department of Bot tubular flowers. any, Washington State University, if these A. ptarmica is sneezewort. The most were cultivated or native forms. She re commonly available cultivar of this species plied, "They are simply showing some of is 'The Pearl', and it bears heads filled with the vast range of variation which is in-

American Horticulturist 21 22 August 1982 BY URSULA BUCHAN

e English are proud of Hidcote garden out of 10 acres of agricultural land. Manor near Chipping Camp den, Years passed, and much progress was France, and was buried near uralized British subject in 1900 at the age :; his mother close to Hidcote at Mickleton. of 29. He even went off to fight for the -5.g The epitaph on his grave reads simply, British in the Boer War and the First World -3 "Deeply loved by all his friends." War. ;§ He was an artistic and cultivated man, At about the same time Johnston be The long walk at left, viewed here from being very fond of painting and a keen came a British subject, he also became in inside a gazebo, epitomizes Lawrence collector of books. He was shy and unos terested in farming. His mother, then the Johnston's capacity for conceiving interesting tentatious and liked his privacy. He never widowed Mrs. Winthrop, having lost two ideas and his courage in cartying out those married but had many friends, among them husbands by this time, bought 280 acres ideas. The walk slopes gently upward for famous gardeners such as Vita Sackville of farmland, a village and an unpretentious more than a hundred yards so that the visitor West, Norah Lindsay and Mark Fenwick. stone farmhouse at Hidcote Bartrim, a re must walk all the way to see the view Above all, he was a highly original man mote village in Gloucestershire. All there beyond. Facing the gazebo above, two with tremendous vision. was to the "garden" was a large cedar-of watering cans, reputed to have belonged to It is difficult now to realize how original Marie Antoinette, stand sentinel. Lebanon and two groups of beeches. It was many of Johnston's ideas were, since they a lonely, windswept place, on unappeal have become common practice among so ing, heavy clay, with only breathtaking phisticated gardeners. Hidcote is, in the views across the Vale of Evesham to rec words of Vita Sackville-West, "a cottage ommend it. On this seemingly inauspicious garden on the most glorified scale." It is site Johnston was to develop a garden that a series of enclosed, informal, almost secret was to become famous in his own lifetime gardens within a large whole, intersected and is now a jewel in the crown of the and surrounded by tall hedges so that the National Trust gardens. visitor is drawn ever onwards, exploring Johnston set about to i\TIprove the prop little nooks full of choice plants, or round erty, adding a wing on the house for his ing a corner to be met with a spreading mother, tidying the farmyard into a court vista. Johnston was an enthusiastic plants yard and turning a barn next to the house man who allied a love of a plant's rarity into a chapel where mass was sometimes to an unerring aesthetic judgment upon it. said. Then he settled down to create the He coupled restraint and self-discipline with

American Horticulturist 23 an excellent color sense. The result at Hid Manor when he added the wing and placed cote is a constant visual feast for the vis a false coat of arms above the d00r. To itor, be he gardener or not. the right is a collection of barns, now the Johnston's desire was always to plant tea ro0m and gift shop. Against the wall the very best variety or strain; nothing at grows a large specimen of Magnolia de Hidcote is second best, as we all too often lavayi, which has large, dull-gn'len leaves. put up with in our own gardens. Schemes Normally a shy flowerer in England, it that did not please were abandoned at Ollce. (mjoys this warm spot. Nearby the Glas Like all the most successful garden owners, nevin form of Solanum crispum clambers he was a practical man who could be seen up the wall of the barn. This fmm has many times on his hands and knees weed larger, mauve potato flowers than the spe ing the flower borders. cies. Next to this specimen is planted one He was, no doubt, influenced by earlier of the best of the pink climbillg roses fo r gardeners. Gertrude Jekyll's ideas, for ex a north or east wall, 'Madame Gregoire ample, can be detected in some of the color Staechlin'. On the left side of the courtyard schemes, but his garden design was quite is a shrub border with two large and halld novel. It most certainly influenced his con some specimens of the fragrant Viburnum temporaries and later generations of gar X burkwoodii, a useful shrub that flowers den owners. The idea of small "e:ottage" sometimes as early as January and is at its gardens full of interesting plants within a From the bathing pool garden above, rimmed best in May. Nearby is the large-flowered larger garden must have influenced Vita by whimsical topiary, the visitor leaves the HyperiGUm 'Hidcote'. No one knows if Sackville-West when she began to layout formal gardens and plunges into the this is a gardell hybrid or form, or whether the gardens at Sissinghurst Castle in Kent controlled wilderness of Westonbirt. Within Johnston collected it, but most would agree ill the 1930's. Johnston's use of shrubs and the series of cottage gardens at right, that it has the largest and freshest yellow small trees rather than solely herbaceous imaginative perennial plantings abound. flowers of any hypericum. perennials was innovative, too. Prominent at right is Hydrangea arborescens On the chapel wall, the hydrangea-like His love of rarities led him enthusias 'Sterile'. climber, Schizophragma integrifolium, is tically to embark on two plant expeditions, underplanted with the deep-blue 'Hidcote' one in 1927 from Cape Town, South Af lavender. The house is clothed with climb rica, to Victoria Falls through the Drak ers-notably in May and JUlle, Clematis ensberg mountains, and in 1931 to Yun montana 'Rubens', whose flowers fall in nan in China, with George Forrest, the cascades of pale-pink stars. famous Scot plant hHnter. Their collec From the courtyard the visitor passes tions included Jasminum polyanthum and into the Garden Yard, where pride of place Mahonia lomariifolia. belongs to the handkerchief or dove tree, Johnston took full advaIltage of Eng Davidia involucrata var. vilmoriniana. A land's temperate climate-fairly high rain tree of western China, it was discovered fall and little snow-and made a garden by Pere David in 1869 and was introduced that is worth seeing during any season. into cultivation by another French mis As the visitor wanders through these sionary, Farges, who sellt back seed to cottage rooms on my narrative journey, I France in 1897. Its astonishing beauty lies shall point out plants flowering not only not in its flowers, which are insignificant, in high summer, when the garden is at its but in the two magnificent, creamy-white best, but also in the spring and fall . Space bracts, of different lellgths, which are borne precludes the mention of more than a small with the flowers in May. number of the hunclreds of species grown In the Garclen Yard tubs are displayed at Hidcote, but I hope the following de bedded up with half-hardy plants, notably scription will serve at least to whet the Fu c-hsia 'Hidcote', with a cream and pink appetite. flower, raised here in the 1950's. In an Let the visitor start in the courtyard fac other tub, there is a pretty group of the ing the stone house, dating partly from the fuchsia-like Abutilon megapotamicum, the 17th century, with Mrs. Winthrop'S wing semi-double vermilion-red Pelargonium adl:led. Major Johnston called the house a 'Gustav Emich', and the yellow-green and

24 August 1982 American Horticulturist 25 furry-leaved Helichrysum petiolatum Hydrangea integerrima, a self-clinging erly in May and goes on well into October, 'Variegatum'. climber that bears great, white tennis balls because annual bedding plants and re Striking when it flowers in July is the of flowers in July. montant roses are widely used. Against the golden yellow flowered Chinese wood From here the visitor enters what is es south-facing wall flowers Rosa 'Lawrence bine, Lonicera tragophylla, over the door sentially the center of the garden, the Old Johnston', which may very well be the of one of the barns. The marvelous feature Garden, dominated by the ancient cedar original plant raised by the French rose of this plant is that it is only happy in of-Lebanon, the White Garden and the grower Pernet-Ducher in 1923 and named shade. Maple Garden. after the owner of Hidcote. It is a cross From this vantage point the visitor turns The Old Garden was probably the veg between 'Madame Eugene Verdier' and left and comes upon one of the most dra etable garden of the farmhouse in the days Rosa foetida 'Persiana' and has intensely matic garden sights in England, the The before Johnston took over the property. It yellow, fragrant, semi-double flowers. atre Lawn. This is a large expanse of green, is surrounded by walls and consists of rec The fine tree "abutilons," Corynabuti enclosed by high hedges, the focus of which tangular beds, bisected by paths. Here pas Ion vitifolium (formerly Abutilon vitifol is a solitary, ancient beech on a small, raised tel shades-blues, pinks and whites-pre ium) and the cultivar 'Album', flower in lawn, towards the back and reached by dominate, and Johnston's love of profusion June in the wall border, as do white phlox, steps. is evident. the tall Chrysanthemum parthenium 'White To the left is the little Laundry Shelter, In the shade of the old cedar, Welsh Bonnet' with pure white, double flowers, where once the washing was hung out to poppies and bluebells flower in the spring, and Viburnum macrocephalum, the so dry. Here Johnston planted rhododen and in the autumn, Cyclamen hederifolium called Chinese snowball, with loose heads dlions in made-up peat and acid soil beds, shows its pink and white flowers above of white flowers. for the garden soil as a whole is alkaline. green and white marbled leaves. Across the path Geranium ibericum Against one wall is a huge specimen of The Old Garden starts flowering prop- flowers profusely, as does Rosa 'Nevada',

26 August 1982 one of the best of the modern shrub roses, of the square beds. Anthemis cupaniana, with its ivory-white, single flowers and a white daisy up to a foot high, romps at prominent, yellow stamens. the back, and the loveliest of the fragile The two central borders are mainly pinks bindweeds, Convolvulus cneorum, cou and mauves, and are a good example of ples beautiful, pink-tinged, white trumpets the fashion that Johnston helped to pro all through the summer with attractive silky, mote: the mixed border-a structure of gray leaves. This plant dislikes the wet permanent shrubs with perennials to add English winters, being a native of the Med color in the summer, and half-hardy an iterranean region. nuals, in this case Dimorphotheca, Felicia Leading from the White Garden is a amoena and Felicia amelloides, the blue charming Japanese maple garden, where daisy or blue marguerite, to fill in the gaps. specimens of Acer japonicum and Acer The roses are mainly pink and include palmatum 'Dissectum' are planted. In de hybrid musks such as 'Vanity', the fleeting ference to the startling tints these turn in Rosa rubrifolia, whose attractive, glau autumn, the color scheme here tends to be cous leaves more than make up for the e. dark: Fuchsia magellanica var. macros short season of its pink flowers, Rosa 'Na :J: Nth'!!~~ tema, 'Cherry Pie' heliotrope and Helle ~ talie Nypels' and the tall, sturdy and ever ~ borus foetidus. In a large yew a waterfall popular 'Queen Elizabeth'. d:! of Paul's Himalayan rambler, (Rosa bru Johnston always strove for good color The Stilt Garden at left is unique in Britain nonii,) with its whitey-pink flowers, cas and plant associations, and the National and consists of two lines of clipped hornbeam cades downward. Trust has tried diligently to remain true to trees with bare stems on each side of the If the visitor stands beneath the spread his ideas. One very successful grouping path. The effect is of two long, rectangular ing cedar-of-Lebanon, with his back to the consists of Rosa 'Natalie Nypels', a com green boxes on legs. In a north-facing border house, he looks along the grass path be pact, bushy rose, with lustrous green leaves above, supplemented with acid and peat soil, tween mixed borders in the Old Garden, blue poppies, Meconopsis X sheldonii, find a and semi-double rose-pink flowers, next then beyond through the hedged Circle to happy home. to the old-fashioned Dianthus 'Whitela the long Red Borders, planted mainly for dies', and the clear-pink flowers of Ge summer display, then up stone steps flanked ranium endressii 'Wargrave'. Another on each side by a brick gazebo, and beyond grouping is formed with Potentilla vil to the Stilt Garden. At the end is a large moriniana, a deciduous shrub with silvery wrought-iron gate, which marks the leaves and cream flowers behind Salvia boundary of the garden, and from which guaranitica, a small shrub with racemes of can be glimpsed in the hazy distance the deep-blue flowers in late summer, and Vale of Evesham and the Malvern Hills. Chrysanthemum frutescens 'Mary Woot The Circle, which connects the Old Gar ton'. In the front of the borders are dibbled den and the Red Borders, is at its best in Viola cornuta 'Lilacina' and 'Alba', with the spring when the Rouen lilac (Syringa dainty, fresh-faced flowers all summer. X chinensis) flowers in scented, purple The north-facing border is made up with plumes above a carpet of blue Omphal peat and acid soil so that the lovely and odes verna (creeping forget-me-not), blue fugitive Meconopsis (pale-yellow Mecon bells and the Lenten hellebore. opsis dhwojii, the rich-blue M. grandis and The double borders, known as the Red its offspring M. X sheldonii) may be grown. Borders, start to flower in April and only Here also flowers the on;hid-like Roscoea begin to fade when the frosts come in Oc cautleoides, plump, fleshy and deep-purple tober. The colors are orange and red, with Orchis maderensis and the best of the ber a back-cloth of copper and purple foliage genias, to my mind, because of its large provided by the purple-leaved Prunus spi and intensely hairy leaves, Bergenia ciliata. nosa 'Purpurea', Acer platanoides 'Crim Next to the Old Garden lies the White son King', the purple hazel and Berberis Garden, planted principally with the pink thunbergii 'Atropurpurea'. The roses are ish-white Rosa 'Gruss an Aachen', intro mostly the floribunda 'Frensham', which duced in 1909, soon after Johnston moved has deep-crimson flowers and shiny, green to Hidcote. Permanence is given to the set foliage, and for contrast in shape, Rosa ting by topiary birds in box at the corners Continued on page 35

American Horticulturist /27-" I 28 August 1982 How to Make Pres Flower Des~·~ ~

BY JANET C. THIERFELDER

s March approaches, I know that spring is only a few weeks away, but it's a little difficult to believe when I look out my window and see the thermometer reading 28°. I keep thinking how lovely it will be when the crocus and daffodils finally poke through the soil and unfold their cheerful blossoms. Happily, I've found an easy and creative way to avoid the winter doldrums from now on and keep my home alive with the colors of spring and summer all year long. This spring, when the earth bursts forth again in all her glory, I will begin gathering the bounty from my garden and preserving it through "pressing." All kinds of plant material-petals, foliage, grasses and ferns---can be pre served for use in pressed flower designs. I like to frame them and hang them for display. Since the plant material is covered with glass, the design can last indefi nitely. However, there are many other imaginative uses for pressed plants such as decorations on stationery, bookmarks and placemats, or in scrapbooks as memorabilia from trips and special events. Another beautiful way to display designs is on tabletops under glass. There is no end to the delightful creations you can produce if you use a bit of imagination.

This pressed flower design by Sunny O'Neil was inspired by a Flemish painting and was made with more than a dozen varieties of flowers. The simulated bunches of grapes are verbena blossoms, the vase is wood-grained contact paper rubbed with gold and the background is black felt. Ms. O'Neil has lectured and taught the art of making pressed flower pictures, dried flower arrangements and Christmas decorations for many years in Washington, D.C. She will be lecturing at the 1983 Williamsburg Garden Symposium on "White House Flowers Yesterday and Today," bringing to life stories of the past occupants of the White House and their interest in the flowers and gardens of the Executive Mansion.

American Horticulturist 29 A brick makes a good weight for pressing. Petals should be flat and can be removed from their flower source for better pressing results. Tab notations make finding the flower or plant part you want to work with easier. A simple design is best for beginners, and tweezers are a handy tool for arranging delicate flower parts in a design.

30 August 1982 ny plant material that is fairly flat the book so that everything remains flat it is stretched tightly over the cardboard. can be pressed successfully, pro and presses smoothly. Make sure that Clip the corners of the fabric to make it Avided a few simple rules are fol nothing overlaps or touches or it may be lie flat, and glue the edges to the board. lowed. You should gather your material spoiled. I suggest using protruding tabs Applying the petals to the background mid-day when plants contain the least with the name of the plant contained in can be a little tricky. You must use water moisture. Pressing anything that is moist each group written on it so that you can soluble, clear-drying white glue such as would result in a useless, mildewed prod see what you have later on without dis Elmer's. Use the glue sparingly and dilute tlct. Choose your material so that you have turbing the pressing process. It takes from it with water to make it less likely to show a variety of shapes, colors and textures, six to eight weeks for the pressing to be through delicate petals. A dab on one end keeping in mind that your designs should complete. Some types of plant material such of each petal is all that is needed, especially follow the same principles as three-dimen as thin petals are dry and ready for dec if you are making a picture, which will sional flower arrangements regarding var orative use before others such as thick leaves have glass over it to hold everything in iation and contrast. or woody stems, but they will not be harmed place. Try as many different kinds of flowers by leaving them in the press until the others When your design is completed and ready and plants as you like, and with experience are completely done. You won't be dis for display, be sure to hang it in a place you will learn which ones are best suited turbing the ones that take longer this way. where it will not be exposed to direct sun to your purpose. You can even plan your Do the pressing in a warm, dry place so light, which causes fading. flower garden to include your favorite that moisture absorption into the material It might be fun to try your hand at mak "pressers." Yellow, orange and some blue is avoided. You may become very curious ing greeting cards and notes with pressed flowers have good color retention, while to see the results of the pressing, but it is flower designs. Since the plant material is most red and pink flowers have a tendency best to leave your material undisturbed for fragile, a good way to protect it from beg to turn cream-colored or brown. White the full six- to eight-week period. ing damaged in the mail is by covering the petals and silver foliage such as that of When the pressing is complete, you will design with thin, plastic adhesive film. This dusty miller retain their light color and are be ready to start designing. I find it easiest film can be obtained in most hardware or especially attractive against a dark back to layout the design completely on a piece home improvement stores. It comes on a ground. of the background I have chosen before roll with paper backing. Cut a piece slightly It is best to start pressing as soon as actually attaching any of it. It is important larger than the area you wish to cover and possible after gathering your material so to realize how fragile the pressed material turn under the edge. Be sure to press it that the plants don't have a chance to wilt. is. The plants will be quite brittle and light down firmly to eliminate air bubbles. A However, you may want to let woody stems weight and should be handled carefully. A little practice may be needed before you such as those of clematis wilt somewhat camel hair brush and a pair of tweezers get the knack of peeling the paper backing before pressing them so they are easier to are handy as a means of moving the ma off while pressing down the plastic, so try manipulate into flowing, graceful lines. terial about during the designing process. it first on something you won't mind wrin The actual pressing of your plant ma Be sure you work in a room which is free kling a bit. You can purchase blank cards terial is a very simple process. You will of drafts and insist on being undisturbed in gift shops or stationery stores or use any need only a few supplies: blotting paper, while you layout your design. sturdy paper such as the type sold in art a thick book such as an old telephone book You may have a hard time deciding how supply stores for ink and watercolor. or catalog and something fairly heavy such to use all the material you have pressed if Bookmarks and placemats can be han as a brick to provide weight. A good source your first attempt at pressing is as enthu dled in much the same way. The backing of blotting paper is newspaper that has siastic as mine was. But from experience can be of any material that is stiff. Yarn been creased to form a folder. You may I suggest you start simply and try to avoid and ribbon can be added to the design for wish to use toilet tissue to line the pages overcrowding. You may want to try a smail, interest. Use the plastic film generously; of your book, but avoid using the em simple, eight- by ten-inch, one-flower her don't worry about any overlap as it can bossed type since the raised pattern will bal print as a beginning project. If you easily be trimmed. tend to mar the smoothness of petals. Pa choose to do something on a larger scale Although these items lack the perma per with a matte finish, however, is essen later on, remember to use line to direct the nence of pressed flower designs under glass, tial to success. Avoid using glossy paper eye through the design. This is important friends and relatives will enjoy receiving because it doesn't provide the needed as it lends interest to a flat, two-dimen them as gifts simply because they are cre absorbency. sional design. Observe the basic rules of ative and unique. Separate flowers into individual petals balance by placing large, dark forms in the Pressed flower designing can be very re if possible, since large clumps and flower lower portion of the design and small, light warding as a hobby and a great way to centers will not press successfully . You can colored ones toward the top. survive the dull days of winter. It might always reconstruct a flower after it has Matte board is a good background to also become quite profitable for you, since been pressed or create fanciful new vari use. It comes in a variety of colors and is many people would pay a generous price eties of your own by combining parts of rigid enough that no additional backing is for an original, handmade pressed flower different flowers. Don't overlook the seeds necessary. Most fabrics can be used for design. These creations also make beau contained in the centers of such flowers as backgrounds too but must be backed by tiful, personalized gifts that will be cher marigolds. They can be used to create very a sturdy piece of cardboard. Cut the card ished for years. Why not begin now? Sum interesting lines. Leaves can also be cut board with a razor knife using the glass mer blooms are at their peak. 0 into imaginative shapes for use in abstract for the picture as a guide. Cut the fabric Janet C. Thierfelder is an avid gardener who designs. so that it overlaps the cardboard by an is a recent graduate of Temple University's Close the plant material carefully into inch or so, and turn it under, making sure School of Horticulture.

American Horticulturist 31 SEASONABLE REMINDERS

SIDEWALK WEEDS

lants are ad lawn weeds. Goose mired by gar grass (Eleusine in Pdeners and dica) is from India, as horticulturists for their the scientific name striking appearance, implies, but it has their succulent fruits, made itself at home in their intoxicating per North American fumes or their exotic farmyards, roadsides associations. To enjoy ... and sidewalks. these qualities, plant Stinkgrass (Eragrostis lovers are willing to cilianensis) can be pamper, protect, train, found in meadows, prune, stake, nurture wastelands and sandy and pray. Plants of soils, and although it special horticultural was not observed in interest can be com the sections where we pared to the Bachs and collected data, it was Bernhardts of our so observed in other ciety, but what about sidewalks. Stinkgrass, the Daniel Boones or so named because of John Waynes of the .., the unpleasant odor plant kingdom? Plants released when rub that endure, persist bing or breaking the and show "true grit" stems, has flowers that are regarded as appear from June to "pests." They are a September and turn major cause of gar whitish with age. dener anxiety. On Other members of your next neighbor the grass family strug hood stroll or morn gling up through the ing jog admire some sidewalks include hardy plant pioneers foxtail grass (Setaria that tolerate extreme sp.), which may be ly harsh conditions normally over a foot sidewalk weeds. tall in open areas but There is a handful is usually dwarfed to of weedy species that a height of a few inches not only tolerate but in sidewalk cracks, also thrive in the rig and fall panicum orous growing con (Panicum dichotomi ditions of a sidewalk f!orum), a coarse grass crack. Ironically, some with a fine textured, cannot compete successfully with other then sought out weedy sections of side panicled inflorescence. plants in more amiable growing condi walks in various residential areas for ob Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare), the tions, yet they are tough enough to survive servation. After noticing the frequency, area second most frequently encountered side and even prosper in heavily trafficked areas and location of each weed, we collected walk weed, is so named because of its under the high surface heat characteristic samples for positive identification (see swollen nodes-a useful identification of .pavements. The growth habits of lawn Table). characteristic. In sidewalks, mats spread and garden weeds that inhabit sidewalk Three annual grasses that frequently in up to 19 inches in diameter, leaves are less cracks are generally modified to low habit sidewalk cracks are crabgrass, than one inch long, and flowers, which spreading forms, and the plants may be so goosegrass and stinkgrass. We found the appear in leafaxils at the end of summer, dwarfed that identification is difficult. most ubiquitous to be crabgrass (Digitaria are greenish pink. It is nicely described by We first noticed sidewalk weeds on walks sp.), which, due to its ability to crowd out Ada E. Georgia (1914, Manual of Weeds, through the Purdue University campus and bluegrass, is regarded as one of the worst Macmillan) as: "A social, almost domes-

32 August 1982 ticated weed, seeming to thrive best where the daisy family (Compositae) that can grow most trampled and abused, growing in thick between the cracks of granite blocks on mats along hard beaten farmyard paths, walls of cathedrals and houses in Brittany. and intruding persistently in lawns and In late summer it softens the gray walls garden borders; it often fringes the stone with dainty, pinkish-white flowers. The flags of city sidewalks." famous western wall of the Temple in Other sidewalk weeds include purslane Jerusalem (sometimes referred to as the (Portulaca oleracea), a flat growing suc "wailing wall") is also adorned with spe Enjoy rsoia ..._ ~ Il' benefits culent with small, thick leaves; yellow wood cies that tolerate limited water and nutrients. sorrel and an occasional clover (Trifolium Wherever found, weeds occupy unique with a Janco Greenhouse. sp.). Wood sorrel, or Oxalis, can be dif niches and play important ecologi~al roles. All Janco models now available with your ferentiated from clover by distinct, heart As pioneers, weeds are the first to inhabit choice of regular or factory-sealed in shaped leaves and lack of serration on the poor, worn out and abused soil. As they sulated glass. leaf margins. Plantain (Plantago sp.), gen grow and die, these species provide a means Add solar warmth to your home and in erally regarded as a perennial lawn weed, by which organic matter and other nu crease your living area with a Janco lean is also occasionally encountered as a side trients can be incorporated into the upper to, or make a Janco free -standing walk weed. We observed one dwarfed layers of the soil. Soil aeration and struc greenhouse the pleasure center of your lawn. Your Janco agent can help you lambsquarter (Chenopodium album) in a ture are restored gradually through gen choose the best model for your site, and crack. Lambsquarter's young foliage can erations of habitation by weedy species, advise you on the advantages of heat be eaten as a salad ingredient. which allows other, less robust species to retentive insulated glass. Every Janco is Creeping or prostrate spurge (Euphor become established. Weeds thus are vital all-aluminum for minimum maintenance. bia supina), yet another weed associated to the evolution of productive soil. Think Janco when you think "greenhouse." Send $2.00 for with compacted pathways and sidewalks, Like the pioneers who took root in the 48-pg. full-color catalog today! resembles knotweed in its growth habit rough and rugged wilderness but withered Allow 4 weeks for literature to arrive. and appearance but has slightly larger in villages and towns, many weedy species Janco Greenhouses leaves. It is distinguished from knotweed can establish and even thrive in harsh Dept. AHa since it bleeds sticky white sap when stems growing conditions, yet they cannot com 9390 Davis Avenue are broken as do most members of the pete in densely populated pastures, mead Laurel, MD 20707 (301) 498-5700 Euphorbiaceae. Although not found in our ows and lawns. Perhaps an awareness of

survey of sidewalk cracks, it was com the adaptation of weeds to their environ '" TM monly observed at the edges of walks or ment and struggles can give us insights into on compacted footpaths of Purdue lawns. our own situation.8 -Claire Sawyers Of course, the species you encounter will Dr. Jules Janick vary according to the area in which you look; its climate, soil and traffic patterns Dr. Jules Janick is a Professor of Horticulture are just a few of the variables that will at Purdue University, and Claire Sawyers is a fellow in the Longwood Gardens Program in affect your findings. 1. PUSH Weed ,tik INTO WEED ROOT Ornamental Horticulture. She is also a free 2. RETRACT Weed,tik AND WEED Examples of persevering weeds outside lance writer whose work has appeared in of the United States include a species in 3. ROTATE Weed'tik ALLOWING Horticulture. WEED TO FALL OUT STAND WHILE YOU WEED, REACH AND WEED IN AREAS YOU CAN'T STEP Frequency and spread of 147 weeds observed in three stretches of 'I (VEGETABLE GARDENS, ;, FLOW ER BEDS, BE TW EEN pavement totalling about 500 square feet in West Lafayette, Indiana. , I'r \'/l i ",II : , ' SHRUBS,ON HILLSIDE ,,' " , " " ,', ' , 1/ ." ,'I LANDSCAPES OVER ': ,'.~ :: ., l ~ , ": : "i:~\;· OBS~<;.!:;.ES AND MUCH MORE) HANDS DO NOT TOUCH WEEDS OR UNW ANTED Average area VEGETATION, THIS IS IDEAL FOR PEOPLE WITH Frequency per weed SENSITIVE SKIN AND ALLERGIES Common name Scientific name (% of total) (square inches) GROOM AND RID YOUR LAWN, GARDEN AND F'E~~~~NB~gt~Fd~~k;~tg~HEls~l 99 Crabgrass (large) Digitaria sanguinalis 46.3 34.4 A PRACTICAL GIFT 29 POSTAGE PAlD ~ ELOEO STeEL CONSTRUCTION Manufacl ll:el'S Warranty Knotweed Polygonum aviculare 29.3 29.3 COMPLETELY ASSEMBLED READY l O USE Fescue Festuca sp. 6.1 30.7 ------FILL IN COUPON AND MAIL TODAY ______I INTRODUCTORY OFFER · $Z9.99 POSTAGE PAlD I Fall panicum Panicum dichotomiflorum 4.1 99.8 Plantain Plantago sp. 4.1 14.5 I ~~~:~~SWeedstikTM I Foxtails Setaria sp. 3.4 22.0 I P. O. Box 543 Woburn, Ma, 01801 I Clover Trifolium sp. 2.7 6.8 I a h MY CHECK OR MONEY ORD ER IS ENCLOSED I Goosegrass Eleusine indica 2.0 23.7 I NAME I Yellow wood sorrel Oxalis europaea 1.4 1.0 IADDRESSI ______i Lambsquarter Chenopodium album .7 28 .0 I CITY ______...

• STATE ZIP • --- IIIIIII!IIII --- -=-"'=--=-=-=,. American Horticulturist 33 GOLDENROD CONT'D from page 15

proposed site. Knowing the degree of soil in your garden, depending upon your White or silverrod goldenrod, S. bicolor. moisture, soil type and shade, it is possible growing conditions. The only white species of goldenrod, the to select species that will thrive with little small, whitish flower heads are arranged maintenance. Be aware of a goldenrod's MOIST COND~TIONS in long clusters on erect, unbranched plants growth habits, and select a species that will Lance-leaved or grass-leaved goldenrod, S. one to three feet tall. From July to October, self-sow or spread without becoming a graminifolia. From late July through Sep this plant blossoms in dry, open woods rampant pest. Planted with New England tember or October, the flat clusters of small with acid soil. Propagated from seeds or asters (Aster novae-angliae), goldenrod is flower heads appear on bushy, branching division in the spring, this is a particularly a lovely foil to the aster's varied purple or plants with long, slender leaves. Abundant desireable plant for any garden setting. Be blue blooms. along thickets and roadsides in full sun, cause it is often a biennial and moves A number of desirable goldenrods can the plants average three to four feet tall. around, an attractive stand can be a some be grown from seed, but others, such as Although lance-leaved goldenrod will thrive times thing. seaside goldenrod (S. sempervirens), can in dry, open soil, it seems to prefer moist, be grown from cuttings or small plants mildly acid soil. Naturalized with Joe-pye WOODLAND gathered in the wild. The practice of col weed and species of wild asters, it is a Blue-stemmed goldenrod, S. caesia. In Sep lecting plants from the wild is not some handsome addition to a wild garden with tember, the one- to three-foot, purple-tinted thing to be encouraged, yet the propaga fertile to average soil. stems of this plant are dotted with golden tion of wild plant species is the trend for Divide the mass of white roots when the yellow flowers in axillary clusters. Found the future, so there are instances where plants are dormant, in spring or fall, and in rich, open woodland, this graceful plant collecting can be condoned. The most ob space roughly two feet apart with the eye can be propagated by seed or division in vious instance is when construction threat at soil level. Since the slender rhizomes spring. A useful plant for the woodland ens a plant's habitat and it would inevi have a tendency to wander, with new garden or wild setting, S. caesia prefers tably die. Roads, golf courses, swamp growth shooting out at intervals along the shade. drainage and any number of other civiliz roots, this species is an unlikely candidate Stout goldenrod, S. squarrosa. From ing endeavors can provide the perfect op for the perennial border. It self-sows spar August through September this is one of portunity for collecting species, once per ingly and can be propagated by seed in the showiest of woodland goldenrods, with missjon is granted. spring. narrow clusters of yellow blooms on plants When planning to divide plants in the ranging from one to five feet tall. Found wild, the optimum time to locate the spe POOR OR SANDY SOIL in clearings and rocky woodlands, it can cies you want is, naturally, when the plants Hard-leaved or praire goldenrod, S. rigida. be propagated by seed or spring division. are in bloom. But even after the blooms Large, flat-topped blooms appear from have faded, it is possible to locate your August to October frosts on plants one to SEASIDE CONDITIONS subject with the aid of a plant guide. Once five feet tall. With a preference for dry Seaside goldenrod, S. sempervirens. From you've located your quarry, mark the name thickets, rocky pastures, poor meadows July until frost, along marshes and in sandy on a waterproof tag and tie this tag to the and sandy soil in full sun, these plants can soil mostly along the coast, this goldenrod plant. After the tops have died down and be divided when dormant in the fall or grows two to five feet tall with deep-yellow the plant assumes dormancy, it can then spring. Once the fibrous root stalks are cut flowers in large, flattened panicles. The be most safely transplanted. Should the back, spread the roots on the soil and bury slim, fleshy leaves are oblong and a pleas ground freeze or the season look too short the crowns at soil level. Spaced two or ing blue-green. This is an extremely val for proper root growth before winter sets more feet apart, these plants will form large uable species for any sunny garden, wild in, divide in the spring before the dor clumps that can be divided every third year. or cultivated. A long-lived plant with roots mancy is broken. Gray or old field goldenrod, S. nemor that don't spread, it can be propagated Although the distribution of goldenrod alisoFrom July through October and some from seed (or small collected plants). species will certainly vary in quantity from times into November, the slender, almost one area to the next, there are some cases one-sided plumes of lemon- or primrose GENERAL CONDITIONS in which sheer numbers can permit limited yellow appear on one-half to two-foot-tall Canada goldenrod, S. canadensis. Along collecting. If this situation exists, collect plants with soft, blue-gray or gray foliage. roadsides, dry, open fields, damp mead the most common species with great <::are Found in dry fields and open woods, this ows and thickets, from July through Sep for the plants and their environment. If is a common biennial that readily self-sows tember, feathery, rich-yellow blooms ap plants can be divided, leave part of the and is easily grown from seed. pear on one- to four-foot plants. This is original plant in the ground. Another bit Sweet goldenrod, S. odora. The smaU an adaptable, showy plant that can be di of collecting advice is, of course, to scatter clusters of deep-gold or yellow flowers ap vided in the spring or fall. Plant the strong, your collecting efforts across an extended pear from July through September on slen outer rhizomes about two feet apart and area so the impact is less felt. der, wandlike stems two to four feet tall. about one inch deep. Divide and transplant The need for these precautions may seem Found mainly near the coast in dry sand the clumps every third year for an even unlikely, but one need only be reminded or sterile soil and dry open woods, the more spectacular show. It will self-sow in of the plight of the passenger pigeon and plant does not spread as rampantly as some open areas. 0 our American buffalo to be convinced that species. Usually the scent of its crushed care is warranted. leaves resembles anise, a characteristic Margaret Hensel is a landscape designer and Try one or more of the following plants which makes identification simpler. garden writer living in Massachusetts.

34 August 1982 HIDCOTE CONT'D from page 27 Carry 10times a wheelbarrow load in one easy trip! moyesii, with its single, deep-red flowers the Rock Terrace, full of prostrate and The Garden WafCart's huge capacity and perfect and scarlet, bottle-shaped hips in late creeping artemisias, acaenas and helian balance lets you complete tough, heavy chores ... summer. them urns, and for height, Carpenteria cal faster and easier than ever! Wheel-away giant loads - topsoil, mulch, shrubbery, patio or stonewall Color in the spring is provided by tulips, ifornica, commonly called tree anemone, materials, anything - without tipping, without strain. daffodils, Fritillaria imperialis, double red and the beautiful, pineapple-scented broom, It's the best outdoor tool you'll ever use ... bar none l wallflowers and the red-flowered form of Cytisus battandieri. Find out for yourself. Write today for Free Literature on ... the ornamental rhubarb. Crossing the Long Walk the visitor comes THE INC to a cozy, sheltered garden known as Mrs. Garden Winthrop's Garden. It must have been a Johnston took full pleasant spot for her to sit on sunny days, advantage of England's with its view of the stream and primula temperate climate-fairly garden and Westonbirt woodland garden beyond. Here yellow flowers are promi high rainfall and little nent, including the lovely but unpro snow-and made a garden nounceable Paeonia mlokosewitschii. Cordyline australis 'Purpurea' grows in tubs that is worth seeing during in this garden in the summer. any season. Nearer the house are two small gardens, almost garden rooms. One is the Fuchsia Later come the flowers of herbaceous Garden, where little box-edged beds house I Yes. perennials, among them Verbena 'Law hardy fuchsias such as 'Tom Thumb', 'Lady I Name ______rence Johnston' and the darker V. 'Hunts Thumb' and Fuchsia megellanica 'Varie I Address ------man', Potentilla 'Gibson's Scarlet' and gata'. This garden is surrounded by a tap I City ______Geum 'Mrs. Bradshaw'. Mingled with these estry hedge of yew, copper beech and hol are bedding dahlias of varying shades of lies. Connected to this by brick steps is the I State Zip ______red-'Bloodstone', 'Bishop of Llandaff', Bathing Pool Garden, which contains a I ~Garden Way Carts 01 I v Charlotte, VT 05445 Dept A 1963C .J 'Grenadier' and 'Brigadier'. raised, circular, stone-edged pool with a L At the top of the steps leading to the fountain and a statue of a boy in the mid ------Stilt Garden are two gazebos, one on each dle. From here the visitor leaves the col side of the path. If the visitor looks through lection of gardens that make up the formal the left gazebo, he will face the Long Walk, and semi-formal garden and plunges into ~t~4b~Q a wide grass path flanked on both sides the controlled wilderness of the stream ~~ Great Item ~ by massive hornbeam hedges. The Long garden and Westonbirt. Walk epitomizes Lawrence Johnston's ca The name Westonbirt derives from the for Men & Women pacity for conceiving interesting ideas and name of a famous arboretum in south ONE SIZE FITS ALL his courage in carrying out those ideas. It Gloucestershire. is a woodland garden, Constructed of What makes the Long Walk so effective is especially picturesque in spring when Pru 10 oz. 100% that it slopes gently upwards for more than nus speciosa is covered in creamy-white quality cotton a hundred yards, to a pair of gates at the clouds of flowers, and in autumn, when Denim. Navy garden's boundary, so that the visitor must the brooding, furry tree hydrangeas, H. or Light Blue. walk all the way to see the view beyond. aspera subspecies, come to the fore, and Another most imaginative idea of John S~rbus hupehensis and S. vilmorinii bear ston's is the Stilt Garden itself, which stands their white and pink berries. An apron just beyond the gazebos. It is unique in Down by the stream in September flow that allows you to carry Britain and consists of two lines of clipped ers the intriguing Kirengeshoma palmata. with you hornbeam trees with bare stems on each Intriguing because it is the only plant I numerous gardening side of the path. The effect is of two long, know with a Japanese, not a Latin, name. accessories rectangular green boxes on legs. Ki means yellow and rengeshoma is its & supplies. If the visitor turns to the left and returns native name. Yellow lantern flowers nod toward the house, he will come across the on purple-black stems over palmate leaves. Send me ___ (Navy) __ (Lt. Blue) -- @ GARDEN APRON(s) ------$12.95ea ., two or more Pillar Garden, so called because of the trim Nearby Lysichiton americanum, more pic @ $12.00 ea. Postpaid pillars of English yew, for all the world turesquely known as skunk cabbage, flow Name ______looking like accusing fingers pointing ers in the late spring. Address ______heavenward. This garden is best in early In such a large and imaginatively de City ______--:;-:-- ______summer when the tree peonies, 'Madame signed garden not every idea can work. State Zip ______Louis Henry' and 'L'Esperance', are flow The placing of Corylus maxima 'Purpu o VISA 0 MC 0 Check ering and also the delicate, clear-blue Ge Card # ______Exp. Date ______rea', Cotinus coggygria 'Notcutt's Vari Signature ______ranium 'Johnston's Blue'. ety', and Prunus cerasifera 'Atropurpu Next to this garden is the nearest ap rea', for example, close together on the mC,(SALES P.O. BOX t5273 PORTLAND. OR 97215 proximation at Hidcote of a rock garden, steep bank of the stream, is perhaps a mis------DEALERS INVITED American Horticulturist 35 HIDCOTE CONT'D GRASSES CONT'D from page 18

take. Even different shades of purple can the steps leading from the left-hand gazebo dow can completely block out daylight by clash, and the whole strikes a discordant to the Long Walk, two lead watering cans, 1985. Consider final size with care. note. For those of us daunted by the seem r€lputed to have belonged to Marie An The only chore connected with the pe ing infallibility of Hidcote, the sight is a toinette, stand se.ntinel. On the steps to the rennial grasses is the annual pruning of the welcome one. "stage" on the Theatre lawn are two de larger types in early spring. Late March is One tree that Johnston loved, now widely lightful stone baskets of fruit. Great care a perfect time (here in lower New York planted in England, must owe its popu was taken also with brick paths and steps, State) to cut last year's growth to within larity in large part to the impression gar so that the garden would have a finished, six inches of the ground. The larger clump deners have had of the stand at Hidcote. refined look. forming grasses grow from the inside out This is Acer griseum, a maple that doesn't Lawrence Johnston's philosophy of gar and you may notice a dead area in the mind a chalky soil. The sight of the brown, dening was never formally articulated, and plant's center after a few years of growth. peeling bark and scarlet autumn leaves must no records of planting plans remain. How This is nothing to be upset about but merely have warmed the hearts of many visitors. €lV€lr, the observant visitor can make a guess a clue that the time to divide is at hand. Another maple planted here, this time as to what that philosophy was, for the If the grass roots are too entangled for as a single specimen showing off the garden is maintained faithfully in the John breaking apart with a spade or fork after rounded dome shape that it achieves when ston spirit. It would seem to consist of this: digging up th€l plant, then divide th€l dump planted singly, is Acer pseudoplatanus always grow the best and strongest form with an ax. These plants are not fragile, 'Brilliantissimum', with shell-pink leaves and discard inferior plants; grow plants and every spring one or more grasses in in the spring. Planted in some shade, the thickly so that weeds do not have a chance; our collection must be parted with the aid leaves do not scorch as they tend to do in keep a sharp eye out for good seedlings of a few hefty swings with a garden ax an open, sunny position. appearing in the garden; strive always to kept solely for that purpose. This past spring If the visitor follows the stream west achieve an integrated color scheme, for my fountain grass, Pennisetum alopecu ward across the Long Walk, he will come plants dotted about haphazardly for the roides, took three swings before it split in upon the Spring Garden planted with bulbs, simple reason that they are beautiful are two. Anemone blanda, hellebores and periwin but sounding brass; never be afraid to try Most of the grasses prefer a fertile, well kle. From here he can reach the Rock Bank, out new ideas, and discard them if they drained soil in full sun; a few die back in which faces west towards the Vale of prove unsatisfactory; a garden is not a the heat of summer only to start anew in Evesham, and is given over primarily to summer delicacy only, it is a solid joy and early fall. They are so noted in the follow groundcover shrubs such as Salix lanata lasting treasure for the whole year, so use ing descriptions. 'Stuartii', Cotoneaster adpressus and Ju bulbs, evergreens, including topiary, win Pampas grass, Cortaderia selloana, is the niperus chinensis 'Pfitzeriana'. ter-flowering shrubs and bedding plants, giant of ornamental grasses in the United If the visitor can still summon tmergy anything to add color and interest all States. The flowering plumes are really after such a bewilderment of sights and through the year; above all, give the garden fantastic and have often been used as props scents, he can retrace his steps and turn structure with hedges, walls, steps and in movies to decorate everything from north of the house to the Pine Garden and paths-within th€l framework the planting Cleopatra's barge to Jean Harlow's hotel Old Rose Walk. The center of the Pine can be as luxuriant and informal as you suite in those sophisticated movies of the Garden is a tall, stately Scots pine, around like; lastly, always give plants the best pos 30's. Although they are limited to New which is a border of plants that will tol sible growing conditions and they will re York City and south, the northern€lr still erate the dry conditions-yellow helian ward you for it. can enjoy this plant by digging it up in the themums, the yellow gazania, 'Sir Francis', fall and storing it in the basement OV€lr the white Arabis, perennial wallflowers and Hidcote Bartrim lies four miles north winter; never let the plant dry out com Hebe pinguifolia 'Pagei', which has small, east of Chipping Camp den and one mile pletely. Outside the plants need full sun white flowers peeping out of sturdy, gray east of the A46 and B4081. It is not easy and a reasonably fertile soil. foliage. to get to without a car. The garden is open Always try for the female plants as the Beyond is a walk of Old Roses, for John from April until the end of October daily flowers are much showier. The male flow ston had a passion for their sweet scent (except Tuesdays and Fridays) from 11 a.m. ers lack the covering of silky hairs that and fleeting, delicate flowers. Here are moss until 8 p.m. There is an admission fee. make the females glisten. Thompson & roses, Bourbons, damasks, the striped Rosa Next door is Kiftsgate Court, a garden Morgan now offer seed of new named forms mundi and Rugosa roses such as 'Frau famous for its, old-fashioned and species of pampas grass that have colors of pink, Dagmar Hastrup' and 'Blanc Double de roses, which is open from April until the silvery-white and yellows. Cou bert', with their strongly fragrant end of September on W€ldnesdays, Thurs Hakonechlora macra 'aureola' has no flowers and rough-textured leaves. The days, Sundays and Bank Holidays from 2 common name. It originally came from the roses are allowed to flop over the path and until 6 p.m. 4) mountains of Japan, and an argument still art: underplanted with sages, santolinas and goes 011 as to whether it's a grass or a spring-flowering pulmonarias. Ursula Buchan is a free lance writer who bamboo. It does well in a pot with ade One of the ~ost iIPpressive features of earned an honors degree from Cambridge quate drainage, in a rock garden or in the Hidcote is Johnston'~ attention to detail. University and received the Diploma of well-drained soil of a garden border. Three Horticulture from the Royal Botanic Gardens, different types of coloration are found de This is evident not just in the can~ taken Kew. Her work has been published in Pacific in the choice and positioning of plants, but Horticulture and The Garden, the journal of pending on the source. They are listed by also in his choice of garden ornaments. On the Royal Horticultural Society. the Royal Horticultural Society's Diction-

36 August 1982 FREE 1982 ary of Gardening as Hakonechloa macra northern winter. The individual leaves are 'Aureola', a warm yellow with green stripes; not striped but dashed with horizontal H. macra 'Albo-Aurea', a white and golden bands of a light golden-brown. Massive CATALOG! yellow variegation; H. macra 'Albo-Var clumps may be formed over the years with iegata', a green and white variegation. The a true look of a dappled fountain. This weeping stems never reach any higher than particular cultivar will survive in very damp a foot and, unfortunately for such a beau soil, making it an excellent choice for a tiful plant, growth is slow. In the trade poolside location. If any leaves sprout these plants are listed under a variety of without the colored bands, be sure to re cultivar names. move them so only the variegated forms have a chance to grow. Purple moor grass, Molinia caerulea 'Variegata', is a fine plant. The variegated form for gardens grows in a neat, compact mound that is useful both in the border or a large rock garden. It will accept some partial shade and a reasonable degree of dampness. The flower spikes are too small TULIPS, for bouquets, but on the plant they are a DAFFODILS, continuing source of interest. As the pan icles unfold, they, too, are variegated and _ INDOOR give the impression that the spikelets have , PLANTS, been banded with a brush of light-yellow GARDEN paint. Fountain grass, Pennisetum alopecu SUPPLIES roides, forms a literal fountain of leaves AND MORE! three to four feet in height. It is a form that shines whether set on a bank or as a specimen plant surrounded by lawn. The plant is spectacular in the morning when The new, the rare, the it sparkles with dew, and the flower spikes, unusual -- you'll find them like silver bottlebrushes, last well into the all, along with the proven fall. It should be divided every three or favorites for spring! Lagurus ovatus four years when the center of the plant Premium quality bulbs from Eulalia grass is represented by two spe begins to die down. Holland; perennials, house cies and many varieties cultivated in gar The feather grasses, Stipa species, are plants -- all beautifully illus dens throughout the world. Eulalia (Mis represented by more than 100 species with trated in color and clearly canthus sacchariflorus) grows very tall and long, narrow leaves and very long, single produces great plumes of silvery spikelets. flowered spikelets that twist and wave in described. Park's big new As the summer progresses, the bottom leaves the wind. A clump of Stipa pennata will AUTUMN CATALOG ... die back, and by tearing them off you re generally be ignored by any garden visitor is yours for the asking. Ask veal more of the handsome stems. These whether animal or human, but when the today! stems become very dark and hard with age long, bearded awns unfold against an au and exposure. After the growing season is tumn sky, the sight is beautiful indeed. If Ceo. W.~~ Seed Co. over, the stems can be removed from the grown from seed, the plant will not flower 477 Cokesbury Rd., Greenwood, S. C. 29647 garden as they will take a beautiful polish: until the second year. The seed lists of the in ancient Japan they were used to form various garden societies list many different many implements, such as brush handles variations of this grass, because it can make ------Send my copy of Park's I and kitchen utensils. Some years the grass its home either in the perennial border or Premium Quality Bulb Catalog I will not bloom above the latitudes of New the rock outcrop. I -- Autumn '82. I York City as it needs an honest 90 days These are but a few of the different I To: ------I to flower, but the plant itself survives every ornamental grasses available for gardens. winter. Care should be taken in placing Many more are just waiting to be I Street: I this grass as it can spread with ease and discovered. f) I I I City: ------I takes the strength of 10 men to completely remove it once it begins to grow. Peter Loewer is a botanical artist and I State: ____ Zip: ____ I Zebra grass, Miscanthus sinensis 'Ze scientific illustrator who writes and illustrates I I brinus', is a fine plant for a northern gar his own books. His latest book is Evergreens, I Ceo. W.~~ Seed Co. I A Guide for Landscape, Lawn and Garden. dener.It's difficult to believe that any plant He is also the author of Growing and I 477 Cokesbury Rd., Greenwood, S. C. 29647 I with such a tropical look could survive a Decorating with Grasses. .. ------~ American Horticulturist 37 HORTICULTURAL EXPLORATIONS PRONUNCIATION GlUDE

Guide to Botanical Names in This Issue Cotoneaster adpressus The accent, or emphasis, falls on the ko-TOE-nee-ass-ter ad-PRESS-us syllable that appears in capital letters. The Cuphea cyanea KEW-fee-ah sy-AN-ee-ah vowels that you see standing alone are C. hookerana c. hook-er-A-na pronounced as follows: C. hyssopifolia c. hiss-op-i-FO-lee-ah i-short sound; sounds like i in "hit" C. ignea c. IG-nee-ah o---long sound; sounds like 0 in "snow" C. llavea c. LA VE-ee-ah KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE a-long sound; sounds like a in 'hay". C. micropetala c. my-cro-PET-ah-la October 3-13 C. platycentra c. plat-ee-CEN-tra After the AH. S. Annual Congress in Abutilon megapotamicum C. proGUmbens c. pro-KUM-benz Cincinnati, drive with us into the ah-BEW-ti-lon meg-ah-po-TAME-i-kum C. X purpurea c. poor-poor-E-ah beautiful border states. This is an area A. vitifolium a. vit-i-FO-lee-um Cyclamen hederifolium rich in history - the Cumberland Gap Acer griseum A-ser GRI-see-um SYKE-la-meniSICK-la-men was the gateway of the pioneers. Ag A. japonicum a. ja-PON-i-kum head-er-i-FOL-ee-um riculture - plenty of burley tobacco A. palmatum a. pal-MA Y-tum Cytisus battandieri and com for bourbon Scenic beauty A. platanoides a. plat-ah-no-EYE-deez si-TEE-sus ba-TAN-dee-air-ee there is an abundance of mountains, A. pseudoplatanus a. sue-do-PLAT-ah-nus Davidia involucrata var. vilmoriniana forests, lakes and rivers. And hor Achillea ageratum day-VID-ee-ah in-vol-yew-KRA Y-ta vil ticulture - from the wildness of the a-KILL-ee-ah adge-er-A-tum more-in-i-A-na Smoky Mountains to the finest box A. filipendulina a. fill-i-pen-dew-LINE-ah Dianthus dy-AN-thuss wood gardens in the U. S. at Cheek A. millefolium a. mil-eh-FO-lee-um Digitaria di-ji-T AR-ee-ah wood in Nashville. We have the pleas A. ptarmica a. TAR-mi-ka Dimorphotheca di-mor-fo-THEK-ah ure of visiting one of the great horse A. tomentosa a. toe-men-TOE-sa Eleusine indica el-yew-SY-nee IN-di-ka farms, and of staying in a lovely re Aegopodium podagraria Eragrostis cilianensis stored Shaker Inn, served a unique ee-go-PO-dee-um po-do-GRAR-ee-ah air-ah-GROSS-tiss sil-i-ah-NEN-sis dinner with herbs from the original Anemone blanda an-em-O-nee BLAN-da Eupatorium yew-pa-TOR-ee-um 18th century garden Private garden Anthemis cupaniana Euphorbia sup ina visits are arranged in several cities. AN-them-is coo-pah-nee-A-na yew-FOR-bee-ah sue-PY-na Arabis AIR-ah-bis Felicia amelloides Artemisia ar-tem-EEZ-ee-ah fel-ISS-ee-ah ah-mell-o-EYE-deez Aster novae-angliae F. amoena f. ah-ME-na ASS-ter NOV-ee ANG-glee Fritillaria imperialis Berberis thunbergii frit-ill-A Y-ree-ah im-peer-ee-A YL-iss BER-ber-iss thun-BEAR-gee-eye Fuchsia magellanica var. macrostema Bergenia ciliata FEW-she-ah /FEW-sha madge-el-LAN -i -ka BER-gcm-ee-ah sil-ee-AH-ta mack-ro-STEM-ah Buxus microphylla var. koreana Geranium endressii BUCK-sus my-kro-FILL-ah kor-ee-A-na jer-A-nee-um en-DRESS-ee-eye AUTUMN IN THE ORIENT Carpenteria californica G. ibericum g. eye-BEAR-i-kum November 1-17 car-pen-TEAR-ee-ah kal-i-FORN-i-ka Geum GEE-urn Our unique Japan itinerary is singu Chaenomeles japonica Hakonechloa macra larly different than any others avail kee-NOM-el-eez ja-PON-i-ka ha-ko-nee-KLO-ah MACK-ra able and is planned for the sophis Chamaecyparis pisifera Hebe pinguifolia ticated, discriminating traveler with kam-ee-SIP-er-iss pi-SIFF-er-ah HEE-bee pin-gui-FO-lee-ah an accent on horticultural interest Chenopodium album Helichrysum petiolatum within a diversified program. The kay-no-POE-dee-um AL-bum hell-i-CRY-sum pet-ee-o-LA Y-tum autumn months are climatically the Chrysanthemum frutescens Helleborus foetidus finest period of the year here. We see kris-AN-thee-mum fru-TESS-enz hell-eh-BORE-us FE-tid-us magnificent displays of chrysanthe C. parthenium c. par-THIN-ee-um Hemerocallis fulva mums, the national flower, and the Clematis montana hem-er-o-KAL-isslhem -er-OCK -a-liss colorful foliage of maple and other CLEM-ah-tis/clem-AT-iss mon-T AN-ah FUL-va deciduous trees. We are given the Convolvulus cneorum Hydrangea aspera rare privilege of visiting select Japan con-VOL-vew-lus nee-O-rum hy-DRAN-gee-ah AS-per-ah ese private homes and gardens, the Cordyline australis H. integerrima h. in-teg-er-EEM-ah highlight of the trip. An optional ex cor-dee-L Y-nee os-TRAIL-iss Hypericum hy-PEAR-i-kum tension is available to Taiwan and Cortaderia selloana Jasminum polyanthum Hong Kong. cor-ta-DARE-ee-ah sell-o-A-na jazz-MY-num pol-ee-AN-thum Please send for your free brochure. Corylus maxima COR-ee-lus MAX-i-ma Juniperus chinensis Write to Mrs. Dorothy Sowerby, Corynabutilon vitifolium jew-NIP-er-us ky-NEN-sis American Horticultural Society, cor-in-a-BEW-ti-lon vi-ti-FOL-ee-um Kirengeshoma palmata Ml Vernon, Va. 22121. Cotinus coggygria ko-TY-nus ko-JY-gree-ah kir-eng-ah-SHOW-ma pall-MA Y-ta

38 August 1982 Lagerstroemia indica Oxalis ox-AL-iss Schizophragma integrifolium la-ger-STROME-ee-ah IN-di-ka Paeonia mlokosewitschii skiz-o-FRAG-ma in-teg-ri-FO-Iee-um L. speciosa l. spee-see-O-sa pee-OWN-ee-ah mlok-o-se-W ITZ-kee-eye Setaria italica Lagurus ovatus la-CUR-us o-VAY'-tus Panicum dichotomiflorum se-TEAR-ee-ah i-TAL-ka Lawsonia inermis LA W-son-ee-ah in-ER-mis PAN-i-kum dy-ko-to-mi-FLOR-um Solanum crispum so-LAN-um KRISP-um Lonicera tragophylla Pelargonium pell-ar-GO-nee-um So lidago bicolor sol-i-DAY-go BY-col-or lo-NISS-er-ah trag-o-FILL-ah Pennisetum alopecuroides S. caesia s. SEEZ-ee-ah Lysichiton americanum pen-iss-SEE-tum al-o-pe-cure-o-EYE-deez S. canadensis s. can-ah-DEN-sis ly-si-KY-ton ah-mer-i-CA Y-num Plantago plan-TAY-go S. graminifolia s. gra-min-i-FO-Iee-ah Lythrum alatum LITH-rum aI-A-tum Polygonum aviculare S. nemoralis s. neem-o-RA Y-liss L. flexuosum l. flex-you-O-sum po-LIG-o-num ah-vick-you-LAIR-ee S. odora s. o-DOOR-ah L. salicaria l. sal-i-CARE-ee-ah Portulaca oleracea S. puberula s. pew-BEAR-yew-Ia L. virgatum I vir-GA Y-tum por-tew-LACK-ah o-ler-A-see-ah S. rigida s. RIDGE-i-da Magnolia delavayi Potentilla vilmoriniana S. sempervirens s. sem-per-VEER-enz mag-NOL-ya del-a-VA Y-eye po-ten-TILL-ah vil-more-in-i-A-na S. squarrosa s. squar-ROS-ah Mahonia lomariifolia Prunus cerasifera S~rbus hupehensis ma-HONE-ee-ah low-mare-ee-eye-FO-Iee-ah PRUNE-us ser-ah-SIFF-er-ah 'SOR-buss hew-pee-HEN-sis Mazus MA Y -zus P. speciosa p. spee-see-O-sa S. vilmorinii s. vi l-more-IN-ee-eye Meconopsis dhwojii mek-i-NOP-sis DWO-ji P. spinosa p. spin-OSS-ah Stipa pennata STY-pa pen-NAY-ta M. grandis m. GRAND-iss Rosa brunonii RO-za BREW-non-ee-eye Syringa x chinensis M. X sheldonii m. SHELL-don-ee-eye Rosa foetida RO-za FE-tid-ah sa-RING-ga chi-NEN-sis Miscanthus sacchariflorus R. moyesii r. MOYES-ee-eye Thuja occidentalis mis-CAN-thus sack-car-i-FLOR-us R. mundi r. MOON-dee THOO-ja ock-si-den-T A Y-liss M. sinensis m. sy-NEN-sis R. rubrifolia r. rew-bri-FO-Iee-ah Trifolium try-FO-Iee-um Molinia caerulea Roscoea cautleoides Verbena ver-BEE-na mo-LIN-ee-ah see-REW-Iee-ah ROSS-co-ee-ah cawt-Iee-o-EYE-deez Viburnum X burkwoodii Muhlenbergia schreberi Salix lanata SAY-licks la-NAY-ta vy-BUR-num BURK-wood-ee-eye mew-Ien-BER-gee-ah SHREB-er-eye S. tristis s. TRISS-tiss V. macrocephalum v. mack-ro-SEFF-ah-Ium Omphalodes verna om-fa-LOW-deez VER- na Salvia guaranitica Viola cornuta Orchis maderensis OR-kiss mad-er-EN-sis SAL-vee-ah gar-an-i-TICK-ah vy-O-Ia/vee-O-Ia kor-NEW-ta

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American Horticulturist 39 SEASONABLE REMINDERS

AsSESSING LAWN PRoBLEMS

awn blemishes range from ephem eral and self-correcting to symp Ltomatic of basic problems for which corrective help is needed. How does one judge these things? Well, it's no "piece of cake" even for the highly trained. Indeed, should a lawn service specialist come to you confidently offering diagnosis, be a bit suspicious. A particular "disease" is often merely the coup de grace for lawngrass stressed by envi ronmental factors or imbalances. Lawn pathologists are more and more coming to feel that many, if not most, of the diseases so bandied about are not the result of a pathogen alone but the interplay of many influences. During extra-curricular sym The Japanese beetle, below, is a familiar insect pest damaging grass. The grass's water supply is posia on lawn disease during the Fourth cut off, above, when the beetles eat the roots. Attacked turf can usually be saved if kept from International Turfgrass Conference in drying out. It will reroot as autumn progresses. Guelph, Ontario, in 1981, it was specu mower, pathways and play areas suffering Not that I am advocating such a polyglot lated that the pathogen for which a disease repeated usage, inadvertent gouging and assortment over a monoculture; but it does has been named (such as "fusarium") might scuffing of any well-used yard, animal dig point up that a lawn may seem to be de not even be involved in a particular out gings, and so on. In most of these instances, teriorating if one season is compared with break. In the case of Fusarium, certainly a bit of sleuthing points up the culprit. The a subsequent one, even though nothing more there are as many "good" species and strains cure is obvious: restrain further incursion than seasonal progression is involved. as "bad" ones, accomplishing such useful (as by blocking shortcuts with good land things as decomposition of thatch and scaping and providing walk-ways)} then WEEDS ARE EASY maintenance of fungal balances. Micro scratch some good seed and fertilizer into Because a weed looks different from a organisms are constantly interacting within the bare area or resod. lawngrass (if it didn't you wouldn't care, the lawn microcosm, following ecological An influence that's not always appre and it wouldn't be a weed), it's a bother bents still not intelligible to us. But enough ciated is seasonal succession within the lawn easily spotted and identified. Broadleaf for the moment about pathology. community. Not everyone can achieve, nor weeds (dicotyledons) are generally distin Really, when one tries to decide what is wants, a perfect monoculture. As is char guishable from grasses because the leaves upsetting a lawn, analysis generally be acteristic of native prairies, grasses show are oval (at least not grass-like), with net comes a matter of elimination. Obvious up early in spring in most lawns, almost like rather than parallel venation. Almost causes, such as physical damage from traffic, to the exclusion of other vegetation. They all dicotyledons succumb selectively to are not so hard to assess even though their are followed as the season progresses with phenoxy herbicides, gradually twisting and subtle influences (such as lingering soil other species, much in the manner of sum withering at a rate of chemical suscepti compaction) may persist for years. Key mer forbs in the prairies. Bluegrass usually bility that does not bother grass. symptoms of physical injury are fairly fa usurps all space in spring but retreats a bit The phenoxy herbicides are based upon miliar. But when a stage of "dead," brown as its normal seeding season peters out; 2,4-D, but additives such as mecoprop and grass is reached, causes and cures are apt then some broadleaf weeds and annual dicamba broaden their usefulness, helping to be far less evident. People generally as grasses put in an appearance. At the Lawn control some species such as clover against sociate browned turf with dried-out grass. Institute much non-experimental turf is which 2,4-D is weak. One must be a bit More often than not, lack of water is not merely old pasture. Through the years it cautious with dicamba around ornamen the problem. Additional moisture may even has been weeded enough so that broadleaf tals, since over-zealous application on light intensify the difficulties in certain instances. plants no longer present much of a prob soil may lead to damaging pickup through lem. But various species are still repre the roots. All herbicides are thoroughly DIAGNOSTIC SEQUENCE sented. In autumn and early spring there Let's begin with some of the more easily seems to be little else than Kentucky blue diagnosed lawn afflictions. Physical scar grass. Some timothy becomes obvious later ring can be dismissed rather summarily. in spring, and in summer nimblewil, Muhl Familiar examples would be automobile enbergia schreberi, with perhaps some runs onto the grass, turf scalped by the bentgrass patches and so on in autumn.

40 August 1982 tested to receive label clearance and are in humid climates (i.e. most of the United quite safe if applied according to direc States east of a line from east Texas to tions. Phenoxies are biodegradable and eastern North Dakota). With careful se don't accumulate residues in the soil. In lection of grass and its management, it is deed, no cumulative build-up has been noted even possible to maintain turf without ir with any lawn herbicides during 17 years rigation in the high plains, although it will of consistent application to the same test be dormant seasonally. In the arid South plots by Dr. John Jagschitz at the Univer west some irrigation is essential, as it would sity of Rhode Island. be for conventional lawns wherever low Weedy grasses that stand out in the midst rainfall combines with high evapotran of today's elegant lawn cultivars are a bit spiration. harder to control. Annual grasses such as Drying out can turn a lawn brown with crabgrass, goosegrass, foxtail and barn any grass anywhere. Seldom, however, is yardgrass can usually be eliminated with lack of water so critical as it's generally the preemergence preventers now so widely believed. In most cases a lawn established recommended (oenefin, bensulide, DCP A, Sod webworms are another cause for lawn long enough to have rooted deeply will oxadiazon, siduron, etc.). They can also blemishes during summer. Webworms live in survive drought of reasonable proportions be restrained by good lawn culture-main silk-lined burrows deep in the sad and chew and revive again once the rains come. New, taining flourishing lawngrass mowed tall off grass culms at their base during the night. attractive, tall fescue cultivars, in the image enough to shade and overwhelm them. If placement of contaminated soil followed of the famed Kentucky-31 pasture variety they escape preventive treatment it is still by reseeding. In most instances the grass (which roots so deeply it withstands bor feasible to mop up most of them selectively revives from crowns and rhizomes, and der state summers well), are now becoming with post-emergence chemicals such as after a few weeks damage is no longer available for the "transition zone." Built MSMA (arsonates). Annual grass weeds evident. in toughness of lawngrasses is fortunate, are objectionable because of their abbre for most certainly water shortages and re viated season; discoloration after frost is THATCH AND WATER strictions seem on the rise. In any event, normal. Crabgrass and its ilk stand out as Another possible cause for debilitation can applying more water is not necessarily the blemishes in autumn, as do some peren be unduly heavy thatch. Thatch consists answer for a brown lawn; and unless nials such as nimblewill and southern of undecomposed leaf sheaths, surface roots watering is judicious it may invite further lawngrass sprouts in northern lawns (e.g. and other ligneous debris, as a layer just damage through waterlogging of the soil zoysia, bermuda). above the soil. Lawn clippings decay read (inviting anaerobiosis, hydrophilic weeds Unfortunately, it's not so easy to get rid ily and are seldom of consequence in the and soil rutting or compaction). of weedy perennial grasses. A remedy that build-up of thatch. Some siliceous grasses, kills the weed will likely also kill the lawn such as zoysia and to a certain extent the THE MORE OBSCURE SYMPTOMS grass, so it becomes necessary to either fine fescues, decompose slowly. Enough CAUSED BY PESTS "outgrow" the weed by encouraging the thatch can accumulate to create a barrier Often damage from insects or diseases looks lawngrass in every way possible, or to kill that prevents fertilizer, even rainfall, from very much like that resulting from drought. back all vegetation non-selectively with a uniformly reaching the rootzone. Even In fact, an insect could inflict "drought" chemical such as glyphosate and then bluegrass and perennial ryegrass thatch atop when soil grubs sever the root system of replant. compacted soil may encourage most of the lawngrasses causing irregular drying up in root system to grow into the thatch rather late summer. Here is one occasion where IF NOT WEAR, NOR WEEDS, WHAT than into the ground. Should hot, dry frequent watering may be worthwhile; with THEN? weather then strike, the turf may brown it the grass should reroot shortly and sur Having ruled out physical damage and quickly, even die out. vive. In most instances, a homeowner will weeds as cause for lawn blemishing, what Normally thatch is not a problem. It is want to finish off soil grubs with an in remaining mishaps might be likely? Was more apt to occur on intensively managed secticide. Grub-infested turf lifts readily the lawn recently fertilized, for example, lawns where grasses grow aggressively, like a carpet, since there are few anchoring and with a soluble fertilizer that could cause producing more foliage than can be re roots left. Fat, C-shaped larvae (of june burn? If so, the discoloration should be in cycled under prevailing conditions (decay bugs, various chafers and Japanese beetles, a characteristic pattern corresponding to is often slowed because microorganisms particularly) can be seen writhing in the the application. Or might spilled gasoline become restrained by pesticides, pH im loose ground beneath dying sod. If you are mark the turf, or salt or other materials balances, etc.). Earthworms are note quick with a sprinkling can of insecticide be inadvertently spilled? Dog urine is worthy thatch consumers, and ordinarily they should not be long for this world. chemically similar, and at certain seasons they should not be discouraged by New seed and a bit of fertilizer can then circular brown spots may show promi pesticides. be easily raked into the damaged spots, nently where female pets have squatted. In those rare instances where thatch be incidently providing a chance to upgrade Fortunately, soluble materials are quickly comes so tight that it sheds water, me the lawngrass population with some of the dissipated by rain or by flushing with the chanical thinning accompanied by irriga new cultivars. hose. More lasting influences, from oil or tion is an obvious answer. Lawngrasses are Sod webworm damage likewise shows a concentrated chemical, might require re- usually able to survive without watering up as irregular patches that might be con-

American Horticulturist 41 SEASONABLE REMINDERS CONT'D fused with drought or a disease such as plied according to label directions should Fortunately, although turfgrass diseases fusarium. The caterpillar resides deep in cut short an infestation. Insects are subject such as leafspot (Helminthosporium or the turf but can often be discovered by to predator-prey relationships. They re Drechslera) , dollarspot (Sclerotinia hom careful probing into severed grass foliage. produc€ so rapidly that they acquir€ im oeocarpa), and fusarium (Fusarium spp.) The worms retreat into silk-lined tunnels munity to c€rtain'insecticides quite quickly. are commonplace, lawns "live with" them far down in the sod when not active. So, insecticidal treatments are suggested rather well. As a matter of fact, by the tim€ Chinch bugs are another familiar hazard, only for serious outbreaks. One risk from a disease is noticed a change of weather damaging grass above-ground in open, insecticide us€ is possible eliminatiol'l of or seasonal progression has often termi sunny areas; the brown patches border ir predator species that could then release a nated its spread. Many diseases have rec regularly upon adjacent green grass that is population explosion of a reviving pest (or ognizable symptoms, for example the infested with the bugs. Chinch bugs are tiny one that has acquired immunity). pinkish tone of red thread on fescue and sucking insects not even a quarter-inch long. The openiNg paragraphs of this article ryegrass, the small blotches of dollarspot They are black and white, with red spot expressed some misgivings abolit lawn dis (which, however, can merge aNd devastate ting on the wingless nymphs. ease-more and more disease is thought large areas if abundant), the sooty foliage These are only a few of the insect pests to result from an accumulation of stresses. lines of stripe smut, even the semicircles invading lawns these days; billbugs, green The average homeowner would find it im of affect€d grass and occasiol'lal mush bugs, Ataenius beetles, hyperodes weevils, possible to use a fungicide very effectively, rooms of fairy ring. The most practical scales, mites and many others are often either to forestall or to cure turfgrass dis ddens€ against diseases is to plant lawn found, too. By and large, insect blighting ease. Fungicides need to be applied with cultivars selected for disease tolerance. Best shows up as irregular browned patches, precision beyond his capability becaus€ he results come from blending or mixing sev compared to a more definite pattern with lacks sophisticated equipment. And treat eral good cultivars together. n spilled chemical or disease. In most cases ment is needed more often than most -Dr. Robert Schery homeowners are willing to undertake the natural control prevails in time, and though Dr. Robert Schery is the Director of The the grass is temporarily unsightly, it usu· task (applications every week or two for Lawn Institute and is a nationally rewgnized ally revives. An approved insecticide ap- a protracted period). turf authority, lecturer and consultant.

-AHS Binders- Keep your issues of American Horticul turist all in one place for quick, handy ref erence. American Horticulturist is not Energy only filled with beau tiful pictllres, but also with helpful gar Efficient dening information which you will want to refer back to time Greenhouses and time again. • All Aluminum, Structurally Sound These attractive • Glass or Exolite® Glazing for Added "R" Value binders will hold 18 issues. That's three year's • Lean-To or Free Standing Designs in worth of gardening know-how. All Sizes Our magazine title is attractively embossed in • Complete Selection of Greenhouse gold on a rich, leather-like green spine. Easily Accessories applied gold numbers are included to help you For a FREE catalog, write to: add dates and volume numbers. "Eaglet" Greenhouses Three or more binders for $5.75 each or $6.25 for one binder postpaid. Send your check to Binders, The American Horticultural Society, Box 0105, Mount Vernon, Virginia 22121 and we will fill your order promptly. Dept. AH National Greenhouse Co., Box 100. Pana. IL 62557

42 August 1982 ayS)• e MORE INFORMATION ON: yardens NEW FALL Seed: ENGLISH GARDENS Applewood Seed Company, PO Box 10761, CATALOG Edgemont Station, Golden, CO 80401, catalogue free. Americans who appreciate the beauty of DeGiorgi Company, Inc., PO Box 413, British gardens and are interested in help Council Bluffs, IA 51502, catalogue ing to preserve them may want to join the $1.00. Royal Oak Foundation. Founded in 1965, Geo. W. Park Seed Company, Inc., PO Box the Royal Oak Foundation is the American 31, Greenwood, SC 29647, catalogue sister organization to the National Trust, free. which maintains Hidcote and many other Achillea and Solidago Seed: fine gardens, hundreds of historic houses Clyde Robin Seed Catalogue, PO Box 2855, and castles and many miles of coastline Castro Valley, CA 94546, catalogue free. and acres of woodland in Britain. For more Solidago and Prairie Grasses information, write the Membership Sec Prairie Seed Source, PO Box 83, North Accurate information ... retary, The Royal Oak Foundation, Inc., Lake, WI 53064, catalogue 50¢- Seed. 41 East 72nd Street, New York, NY 1002l. meticulous Windrift Prairie Shop, R.D. 2, Oregon, IL The Royal Oak Foundation is recog selection and quality 61061, send business-size, self ad nized by the I.R.S. as a public charity with dressed, stamped envelope for list-Plants This big, book-style 76 tax-exempt status. and Seed. page catalog, is your Achillea Plants: ~ single most reliable ACHILLEA, SOLIDAGO AND Daystar (formerly The Rock Garden), source for superior garden ORNAMENTAL GRASSES Litchfield-Hallowell Road, R.F.D. 2, plants ... hundreds oftreasures Litchfield, ME 04350, catalogue $1.00. for your garden, many of them Achillea, Solidago and the ornamental obtainable only from Wayside. grasses (which can sometimes be difficult SUMMER AND FALL FLOWERS TO All illustrated in faithful full to locate in catalogues because they may PRESS color. Spring flowering bulbs, be listed under grasses, ornamental grasses hardy perennials for sun and or separately by their individual species Experiment with pressing some of the shade, shrubs, climbers . . . names) are available from the following flowers that will be blooming in and around from all over the world ... all sources: your garden during the next few months. professionally evaluated and Achillea, Solidago and Ornamental Grasses Try pressing entire flowers, but also press tested nationwide ... expertly Plants: a selection of individual flower parts sep propagated and sent at the Carroll Gardens, PO Box 310, 444 East arately. They can be used to reconstruct a optimum planting time for you. Main Street, Westminster, MD 21157, difficult-to-press flower or to create your catalogue free. own flower forms. Some plants to consider WAYSIDE Wayside Gardens, Hodges, SC 29695, cat are: Achillea, Anemone japonica, asters GARDENS alogue $1.00, deductible. both the wild species and the cultivated 518 Garden Lane Seed: types, Clematis, clover (Trifolium sp.), Hodges, S. C. 29695 Far North Gardens, 15621 Auburndale Coreopsis, Cosmos, chrysanthemums Avenue, Livonia, MI 48154, catalogue daisy types, Delphinium, marigolds (Tag and collector's seed list $1.00. etes sp.), rose petals, Solidago. Don't TIlompson and Morgan, Seedsmen, PO Box overlook grasses, both the ornamental cul ------For your personal copy; plus a complimen 100, Farmingdale, NJ 07727, catalogue tivars and the weedy species, interesting tary copy or our biC SprinC Cataloc, send 51.00 (credited on your first order): free. seed heads like those of Clematis, pine Achillea and Ornamental Grasses needles and attractively curved stems, which Plants: are invaluable for adding interesting line Garden Place, 6780 Heisley Road, Men to a picture. For foliage try autumn leaves, tor, OH 44060, catalogue free. raspberry leaves (the backs of which are a Andre Viette Farm & Nursery, Route 1, lovely silvery-gray) and fern fronds. Box 16, Fishersville, VA 22939, cata Additional Reading-Sunny O'Neil is the ____ Zip _____ logue $1.00. author of a booklet entitled "Pressing White Flower Farm, Litchfield, CT 06759, Flowers for Lasting Beauty". To order send AYSIDE GARDENS catalogue $5.00 for one year subscrip $2.00 to Sunny O'Neil, 7106 River Road, 518 Garden Lane, Hodges, S. C. 29695 tion, deductible. Bethesda, Maryland 20034.

American Horticulturist 43 GARDENERS MARKEI'PIACE

CLASSIFIED AD RATES: BOOKS DAFFODIL BULBS 50¢ per word; $1 0. 00 minimum per insertion. 10% New EXOTICA 4, enlarged to 16,300 photos, Naturalizing Mixtures (8 + vari€ties): Mixed discount for three consecutive insertions using same copy. Copy must be received two months prior to by Dr. A. B. Graf; 2,590 pages in 2 volumes, Colors or All-Yellow, Bushel $68.00; Peck publication date. Send orders to the attention of Cindy $175. TROPICA-7,000 Color photos of ex $21.00. King Alfred Bushel $50.00; Peck $15.00. Weakl and, American Horticultural Society, Mount otic Plants and Trees, $115. EXOTIC PLANT Postpaid East of Mississippi, 10% extra West. Vernon, Virginia 22121. Or call (703) 768-5700. MANUAL-4,200 photos, $37.50. EXOTIC Free folder features varieties, collections. RIV HOUSE PLANTS-1,200 photos, $8 .95. Cir ER'S EDGE FARM, Rt. 3, Box 228A, Glouces culars gladly sent. ROEHRS, Box 125, E. Ruth ter, VA 23061. AUSTRALIAN WILDFLOWER SEEDS erford, N1 07073. Rare selective collection of over 200 species, BROMELIADS specializing in brilliant WESTERN AUSTRA THE BROMELIAD TREASURY Dept. A offers Reach the single most LIAN WILDFLOWERS. Banksias, Bottle a selection of decorative species and hybrid Bro devoted group of brushes, Eucalypts, Kangapaws, Grasstrees, Ev meliads at very reasonable prices. Unique 22 erlastings, Hakeas, Wattles, Honeymyrtles, page DESCRIPTIVE LIST, $1.50. Also "Bro gardeners in the country Boronias, Starflowers, Cone Flowers, Desert Pea, meliads for Modern Living," 80 page booklet Feather Flowers, Xmasbush, Waxflowers, Flan with 135 beautiful Bromeliad colo( photos, $4.00 by advertising in our nel Flowers, Smokebush, Dryandras and many postpaid. 639 Bend Drive, Sunnyval€, CA 94087. more. For FREE descriptive lists, send Inter classified section. national Postal Reply Coupons of $1.00. BUSH BULBS LAND FLORA AUSTRALIAN SEED SPE " THE WIDE WORLD OF BULBS AND DAYLILIES CIALISTS, P.O., Box 118, SCARBOROUGH- PLANTS." America's unique source book. Lists 6019. WESTERN AUSTRALIA. thousands of bulbs, bromeliads, oFchids, peren Seven named varieties. Wide color and season range, $10. Descriptive catalog 25 ¢. TRAN THE AVANT GARDENER nials, herbs, fruits, house plants, wildflowers, nursery stock, vegetables, supplies. Includes QUIL LAKE NURSERY, 45 River Street, Re "DIFFERENT, EXCITING, GREAT FUN TO Wholesale Supplement. Price: $3.00 (deducti hoboth, MA 02769. READ-for the gardener who wants to get more ble). INTERNATIONAL GROWERS EX DOG REPELLENT out of gardening!" Subscribe to THE AVANT CHANGE, Box 397-E, Farmington, MI 48024. GARDENER, the most useful, most quoted of A waterproof non-toxic pellet placed around all gardening publications. Every month this CACTI AND SUCCULENTS shrubs, flowers, garbage can, lawn or gardens. unique news service brings you the newest and From the wonderful world of cactus, rare, un Protects for weeks. One container (approxi most practical on-going gardening informa usual specimens, books, fertilizers, pots, labels. mately 135 pdlets) $3 .00 postage paid or 2 for tion-new plants, products, techniques, with 1982 List 50¢; deductible first order. BAR $5 .00. LOUMAC CHEMICAL COMPANY, sources for every item, plus feature articles, spe NETT CACTUS GARDEN, 1104 Meadow Box 8382AS, Chattanooga, TN 37411. cial issues. Now in its 14th year. Awarded the view, Bossier City, LA 71111. DWARF CONIFERS Garden Club of America Medal for outstanding FREE ... 1982 plant & price listing catalog .. . Over 140 types of Bonsai & Dwarf Conifers achievement in horticulture. Special to new sub NEW ... Full color Cacti/Succulent book .. . described by size, shape, color and texture. De scribers, $10 for a full year. Sample copy $1. $2.00 (bulk mail ) via "First Class" ... $3 .00. scriptive catalog $1.00 (refundable). Plant and THE AVANT GARDENER, Box 489M, New K & L CACTUS NURSERY, 12712 Stockton price list free . WASHINGTON EVERGREEN York, NY 10028. Blvd", Galt, CA 95632. NURSERY, Box 125 AH, South Salem, NY AZALEAS AND RHODODENDRONS Cactus, Epiphyllums, Lithops, Echeverias al'ld 10590. AZALEAS FOR LANDSCAPING-America's other succulent plants. 112 page illustrated cat EPIPHYLLUMS alog $1.00. CACTUS GEM NURSERY, Dept. largest mail-order selection of hard-to-find, super EPIPHYLLUMS (ORCHID CACTUS), RHIP H, 10092 Mann Drive, Cupertino, CA 95014. hardy, landscape-size azaleas and rhododen SALIS HOYAS, 6 different rooted Epiphyllum Visitors welcome. drons. Catalog $2.00 (deductible) CARLSON'S cuttings $10.00. Orders outside United States GARDENS, Box 305AH, South Salem, NY CA~VOROUSPLANTS add $6.00 for " Agriculture Inspection Fee." 10590. Carnivorous, woodland terrarium plants and Family run business for over 55 years. Catalog BEGONIAS supplies. Book, The World ofCarnivorous Plants, 50¢. BEAHM EPIPHYLLUM GARDENS, Dept. All types. Illustrated, descriptive catalog fea $6.50 postpaid. Illustrated catalog 25 ¢, Peter AH82, 2686 Paloma Street, Pasadena, CA 91107. turing over 700 varieties, many rare and unu Pauls Nurseries, Canandaigua, NY 14424. FLOWER ARRANGING sual. $2.00. THE THOMPSONS, PO Drawer CHASMANTHE (AFRICAN PENNANTS) FREE CATALOG-Flower Arranging Sup PP, Southampton~ NY 11968. (516) 283-3237. Bulbs 3 fO F $6.70 postpaid, with growing in plies. Books, foams, wire, vases, dried materials. BONSAI structions. Rare Bulb List $1 (deductible on or Low prices. Designer's Bench, Box 839-AH, Au Biannual Bonsai magazine-catalogue, $3.50. dering). WILLETTS, PO Box 446, Fremont, CA burn, NY 13021. Bonsai care information, unusual starter trees, 94536. NEW! "Adapto"-Simp\ifies Flower Arrang ing. Suspends itself from Vase Top. Send $3 .00. tools, pots, fertilizers. Visit or write to: Shoen COMPOST BAGS Bor1sai and Japanese Garden, 601 E. Gude Drive, Satisfaction Guaranteed. Information FREE! Rockville, MD 20850. (301) 762-0878. 'POST HASTE composting bags let you have CHEGWIDDEN (AH8 ), Dover, NJ 07801-0182. useable compost in two weeks. Made from BOOK SEARCH SERVICE DuPont's "Tyvek," 'Post Haste bags hold in FREE CATALOG Send your list of wanted gardening books or heat but let air circulate and excess moisture Plastic Flower Pots, Hanging Baskets, Soil, Per general titles to me. (Out of print, antiquarian, escape. Send $1.00 for postage with order: 1 lite, Vermiculite, Books, Fertilizers, Insecticides, second hand.) I'll try to locate them. No obli bag, $1.95; 5 bags, $8.95; 10 bags, $16.95 to Trays, Saucers and much more--Inexpensive and gation. Edward F. Smiley, Bookseller, RFD 5, FORENCO, PO Box 9088, Wilmington, DE Good. THE VIOLET HOUSE, Box 1274, Dept. 43 Liberty Hill Rd., Bedford, NH 03102. 19809. H., Gainesville, FL 32601.

44 August 1982 GARDEN FURNITURE HOYA SPECIAL PROTEA Solid Teakwood Garden Seats-featured in the WHAT'S A HOY A? Send for free descriptive EXOTIC HAWAIIAN/AUSTRALIAN BANK arboretums & gardens of England. The perfect list. Limited hoya introductory offer. 6 different SIA PLANTS-SPECIAL SALE-LIMITED heirloom gift for church, park or private garden. 2" hoyas $19.95 PPD . SAN LUIS GARDENS, QUANTITIES AVAILABLE NOW FOR SHIP Send $2.00 (deductible) for the 10-page British Rt.3, Box 269A, Dept. AH, San Luis Obispo, MENT ANYWHERE U.S.A. 4 PLANTS color catalogue and current price list. Precipi CA 93401. $25.00 POSTPAID. PROTEA GARDENS OF tation, Inc., 17317 Germantown Rd., German IRIS MAUl, RR#2, BOX 389, KULA, MAUl, HA town, MD 20874. (381) 428-3434. WAII 96790 (808) 878-6048. Siberian iris. Seven named varieties. Broad color GREENHOUSE GROWING range, $10. Descriptive catalog 25¢. TRAN RARE PLANTS PROPAGATION BREAKTHROUGH-Don't QUIL LAKE NURSERY, 45 River Street, Re NEW PLANTS, RARE PLANTS, EXOTIC HA gamble-Use only the best mist controls. Guar hoboth, MA 02769. WAIIAN PLANTS, HARD to find house plants. anteed, versatile, portable, indoor, outdoor, au IVIES NAMED plumeria, Ti plants and Hibiscus. Rare tomatic, economical. Write AQUAMONITOR, Ivies for you in 82! Catalog $1.00 credited on Aroids and Variegates. FREE LIST. HA Box 327-B, Huntington, NY 11743. 1st order. TROPEXOTIC GROWERS, INC., WAIIAN SUNSHINE NURSERY, PO Box 353, Haleiwa, HI 96712. HARPER HORTICULTURAL SLIDE Ivy Specialists, 708 60th Street, N.W., Braden LIBRARY (PAMELA HARPER). ton, FL 33529. ROOTIN COMPOUND We supply many of the pictures in this and other LILIES DIP 'N GROW LIQUID ROOTING COM garden magazines. You may rent these and LET'S GROW LILIES-a 48-page beautifully POUND distributed nationally. IBA and NAA 40,000 others, or buy duplicates. Lecture pro illustrated Handbook on lil y culture with com combined, plus anti-bacterial and anti-fungal grams on many topics. Catalog $1. 219 Ro plete easy-to-understand instructions on raising properties. Dilute 1:5 for hard to root; 1:10 for banna Shores, Seaford, VA 23696. lilies in the garden or on the patio in containers. most plants. Mfg. by ALPKEM, Inc. 1 pint, $3.00. NORTH AMERICAN LILY SOCIETY, $18.50; 1 gallon $86.50. Sent UPS prepaid. PA HORTICULTURAL SCHOOL INC., PO Box 476, Waukee, IA 50263. CIFIC ORNAMENTALS, PO Box 1045, Hills POM-OLERI INSTITUTE-A two-year voca boro, OR 97123. tional Horticultural School. Box 704, Ava, MO MAPLES SEDUMS & SEMPERVIVUMS 65608. (417) 683-2319. MATSU-MOMI]I NURSERY-Rare & unu sual Japanese Black Pines and Japanese Maples. Sempervivum (Hens & Chicks), Sedum. Fasci HOUSE PLANTS Shipping List 50¢. PO Box 11414, Philadelphia, nating, colorful, winter hardy, drought resist ORCHIDS, GESNERIADS, BEGONIAS, CACTI PA 19111. ant, carefree. Collection 12/$7.95 Postpaid. & SUCCULENTS. Visitors welcome. 1982-83 MISCELLANEOUS Catalog 25 ¢. ALPINE GARDENS, Dept. AHS, PO Box 247, Dallas, OR 97338. Catalog $1.25. LAURA Y OF SALISBURY, Rt. Exotic Butterflies, Beetles ... Africa, Brazil, etc. 41 (Undermountain Rd .), Salisbury, CT 06068 64 Page Catalog. $1.00. COMPLETE SCIEN SHADE CLOTH (203) 435-2263. TIFIC, PO Box 307-H, Round Lake, IL 60073 . Shade cloth for patio or greenhouse. Eight ORCHIDS, EPIPHYLLUMS, HOYAS . List 50¢. NEW METHOD OF IRRIGATION densities available. Custom sewn with rein MAGGIC PLANTS, 8562 Fireside Avenue, San forced binding and brass grommets. Last for Diego, CA 92123. NEW METHOD OF IRRIGATION. Saves up years. Call (404) 778-8654, 24 hours a day. RAREST PLANTS EXCLUSIVELY; otherwise to 80% of water and energy used on gardens, Yonah Manufacturing Company, PO Box 280, commercially unavailable, 250 variegates, Dra lawns, orchards and residential & commercial Cornelia, GA 30531. caena, Philodendrons, 50 Palms, 25 grasses, Eu landscaping. One control will irrigate up to 300 phorbias, 150 Sansevierias, 40 Aloes & Agaves, square feet of garden or as many as four trees. TETRAPLOID DAYLILIES 180 Succulents, 60 Cycads, 200 Hoyas, Ferns, No maintenance, vandalism or electricity. Sim Over 450 hybrids; exotic new Tetraploid In 40 Bamboo, 250 shrubs, 200 trees. Catalog $4. ple to install. Tested and proven successful by troductions. Catalog $1.00, deductible with or ENDANGERED SPECIES, 12571 (A) Redhill, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Price $30.00 der for plants. SEAWRIGHT GARDENS, 134 Tustin, CA 92680. each. California add 6% sales tax. No C.O.D. Indian Hill, Carlisle, MA 01741 (617) 369-2172. Guaranteed. WATERGUARDE, PO Box 1222, Visitors welcome! La Mesa, CA 92041, Dept. A. TREE PROBLEMS-BOTANICAL OR Over 200 quality books. most $3 .00 to $4 .00 . on trees . ORCHIDS LEGAL flowers . plants. animals, herbs . gardening . birds, insects , mammals. etc .-almost every nature subject. Field guides , ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! Brome For Directory of members of the American So compendiums, how·to, many with photographs or illustra· liads, Staghorn Ferns, Books, Peters Fertilizer ciety of Consulting Arborists-the experts in tions, written by respected authorities. 48·page catalog abo solutely FREE! Write Dover Pubns .. Dept . A61 . 180 Varick Potting Mixes, Supplies for indoor and green tree care and appraisals for legal matters, write: St. . N.Y" N.Y. 10014 . "A weaHh of Informallon. lore and house culture. Catalog, 40¢ coin or stamps. FOX ASCA, 315(AH) Franklin Road, North Bruns fact. " -Wichita Eagle ORCHIDS, INC., 6615 West Markham, Little wick, NJ 08902. Rock, AR 72205. TROPICAL SEEDS PALM SOCIETY "HOW TO Grow Ran~ And Exotic Tropical PALM SOCIETY members receive our inter Plants From Seeds All Year Around." Just $1.00. national quarterly journal "Principes." Our Seed Free Catalog-Irene Rube, 1313-T West Cam Bank distributes seeds of rare palms collected bridge, Fresno, CA 93705. worldwide. Five chapters in the U.S. meet fre ql!lently, enjoy viewing beautifHl collections, UNUSUAL INDOOR PLANTS conduct rare palm sales, and exchange cultural Unusual Indoor Plants. 1,800 Varieties-Be information. Regular membership $15 to THE gonias, Ferns, Geraniums, Herbs, Exotics. NEW PALM SOCIETY, INC., Box 368-AH, Law 1982-84 catalog with more color $2.50. rence, KS 66044. LOGEE'S GREENHOUSES, AH, 55 North PHALAENOPSIS (MOTH) ORCHIDS Street, Danielson, CT 06239. Blooms for months in greenhouse or window UNUSUAL PLANTS sill; white, pink, yellow, peppermint, novelty UNUSUAL PLANTS, rare succulents, Caudi species. Flask to blooming size. Other orchid ciforms, Sansevierias and other exotics. Illus genera available. Write for list. GREEN VAL trated catalog and periodic newsletters-$1.00. LEY ORCHIDS, Rte. 1, Box 233 S, Folsom, SINGERS' GROWING THINGS, 17806 Plum LA 70437 (504) 796-5785. mer Street, AH, Northridge, CA 91325.

American Horticulturist 45 It lells You When to Water he lower half of the Nutriponics® planter shown above very red, and they are larger than cherry tomatoes. They are is transparent so you can see the water level. The roots growing in our attractive planter which makes plants grow faster T grow down into the liquid and pull up water and nutri and better. We have had similar success with all types of plants ents as needed. You need add water only every week or two. from African Violets to Geraniums to Sunflowers. You can also depending on the plant. Tomatoes may require more frequent use Nutriponics to give your plants a head start for planting watering when the plant is large. later outdoors. Our instruction leaflet on growing.J:omatoes indoors is free for You will be thrilled at how easy it is to grow your favorite the asking. Also we have written an illustrated 52-page book on plants using this new technique. We do not grow plants for sale, NUTRIPONICS which is included in each of the kits listed in the but we have hundreds of different kinds of plants growing in our coupon shown below. experimental areas. Write us for more information or use the The tomatoes in the above photo are Pixie which are sweet and coupon below.

Windowsill Gardens, Grafton, N.H. 03240, Dept. AHJ o Send Information Namp"-______o Send $9.95 kit StreetL______o Send $19.80 kit City State______Zip __ Includes planter shown above. Include $2.00 for shipping

WINDOWSILL GARDENS Grafton, New Hampshire 03240

AUGUST 1982 Very Exciting and Interest­ Ing Program Is Planned for Our AHS 37Th Annual a Meeting in Cincinnati, from September 29Th to October 3Rd, 1982

AUGUST 1982 Very Exciting and Interest Ing Program Is Planned for Our AHS 37Th Annual a Meeting in Cincinnati, from September 29Th to October 3Rd, 1982