Enjoy a sunset sail on a felucca returning from the botanical gardens on Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener Island at Aswan, one of the ports of call of the Nile Goddess on the January AHS trip to Egypt and the Nile. AHSSTUDYTOURS Awon I way to go!

September 20-0ctober 3, 1990 nificant and historic gardens of Charleston . You 'll Horatio Herbert Kitchener Island at Aswan . Program Castles and Gardens of Scotland view splendid marshlands while cruising the Intra­ leaders are Carolyn Marsh Lindsay and Bob Lind­ coastal Waterwa y. loin Past AHS President Carolyn say . Mrs. Lindsay is a Past President of AHS. See Culzen Park Castle and Crarae Woodland Gar­ Marsh Lindsay and Bob Lindsay on board this yacht Leonard Haertter Tra vel Compan y dens in Argyll ; the Isle of Skye's Clan Donald Center, cruise. forty acres of woodland gardens and nature trails ; Leonard Haertter Travel Compan y, 79 22 Bonhomme Avenue, and the highland gardens at Inverewe before trav­ S!. Louis, MO 63105, (8001942-6666 (in Missouri , 13141721- April 16-21, 1991 eling on to Inverness and Edinburgh. You'll be guided 6200) by Everitt Miller, former Longwood Gardens direc­ AHS Annual Meeting in tor and Past AHS President. Birmingham Pa ssages Unlimited, 2 Oliver Street, Eighth Floor, Boston, January 23-February 5, 1991 Enjoy the beauty of Birmingham, Alabama, during MA 02109, (800 1232-293 9 Egypt and Nile Cruise the American Horticultural Society 's 1991 Annual Explore the earliest of the Western civilizations and Meeting. The Meeting will focus on gardening classes November 10-17, 1990 the life-giving influence of the Nile River. The itin­ and clinics held at the Birmingham Botanic Garden ; erary includes Cairo , Lu xor, and Abu Simbel as well horticultural tours will highlight some of Birming­ Gardens of the Colonial South as a five-day cruise on the Upper Nile from Luxor ham 's finest public and private gardens. Post­ Board the Nalltucket Clipper in Florida and travel north to Aswan on board the Nile Goddess . Visit numerous meeting tours will feature fabulous gardens to old Southern gardens on Sea Island, private gar­ historic gardens, including the Manial Palace Gar­ throughout Alabama as well as a riverboat cruise dens in Savannah and Hilton Head , and the sig- dens in Cairo and the botanical garden on Lord up the beautiful Mississippi River.

2 AUGUST 1990 Photo Counesy of rhe Egyptian Tourist Authority eric an Horticulturist Volume 69, Number 8 August 1990

ARTICLES An Industrial Oasis in Berkeley by Pamela Harper ...... 10 Employees of a research lab in this California city can take a break in a stroll garden complete with "mountains." Big Bruisers for the Back of the Border by Elisabeth Sheldon ...... 16 Some show-stoppers and floppers of imposing stature. Getting a Hand on Sand by Mary Ann Evans ...... 22 To launch a series on "Gardening Challenges," we try getting things to grow on the New Jersey shore. Fascinated with Fasciation by Robert Geneve ...... 26 If you've ever grown a cockscomb or a flat, stumpy strawberry, you've AUGUST'S COVER been face-to-face with fasciation. ©Photographed by Maryl Levine Planting Flowers for Pressing Roses are delightful in May, but by JoAnn Gillespie ...... 32 even more welcome in late sum­ Plant the right flowers, perfect the technique, and voila! A work of art! mer and into fall when other Gardens That Live Forever blooms have beat a retreat. 'Gold by Mary Beth Wiesner ...... ,...... 38 Medal', a hybrid tea introduced in Should anything happen to you, your children are provided for. But what 1982, is one of nearly 400 hybrid about your garden? teas, grandifloras, floribundas, and climbers to be seen at the Ameri­ DEPARTMENTS can Horticultural Society's River Commentary ...... , ...... 4 Farm headquarters. Flower prints Book Reviews ...... ,...... 6 by Maryl Levine at:e among the Letters...... 9 many items available at the River Ciassmeds ...... ,...... 44 Farm Cottage Shop. Pronunciations ...... 47

EDITOR: Kathleen Fisher. ASSISTANT EDITOR: Mary Beth Wiesner. EDITORIAL ASSISTANT: Martha PaiemlO. DESIGN DIRECfOR: Ellen Cohen. MEMBERSHIP DIRECfOR: Kathleen 8. Amber:ger. ADVERTISING: American Horticultural Society Advertising Departm.e/lt, BO South Early Street. Alexandria, VA 22304, telephone e70'3) 82H966. COLOR SEPARATIONS: Chroma· Graphics, Inc. EDIIORlAL ADVISORY BOARD: Dr. Gerald S. Barad, Flemington, N]; Dr. Harrison Flint, West lafayette, IN; Petcr Loewer, Bilrmore Station, NC; Dr. Elizabeth McClintock, San Francisco, CA; Frederick McGourty, Norfolk, Cf; Janet M. Poor, Winnetka, IL; Maire Simington, Phoenix. AZ; Jane Steff~y , Sykesville, MD; Dr. James E. Swasey, Newark, DE; Philip E. Chandler, Santa Monica, CA. Replacement issues of AMERICAN HORTICl:JLTIJRIST are available at a cost of ~2 . 50 per copy. The opinions expressed in the articles that appear in AMERICAN HORTICULTIJRIST are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Society. Botanical nomenclature in AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST is based on HORTIJS THIRJ!). Manuscripts, art work, and phDlographs sent for possible publication will be returned if they are accompanied by a self·addressed, stamped envelope. We cannot guarantee the safe return of u/lSOlicitcd material. AMERICAN fiORTICULTIJRIST, lSSN 0096-4417, is the ollkial publication of the American Horticultural Society, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, Virginia 2230B, (703) 76B' 5700, and is issued six times a year as a magazine and six times a year as a news edition. The American Hotticultural Society is a nonprofit organization dedicated to exceUence in horticulture. Membership in the Society includes a subSCription to AMERICAN HORJ'lCULTURIST. National membership dues are S35; two years are 860. Foreign dues are S45. S12 of dues are designated for AMERICAN HORTICULTIJRIST Copyright © 1990 by the American Horticultural Society. Second·class postage paid at Alexandria, Virginia, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Please send Form 3579 to AMERICAN HORTICULTIJRIST, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA 2230B.

AMERI CAN H O RTICU LTURIST 3 COMMENTARY American Horticultural Society

n coming months, I would like to in­ The American troduce myself personally and talk with Horticultural Society I each one of you. But I will not be able seeks to promote to do so unless you attend our Annual and recognize excellence Meeting, or a symposium that we sponS0r, in horticulture or one of the many garden shows in which across America. we participate. I will be attending many of these events where I hope to see you Officers 1990-1991 and hear your views on the future of Amer­ Mr. George C. Ball Jr. ican horticulture and the role of AHS. West Chicago, lllinois President Perhaps your views, like mine, are evolv­ Mrs. Helen Fulcher Walutes ing. On the other hand, they may be set Mount Vernon, Virginia in place, rooted in experiences of many First Vice President Mr. Richard C. Angino years in and arouad gardens. In either case, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania we need to start a dialogue in these pages. First, let me tell you a bit Second Vice President about myself and my own ideas about the American Horticultural Society. Mr. Elvin McDonald Brooklyn, New York I'm a Midwesterner, born in the suburbs of Chicago, where I still reside. Secretary Raised in a family horticu!.tmal business, I leamed it literally from the Mrs. Jane N. Scarff ground up. Having traveled extensively, I've learned about how horti­ New Carlisle, Ohio Treasurer culture is practiced, for both pleasure and profit, in other cl!!ltures. I share Mrs. Carolyn Marsh Lindsay with you a great respect for plants of all kinds. I have a small garden that Rochester, New York I spend too little time in, and I keep an eye out for those special plants Immediate Past President for which I might have an affinity. Everyone has a group of favorites. Board of Directors Mine is a hodge-podge. My perspective is continuously influenced by Dr. William E. Barrick business opportunities. For example, I try experimental cultivars from Pine Mountain, Georgia our breeders. I may not have anY'personal attraction to them for months. Dr. Sherran Blair Columbus, Ohio Then, sllddenly, I see the point, the essence of the plant. This experience Mrs. Mary Katherine Blount of learning about new plants is the heart of my interest in horticulture. Montgomery, Alabama I feel very fortunate to have a life working with plants, and I am Mrs. Sarah Boasberg fortuaate to have been offered the opportunity to provide AHS with Washington, D.C. Dr. Henry Marc Cathey leadership as its President. Over the next year, I intend to focus the efforts Washington, D.C. of the dedicated AHS Board and staff on developing a strategic plan that Mr. Russell B. Clark will set the course for the next decade. This process will require study, Boston, Massachusetts Mrs. Ann Lyon Crammond analysis, and discussion. We must answer the challenges presented to the Atlanta, Georgia advancement of gardening and the profession of horticulture by migration Mrs. Beverley White Dunn and the aging of our society, the decline of old traditions, the emergence Birmingham, Alabama Mr. K. Albert Ebinger of new ones, and the rapid increase of knowledge. I believe that societies, Boxford, Massachusetts and all elements within them, should be constantly evolving. Without Mr. Gerald T. Halpin recognizing change and adapting to it, they stagnate. Alexandria, Virginia The American Horticultural Society is in an excellent position to guide Mrs. Julia Hobart Troy, Ohio the nation toward a better understanding of horticulture. Our members Dr. Joseph E. Howland are committed to disseminating sound technical information as well as Reno, Nevada lively articles on plants, gardens, and gardeners. We need new members Mr. David M. Lilly Saint Paul, Minnesota in order to expand our many activities. To attract them, we will develop Mr. Everitt Miller a range of new, additional services for both new and old members. Kennett Square, Pennsylvania We all have a lot of particular notions and special interests that make Mrs. Flavia Redelmeier us unique individuals. Please let us know what you want your Society to Toronto, Ontario, Canada Mr. Andre Viette do for you. We appreciate letters from you and I will gladly answer as Fishersville, Virginia many of them as I can. But most of all, I look forward to meeting you Mrs. Jean Verity Woodhull at one of our many events. Please come to one of them. They are personally Dayton, Ohio enriching and horticulturally rewarding. Executive Director Mr. Frank L. Robinson

George C. Ball Jr. AHS President

4 AUGUST 1990 A Flower Arranger's Symposium

Cleveland will be blooming The charge for the this October during a symposium, which Flower Arranger's includes a box lunch, is Symposium co-sponsored $78 for AHS members by the American Horticul­ and members of the tural Society and the Garden Center of Greater Garden Center of Greater Cleveland; $88 for non­ Cleveland. The symposium, members. Lectures begin which will be held October at 9:30 a.m. followed by 9 at the garden center, will lunch and the design feature speakers, slide demonstration, which presentations, and a fresh finishes at 3:00 p.m. flower arranging To register, fill in the demonstration. form below and mail it, Topics and presenters along with a check pay­ for the one-day event are: able to the Garden Center • "Unusual Perennials of Greater Cleveland, to and Annuals Excellent the Garden Center at for Cutting," presented 11030 East Boulevard, by Allen Armitage, Cleveland, OH 44106, professor of horticulture Attn: Flower Arranging Pauline Runkle at the University of Symposium. Registrations Georgia. Armitage is a sought-after speaker who has must be received by October 1 as seating is limited. lectured to the trade on topics ranging from growing For more information or directions to the Garden flowers for the fresh-cut market to procedures for Center call Marilyn Sommer at (216) 721-1600. keeping them in prime conditi9n. • "Grasses-The Under Utilized Element," a lecture by John Greenlee. Owner and manager of a Pomona, California, nursery specializing in unusual grasses, Greenlee will describe varieties adaptable to the D Please register me for the Flower Arranger's perennial garden as well as easily found wayside Symposium to be held October 9,9:30 a.m. to 3:00 varieties suitable for floral designs. p.m. at the Garden Center of Greater Cleveland. I have • "Variegated and Colored Foliages," a talk by enclosed a check for: Janet Oberliesen, director of development of Chadwick Arboretum of the Ohio State University in D $78 (AHS or Garden Center member) Columbus, Ohio. Oberliesen is an accredited flower show judge and has served on the decorations D $88 (non-member) committee of the Columbus Museum of Art. • "Inspiration and Techniques for the Flower Name Arranger," a demonstration by Pauline Runkle, owner and manager of a floral design and landscaping Address business in Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts. Runkle was production assistant for the WGBH City _____ State _____ Zip __ television series "A Small City Garden," and is a regular participant in the Boston Museum of Fine Phone (day) (evening) Arts' "Art-in-Bloom" festival. Her work has appeared in Better Homes and Gardens and Town and Country magazines. Registrations must be received by October 1, 1990.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 5 BOOK REVIEWS

HEMEROCALLIS: THE importation into Europe in about 1550 the horticultural and historical informa­ DAYLILY A.D. Chapter one follows logically with tion make it a valuable companion to other descriptions of the species. texts on Hemerocallis. R. W. Munson Jr. Timber Press, A distinctive and delightful feature of Portland, Oregon, 1989. 144 pages. -Jim Seeden this book is the section containing bio­ Color photographs. Publisher's price, graphical sketches of individuals who made Jim Seeden is the founder and current hardback: $39.95. AHS member price: significant contributions to the develop­ president of the Hemerocallis Society of $33.95. ment of the modern daylily. Bill's long as­ Minnesota and chairman of the When Bob Thomson, host of "The Victory sociation with the genus has brought him American Hemerocallis Society's 1991 Garden," calls daylilies "America's favor­ into contact with many of these individuals Na.tional Convention. ite perennial," it's time to take notice of and allows him to add personal anecdotes these remarkable flowers, once relegated that enliven the historical record. to roadsides and abandoned homesteads. The central feature of the book is a daz­ Bill Munson's glorious book will cause zling forty-nine-page section that describes anyone who sees it to take a fresh and 521 "worthy daylilies," 187 of which are dazzled look at the modern daylily. Just pictured in gorgeous color. Readers of the the stunning photos of four daylilies on book should be cautioned that while all the dust jacket will hold you entranced as the cultivars pictured are "worthy," they you examine their extraordinarily com­ are not equally so in all parts of the coun­ plex coloring and forms. try. Some perform beautifully in the South, Munson's preface alone makes this book while others are more suited to the North­ indispensable for all who are engaged in ern states. A few, unfortunately not iden­ the hybridizing of any plant genus. The tified as such, serve well in all regions. point is passionately and effectively made As a fleeting glance at the photographs that breeders must consider pla,nt habit will demonstrate, the old yellow and ful­ and health, in addition to floral beauty. vous orange daylily has been transformed The daylily's claim to fame as a carefree into a genus with a full rainbow of colors garden plant is being eroded as breeding (including white, black, and brown, but emphasis often focuses too narrowly on alas, not blue or aqua) and forms ranging the flower. from wide and ruffled to spidery. The introduction traces the early history From growing daylilies to hybridizing of Hemerocallis from the first reference in them is almost inevitable, and a clearly GROWING FRAGRANT Chinese literature in 2697 B.G. through written chapter describes the process well PLANTS from the moment of pollen dabbing to the Rayford Clayton Reddell a.nd Robert magic moment when a new creation un­ Galyean. Harper & Row, New York, furls its first blossom. New York, 1989.173 pages. Color and A section on landscaping provides an black-and-white photographs. excellent list of basic elements to be con­ Publisher's price, hardcover: $35.95. sidered, accompanied by photos of day­ AHS member price: $30.50. lilies used effectively in landscapes; the fol­ lowing chapter covers horticultural This book is the authors' report card on requirements and is illustrated by instruc­ their successes and failures at their Garden tive photos showing the propagation of Valley Ranch, a commercial flower ranch daylilies. near Petaluma, California, forty-three miles Final chapters on the judging standards north of San Francisco. But what a report and awards and honors system of the card! The style is informal and conversa­ American Hemerocallis Society (AHS) are tional, while eschewing inconsequential largely quoted from the current edition of chit-chat. the AHS Judge's Handbook. An appendix Reddell is the ranch owner and the book's lists seventy-two reputable sources for true chronicler; Galyean is the ranch fore­ daylilies, and the index, listing primarily man and head gardener for the fragrant people and cultivars, is helpful. garden, and also Reddell's resource for data While much of the book will become and details. dated in a few years, placed on your coffee Despite its California origin, the book table it will provide ample inspiration, and manifests minimal regionalism. Petaluma,

6 AUGUST 1990 . . . a treasury of cold-hardy hard-to-find perennials for GARDEN your pleasure ...... CLASSICS

though relatively mild compared to most of the nation, still sustains an occasional freeze that's not supposed to happen. And happily, cultural notes for the 250 or so plants described are homeowner oriented and will fit many gardens and gardeners of America. The 175 photographs, most in full color, are a delight. Plant lore, curious facts, historical notes, PEONIES Gardens anecdotes, and opinions abound. Dozens to In speaking of hyacinths: "Modern va­ choose from . Make Me rieties almost always produce one bloom Laugh per stem. Cutting them seems extravagant. A New Edition However, to deny oneself the pleasure of Busse Gardens havil'lg their irresistible aroma in the house James C. Rose seems masochistic. Either plant twice as "The Minnesota Perennial People" many as you first considered, planning to Rt. 2 - Box 238-1 This is no ordinary gardening book . No smuggle half of the blooms indoors, or Cokato, MN 5532 I perennial borders. No "how-to." Instead, plant bulbs inside to begin with." (612) 286-2654 renowned designer James Rose offers a About roses for potpourri making: Catalog $2.00 - Deduct on first order satirical, sometimes offensive, but always "While it's true that rose petals are the illuminating look at the art and business of essence of most potpourris, none retains landscape design . Spontaneous, irreverent , strong scent after drying. Only essential and insightful, Gardens Make Me Laugh is oils revive faded aromas; don't let anyone a classic waiting to be rediscovered. persuade you otherwise." There is a multitude of useful planting $24 .95 hardcover, illustrated suggestions such as digging a trench twelve to eighteen inches deep for planting sweet peas. (They also make a similar foot-deep trench for hyacinths.) A brief but useful Siftings section provides tips on landscaping for Jens Jensen ______fragrance. The drying and potpourri sec­ tion is a trifle longer and is packed with foreword by Charles E. Little If helpful tips: you're really cramped for afterword by Darrel G. Morrison drying room, spread newspapers under the beds and scatter petals on the papers. If American Horticulturist called Siftings a you dry your own citrus rind, be sure to book "about the philosophies of a lifetime cut it into little pieces while it's still pliable; devoted to gardens and plants ... one with after it dries hard, you'll need a cleaver. such insights that it should be looked into The book isn't quite perfect. The great­ when the world is too much with us, late est boo-boo was their omission of pho­ and soon." The only book by early twen­ netics. Latil'l names are used throughout, tieth-century landscape architect Jens along with common names, of course, but Jensen is now back in print. there are no phonetics to aid the novice. Galyean admits that Latin names gave him fits; he should have spared readers what­ $12.95 paperback ever burden he had to endure. o Bronze aluminum 0 Shatter-resistant 1" thick From that genuine bit of disappoint­ double-wall glazing 0 Do-it-yourself assembly Available at your bookstore or from ment, the complaints degenerate to true o Ideal greenhouse, spa/hot tub room, entry way. THE JOHNS HOPKINS nit-picking. For instance, the book says Send $2 for Color Catalogues, Prices, UNIVERSITY PRESS freesias grow satisfactorily "in pots in a SENT FIRST CLASS MAIL. sunny window, where they'll bloom with­ Dealer Inquiries Welcome 701 West 40th Street , Suite 275 , Baltimore, Maryland 21211 Or call toll -free our a lot of bother." Whoa, there. Freesias VEGETABLE FACTORY. INC. PO Box 2235, Dept. AHO thrive in a temperature below sixty or pos­ New York, NY 10163 1.800.537.JHUP sibly sixty-five degrees-hardly one's av-

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 7 erage household temperature. growing space. Often vegetables and flow­ on container gardens, is unlike cooler If you're a gardener with a kllen sense ers are grown together. Washington State where abundant rainfall of smell and a not-so-keen aptitude for Unlike the English cottage garden (which and mild temperatures can produce enor­ finding and planting flowers for fragrance, became a definite style), the American cot­ mous roses. Pictured in the book is a gar­ and if you enjoy absorbing information tage garden is, in the author's words: "small, den in Billings, Montana, filled with spin­ presented in a most palatable way, th(m personal, individual, eccentric, sponta­ ach, bells of Ireland, celosia, corn, and this book is a sure bet. neous." These gardens are created by am­ sunflowers, a striking combination, and ateurs who grow what they want to grow somewhat sprawling when compared to a -Frank Good in an unselfconscious way, with the owner small suburban garden. Frank Good has been writing a weekly of the garden doing all the work. Most of garden column for the Wichita Eagle­ the gardens included in this book are mod­ Beacon for forty-four years. est, their owners people with little or no money but with great determination. The results are delightful. AMERICA'S COTTAGE I was happy to see the inclusion of a GARDENS place in Baltimore quite familiar to me­ Patricia Thorpe. Photographs by Eve Maria Taylor'S small topiary garden, which Sonneman. Random House, New York, faces a busy street and is always eye-catch­ New York, 1990. 191 pages. Color ing. Bright Easter eggs are hung on a shrub photographs. Publisher's price, at one season, American flags dominate hardcover: $29.95. AHS member priGe: the scene before Independence Day, pump­ $25.50. kiFls announce the coming of Halloween, etc. While her garden is unique, her ap­ Subtitled "Imaginative Variations on the proach - highly individual and colorful, Classic Garden Style," this beautifully il­ with a desire to please others-is common lustrated book examines a diff~rent kind to all the gardens described. of garden. We are used to books that de­ There are rllgional differences, usually scribe large, well-managed, sophisticated based on differences in climate and to­ Cottage gardens tend to be fewer in sub­ gardens, usually employing at least one pography. New England gardens, re­ urban areas of the Mid-Atlantic states. Here gardener. Here we are presented with gar­ stricted by fences, a short growing season, the homeowner seems to prefer a perfect dens designed to take advantage of a small and rocky soil, contrast with azalea-filled, lawn and well-manicured shrubbery to the space, usually an enclosed plot, with walls lush Southern gardens. Dry California, with untamed look of a colorful flower garden. of the house and garden used for vertical its exotic variety of plants and emphasis The exceptions noted here are often gar­ dens planted by pllople of Italian extrac­ tion, featuring grape arbors, crowded bright flowers, and rich-looking tomatoes, Book Order Fonn eggplants, peppers, zucchini, and herbs. While the author doesn't say so, the one Please send me the following books at the special AHS member prices. characteristic that unites these gardens is excitement. o Hemerocallis: The Daylily Despite their wide variety, each of the R. W. Munson Jr...... $33.95 o VISA 0 MasterCard Exp. Date ____ TIM 007 gardllns presented is arresting to the eye, o Growing Fragrant Plants Acct. # ______certainly a reflection of the gardener'S own Reddell & Galyean ...... $30.50 personality. Both thoughtful and fun to HAR56J Signature ______read, the book is profusely illustrated. The o American Cottage Gardens pictures themselves should be an inspira­ Thorpe & Sonneman ...... $25.50 Ship to: ______~_ RAN 027 tion-especially for anyone who has been I would like to order _____ books. daunted by a lack of space for gardening. Street: ______----_ Please add $2.50 per book for postage and -Adelaide C. Rackemann handling. Virginia residents, also add 4 1h% Ciry:_=-______sales tax. Please allow six weeks for delivery. Adelaide C. Rackemann is a Baltimore o Enclosed is my check for $___ _ State: _____ Zip: ______free-lancer and gardener who serves as librarian for the Cylburn Arboretum and MAIL TO: AHS Books, 7931 East Boulevard Dtive, Alexandria, VA 22308. with her husband, Frank, edits its newsletter.

8 AUGUST 1990 10 million ways LETTERS to eliminate garden Azaleodendrons In the April edition of your publication, insects.N~ Ann Nugent's article on the Meerkerk Rhododendron Garden quotes garden That's how many tiny insect-kill­ manager Bill Stipe as saying that azaleas ing "beneficial nematodes" are cannot be crossed with rhododendrons. in each container of BioSafe®­ False!! The results of deciduous azalea a completely natural way to kill crosses with rhododendrons to cite a few insect larvae and grubs. include 'Broughtonii Aure~m', 'Marth~ BioSafe is non-toxic to people, Isaacson', 'Oregon Queen', 'Valley Sun­ rise', 'Odoratum', 'Fragrans', and 'Mary pets and other living things. For Harmon'. Crosses of evergreen azaleas and an easy, effective alternative to rhododendrons include 'Martine', 'Hard­ chemical pesticides, try BioSafe ijzer's Beaury', and 'Ria Hardijzer'. today. Available now at nurseries and garden centers. Patricia Ann McDowell From Biosys, a biological pest control company B+ Safe Auburn, Washington 1057 East Meadow Circle, Palo Alto, CA ® 1-800-821-8448 or in California call 1-415-321-7233. I(i). The impossibility of crossing azaleas and rhododendrons is a fairly common misconception, says former u.s. National Arboretum Director John Creech, because people tend to forget that azaleas are rhododendrons. However, it's not easy to find the right parent plants for making such crosses, The Highest Quality " he adds. As a result, there are very few Liquid Plant Food , of these 'azaleodendrons' around. For Over 30 Years.

~,~ 'Ii~RR~NTY TO CONS Catalog Welcome ...~+\ * 11",.-:1'", The Book Catalog in your April issue was ~ Good Housekeeping. '1-"0 PROMISES ,~,,~ a welcome surprise. I trust it will become EII/ENT OR REFUND II ~,\ ~ PER QUART WATER a regular feature. Will the next listing offer GROWS ALL PLANTS a selection of South African and Australian Available at leading Garden Centers and Plant Departments. publications? Many of us grow plants from MIg by Schultz Company, St LOUIS, MO 63043 those two areas. And I do question the charge of $2.50 per book for small pa­ perback guides, such as the Wisley Hand­ C;REER C;~RDENS books. Leonard H. Corbett-Grant 1280 Goodpasture island Rd., Eugene, OR 97401-1794 Napa, California )~ Specializing in -- . ( EXOTIC Rhododendrons UNUSUAL Japanese Maples We will not update the catalog on a RARE Trees & Shtubs monthly basis, but we will issue another SPECIAL Bonsai. Materials when the number of new titles seems to warrant it. The publishers we work with EXCEPTlONAL COLOR CATALOG offer primarily American and British Offering 2000 kinds of plants - ONLY $3.00 books; we will be alert for books about WE SHIP ANYWHERE plants from the countries you mention. Order our catalog by calling 1-800-548-0111 And we do plan to offer a more differentiated system of postage charges .

AMERICAN HO RTI CULTURIST 9 DESIGN/STORY AND PHOTOS BY PAMELA HARPER An Industrial Oasis In Berkeley

arge organizations often pro­ ticulturist), they knew they had found the vide gyms as a way to help their approach they sought. Hand was com­ employees reduce stress, but missioned to work with Hero Moriomoto, gyms don't appeal to everyone. the architect who designed their lab and Instead of an indoor exercise office buildings, to create this city garden. facility,L David and Evelyn Lennette, who Harland Hand is noted for marching to own a virus research laboratory in Berke­ his own drum, creating gardens closer in ley, California, decided to create a garden mood to Japanese gardens-inspired by near the lab site. Workers who wanted nature yet stylized-than to typical Amer­ vigorous exercise would have space for ican or European landscape architecture. games. But problems can often be thought The completed city garden employs many out during a quiet walk, so the area would of the same elements as his private garden, primarily be a stroll garden - wha t they with its flowing informal paths, sheltered called "an industrial oasis" - where they places where one can sit or walk unob­ and their staff could relax a while from served, and raised vantage points. He also the taxing concentration their work used the same techniques for sculpting reqUires. concrete that he developed for his El Cer­ Too often in landscape architecture, rito garden. plants take second place, bein~ fitted to There the resemblance ends, for this was the structural design after it is complete. a very different site. Hand's garden is on The garden the Lennettes envisioned called a steep slope with magnificent views. The for a plantsman-designer, and when they site selected for the Lennettes' city garden toured the private garden of Harland Hand was a flat lot 75 by 150 feet, a block and in nearby El Cerrito (see " A Garden Work a half from the busy approach to a free­ of Art" in the April 1983 American Hor- way, with "views" of city streets and shacklike buildings. Privacy was the first need. A fence was erected six feet high - the maximum per­ mitted - at the front and sides and eight feet tall in back, using prefabricated con­ crete posts and horizontal "boards" that the casual observer would think to be wood. Along the front a ladderlike wooden cap­ ping adds a decorative finish plus a little more height and some support for such vines as white wisteria, white Clematis montana, and yellow banksia rose. The fence is not high enough to conceal com­ pletely the dilapidated industrial buildings beyond, but somehow their presence en­ hances the pleasure of being in this secret garden. In time, strategically placed shrubs Above: A view over the fence into the and small trees will provide additional Lennettes' employee retreat. Right: In­ screen mg. side the gate, steps lead to a path along Appropriate to this urban sanctuary, the the top ofa boundary bank planted with front entrance is evocative of the torii cyclamen, Lithospermum, Carex, and through which visitors enter the Shinto dwarf yarrow. shrines of Japan. Dark bands of painted

10 AUGUST 1990 AMERICAN HORTICU LTURIST J 1

iron cross the gate at intervals that dimin­ top plants up close. This elevated path is out over an irregularly shaped sunken pond, ish from bottom to top, giving the illusion reached by steps of sculpted concrete on thirty-seven feet across at its widest point of greater height. Against the panels of either side of the front gate. with the twelfth mound in its center. Areas vertical boards that flank the gate, clumps Harland Hand thinks seating is essential of marsh at either side are planted with of the tall spuria iris 'Port of Call' seem to in a garden, not merely or even primarily moisture-loving irises: Iris ensata; I. lae­ stand at attention and guard the entry with as places to sit, but as design elements that vigata; Louisianas with large but delicate their swordlike leaves. Along a six-foot­ make a garden more interesting to look at flowers aptly portrayed in the name of one wide strip of ground between the sidewalk and more inviting. Where the boundary called 'Elusive Butterfly'; and the unique and the garden's fence are scattered large bank curves inward, he has installed four I. x chrysographes x I. pseudacorus hy­ boulders that were individually selected for benches: simple, backless units of slatted brid 'Holden Clough', with golden yellow their interesting shapes. They are inter­ redwood that has been bleached and stained flowers that are heavily netted with brown. spersed with round and half-moon step­ light gray, supported on sculpted concrete It is intended that white-flowered vines ping stones of Hand's hallmark textured "rocks." One is a single, straight unit, spa­ will eventually grow over the roof of the concrete, interplanted with irises and such cious for two and big enough for four very gazebo, suggesting clouds and snow-cov­ gray-leaved plants as artemisias and the good friends. Two are double units joined ered volcanoes among mountain foothills. busy, white-flowered Convolvulus cneo­ in a chevron shape to fit into the contours The gazebo forms part of a deck that is rum. of the bank. The fourth is a conversation also a bridge across the pond and the main Hand's theme for the garden was a corner for the gregarious and can serve as walkway from one side of the garden to northern California mountain setting. Not a meeting area, with seating for about fif­ the other. Wooden railings prevent mis­ only are hills and dells more visually pleas­ teen on bench units that form three sides haps without obscuring the view of the ing than flat ground, but contouring of a square. pool and the garden beyond. Twin utility stretches the amount of surface available These sitting areas are given a feeling of buildings with peaked roofs matching that for planting. Three hundred cubic yards seclusion by three other large mounds sit­ of the gazebo are set behind and to either of adobe topsoil and fifty-five tons of moss­ uated as islands in the front half of the side of it, forming a T-shape. One is a and lichen-covered volcanic rock were used garden. By hiding parts of the garden, they storage shed and the other a lavatory. to form twelve "mountains" up to five and help create surprise and mystery. But in the quest for a unique garden a half feet high. Eight of these are incor­ There is no lawn. Paths, which widen there's plenty of room for disaster and there porated in a bank of varying heights and into "rooms" as they wend their way be­ are certain to be some raised eyebrows, widths inside the perimeter fence, starting tween mounds and banks, are surfaced with and in its raw stage, this garden raised on either side of the front gate and con­ paving stones of concrete that was poured mine. The three large island knolls are tinuing down its sides. Because the back in place in randomly rounded shapes and studded with rocks: rocks not three-quar­ part of the lot was set aside as a game field, sizes and smoothed to a soft and natural ters buried as traditional rock garden con­ the ornamental section is square, but the look. The concrete mix-five parts sand struction requires, but three-quarters ex­ curving lines of these boundary banks dis­ to one part cement-was streaked with posed, and often standing on end. At this guise the symmetrical shape and make the lampblack and a sienna brown to produce stage, an observer could have been for­ garden much more welcoming. a dark gray marbling with the faintest hint given for thinking he had strayed into a As so often happens, implementation of of a rosy pink. The color is perfectly echoed pet cemetery. the garden plans revealed shortcomings in in the winsome flowers of a bearded iris But the designer knew what he was about. the paper design. It soon became apparent called 'Marriage Vows'. No lime was added The rocks were there to display and en­ that plants on top of the boundary banks to the mix because it would have altered hance the plants, of which a large pro­ could not be easily tended without step­ the pH of the surroundil"!g soil. Two or portion would be irises with their stately, ping on plants further down. By adding a three inches of soil separate the stones from upright habit. Just a year after planting, stepping-stone path along the top of the each other, so they will not crack as solid the rocks and plants are in balance, with bank, the creators not only solved a prac­ concrete often does when the soil shifts. neither dominating. tical problem but provided strollers along The crevices are filled with plants: here This is a garden designed by a plantsman the overlook trail with changing views down and there a taller one, but primarily creep­ for owners who know and love plants and on the garden and a chance to study bank- ers and carpeters such as thyme, ajuga, want to share that interest with their em­ Mazus reptans, sedums, dwarf yarrow ployees. Although irises predominate­ Left: Yellows predominate on one of the (Achillea tomentosa), mossy green Irish bearded types, both large and small, in twelve "mountains" that were built in­ moss (Sagina subulata), and yellow Scotch colors both sumptuous and subtle; stately side the garden. Plants include Iris 'Kai­ moss (S. subulata 'Aurea'), dark-leaved wire spurias; exotic Japanese; hybrids of the ban Trail', flax, dwarf yarrow, golden vine (Muehlenbeckia), and gray Cerastium refined and graceful Pacific Coast natives; thyme, white-flowered Felicia amel­ tomentosum. and a host of less common species-there loides, Carex 'Evergold', and Tanace­ At the back of the garden a templelike are many other plants. In fact, the needs tum densum subsp. amani. gazebo with a slatted pyramidal roof juts of any plant that thrives in the Bay region

AMERI CAN HORTICULTURIST 13 what does well in the Bay area. Saponaria ocymoides cascades over a rock. Anacy­ Rx for Workers clus depressus and Bellis perennis nestle in niches where rocks meet. In recent months, research funded by ers with a view of natural elements, The gray of the fence, paving, seats, the National Aeronautics and Space such as trees and flowers, felt that their boulders, and buildings is a perfect foil for Administration has been cited as show­ jobs were less stressful and were more the bright flowers . Some of the harder-to­ ing that plants in office buildings may satisfied with their jobs than others who place colors are planted near gray foliage make them more healthy for workers had no outside view or who could see that serves the same purpose. Homeria by removing pollutants in the air. Other only human-built elements from their breyniana 'Aurantiaca', a bulb with flow­ studies show that plants add enough windows. They also reported fewer ers a bit like miniatu.re apricot-colored humidity to closed work environments headaches and other ailments. daylilies with a darker orange eye, is set to bring the air to the point where it is Some of the activities that the em­ against a lichened dark gray rock hugged considered comfortable for human ployees identified as restorative in­ by the silver-felted leaves of a nonflow­ beings. cluded getting some physical exercise, ering lamb's-ears, Stachys byzantina 'Sil­ Yet other research shows that em­ walking out on a balcony, eating lunch ver Carpet'. The baby pink flowers of ployers need to do more than just stick outdoors, and sitting or eating near a bearded iris 'Pink Taffeta' are displayed a philodendron in a corner of the wait­ body of water. against a mat of Tanacetum densum subsp. ing room. A study by Kim Randall of Incredibly, workers may not even need amani, a carpeter with leaves like tiny sil­ Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State to do this to benefit from having nature ver feathers. The combination is spiced up University, presented this spring at a next door. In a new study, the Kaplans with sprays of red coralbells that save it symposium on the Role of Horticulture asked 600 workers how difficult it was from too-prettiness. in Human Well-Being and Social De­ for them to see out of their buildings, A dominant color theme in each part of velopment, indicated that workers pre­ what they saw, and how likely it was the garden makes it easier for the owners fer to bring in their own indoor plants for them to take advantage of the view to place new plants. Strong pinks and blues to take care of. on a given day. They found that em­ predominate on a knoll planted with vi­ Nor should greenery be limited to ployees were likely to be happier in their olet-blue bearded iris 'Titan's Glory', bril­ what can be brought inside in a plastic jobs if they had access to a view, even liant blue Lithodora diffusa, rosy pink pot. Not only does gazing out a window if they rarely looked out at it. Diascia rigescens, blue sisyrinchiums, white not distract workers from the chores at There have been similar findings iberis, and a favorite pink snapdragon that hand, but access to a pleasing natural among students in college dormitories is perennial here. White and yellow is the view appears to enhance physica.\ health adjacent to an open field, and families theme on another knoll, with an iris called and reduce stress. living m:ar parks who didn't often visit 'Kaiban Trail', yellow flax (Linum fla­ Rachel and Stephen Kaplan, psy­ these facilities . Kaplan calls this a qual­ vum), dwarf yarrow (Achillea tomentosa), chologists at the University of Michigan ity of "thereness," which somehow golden variegated thyme, a yellow-striped who have conducted extensive research serves to provide a sense of a richness sedge (Carex morrowii 'Aurea-variegata'), on human responses to the environ­ of environmental possibilities. and white-flowered Felicia amelloides. ment, asked employees of two govern­ Many of the tall-bearded and large­ ment agencies and a private corpora­ -Kathleen Fisher flowered Japanese irises have been planted tion a number of questions relating to Kathleen Fisher is editor of American for quick color, and will gradually be elim­ their health and job satisfaction. Work- Horticulturist. inated to make way for the more delicate­ flowered species and hybrids that the Len­ nettes prefer. A small collection of species can be met somewhere in the garden. The employees can even find watercress to nib­ direct from China have recently been added. mounds and the fence offer north, south, ble on.) The many plants that like to get But although plants will change as the east, and west exposures. There is sharp their roots under rocks and paving are owners take over the selection process, the drainage at the top of the mounds, and amply provided for. Some of the protected bones of the garden are in place. Already moister spots at the bottom. (In the marsh, niches between rocks are not reached by it looks far more mature than it is, and it the sprinkler system, so plants that need seems certain that it will go from strong Right: Blue and pink are the colors on to be kept dry can be accommodated. to stronger. The Lennettes' employees are another mound. Here are planted Iris Providing extended color are some new, to be envied. Titan's Glory', Dianthus deltoides, unusual, or experimental plants, such as Lithodora diffusum, Delosperma, Iberis the white-flowered form of Felicia amel­ Pamela Harper, owner of the Harper sempervirens, snapdragons, Armeria loides. But most of the plants were selected Horticultural Slide Library, writes and maritima, Diascia, and blue-eyed grass. on the basis of Hand's long experience of lectures on horticultural topics.

14 AUGUST 1990

FOR THE BACI( OF lHE BORDER by Elisabeth Sheldon the border. But whih~ they do need staking (I never met a delphinium that didn't, no o you have trouble finding re­ matter what anyone says), at least it's not lia ble hardy perennials tall a major operation. Two or three light stakes enough for the back of the bor­ and one cord around the whole plant will der or the middle of island beds? do it. And although they too attract slugs, I've found a few that have proven mildew, and mites, they are longer-lived almostD flawless and some others that I per­ than the doubles. sist in planting although they are not with­ Another marvelous pure blue is to be out their irritating little ways. Let's start had in the Italian bugloss, Anchusa azurea, with the splendid plants that have some which can grow as high as five feet. Its regrettable tendencies and work our way coarse scratchy foliage isn't one of its charms up to those that can do no wrong-at least but it produces, early in June, masses of in my garden. tiny, brilliant blue, forget-me-not flowers. For eighteen or twenty years I've had (In North Africa you can come upon fields delphiniums, the big double ones, in the of this plant in bloom, a sea of blue to back of the border. There are probably half make you gasp.) However, in your garden, a dozen reasons for not growing them: when the performance is over and you cut they must be sprayed to prevent cyclamen it to the ground, it leaves a great gap, since mites, red spider mites, and mildew; they just one plant has been taking up a space suffer from leaf spot and stem borers and about equal to that of a wringer washing are irresistibly attractive to slugs, armies machine. Anchusa needs nearly perfect of which throw themselves on the emerg­ drainage because it has deep fleshy roots ing shoots and mow them to the ground; that tend to rot. Also, because of those they often fail to make it through the win­ roots it is difficult to move except when ter; and, worst of all, they're the very devil very small. to stake. Even if you stake each stem and I was reading in Louise Beebe Wilder tie a soft cord around it, when the flower recently that Thalictrum speciosissi­ head becomes laden with rainwater it bends mum-in my experience the tallest of the just at the cord, whereupon the top half meadow rues-doesn't need staking. Mine of the spike dangles toward the ground­ needs three stout posts and two or three a sad spectacle. I must admit that I tie each rounds of strong twine as it proceeds on flower spike in only two places, although its way to six feet or more before erupting I have read that I should tie it at one-inch into a froth of pale sulphur yellow sta­ intervals from bottom to top! For heaven's mens. (Perhaps mine is really T. flavum, sake - a person does have other things to which she says is even taller and does need do! Why we keep struggling with delphin­ staking?) The great mass of inflorescences iums I can't think-it's all for that brief may, in spite of my efforts to prevent it, period of splendor before the summer rain tip over after a storm. The intricately cut, hits. The sight of four or five fat spikes of blue-green foliage of this species makes it cobalt Delphinium elatum 'Blue Bird' look like a giant columbine and contrib­ standing in sunlight against the cream-col­ utes to the garden picture even after the ored feathery explosion of goatsbeard is dead flower stems have been removed. worth almost any amount of effort it takes Thalictrum, unlike columbine, preserves to produce it. Apparently. its pretty leaves all summer long. No dis­ The single delphiniums, D. x bella­ eases, no enemies for this one, and its pale donna 'Belladonna' and 'Bellamosum', are Above: Veronicastrum virginicum, a na­ yellow flowers go well with delphiniums. beautiful too, and bend but don't break tive of Northeastern woodlands and (Actually, I find-also in Wilder-that it's during a storm. I really shouldn't be talk­ meadows that grows up to seven feet an old favorite combination. I thought I ing about them here; they rise to only four tall, makes an elegant late summer plant. had invented it.) feet and can't be used in the very back of Right: 'Album'is a popular cultivar. Thalictrums come in lavender and dusty

16 AUGUST 199 0 Above photo by Jessie M. Harris ; right photo by Pamela Harper

pink as well as yellow. T. rochebrunianum low racemes up to five feet. A knockout. grows almost as tall as T. speciosissimum SOURCES On the edge of the same damp spot where and carries light purple flowers with yel­ Canyon Creek NUFsery, 3527 Dry Creek Road, your ligularias and rodgersias are growing low stamens. It doesn't seem to have the Oroville, CA 95965, (916) 533-2166, catalog you can have Cimicifuga racemosa as well. rambunctious spirit of T. speciosissimum. $1. When this Northeastern native feels ade­ Another frothy flopper is Clematis recta. Carroll Gardens, 444 East Main Street, P.O. quately nourished, when it has enough to This clematis is not a vine but a garden Box 310, Westminster, MD 21157, (301) 848- drink, and when the sunlight it n;lceives is perennial. I started out by putting it and 5422 or (800) 638-6334, catalog $2. filtered-restrained rather than relent­ e. recta 'Purpurea', a cultivar with smoky Crownsville Nursery, P.O. Box 797, Crowns­ less - it will create great clumps of toothed, ville, MD 21032, (301) 923-2212, catalog $2. purplish foliage, in mid border, but every twice-divided dark green leaves, from which year they grew taller-or should I say ascend, in midsummer, sometimes to a longer?-so I've had to move them back. temisia is not an aggressive colonizer, as height of eight feet, tall, dark, smooth, wiry When they were young, peony rings held are so many species of that genus. The stems that bear racemes of tiny white fra­ them up perfectly, allowing their tiny white clump merely becomes larger every year grant flowers, like long white candles. The flowers to cascade over the metal rings. and is easy to divide-you can have it impact is heightened, naturally, if they are Now they grow so much higher than the marching down the whole length of your grown against a dark background. Cimi­ hoops that they need tall stakes as well. garden, if you please. No problems, other cifuga certainly needs no stakes and mine Yet they are lovely plants that, as in the than the staking. gave me no trouble of any kind until the case of Thalictrum speciosissimum, give If you have a damp area where you need last two years when it has suffered from trouble only in the staking department. or can use tall subjects, you can plant some what I believe to be botrytis. I mean to The British assert that Artemisia lacti­ of the rodgersias and ligularias. They are treat it early next spring with a fungicide. flora (white mugwort) does not, even when becoming easier to find now than they were Cimicifuga simplex and its cultivars are it reaches six feet, require support. I quote a few years ago. One garden writer says shorter plants that bloom late; here in New from one eminent authority: " ... it is one that the rodgersias are too rarely grown York their charming white bottlebrush of the few tall herbaceous plants that are in American gardens, but that just might blossoms are frequently blasted by frost. absolutely self-supporting." Nor do Amer­ be because there have been so few of them e. simplex ramosa is a good tall plant, but ican writers I've consulted mentiolil the fact available and those few have been-and since it and its purple-leaved form bloom that two or three strong stakes must be set are-expensive. When they are grown in even later than e. simplex, I haven't tried around it before it flowers to keep its tall, rich, moist, or even boggy soil they display them. I'd love to be able to grow them, slim, straight stems from sprawling. They tremendously dramatic leaves-palmate, especially 'Atropurpurea', which is said to don't just curl over but fall straight down. in the case of the Chinese Rodgersia aescu­ be striking. One strong cord attached to the posts suf­ lifolia, which is probably the tallest one. Angelica archangelica would decorate fices to keep the plant erect. The leaves are deeply veined and tinted this same damp area and seed itself freely. This artemisia is a favorite of mine, not bronze, so splendid that the plant already All the gardener has to do is remove the only because it is an imposing presence in has contributed more than its share of volunteers that become too numerous. Both the back of the border with its dark green, beauty before it sends up its huge panicles the thrice-compound leaves and the huge finely cut foliage, but because of the sweet, of small cream-to-pink flowers. umbels of small whitish flowers on the six­ far-carrying fragrance of its small, creamy There are several species of rodgersia in to-seven-foot plant are attractive. It pro­ white flowers, borne in tapered panicles circulation. I've been struggling to satisfy vides architectural interest, as the garden well above the mass of leaves. It flowers one plant of R. podophylla, which never designers say. Angelica will grow happily at the best time of year, when summer is seems to get its required quota of water in in sun or part shade, so long as it has turning into autumn, the oppressive heat my garden. I've finally built it a kind of enough moisture. Since the seed doesn't is drawing off, the air is tender, slightly sunken plastic bathtub that has cheered it remain viable for long, your best bet, if misty, gold-spulil. The scent of the arte­ up somewhat. It really is silly of me to try you want to get it started, is to beg seed misia blossoms mingles with that of the to accommodate that plant and its com­ from someone who grows it and sprinkle field asters al'ld the surprisingly exotic per­ panion, Ligularia japonica. Both of them it, in the fall, where you want it to grow. fume of Queen-Anne's-lace. just hang in there and visibly yearn to be All over the world candied angelica stalks If you have enough white mugwort you moved to the edge of a pond, but in a wet are used in cakes and puddings, much as can cut the huge panicles of flowers before summer they're so spectacular that I can't vanilla is used here. Its delicious flavor they turn brown and hang and dry them bear to part with them. The ligularia has makes a nice change from vanilla, espe­ for winter wreaths or bouquets. This ar- huge yellow daisylike flowers on tall sturdy cially in cheese cake. stems and the rodgersia carries its many Everybody knows about putting bee balm Filipendula rubra 'Venusta', or queen­ small yellow flowers on spikes. The best­ in the back of the border, and tall daylilies of-the-prairie, grows up to eight feet tall known ligularia is probably L. stenoce­ as well, so I won't deal with either in detail. and does best in cool, moist climates. phala 'The Rocket', which shoots its yel- They are a great solace, especially good

Pholo by Dick Keen AMERICAN HORTI CU LTURIST 19 old Hemerocallis 'Hyperion', which takes rubra 'Venusta' -queen-of-the-prairie, and all kinds of abuse and comes smiling 50 it is. If you have a big stand of it (and through, holding its perfumed lemon it does slowly annex territory) you will cut trumpets five feet up into the wind and it all to the ground in the fall. In the spring, sun, needing no props, no spraying, no out of the expanse of wasteland, emerge diagnoses of mysterious afflictions. Such shiny red shoots that quickly rise to unfurl a plant endears itself to the overworked, great jagged dark green glossy compound overanxious gardener who, by planting lots leaves, almost as handsome as those of of 'Hyperion' in his border, frees himself rodgersia. Up they all go, making a forest, to hover uneasily over exigent alpines. then, in July or August, depending on where Goatsbeards (Aruncus dioicus, formerly you live, the fireworks begin. On six-to­ sylvestris), the ones standing behind the eight-foot stems appear huge, flat-topped delphiniums, are superb plants only to be panicles of fluffy pink flowers. Spectacu­ faulted for their tendency to strike back lar, simply spectacular. If a really bad storm when they feel they are being neglected. comes, the stems do tend to lean after­ Like many of the astilbes, whom they greatly wards, but they don't fall to the ground. resemble, they cause their leaf edges to No disease has appeared here on this fine brown and curl when their allotment of American plant. It does its best in rich water doesn't come up to expectations. moist soil, but performs heroically even This, of course, is usually in late summer under adverse circumstances. after their flowering has finished. Still, it's I have considered another native, Ve­ irritating to have fine foliage that one has ronicastrum virginicum, to be in many ways counted on as background for other plants my best tall plant. But now, looking at the fail to carry out its assignment. While they picture and description of V. virginicum are in their glory they are indeed\glorious, 'Album' in the new Ruth Clausen and Ni­ each plant, about four feet by four feet to colas Ekstrom perennial book, I'm begin­ begin with, adding another foot and a half ning to think that, lovely as my species of cream-colored feathery blossoms on plants are, I haven't seen anything yet. Mine branched panicles. Above: Anchusa azurea. Right: The el­ are certainly not as stout and showy as the Some of the delphiniums I was grum­ egant foliage of Angelica archangelica. cultivar in the picture, whose white flower bling about earlier have been replaced by spikes appear to be four or five times as three different plants. These are the teach­ as they would beside a stream or pond, long as mine. Nevertheless, the species is er's pets because they never behave badly. but they grow tall enough - four and a half a fine plant, with straight tall stems that The first is Japanese iris which, while to five feet anyway. So far-and mind you provide perpendicular lines and evenly we are still trying to pronounce "kaemp­ I'm not ruling out the possi bility that spaced whorls of pointed, toothed leaves feri, " we are now told to call Iris ensata. someone will invent a whole collection of that make horizontal ones. Even when, in Never mind, we all know what we mean: Japanese iris diseases-so far they've been late summer, it is carrying pointed racemes those tall, slim-leaved irises that people say clean and content, busy, in their season, of white flowers on its four-to-seven-foot are difficult and that must be grown by a breaking into breathtakingly beautiful stems, it never keels over, no matter what stream with a sluice gate 50 that they can blossoms in white, lavender, rose, purple, the weather does. I wonder if V. virginicum have water one season and not the next. blue, and various combinations of these, 'Album' will be so brave? Is it water when they're blooming or when variously spotted, veined, and striped. I they're not blooming? Or while they're can't tell you what a joy they are! They Elisabeth Sheldon is the author of dormant? Someone who saw them grow­ do not get viruses or borers, they do not A Proper Garden. ing in Japan came back and told us one crash to the ground when it rains, they do or the other. But the amazing discovery not require daily deadheading and their Perennials for American Gardens by that I, and probably a lot of other people, foliage remains attractive and persistently Ruth Clausen and Nicolas Ekstrom, have made during the last few years is that vertical all summer. If you take seed from which Elisabeth Sheldon uses as a ref­ they require neither the stream nor the sluice a friend or buy it from a seedhouse you'll erence for this article, is among the gate. They do like soil on the acid, rather be bound to raise some serviceable purple 700 selections in the American Hor­ than limey side, but after that they seem and red-violet ones, at least, and a few very ticultural Society's Gardener's Book to be perfectly happy in the border, planted fancy ones. Of course you can buy elegant Service. The $35 hardcover book is deep, mulched with compost or silage, get­ cultivars from a nursery. available to AHS members for $29.75. ting water only when the rest of the garden The second of these paragons is a plant Order #RAN022. gets it. Admittedly, they don't grow as tall that is known in the trade as Filipendula

20 AUGUST 1990 Above photo by Jessie M. Harris ; right photo by Ann Reilly: PHOTO/NATS

GARDENING CHALLENGES

GETTING A HAND ON

abundant with negative ions that help to Story and Photos by Mary Ann Evans recharge living cells. No wonder beach va­ cationers feel a sense of well-being! Even o any gardener who has ever in coastal areas that receive minimal rain­ held a fistful of rich loam, gar­ fall, such as southern California, life-giv­ dening in sand might seem like ing sea mists toll inland to nourish the an impossible task. I was faced tropical vegetation. with that task three years ago The typical New England landscape may whenT I settled on the sandy soil of the New appear harsher and drier than that of Cal­ Jersey shore after having gardened for over ifornia. Instead of cliff houses jutting out twenty years on a variety of soils in both of the terrain on stilts, weather-stained northern New Jersey and upstate New cottages nestle low to the ground, where York. I have found sand to be both a chal­ low-growing thyme, silver mound arte­ lenging, and yet easy, growing medium. misia, lavender, bayberry, juniper, and scrub Coastal gardening has been a struggle pine cling tenaciously, their blue-green, gray, ever since the Pilgrims' first attempt some and silvery foliage complementing the sea 370 years ago. Because they clung to the and sky. gardening techniques they had used in their Those who garden here are faced with homeland, their initial harvests would have the same problems as the first settlers; many been extremely disappointing if not for the transplanted inlanders make the same mis­ helpful intervention of the natives. takes as the Pilgrims by trying to incor­ More than 200 years later, their de­ porate inland techniques and plant vari­ scendants had apparently learned a thing eties unsuitable to the environment. or two. During his investigative visits to Thousands of dollars worth of fertilizer Cape Cod, Henry David Thoreau wrote in and pesticides as well as millions of gallons his journals that he was amazed at the of water are wasted on the upkeep of in­ variety of fruits and vegetables that the appropriate lawns and plantings. fishermen/farmers harvested out of the sand. Lawns, besides being out of place in a Much corn was reportedly raised in East­ coastal community, are extremely difficult ham. Indigenous plants that grew in abun­ to establish on acid, sandy soil. If coastal dance there included beach pea (Lathyrus residents must have a lawn, they will do japonicus), blueberry, huckleberry, beach best to choose seed mixtures high in fescue. plum, shadbush, and boxberry. (Strange Some alternatives to a grass lawn are car­ that he did not record seeing any bayberry, peting varieties of plants such as chamo­ since it is so prolific in the area today.) mile and thyme. That plant life is abundant on the na­ The key to successful gardening in sand tion's shores should not be surprising. The is observing what is growing naturally in coastal environment possesses an invigor­ the coastal environment. Those with ating atmosphere of mineral-rich alf, beachfront property may find dusty-miller

22 AUGUST 1990 (Artemisia stellerana), beach grasses, ice plants, or other low-growing herbaceous natives. Between the dunes, bayberry, holly, beach plum, or sea grape may be growing. Further inland where there is protection from the wind and salt spray could be some red cedars, pines, palms, or scrub oaks. Sand's advantages are also its draw­ backs. It is easy to work and allows for excellent drainage, but it lacks essential organic matter and nutrients. Many native plants won't object to the lack of fertility and water retention. For those that need more of both, a harmonious solution is to use natural r<:'sources close at hand. • Kelp and other seaweeds can be ap­ plied - fresh or washed - as mulches, or be worked into the soil to improve water retention. Seaweed is high in potash (five percent) and trace elements, and a good source of magnesium sulphate. Tomatoes and potatoes benefit greatly from a dose of seaweed. • Fish make an excellent fertilizer. They should be buried at least eighteen inches below the plant. • Ground crab shells make a good ferti­ lizer, and crushed seashells are useful as a mulch. Whole seashells can be used to dec­ orate flower borders. Of course, there are natural and readily available substances not unique to the shore that can be used to supplement and amend marine soil. Some good choices for ferti­ lizers are composted cow manure, dried blood (high in nitrogen), bone meal (high in phosphorus), cottonseed meal (a good fertilizer for acid soils, high in nitrogen with small percentages of phosphorus and potash), or wood ashes (a source of phos­ phorus and potash). Adding compost, leaves, peat moss, or topsoil will help improve water retention. Mulches will also help by slowing evap­ oration of the soil around plants, but get­ ting them to stick to sand can be difficult unless the soil is thoroughly soaked before they're applied. Some good bets for mulch­ ing are wood chips (add nitrogen fertilizer first); peat moss (incorporate with a little sand and apply one inch deep); pine needles (good for acid-loving plants such as straw-

Planting grasses, such as American beach grass, can help prevent erosion.

AMERICAN HO RTICULTURI ST 23 berries, it should be applied one to two inches deep); oak leaves (also great for acid lovers, they should be applied two to three inches deep); and salt hay and straw (be SOME SAND sure it's free of seeds). It's crucial for seaside gardeners to know LOVERS TO TRY the pH of their sand, especially if they want to establish any sand-loving plants not in­ digenous to their area. Most coastal areas possess a relatively fine, alkaline sand be­ DUNE GRASSES cause it contains crushed seashells. Further inland, the sandy soils are coarser and more acidic. Since I live one mile inland from the bay and three miles from the ocean, my sandy soil is on the aoid side. To help sweeten the soil for plants that prefer a higher pH, my usual choice is lime. Hydrate of lime is faster acting than ground limestone or ground oyster shells, and it enables sandy soil to retain more moisture as well as al­ lowing fertilizer nutrients to become more available to plants; it should be applied two weeks or more before adding fertilizer or the fertilizer nutrients will be lost. (Hy­ drate of lime has already united its calcium with water, so it will not burn plants as quicklime will.) Wood ashes can also be

yarrow.

ANNUALS

sage . .

f Above: Seashells have been given a new .. life as an edging for a tulip bed.

24 AUGUST 1990 used to sweeten soil and will add phos­ phorus and potash at the same time. Oceanfront gardeners can increase acid­ ity by incorporating oak leaves or hard­ wood sawdust. If you're unsure of your soil's pH, you can always send it out to be analyzed or use a store-bought kit to do it yourself. An easy at-home method is to shake a soil sample in a small jar with filtered or dis­ tilled water, add a teaspoon of clear am­ monia, and let it stand overnight. If the liquid is dark brown or black in the morn­ ing, your soil is acid. If it is light in color, the soil is more neutral or alkaline.

Sand's advantages

are also its

drawbacks. It is Seaweed serves as a mulch for this "salad bed."

easy to work and then I add composted cow manure and a I have suggested some plants that do sprinkling of bone meal and water it all well in sand in all or some locations along allows for excellent well. After sowing the seed, I cover it with our country's coastline. (See chart, page a mixture of peat moss and sand, pat it 24.) The list is by no means complete, and down to form a hollow and water again. you may find exceptions to the rule in your drainage~ but it More mulch and liquid fertilizer are added own garden trials. throhlghout the season. Watering long and Successful seaside gardening depends on deep encourages deeper roots that are bet­ an hlnderstanding of and cooperation with lacks essential ter able to find any available moisture. the unpredictable qualities of nature. By Vegetables suited to light soils include developing ecological practices that en­ organic matter and asparagus, beets, dwarf French beans, car­ hance the natural landscape, you win find rots, kale, lettuce, onions, peas, potatoes, sand cultivation a rewarding experience. radishes, and Swiss chard. Vegetables that nutrients. prefer an acid soil such as mine include Mary Ann Evans is a free-lance writer potatoes, tomatoes, squash, pumpkins, who lives in Toms River, New Jersey. onions, watermelons, be_ailS, carrots, and Soil should be prepared for planting with peppers. Members of the cabbage family This is the first in a series of articles an eye to retaining nutrients and water. are difficult to grow in acid sand, where about the challenges posed by When planting a shrub or bush, I like to they tend to suffer from club root, a prob­ gardening in different regions of the line my planting hole with a thick layer of lem that a dose of lime will help prevent. United States. In October: The leaves, and add composted cow manure In choosing landscape plants, know your challenge of gardening in New and bone meal. Them I position the plant climatic zone. The carpobrotus that blan­ Mexico...... and add some water. I replace the sand kets the Pacific coast might be tempting to Those who want to learn more around the roots and water again. The top try in your New England coastal garden, about gardening in sand may want inch or two of sand is mixed with peat but it would never survive the winter. to read Seaside Gardening by Susan moss, firmed down to form a hollow to Whether it's a Pacific coast landscape, a S. H,. Littlefield. The $12.95 collect water and watered again. Northeast seaside, or a Southern shore, paperback is $10.95 for AHS Preparing the vegetable bed is done in certain vegetation will be more adaptable members. Order #SIM039. a similar fashion. First I hoe out a trench, to one than another.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 25

help but react to them because their growth is so distinctive. When fasciation occurs, a plant part abandons normal symmetrical growth and grows rapidly in a single plane. Any grow­ ing part-including stems, flowers, fruits, and roots-can become fasciated. But the most observable and spectacular fascia­ tions occur in rapidly growing stems and flowers. The stem typically becomes large, flat, and ribbonlike, which leads to a re­ markable increase in flowers and leaves growing along its length. I have seen fas­ cia ted lily stems produce forty-five flowers bunched together across a single stem, while nearby, normal flowering stems are bear­ ing only thirteen to fifteen flowers. The word fasciation comes from the Latin word, fascia-to fuse. So in a broad sense, the fusion of plant parts - a driving force behind plant evolution - can be consid­ ered a form of fasciation. It is interesting to think of normal modern plant species as representing degrees of fasciation. The star magnolia (Magnolia 'stellata), with its many leaflike petals, is a good example of a primitive flower. Flowers are thought to have evolved from leaves that modified, folded, and fused to become the typical modern flowers containing sepals, petals, anthers, and a pistil. Thus highly evolved flowers usually have fewer flower petals. Are the fused flower petals of the Heath family-the cup-shaped flowers of mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia) and the bell-shaped flowers ofJapanese pieris (Pieris frequently find strawberry fruits with broad, larger fruit. The extreme example is the iaponica) -examples of fasciation? flattened tips typical of fasciation. The old fascia ted 'Beefsteak' tomato, which has over A more convincing case that fasciation strawberry cultivar 'Fairfax' consistently 200 locules in a single fruit. I was fasci­ played a role in plant evolution is found had a percentage of large, fascia ted fruits nated to observe in the 'Beefsteak' I grew in the development of fruit types. Two when the environmental conclitions were in my garden last summer that the flower striking examples are the apple and the favorable. parts, particularly the style, showed a typ­ strawberry. The portion of these fruits that The most extensively studied example ical fascia ted condition well before the fruit we eat is actually receptacle tissue. The of fasciation in modifying a fruit's shape developed. receptacle is part of the flower stem, which, is the tomato. In this case breeders, able Fasciations have fascinated botanists for in these cases, continues to grow and elon­ to determine which tomatoes carry the gene centuries. Descriptions and an illustration gate. The apple receptacle swells and grows responsible for fasciation, have used the of a fasciated pea called the "tufted," until it completely surrounds the seeds in­ fasciated condition to increase the fruit's "Scottish," or, more commonly, the side the fruit. Strawberry seeds (actually size. Originally, the wild tomato fruit con­ "mummy" pease (Old English for pea) can the small nutlike fruits) are distributed on tained only two locules-the seed cham­ be found in John Gerard's The Herbal! or top of the swollen red receptacle. One can bers inside the fruit. The cherry tomato is General! Historie of Plants and in John an example of this original condition. As Parkinson's Paradisium, both written in Previous page: A celosia showing ex­ the result of extensive breeding and selec­ the sixteenth century. The mummy pea is amples of linear and bifurcated fascia­ tion, all of today's large commercial to­ a selection that, when self-pollinated, breeds tion. Above: A fascia ted celosia still mato varieties are fasciated. This increases true from seed and always shows the fas­ growing in the garden. the number of locules, which results in ciated character: a typical fascia ted stem

28 AUGUST 1990 with all the flowers bunched together at are used in the culture medium. its top, rather than being produced in the As the result Fasciations can occur in plants for a leafaxils as occurs in normal peas. number of reasons. In many cases, they The mummy pea figured prominently in of extensive breeding come about through spontaneous muta­ the classic experiments with peas con­ and selection, all of tions in individual plants. In others, such ducted in 1866 by Gregor Mendel, the father as the mummy pea, fasciation becomes an of modern genetics. Fasciation was one of today's large commercial inherited trait. For gardeners, the most fa­ the seven pea characteristics Mendel se­ miliar inherited fasciation occurs in the lected for crossbreeding to illustrate his tomato varieties flower of the cockscomb celosia (Celosia concept of dominant and recessive traits. are fasciated. argentea var. cristata). While the colorful, He found that, in the pea, fasciation was contorted growing ridge that constitutes a homozygous recessive trait, so that when the celosia's flower is an inherited trait, normal and fascia ted parents were crossed, the size of the fascia ted stem and flower the next generation would have one fas­ begin normal symmetrical growth, then is easily influenced by the environmental cia ted plant for every three normalplants. gradually become more flat as the growing growing conditions. Mendel's classic paper went unnoticed point broadens, commonly to two to six The fact that the environment has al- and unappreciated by his contemporary inches wide. In the fascia ted cristate cacti ways played an important role in the scientific colleagues, who were preoccu­ forms, the growing ridge can reach several expression of heritable fasciation has made pied with the Darwinian concept of nat­ feet in width. genetic studies difficult. Environmental ural selection. The manuscript was inde­ Bifurcated fasciations are linear fascia­ conditions that favor rapid growth will pendently rediscovered thirty-five years later tions that split to produce a " Y" -shaped also favor the expression of fasciation. by three scientists, one of whom was Hugo double ribbon. In the multiradiate fascia- Sometimes fasciatioFls are induced by en­ de Vries, a Dutch geneticist who exten­ tion the stem is split into three or more vironmental conditions alone. The most sively studied fasciation in the genus Oen­ short branches. The ring fasciation is the common, nongenetic cause for fasciation othera (evening primrose). least common. Here the growing point folds is damage to the growing point caused by The prominent nineteenth-century bot­ over and fuses to form a funnel shape. I insects, disease, or physical injury. This anist Julius Sachs was also fascinated with have never seen a ring fasciation in nature, type of fasciation was demonstrated nicely fasciations. Sachs showed that if he re­ but it is a fairly common form of fasciation in experiments conducted by L. E. Loiseau moved the growing point above the cot­ in plants being propagated in tissue cul­ in 1954. Using tiny glass needles to phys­ yledon from rapidly growing bean seed­ ture. The potential for fasciation in tissue ically damage the growing point of im­ lings, the shoots that developed from the culture can be quite high, possibly because patiens, he produced fasciations in about cotyledonary buds would be fasciated. He of the high levels of growth regulators that thirty percent of the damaged plants. Fas- was hoping to prove or disprove a theory proposed a ceFltury earlier by Carl von Linnaeus, the father of ORr botanical no­ menclature system, who believed that fas­ ciations were the result of several growing points fusing. In 1840, A. MoquiFl-Tandon suggested an alternative hypothesis: that fasciations were the result of the original growing point changing to form one large growing ridge. Since then, anatomical investigations have shown that fasciations can occur via either route. Most of the naturally occurring fas­ ciations that have been studied arise from a single growing ridge, while many arti­ ficially induced fasciations show multiple, fused growing points. Stem fasciations can be linear, bifur­ cated, multiradiate or stellate, and ring­ shaped. Linear fasciations are the typical flat, ribbon-shaped stems. They can be very spectacular. It is common for the stem to Strawberries frequently have broad, flattened tips typical of fasciation.

AMERI CAN HORTICULTURIST 29

Left: When a stem is fascia ted, like that of this lily, it may produce many more leaves and flowers than normal.

ciations in garden asparagus have been at­ tributed to physical damage or pressure exerted on the growing point as it pushes through the soil. In the evening primrose, fasciations can be caused by damage to the growing point by the egg-laying activity of a moth. Gall wasps, caterpillars, and mites have been similarly blamed for inducing fasciations in a variety of plant species. The use of herbicides has inadvertently caused fasciations. Most commonly, this occurs when low levels of herbicides of the 2,4-D type are used for broadleaf weed control in lawns. Any drift of these chem­ icals into nearby vegetable or flower gar­ dens can cause herbicidal symptoms in sensitive plants. One such symptom can be a growth distortion similar to fascia­ tion. In most cases, it is not known whether the fasciations that occur in woody plants are heritable. However, the fascia ted char­ acter can be maintained by vegetative propagation through cuttings or grafts. Cultivars with the typical fasciated stem occur in several of the conifers including Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa. You will find these listed under descriptive cultivar names like 'Cristata', 'Torulosa', and 'Monstrosa'. Witches brooms-the mass of short shoots that forms in the tops of some conifers-have been called fasciations. These shoots do not have the typical flattened stems as­ sociated with stem fasciations, but are con­ sidered a multiradiate form of fasciation. Many of our dwarf conifers have been se­ lected from cuttings taken from witches brooms. Fasciations are more than a sideshow attraction of botanical oddities. Scientific interest in fasciations has persisted for cen­ turies and, although they have had com­ mercial importance in only a few species of ornamental and fruit crops, their rich history makes a rewarding study for any­ one who responds to the barker's call.

Dr. Robert Geneve is assistant professor of horticulture at the University of Kentucky.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 31

Planting Flowers or Pressing by JoAnn Gillespie

he Wisconsin growing season quickly led to a partnership with two spe­ is fleeting. Even before I began cialty shops. We found that there was a my own garden, watching growing market for this kind of card, and flower gardens spring into we retained the services of several profes­ color and then fade each year sional card designers to help us layout the Tled me to think about ways to keep the materials and construct the cards. blossoms. During our long gray winters, This activity centers around my pressed as I admired the flowers captured in the flower garden. From humble beginnings, photographs of garden catalogs, I began it has evolved into an organized growing to study the evolution of other arts and as valentines and collected as a reminder area that provides the flowers and foliage crafts that attempted to immortalize flower of those who had passed away were often we use in making our cards. We try to take blossoms. woven into the pressed flower pictures. a scientific approach to the flowers we press: From ancient times people studied flow­ The finished artwork was then framed with we keep phenological records of when each ering plants, committing their color and cherry or pear wood. species blossoms, its color and height, and form to sketches. Much of this horticul­ My own initial experiences with press­ pressing characteristics. It is an activity I tural artwork has been work of great beauty ing flowers began twelve years ago, after never tire of. In the winter we check out and detail. Yet these remain reproduc­ my late husband and I built a home on new varieties of commercially available tions. I wanted a way to preserve the beauty twenty-one acres of land in a suburb of flowering plants, looking for new colors, of the blossoms themselves. This desire Milwaukee, where many beautiful flowers shapes, and textures. prompted the beginning of my experience were mine for the picking. But these early I started the garden in what had been in the art of flower pressing. efforts were disappointing; as the dried an area of lawn, removing the grass and Pressing flowers was a popular art dur­ pressed flowers were exposed to air, the loosening the soil. On top went a mixture ing Victorian times. In the beginning young colors of the petals were slowly lost. of three parts topsoil to one part sand, Victorian women gathered seaweed during Undaunted, I began to experiment with mounded up to two feet above the sur­ low tide. The delicate fronds were placed different varieties of plaflts. I prepared a rounding turf and gradually sloping to meet between several sheets of blotting paper raised flower bed near our house, with the lawn. and pressed between the pages of a book. many of my favorite annuals, biennials, Taller flowers such as cosmos, lark­ The dried and pressed seaweed was used and perennials. I soon discovered that the spurs, cleomes, and delphiniums are on to make pictures. During the 1850s these blossoms would retain their color after top, offering shade to the shorter flowers­ budding artists began pressing flowers to pressing if protected from the air with clear many of them cold-season or early fl ow­ add to their seaweed designs. Leaves and contact paper or acetate. I also began to ering plants such as violas, pansies, and feathers were attached. Locks of hair given use leaves from various plants and trees to Shirley poppies-seeded or planted at the create backgrounds for these pressed and base. Between them are columbines, per­ Left: Queen-Anne's-lace, hibiscus, a yel­ protected petals. ennial verbenas, and some fern s. The seeded low rose petal, and statice are combined Once my pressed flowers were thus ac­ species are covered with a fine layer of soil in a note card. Above: Larkspur {Jowers, centuated, mounted, and protected from and sphagnum moss; the moss is an ex­ Johnny-jump-ups, and cleome petals and air, I was proud enough of the results to cellent germinating medium and serves as stamens enhance a small gift card. want to share them with my friends. This a retainer of moisture and as a mulch for

Designs by The Art of Flower Pressing AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 33

young seedlings. We have had great success starting this part of the garden from seed mixes. I have Some Flowers especially liked the "Everlasting" and "Cottage Garden" collections of flower seed That Press Well from Shepherd's Garden Seeds in Califor­ nia. From such a source you may obtain Name Color Time of Bloom Annual/ individual species useful for pressing, such as Agrostemma, cornflowers, foxgloves, Perennial canterbury-bells, semi-dwarf delphiniums, plum to pink and hollyhocks. I obtain other perennials Agrostemma June to August annual for my garden - Mertensia, Aquilegia, love­ in-a-mist (Nigella) , and small petunias­ Artemisia silver grown for foliage perennial from Mileager's, a trusted source in Ra­ cine, Wisconsin. A good mix of plants will Cleome white, pink, July to September annual give some attention to flowering periods, lavender so that there will be blossoms to press throughout the growing season. Each year Columbine assorted colors June perennial I experiment with and test new species to expand the collecting period. Coralbells coral June to August perennial Don't be limited to your cultivated gar­ den; some flowers generally considered Cosmos white, pink, July to August annual weeds produce beautiful specimens for orange, red pressing. Good wildflower selections in­ clude Queen-Anne's-Iace (Daucus carota), Delphinium light to dark June to August perenFlial the lovely dandelion (Taraxacum officin­ blue ale), and birdsfoot trefoil (a clover of the genus Trifolium). But remember, before Jacob's-Iadder lavender June perennial cutting any native wildflowers, please con­ sult identification books and endangered Johnny-jump-up purple, yellow, May to July annual species lists. Never collect where there are and white only a few specimens evident, and always leave some flowers and foliage to allow Larkspur pink, white, bible May to June annual the native plants to continue growth and reproduction. Lobelia red, light blue August to September perennial You should start to harvest the flowers of your labor as soon as the blossoms begin to appear. Go out with scissors and basket Nigella white, pink, blue June to Jblly annual after the dew has left the plants. In Wis­ consiFl I choose flowers between 11 a.m. Pansy assorted colors May to July annual and 1 p.m. Plants left with any spots of moisture will encourage mildew on the plant Queen-Anne's-laGe white July to August perennial itself and may spread to other plants in the press. The cut flowers can be pressed Scabiosa wine June perennial whole or in parts. Some entire flowers are too thick for pressing without separating Shirley poppy pink, white, April to May annual the petals; in these cases I reconstruct the Fose, salmon, flower after the individual parts are sep­ crimson arated and pressed. A good flower press is necessary to exert Verbena white, red, pink, June to August perennial pressure evenly on the flowers. I use a wood lavender

Left: Here, a columbine is set off by Viola light blue, deep May to July annual Queen-Anne's-lace, Johnny-jump-ups, yellow and rose petals.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 35

. . . ' ..' ," .

"

.. '. J(lt,Y . " . I. JOHNNY-JUMP-UPS <0. p.. Q VEL I ~ I AS II. LA~{<::.S P\.Jf2-.5 2. VIoLAS 7. S\-\ lie...- LI::Y POPP 1E S 12..CLEONES :'. PAl'J SIE.S 8. n:'R.-NS 13.COSMOS 4. AI<..I~MISIA ':'. V'E\<.BENf>.,.t; 14. QVEEN-ANNe:.'S-LACE 5. A~R05TEtv'\MAS 10.0 E: LPH IN I VMS

press with wing nuts and washers. A handy holding the contact paper by each side, person can easily make a press or one can bend it into a "U" shape to help break the be purchased from various retail or mail­ SOURCES static field so the flowers will not move order companies. The flowers, or sepa­ Shepherd's Garden Seeds, 6116 High­ around. Lay the contact paper on top of rated p@tals, are placed on paper towels, way 9, Felton, CA 95018, (408) 335- the flowers. Working from the center, rub then layered in corrugat@d cardboard and 5311, catalog $l. out all the air and trim the cards. Cards placed in the press. I suggest using a paper Mileager's Gardens, 4838 Douglas Av­ may be placed back in the press for twenty­ towel without embossing since even a small enue, Racine, WI 53402-2498, (800) four hours to completely seal the design. mark will transfer to the flowers during 325-0305, catalog $l. This process has given me much delight. pressing. Using tissue isn't a good choice The Art of Flower Pressing, Si 5 W20755 Growing flowers for pressing can lead you either; most contain perfumes and don't Field Drive, Muskego, WI 53150, (414) down many paths. Today we have an ac­ breathe well so flowers won't dry properly. 679-9560, catalog free. tive and growing cottage industry based After the flowers dry-most flowers take on our pressed-flower cards, candles, and a minimum of one week-they may be soaps. A pressed-flower garden that we stored in resealable plastic bags. A piec€ grounds to the pressed flowers can be made have planted at Forest Ridge, a nearby re­ of typing paper in the bag will increase visually interesting with the use of leaves tirement community, is in its second year. rigidity. It is important to seal the bags from trees such as the ginkgo and the min­ The residems of Forest Ridge cut and press since the flowers will fade when exposed iatureJaparoese maple. Fem leaves and other the flowers from this garden for our use to air. The paper towels and cardboard foliage such as artemisia or sedges (Carex in cards. Although they can no longer can be recycled and used for the next press­ spp.) also serve no accentuate and com­ maintain their own individual yards, the ing project. plement the pressed blossoms. Many house pressed-flower activities give them a gar­ Much of the fun in a pressed-flower gar­ plants can also be pressed. Spider plant den to work with. We have also shared den comes in the excitement of planning leaves, rabbit's-foot fern, poinsettia bracts, our knowledge by giving workshops on and experimentation. We are limited only and anthurium are all good choices. Such pressed flowers at garden clubs and at cen­ by our imagination in what we construct materials are harvested, pressed, and stored ters such as Milwaukee's Boerner Botan­ with our cards. We have found that back- in the same way as the garden flowers. ical Gardens and the Wehr Nature Center. To construct cards, cut heavy paper to Try flower pressing, and see where your Left: A bright yellow pansy is comple­ the size and shape desired and add any personal path might lead. mented by mu/Jein, rose petals, baby's personalization. Next arrange the pressed breath, and Japanese maple leaves. flowers on the card. Cut a piece of clear JoAnn Gillespie is co-owner of The Art Above: One possible plan for a pressed contact paper one-eighth inch larger than of Flower Pressing in Muskego, flower garden, the card. Peel off the paper backing and, Wisconsin.

Garden plan based on an illustration by Gail Moede AMERI CAN HO RTI CULTURIST 37

ADVICE FROM RIVER FARMIEY MARY BETH WIESNER Gardens at Live Forever

whole collections die waiting for wills to heirs to let them buy the land and conserve be settled and property to change hands. it as a public garden. In 1978, the Friends "You are responsible Rae Selling Berry was a well-known of Rae Selling Berry was formed under the forever for what you have tamed." Portland, Oregon, plantswoman and an umbrella of the Oregon Nature Conser­ - Antoine de Saint Exupery, avid collector of primulas, rhododen­ vancy and members began raising funds The Little Prince drons, and alpine plants, many of them to acquire the site. Later that year the Berry rare plants collected from expeditions to Botanic Garden was opened to the public. China and the Himalayas. Her ten-acre Berry's story is an unusual one. Most t's not uncommon for gardeners to garden became a personal refuge for exotic gardeners will do better using foresight devote a lifetime to acquiring and and endangered species. rather than trusting to such good fortune, caring for their plants and shaping When Berry died in 1976 her heirs say professionals who help establish public the landscape in which they grow: planned to sell the property to a developer gardens and smooth the inheritance process. finding the perfect fall bloomer for who intended to subdivide the residential Elizabeth Sullivan, assistant to the di­ Ithe back corner of the garden; providing plot. But the gardening community, fear­ rector at the American Association of Bo­ a sanctuary for rare or exotic natives; nur­ ing that the unique plants Berry had col­ tanical Gardens and Arboreta (AABGA), turing friendships by sharing cuttings with lected would be destroyed, convinced the suggests that planning to preserve a garden gardening Ghums; amassing a collection of a favorite genus or species. Yet when the gardener dies, that pre­ cious collection may be lost in a matter of months. Unlike stocks and bonds, it will not survive in a safe deposit box. And un­ like the family diamonds, its value may not be fully appreciated by the survivors. Even if the property remains in the family, relatives may lack the funds or expertise to maintain it. If the heirs sell the site, the new owners may not be interested in the same plants-or any plants at all. Arly plants not carefully recorded may be removed by new owners unaware of their value or, if they are dormant, their existence. Even if gardens are willed to local horticultural organizations, the story may not have a happy ending if the owners have failed to leave money for thei·r care. In too many instances, beloved and beautiful gardens will fall into neglect and

Left: Thanks to the Friends of Rae Sell­ ing Berry, visitors are able to enjoy Rho­ dodendron chamae-thomsonii on the patio of the Berry Botanic Garden.

Photo by Linda A. McMahan: illustration by Margaret Scott AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 39 should begin with an honest appraisal of tern, depending on its potential uses for twenty-eight acres of undeveloped wood­ whether or not the garden is worth pre­ education or recreation. If your property lands that the Blisses donated not to Har­ serving as a garden. Does it have horti­ also has historic value, your state or local vard, but to the National Park Service. cultural significance? Is it unique to the historical society may be interested. Parks departments at various levels of gov­ area? One such property was Dumbarton Oaks, ernment may be interested in acquiring "It's important to have your property a garden set on sixteen acres in Washing­ gardens that can be converted to parks or evaluated by a professional horticulturist ton, D.C., that was designed by Beatrix public gardens. In 1974, Los Angeles and to take a detailed inventory of the Jones Farrand over fifty years ago. Farrand County accepted a very different type of plant material involved," says Sullivan. The was still finishing the project when, in 1940, property from Virginia Robinson. When horticulturist can help with the inventory, owners Robert Woods Bliss and Mildred Robinson died in 1977, her Beverly Hills which should include each plant's full bo­ Barnes Bliss donated Dumbarton Oaks to tanical and cultivar name, its source (nurs­ Harvard University, Mr. Bliss's alma ma­ Below: The Berry Botanic Garden was ery, greenhouse, cuttings, etc.), its age and ter. The property, which was generously created to preserve an outstanding col­ size, and how many of each are on the endowed by the Blisses, includes a neo­ lection ofprimulas, rhododendrons, and property. Georgian mansion, a garden library of over alpine plants. Primula poissonii, shown If the horticulturist agrees that the gar­ 1,500 books including reference works and here, is a native of China. Right: One den is worth preserving as a whole, you rare botanical books, and museum collec­ of the Garden Conservancy's first proj­ may be able to donate the property to a tions of Byzantine and pre-Columbian art. ects is Ganna Walska Lotusland in Santa university or to a state or county park sys- Adjacent to Dumbarton Oaks was Barbara, California.

40 AUGUST 1990 Photo courtesy of Berry Bolanic Garden estate became part of the Los Angeles bility considerations (ownership, scope of County Department of Arboreta and Bo­ effort, scale and access, community, man­ "A real garden where one tanic Gardens, and in 1982 it was opened agement, and maintenance). for public tours. The six acres boast a series can enter in and forget the whole "Once the conservancy agrees to spon­ of patio gardens on terraced hillsides fea­ world cannot be made in sor a garden," says Adezio, "our role can turing a lush palm grove of tropical and a week or a month or a year. take on various forms. We may assist with subtropical specimens and a rose garden. It must be planned for, and waited local fund raising, identify local horticul­ The property also has historical signifi­ tural management, or set up a local ad­ for, and loved into being." cance; the estate was one of the first res­ visory board. We have a strong feeling that idences in Beverly Hills. - Chinese proverb the local community has to be involved. Do check with the chosen organization Once the structure is in place and running, before you include the bequest in your will­ the Garden Conservancy turns everything some accell't only property that is endowed that both landscape architects and plants­ over to the local administration, but is still because they lack the funds or staff avail­ men respect and admire." The conservan­ available for technical assistance." able to maintain the garden. In other cases, cy's selection criteria are extensive, in­ The group is currently working with two your garden may not fit the organization's cluding aesthetic considerations (setting, gardens in California, the Ruth Bancroft mission or goals. It's a good idea to sit overall design, use of plants, quality of Garden in Walnut Creek, a four-acre col­ down with your financial advisor and the architectural features, integration into nat­ lection of exotic desert plants (see Amer­ appropriate park or university staff to work ural and architectural settings); horticul­ ican Horticulturist, October 1989) and out an agreement beneficial to everyone tural considerations (quality of plants, cul­ Ganna Walska Lotusland in Santa Bar­ involved. tural conditions, uniqueness of collection, bara. Lotusland is the thirty-seven-acre es­ A national organization devoted to pre­ diversity of habits, representation of a par­ tate of the late Madame Ganna Walska, serving gardens of merit is the Garden ticular group of plants); historical/cultural and is named for the lotus pond that is the Conservancy, formed in 1989. The group's considerations (representation of the style focus of the estate's Japanese garden. The role is to "encourage and facilitate the of the period in which it was built, special plant collections - aloes, bromeliads, cacti, preservation of exceptional gardens," cultural, local, or ethnic significance, sig­ cyads, and palms-are well known for their says Antonia Adezio, the conservancy's nificant work of a well-known designer or scientific as well as aesthetic value. director. landscape architect, illustration of devel­ Adezio says the organization hopes to Conservancy founder Frank Cabot de­ opment of a region, relation of people to identify exceptional gardens for preser­ fines an exceptional garden as "a garden the land at a point in history); and feasi- vation elsewhere in the United States. They

Photo courtesy 01 Ganna Walska Lotusland AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 41 are considering three Eastern gardens, in­ rhododendron hybrids. For thirty-five years, cluding one with extraordinary Asian and Delp had given away his rhododendron rock garden collections and another de­ SOURCES "children" to admirers, but was unable to signed by an important American land­ To locate a botanical garden or arbo­ deduct the expenses from his taxes. Con­ scape designer. retum in your area contact the Ameri­ tributions to the foundation allowed the To begin the process that will transform can Association of Botanical Gardens Delps to rebuild greenhouses lost in a fire a garden from private to public, the con­ and Arboreta, 786 Church Road, last year. The Delps can deduct any of their servancy asks ten pages of questions: type Wayne, PA 19087. own money that they donate to the foun­ of garden (dry, formal, landscape, meadow, dation; other donors also receive tax ben­ perennial, rock, topiary, water, wood­ To receive a survey form or member­ efits and may in turn acquire Weldon's land), outstanding features, condition, de­ ship information call or write the Gar­ seedlings. sign history and significance, current ac­ den Conservancy, Box 219, Main Another funding option, suggests Ber­ cess and visitation and community attitude Street, Cold Spring, NY 10516, nice Newmark, former executive director towards visitation, conditions of the gar­ (914) 265-2029. of the National Association of Charitable den and facilities, and possible threats to For more information on land trusts Estate Counselors, is taking out a life in­ the garden (adjacent development, deer contact the Land Trust Alliance, 900 surance policy or annuity with the garden browsing, insects, disease, noxious weeds, 17th Street, N.W., Suite 410, Wash­ as beneficiary. Trusts can also be set up, overvisitation). Site plans and photo­ ington, DC 20006, (202) 785-1410. but Newmark warns that they may be a graphs are also requested. more expensive proposition. Again, it's wise For more information on the National These completed questionnaires are re­ to consult an attorney or financial advisor Foundation, Inc. write or call NFl, viewed by a ten-member screening com­ before deciding on a strategy. Suite 340 Heritage Building, 7617 Lit­ mittee, currently chaired by Marco Polo Limited financial backing is not the only tle River Turnpike, Annandale, VA Stufano, director of horticulture at Wave major stumbling block to establishing a 22003, (703) 642-8245. Hill in Bronx, New York. Committee public garden. As manager of a private members then make site visits to the most For help in locating a financial plan­ Pennsylvania estate making the transition promising gardens. ner write the National Association of to a semipublic garden, Christopher Woods Another route for preserving an entire Charitable Estate Counselors, Box feels that good communications and public garden could be donating or selling it to 6097, West Palm Beach, FL 33405. relations are also essential. "The neighbors one of the country's 800 land trusts, which may be happy about having a beautiful protect natural, recreational, scenic, ag­ garden in the neighborhood while the owner ricultural, historic, or cultural property in exempt organization pays no tax on its is alive, but when he decides to go public urban, suburban, and rural areas. Ninety income and all contributions made to it they might quickly become unhappy," percent of them accept land donations; sixty are tax-deductible for the donors. Help in Woods says. "Most people think public percent buy land for conservation. Over setting up such charitable organizations gardens are all like Longwood Gardens seventy percent of all land trusts accept can be obtained from an attorney or a with hordes of people and loads of school conservation easements that place per­ financial planner or the National Foun­ buses." Open communication may divert manent legal restrictions on future devel­ dation, Inc. (NFl), a tax-exempt group rec­ this kind of opposition. opment. Kathy Barton, associate director ognized by the Internal Revenue Service Although Lotusland was well endowed of the Land Trust Alliance, says that many and the courts. The services that NFl pro­ by Madame Ganna Walska, its trustees land trusts do not accept gardens, but all vides to fledgling foundations include found that many of its neighbors were quite have their own criteria and prefer to ne­ serving as the project's main office, so its concerned about the potential increase in gotiate on an individual basis. backers won't need to rent office space; traffic that might be associated with a pub­ To the organization debating whether secretarial, bookkeeping, accounting, and lic garden. It has been a sensitive issue, and to accept a garden, a fascinating history legal services; keeping payroll records; dis­ the Garden Conservancy is assisting Lo­ and outstanding plants may not weigh as bursing consulting fees and salaries; de­ tusland trustees with their efforts to obtain heavily as whether funds are available to positing donations; and writing disburse­ the permits necessary to open the garden begin the conversion process and keep the ment checks. on a restricted basis. garden running in the future. Nonprofit Setting up a foundation can offer ad­ As Berry Botanic Garden supporters and government organizations may not have vantages long before the day to settle one's found out, rezoning can be another head­ money to maintain additional property. estate has arrived. Harrisville, Pennsyl­ ache. The residential community was re­ The well-intentioned, generous gift of a vania, bowling alley owner Weldon Delp luctant to agree to a request for new zon­ garden may not be well received if it creates and his wife Virginia used NFl's services ing. Officials compromised by controlling undue financial hardship for the recipient. to establish the Crystalaire Rhododendron visitation; the garden is open by appoint­ Starting a tax-exempt organization to Foundation to support him in his avoca­ ment only. Limited visitation brought about care for the garden is one solution. A tax- tion - researching and developing new another problem since it meant that the

42 AUGUST 1990 FROM START Everything is identical except the plant food.

TIME-LAPSE PHOTOGRAPHY

garden couldn't achieve nonprofit status as a public garden. Fortunately, Berry had collected a fair number of rare and en­ dangered native plants so the organization gained a nonprofit designation as a rare plant sanctuary. But what if your garden isn't spectacular enough to become a public showplace or the financial wherewithal just isn't there? You can still preserve part of your garden through plant donations. If you have an unusual collection, a botanical garden or arboretum may be interested. Your best bet is to contact the director of the organ­ ization with a detailed plant inventory in hand. Once again it's wise to contact the institution well in advance. Says Erik Neu­ mann, head of the U.S. National Arbor­ etum's education department: "There's no sense leaving something that the organi­ zation doesn't want or can't maintain." He adds that the arboretum "probably won't send a crew out to dig up something that's commonly available." But every garden has different needs, and what is ho-hum to one may be worth a king's ransom to another. The American Horticultural Sociery's River Farm head­ quarters has a number of uses for "ordi­ nary" plants: in its children's garden, its education classes for horticultural interns, and a new small space garden that will demonstrate the selection and use of plants for townhouses and other urban gardens. o Please send me a free catalog. The only restriction on plant donations is o Please send me 100 Mammoth size, according to AHS Horticulturist Darwin Hybrid Tulips for $19.95. Donna Matthews. "We can always use o Payment enclosed: ____ shrubs and herbaceous material but we o Charge to: 0 Master Card 0 VISA don't have the resources to transplant any­ TO FINISH Acct. No.: ______thing larger than a small tree." Exp. Date: ______Even if your plants are too common for Name: a botanical garden, the beautiful blooms Mailing Address: ______you've nurtured can still create a living legacy. A treasured plant given to a family member or a friend can become a won­ Shipping Address: ______derful heirloom. For one AHS member, the most valuable plant in her mother's garden City: ______is an old rose, 'Harrison's Yellow', which State: _____ Zip: _____ originally belonged to her great-grand­ THE Phone Number: ______mother and has been passed along through three generations. "I hope I'll be the fourth," DIFFERENCE she said. "It's an incredible gift." V~M €MSe1CM lMc. is Miracle-Gro® Plant Food Stillbrook Farm Mary Beth Wiesner is assistant editor of 313 Maple Street, Litchfield, CT 06759 From time-lapse photography based on (203) 567-8734 American Horticulturist. experiments conducted by a major university.

AMERICAN HORTICU LTURIST 43 CLASSIFIEDS

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46 AUGUST 1990 PRONUNCIATIONS

di e-AN-rhus del-TOY-deez Felicia amelloides fee-LEE-see-uh a-mel-OI-deez Filipendula n lbra fi-li-PEN-dew-la ROO-bra Galium GA-Iee-um Hemerocallis hem-er-oh- KA L-i s Homeria breyniana ho-MEER-ee-uh bray-nee-AN-uh Iberis sempervirens eye-BE-ris sem-per-VI E- renz Iris chrysographes EYE-ris kris-OH-gra-feez I. ensata I. en-SATE-uh I. kaempferi I. KEMP-fa-ree I. laevigata I. lee-vi-GATE-uh I. pseudacorus I. soo-duh-KO-rus Kalmia latifolia KA L-mee-uh lah-ree-FO-lee-uh Lathyrus japonica LA-rhi -rus ja-PON -ih-kuh Ligularia japol1ica li g-ew-LAH -ree-uh ja-PON-ih-kuh L. stenocephala L. sren-oh-SEF-uh-Iuh Linum f/avum L YE- num FLA Y-vum Lithodora diffusa lith-oh-DO-ruh di-FEW-suh Lithosperm,tm lith-oh-SPER-mum Magnolia stellata mag-NOL-ee-uh ste-LATE-uh Mazus reptans MA-zus REP-tanz Mertensia mer-TENZ-ee-uh Meuhlel1beckia mue-Ien-BECK-ee-uh Nigella ni -GEL-luh Oenthera ee-no-THER-uh Pieris japonica py-EAR-ris ja-PON-ih-kuh Primula poissonii Rhododendron chamae-thomsonii PRIM-ew-luh poy-SON-ee-eye Rhododendron chamae-thomsonii Achillea tomentosa Cerastium tomel1tosum ro-do-DEN-dron kam-ee-TOM-son-ee-eye a-KIL-Iee-uh roe-men-TOE-suh see-RAS-ree-um roe-men-TOE-sum Rodgersia aesculifo lia Agrostemma ag-ro-ST EM-uh Chamaecyparis obtusa ro-JERZ-ee-uh a-skew-li-FO-Iee-uh Anacyclus depressus ka-mee-SIP-pa-ris ob-TEW-suh R. podophylla R. po-do-FIL-luh an-a-SIK-Ius dee-PRES-sus Cimicifuga racemosa Sagina subulata Anchusa azurea sim-mee-si -FEW-guh ray-see-MO-suh sa-GEEN-uh sub-ew-LATE-uh an-KEW-suh a-ZEWR- ree-uh C. simplex C. SIM -plecks Saponaria ocymoides Angelica archangelica C. simplex ramosa sa-po-NAIR-ee-uh oh-si-M OI-deez an- GEL-i-kuh ark-an- GEL-i-kuh C. SIM-plecks rah-MO-suh Stachys byzantina Aq,tilegia a-kwi-LEE-gee-uh Clema.tis mOl1ta.na STACK-is bye-zan-TEE-nuh Anneria maritima KLEM-uh-ris mon-TAH-nuh Tanacetum densum subsp. amani are-M ARE-ee-uh mah-ri-TI-muh C. recta C. REK -ruh tan-uh-SEET-um DEN-sum subsp. Artemisia lactif/ora Convolvulus cneorum a-MA-nee ar-ruh-MIS-ee-uh lak-ri-FLOR-uh kon-VOL-vew-lus nee-OH-rum Taraxacum officinale A. stellerana A. srel-er-A-nuh Cl'yptomeria japonica rar-uh-ZACK-um oh-fis-ih-NALE Aruncus dioicus a-RUN-kus dye-oh-EE-kus kri p-ro-ME-ree-uh ja-PON -ih-kuh Thalictl'um f/avum A. sylvestris A. sil-VES-rris Daucus carota DOW-kus ka-ROT-uh tha- LIK-rrum FLA Y-vum Aspen/la a-SPE- ru -I uh Delosperma del-oh-S PER-muh T. rochebruniamlln Bellis perennis BEL-is pe-REN-nis Delphinium del-FIN-ee-um T. row-shah-brew-nee-A-num Carex KA Y- reks D. x belladonna D. x bel-uh-DON-uh T. speciosissimum C. morrowii C. mo-RO-ee-eye D. elatum D. ee-LATE-um T. spee-,see-oh-S IS-ih-mum Celosia argel1tea va r. cl'istata Diascia dye-AS-kee-uh Trifolium rri-FO-Iee-um see-LO-see-uh are-JEN-ree-uh va r. D. rigescens D. ri -GES-enz VeronicastrUin virginicum kris-TATE-uh Dianthus deltoides ve-ro-ni -KAS-rrum vir-JIN-i-kum

Ph oto by Linda R. McMahan AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 47 COLOR YOUR WORLD WITH SUNBLAZE™ BEAUTIFUL! Enjoy a display of brilliant color-reds, orange, hot pinks, yellow, white-all summer long. VERSATILE! Placed in any sunny location, their unique size makes them perfect for a number of uses. Create dramatic effects on patios or sunny decks, in a rock garden, along a driveway or fence, or in a landscape bed. The possibilities are unlimited ... the results are spectacular! EASY TO GROW! SUNBLAZE roses can take the heat-and the cold. They are bred to be hardy and disease tolerant, so you'll find them much easier to grow. Available from your local garden center or nursery.

© 1990 The Conard-Pyle Co. cp West Grove, PA

ROSES IN BLAZING COLORS