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The Cultural Landscape Past of the Eastern Mediterranean: the Border Lord’S Gardens and the Common Landscape Tradition of the Arabic and Byzantine Culture
land Article The Cultural Landscape Past of the Eastern Mediterranean: The Border Lord’s Gardens and the Common Landscape Tradition of the Arabic and Byzantine Culture Konstantinos Moraitis School of Architecture, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 8A Hadjikosta Str., 11521 Athens, Greece; [email protected]; Tel.: +30-210-6434101 Received: 5 January 2018; Accepted: 21 February 2018; Published: 26 February 2018 Abstract: An evaluation of landscape tradition, in Near and Middle East area, could emphasize a profound past of agricultural experience, as well as of landscape and garden art. In reference to this common past, Byzantine and Arabic landscape and garden art paradigms appear to be geographically and culturally correlated, as proved by a Byzantine 12th century folksong, presenting the construction of a villa, with its surrounding gardens and landscape formations, in the territory of Euphrates River. This song refers to Vasilios Digenes Akritas or ‘Border Lord’, a legendary hero of mixed Byzantine-Greek and Arab blood; ‘Digenes’ meaning a person of dual genes, both of Byzantine and Arabic origin, and ‘Akritas’ an inhabitant of the borderline. At the end of the narration of the song, contemporary reader feels skeptical. Was modern landscape and garden art born in the European continent or was it transferred to Western world through an eastern originated lineage of Byzantine and Arabic provenance? Keywords: Arabic landscape and garden art; Byzantine landscape and garden art; cultural sustainability; political sustainability; Twain-born Border Lord 1. Introductory References: The Western Interest for Landscape and Its Eastern Precedents We ought to remark in advance that the present article is written by a professional design practitioner who believes, however, that space formative practices are not of mere technological importance. -
Gardens and Gardeners
Gardens and Gardeners of the Ancient World Linda Farrar WIND gather PRESS Contents List ofIllustrations vi Picture Credits X Acknowledgements xi Time-Chart xii Preface xiii 1. Egyptian Gardens 1 2. Gardens of Ancient Mesopotamia and the Near East 36 3. Gardens of the Greek Bronze Age: Minoan and Mycenaean Cultures 71 4. Greek Gardens and Groves of the Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic Periods 88 5. Etruscan Gardens 128 6. Roman Gardens 138 7. Byzantine Gardens t-H OO \s\ 8. Islamic and Persian Gardens 211 9. Medieval Gardens 244 10. Conclusions 280 Select Bibliography 289 List of Illustrations Umm Al-Rasas, xv I. Pomegranate tree, mosaic detail, Jordan xvl1 2. Sacro-Idyllic scene Min seen in his 3 3- The Egyptian fertility god temple 3 4- Detail of Osiris in white mummy wrappings in wooden or ceramic Osiris Beds 5- Barley seeds were sown 3 of Pharaoh 6. Circular tree/plant pits for a sacred grove beside the pyramid Sneferu, Dahshur 6 at Deir el-Bahari 7- Reconstruction of three funerary temples 7 8. Relief depicting the transport of incense trees from Punt 7 9- "The Botanical Garden, Karnak Temple 9 10 Hathor emerging from the side of a mountain through papyrus 9 11 Middle Kingdom relief depicting water-carriers and gardeners 12 12 Gardeners pick cucumber-like melons; the lettuce symbol of the fertility god Min 12 13 Detail of a vintage scene, a process undertaken in many gardens 13 14 Figurative hieroglyphs 13 15 Wooden model of a part of a house and garden 17 16 A flower filled garden around a well stocked fish pool at Amarna 18 17 Plan of the house and garden of Meryre, High Priest of Amarna 19 18 Sycomore fig tree with tree goddess dispensing nourishment for eternity 20 19 Plan of Sennefer's garden. -
– the 2020 Horticulture Guide –
– THE 2020 HORTICULTURE GUIDE – THE 2020 BULB & PLANT MART IS BEING HELD ONLINE ONLY AT WWW.GCHOUSTON.ORG THE DEADLINE FOR ORDERING YOUR FAVORITE BULBS AND SELECTED PLANTS IS OCTOBER 5, 2020 PICK UP YOUR ORDER OCTOBER 16-17 AT SILVER STREET STUDIOS AT SAWYER YARDS, 2000 EDWARDS STREET FRIDAY, OCTOBER 16, 2020 SATURDAY, OCTOBER 17, 2020 9:00am - 5:00pm 9:00am - 2:00pm The 2020 Horticulture Guide was generously underwritten by DEAR FELLOW GARDENERS, I am excited to welcome you to The Garden Club of Houston’s 78th Annual Bulb and Plant Mart. Although this year has thrown many obstacles our way, we feel that the “show must go on.” In response to the COVID-19 situation, this year will look a little different. For the safety of our members and our customers, this year will be an online pre-order only sale. Our mission stays the same: to support our community’s green spaces, and to educate our community in the areas of gardening, horticulture, conservation, and related topics. GCH members serve as volunteers, and our profits from the Bulb Mart are given back to WELCOME the community in support of our mission. In the last fifteen years, we have given back over $3.5 million in grants to the community! The Garden Club of Houston’s first Plant Sale was held in 1942, on the steps of The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, with plants dug from members’ gardens. Plants propagated from our own members’ yards will be available again this year as well as plants and bulbs sourced from near and far that are unique, interesting, and well suited for area gardens. -
S Textile and Fiber Plants Other, A-Z -- Continued 261.H4 Henequen 261.K3 Kapok Kenaf See SB261.A5 (261.M25) Maguey See SB317.A2 261.M27 Malva 261.M3 Manila Hemp
S AGRICULTURE (GENERAL) S Agriculture (General) Periodicals. By language of publication For works about societies and serial publications of societies see S21+ For general yearbooks see S414 1 English (American) 3 English 5 French 7 German 9 Italian 11 Scandinavian 12 Dutch 13 Slavic 15 Spanish and Portuguese 16.A-Z Other European languages, A-Z Colonial, English, and American see S1+ 18 Polyglot 19 Other languages (not A-Z) 20 History and description of periodicals and societies (General) Documents and other collections Including societies and congresses United States Federal documents Commissioner of Patents 21.A19 Agricultural report Department of Agriculture 21.A2-.A29 Report of the Commissioner or Secretary 21.A3 The official record of the Department of Agriculture 21.A35 Yearbook 21.A37 Agriculture handbook 21.A4-.A49 Circulars 21.A6 Farmers' bulletins 21.A63 Weekly newsletter to crop correspondents 21.A7 Bulletin 21.A74 Agriculture information bulletin 21.A75 Journal of agricultural research 21.A78 Weather, crops, and markets 21.A8-.A99 Other reports 21.A86-.A95 Financial: accounts and disbursements, etc. 21.A86 Estimates of expenditures 21.A87 Expenditures ... Letter from the Secretary of Agriculture 21.A99 Miscellaneous general. By date 21.C8-.C9 History 21.C8 Official 21.C9 Nonofficial 1 S AGRICULTURE (GENERAL) S Documents and other collections United States Federal documents Department of Agriculture -- Continued Administrative documents; appointments; personnel 21.D2-.D39 Serial publications 21.D4-.D7 Monographs Reports of -
Home & Garden Issue
HOME & GARDEN ISSUE TeaPartySocietyMagazineNov09:Layout 1 9/30/09 11:16 AM Page 1 NATURALLY, YOU’LL WANT TO DO A LITTLE ENTERTAINING. Sometimes it’s the little moments that Septem matter most. Like when your children New d learn values that last a lifetime. Or laughter is shared for the sheer joy of it. That’s why families find it so easy to feel at home at Sherwood. Nestled in a lush valley of the Santa Monica Mountains, this gated country club community provides a sanctuary for gracious living and time well spent. Of course, with a respected address like Sherwood there may be times when you entertain on a grander scale, but it might just be the little parties that you remember most. For information about custom homesites available from $500,000, new residences offered from the high $1,000,000s or membership in Sherwood Lake Club please call 805-373-5992 or visit www.sherwoodcc.com. The Sherwood Lake Club is a separate country club that is not affiliated with Sherwood Country Club. Purchase of a custom homesite or new home does not include membership in Sherwood Country Club or Sherwood Lake Club or any rights to use private club facilities. Please contact Sherwood Country Club directly for any information on Sherwood Country Club. Prices and terms effective date of publication and subject to change without notice. CA DRE #01059113 A Community 2657-DejaunJewelers.qxd:2657-DejaunJewelers 1/6/10 2:16 PM Page 1 WHY SETTLE FOR LESS THAN PERFECTION The Hearts On Fire Diamond Engagement Ring set in platinum starting at $1,950 View our entire collection at heartsonfire.com Westfield Fashion Square | Sherman Oaks | 818.783.3960 North Ranch Mall | Westlake Village | 805.373.1002 The Oaks Shopping Center | Thousand Oaks | 805.495.1425 www.dejaun.com Welcome to the ultimate Happy Hour. -
1 the Global Flower Bulb Industry
1 The Global Flower Bulb Industry: Production, Utilization, Research Maarten Benschop Hobaho Testcentrum Hillegom, The Netherlands Rina Kamenetsky Department of Ornamental Horticulture Agricultural Research Organization The Volcani Center Bet Dagan 50250, Israel Marcel Le Nard Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 29260 Ploudaniel, France Hiroshi Okubo Laboratory of Horticultural Science Kyushu University 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan August De Hertogh Department of Horticultural Science North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 29565-7609, USA COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL I. INTRODUCTION II. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES III. GLOBALIZATION OF THE WORLD FLOWER BULB INDUSTRY A. Utilization and Development of Expanded Markets Horticultural Reviews, Volume 36 Edited by Jules Janick Copyright Ó 2010 Wiley-Blackwell. 1 2 M. BENSCHOP, R. KAMENETSKY, M. LE NARD, H. OKUBO, AND A. DE HERTOGH B. Introduction of New Crops C. International Conventions IV. MAJOR AREAS OF RESEARCH A. Plant Breeding and Genetics 1. Breeders’ Right and Variety Registration 2. Hortus Bulborum: A Germplasm Repository 3. Gladiolus 4. Hyacinthus 5. Iris (Bulbous) 6. Lilium 7. Narcissus 8. Tulipa 9. Other Genera B. Physiology 1. Bulb Production 2. Bulb Forcing and the Flowering Process 3. Morpho- and Physiological Aspects of Florogenesis 4. Molecular Aspects of Florogenesis C. Pests, Physiological Disorders, and Plant Growth Regulators 1. General Aspects for Best Management Practices 2. Diseases of Ornamental Geophytes 3. Insects of Ornamental Geophytes 4. Physiological Disorders of Ornamental Geophytes 5. Exogenous Plant Growth Regulators (PGR) D. Other Research Areas 1. Specialized Facilities and Equipment for Flower Bulbs52 2. Transportation of Flower Bulbs 3. Forcing and Greenhouse Technology V. MAJOR FLOWER BULB ORGANIZATIONS A. -
Invasive Plants in Your Backyard!
Invasive Plants In Your Backyard! A Guide to Their Identification and Control new expanded edition Do you know what plants are growing in your yard? Chances are very good that along with your favorite flowers and shrubs, there are non‐native invasives on your property. Non‐native invasives are aggressive exotic plants introduced intentionally for their ornamental value, or accidentally by hitchhiking with people or products. They thrive in our growing conditions, and with no natural enemies have nothing to check their rapid spread. The environmental costs of invasives are great – they crowd out native vegetation and reduce biological diversity, can change how entire ecosystems function, and pose a threat Invasive Morrow’s honeysuckle (S. Leicht, to endangered species. University of Connecticut, bugwood.org) Several organizations in Connecticut are hard at work preventing the spread of invasives, including the Invasive Plant Council, the Invasive Plant Working Group, and the Invasive Plant Atlas of New England. They maintain an official list of invasive and potentially invasive plants, promote invasives eradication, and have helped establish legislation restricting the sale of invasives. Should I be concerned about invasives on my property? Invasive plants can be a major nuisance right in your own backyard. They can kill your favorite trees, show up in your gardens, and overrun your lawn. And, because it can be costly to remove them, they can even lower the value of your property. What’s more, invasive plants can escape to nearby parks, open spaces and natural areas. What should I do if there are invasives on my property? If you find invasive plants on your property they should be removed before the infestation worsens. -
Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society Guide to Common Cactus and Succulents of Tucson
Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society Guide to Common Cactus and Succulents of Tucson http://www.tucsoncactus.org/c-s_database/index.html Item ID: 1 Item ID: 2 Family: Cactaceae Family: Cactaceae Genus: Ferocactus Genus: Echinocactus Species: wislizenii Species: grusonii Common Name: Fishhook Barrel Common Name: Golden Barrel Habitat: Various soil types from 1,000 Cactus to 6,000 feet elevation from grasslands Habitat: Located on rolling hills to rocky mountainous areas. and cliffs. Range: Arizona, southwestern New Range: Limited to small areas in Mexico, limited extremes of western Queretaro, Mexico. The popula- Texas, Sonora, northwest Chihuahua tion had become very low in num- and northern Sinaloa, Mexico bers over the years but is just Care: An extremely easy plant to grow now beginning to increase due to in and around the Tucson area. It re- protective laws and the fact that Photo Courtesy of Vonn Watkins quires little attention or special care as this plant is now in mass cultiva- ©1999 it is perfectly at home in almost any tion all over the world. garden setting. It is very tolerant of ex- Photo Courtesy of American Desert Care: The Golden Barrel has slow- Description treme heat as well as cold. Cold hardi- Plants ly become one of the most pur- This popular barrel cactus is noted ness tolerance is at around 10 degrees chased plants for home landscape for the beautiful golden yellow farenheit. Description in Tucson. It is an easy plant to spines that thickly surround the Propagation: Propagation of this cac- This plant is most recognized by the grow and takes no special care. -
Home Ropagation Ornamental Trees Hrubs
v^ (xAa.Ä..x..^ ...„,, ß^xCX, /sTfc? L Î/B R HOME \<^ ::E'.vro ROPAGATION \ ORNAMENTAL TREES m. HRUBS \tN} Home and Garden Bulletin No. 80 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CONTENTS Page Layers 4 Simple layering 4 Air layering 5 Care after rooting 6 Cuttings 8 Rooting period 8 Care after rooting 9 Grafts 10 Bud grafts 10 Cleft grafts 11 Growth Through Agricultural Progress Prepared by Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service This bulletin supersedes Farmers' Bulletin 1567, "Propagation of Trees and Shrubs.' Washington, D.C. Issued February 1962 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents,, U.S. Government Printing OflBce Washington 25, D.C. ' Price 10 cents ■v nuMt PROPAGATION ORNAMENTAL TRÍES > SHRUBS Many kinds of ornamental trees, bud grafting. Or you can get large new flowering shrubs, roses, and evergreens plants soon after propagating by cleft are easy to propagate by home methods- grafting. Bud grafting and cleft grafting These home methods utili2;e inexpensive, demand more skill and specialised knowl- easily available materials and equipment. edge than the other methods of propa- Plants propagated by layers, cuttings, gation. or grafts have characteristics exactly For greatest success in propagating— the same as the parent plants. Plants • Use only healthy plants. propagated by seeds often have char- • Propagate in the proper season. acteristics different from those of their • Protect propagating material from parents. drying. Many ornamental trees and shrubs • Give newly propagated plants extra can be propagated by layering. Because care until they are well established in a branch of the parent plant is needed their permanent location. -
Ornamental Plant and Floriculture
Course Outline Institut Pertanian Bogor - ACICIS’ Agriculture Semester Program Unit name Ornamental Plant and Floriculture (AGH343) Department/ Agronomy and Horticulture Faculty Faculty of Agriculture Course credit (SKS) 3 (2-3) Offered in Even semester Pre-requisite Principles of Horticulture Course Coordinator Dr. Ir. Dewi Sukma, M.S Language Indonesian English Both Course description This course covers issues relating to the cultivation of flowers and ornamental plants. Aspects covered include: 1. Botanical, physiological and ecological features of ornamental plants 2. Breeding considerations; 3. Special treatment for flowering or maintaining vegetative growth; 4. Fertilization and irrigation techniques; 5. Pest and disease control; 6. Harvesting techniques 7. Post-harvesting operation, including marketing. Cultivation techniques are taught in relation to important ornamental plants and flowers, aromatic plants and plants suited to both indoor and outdoor environments, including orchids, chrysanthemums, dianthus, lilies, gerberas and heliconias. In addition to skills in the cultivation of ornamental plants, this course will develop students’ business management skills in relation to these products. Learning outcomes After completing this subject, student will be able to explain : Definition of floriculture and group of commodities Culture technique for some important ornamental plants/cut flower : orchids, chrysanthemum,roses, carnation, many kinds of bedding plants, pot plants, post harvest handling, breeding of ornamental plants and aspects of floriculture bussiness/enterpreneur. Indicative assessment Midterm exam : 35% Final exam : 35% Practice : 30% Contact Hours 2 x 50 minutes for lecture (2 credits) and 3 x 50 minutes for laboratory exercise (1 credit) per week Readings Dole, J.M. Wilkins H.F. Floriculture. Principles and Species. Prentice Hall. -
Dictionary of Cultivated Plants and Their Regions of Diversity Second Edition Revised Of: A.C
Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity Second edition revised of: A.C. Zeven and P.M. Zhukovsky, 1975, Dictionary of cultivated plants and their centres of diversity 'N -'\:K 1~ Li Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity Excluding most ornamentals, forest trees and lower plants A.C. Zeven andJ.M.J, de Wet K pudoc Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation Wageningen - 1982 ~T—^/-/- /+<>?- •/ CIP-GEGEVENS Zeven, A.C. Dictionary ofcultivate d plants andthei rregion so f diversity: excluding mostornamentals ,fores t treesan d lowerplant s/ A.C .Zeve n andJ.M.J ,d eWet .- Wageninge n : Pudoc. -11 1 Herz,uitg . van:Dictionar y of cultivatedplant s andthei r centreso fdiversit y /A.C .Zeve n andP.M . Zhukovsky, 1975.- Me t index,lit .opg . ISBN 90-220-0785-5 SISO63 2UD C63 3 Trefw.:plantenteelt . ISBN 90-220-0785-5 ©Centre forAgricultura l Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen,1982 . Nopar t of thisboo k mayb e reproduced andpublishe d in any form,b y print, photoprint,microfil m or any othermean swithou t written permission from thepublisher . Contents Preface 7 History of thewor k 8 Origins of agriculture anddomesticatio n ofplant s Cradles of agriculture and regions of diversity 21 1 Chinese-Japanese Region 32 2 Indochinese-IndonesianRegio n 48 3 Australian Region 65 4 Hindustani Region 70 5 Central AsianRegio n 81 6 NearEaster n Region 87 7 Mediterranean Region 103 8 African Region 121 9 European-Siberian Region 148 10 South American Region 164 11 CentralAmerica n andMexica n Region 185 12 NorthAmerica n Region 199 Specieswithou t an identified region 207 References 209 Indexo fbotanica l names 228 Preface The aimo f thiswor k ist ogiv e thereade r quick reference toth e regionso f diversity ofcultivate d plants.Fo r important crops,region so fdiversit y of related wild species areals opresented .Wil d species areofte nusefu l sources of genes to improve thevalu eo fcrops . -
Alternatives for Invasive Ornamental Plant Species
Alternatives for Invasive Ornamental Plant Species September 2004 Edited by Timothy M. Abbey The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station for the Connecticut Invasive Plant Working Group Funding provided by U.S . Dept. of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge and The Connecticut Invasive Plant Working Group Introduction The goal of this booklet is to promote commercially available, although underused, alternatives to potentially invasive ornamental plant species in New England. An invasive plant is a species non-native to the ecosystem under consideration, and whose introduction, whether accidental or intentional, causes or is likely to cause harm to the environment, economy or human health. Invasive plants are so successful because they often: 1) grow and mature rapidly; 2) spread quickly; 3) can flower and/or set seed over a long period of time; 4) have few known diseases or insects to provide control; 5) thrive in many habitats; and 6) are difficult to control. The first five characteristics contribute to the development and production of some non- native plants as marketable ornamental plants because these traits are often desirable for landscape plantings. Why avoid invasive plants? Most plants, whether they are native or non-native, grow and limit their development to the site on which they are planted. Although many of our beautiful ornamental plants and the majority of our fruits and vegetables are not native to the United States, neither are they invasive. However, a small number of non-native plant species have become invasive. They disperse to other locations and thrive there. In natural areas, they establish themselves at the expense of native plants.