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The Personality Changes on Major Character in Defoe's THE PERSONALITY CHANGES ON MAJOR CHARACTER IN DEFOE’S ROBINSON CRUSOE A THESIS BY CINIO STEVEN SINAGA REG. NO. 120705096 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 1 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA THE PERSONALITY CHANGES ON MAJOR CHARACTER IN DEFOE’S ROBINSON CRUSOE A THESIS BY CINIO STEVEN SINAGA REG. NUMBER: 120705096 SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR Drs. Parlindungan Purba. M.Hum. Drs. Siamir Marulafau. M.Hum. NIP.196302161989031003 NIP. 195805171985031003 Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra From Department English. DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 2 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination. Head, Secretary, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D NIP. 19541117198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002 3 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on 24 October 2016 Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001 Board of Examiners Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. ___________________ Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. ___________________ Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum. ___________________ Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum ___________________ 4 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, CINIO STEVEN SINAGA, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed : Cinio Steven Sinaga th Date : October 24 , 2016 iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME NAME : CINIO STEVEN SINAGA TITLE OF THESIS : THE PERSONALITY CHANGES ON MAJOR CHARACTER IN DEFOE’S ROBINSON CRUSOE QUALIFICATION : S1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Cinio Steven Sinaga Date : October 24th, 2016 v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT After finished all the processes of study in English Literaure Department, at last I had graduated from University of Sumatera Utara. The very first thanks I would like to say to my Almighty God Jesus Christ for his blesses. All of what I had done was nothing if it was not because of Him. I knew that in all of my steps Jesus always lead my way, not only till this, but always forever more. I could never relly on any body else, but Him to face all of my problems. And the secondly, I woud like to express my gratitude and appreciation to those who have given me pray, advice, motivation, and help in accomplishing my thesis. They are : 1. My beloved parents, to whom this thesis is devoted, Anthony Steven Sinaga and Asnawati Siregar, who always pray for me everytime and for everything. They are great parents ever, particulary my mother who always been take care of us (the children). My parents are the supporter, the advisor and my enthuasiasm charger that I can live my life until nowadays and accomplish this thesis. Thank you for your unconditional love, I promise that I will not to disappoint you. 2. My dear brothers and sister,Jefry Steven Sianga, David Steven Sinaga, and AyuStefanySinaga who have become my cheeriness and motivation, I do love you all. I will take care of you all, so wish me get succeed soon. 3. Drs.ParlindunganPurba, M.Hum as my supervisor andDrs. Siamir Marulafau. M.Hum. as co-supervisor who have share their valuable ideas, times, guidance, and patience in process of completing this thesis. 4. Dr. H.Muhizar Muchtar, M.S as the head of English Department and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D the Secretary of English Department and all the lecturers of English Department who have shared many knowledge and experience. 5. Irvan S Simbolon, NielMaruliTua, David Samuel Silalahi, AnastasyaBernadeth, Dame Diarnita S, Monica, Isti, Mukhtar Hasan,Dzulfiwar, Windo, who become such my family, thanks for the time vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA when we are still study as student, the laugh, the crazy moments we spent together, share many things in all the times, that was the precious time to be spent with you all. Also for all my friends in English Literature University of Sumatera Utara especially Class A 2012 that I can’t mention name by name, I will never forget you guys, may all us be succesfull in the future. Amin 6. Thanks also to my seniors who have given me advices and suggestions, Novi Sinaga, Stephany Joice, Daniel, Martin, Sam, and all of you that I cannot mention one by one. 7. My loyal supporter and the best partner I have ever had, Apriliana Lase. I still remember the first time when I notified you that my title was approved by the Department. It was in April.Same as your name. Magic month, magic name. You have changed so many things in my life. You are still here with me till I finished my study, and I wish you can always be my best partner. I love us. 8. Last but not least, for all my friends and people who know me. Apriliana Lase, Jessica Ignatia, Ade Trya Eka Wardani, Ridwan Syahputra, Anes, Budi Hutauruk, Ankada. I am truly sorry because I cannot write your names but I hope you always know that you are always in my heart. Finally, may this thesis be worthwhile for all of the readers, may the grace and love of God be with us forever. Amin Medan, October 2016 Cinio Steven Sinaga Reg. No. 120705096 vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT This thesis entitled “The Personality Changes On Major Character In Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe”, discussed aboutthe causes and the impacts of personality changesas reflected in novelRobinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe. The writer used Freud’s Psychoanalitic Theory about the id, the ego and the superego collaborated with descriptive qualitative method of research in this analysis. The witer collected the datas from several references by using the library method of research, then the colledted and selected data are being analyzed to find the changes of personality on major character. After analyzed the data and applies the theory of Freud into it, had been known that the personality changes that happened to the major character were caused by the unconsistant processes of expressing the id, the ego, and the superego inside the character, which inflenced by the situation around him and as the impact of his personality changes, the major character had changed to be a faithful man. Key Words : Personality Changes, Freud, Daniel Defoe, Psychology Literature viii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul “The Personality Changes On Major Character In Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe”, yang membahas mengenai perubahan kepribadian yang terdapat dalam novel Robinson Crusoe karya Daniel Defoe. Dalam melakukan analisis masalah, penulis menggunakan teori psikologi Freud mengenai id, ego dan superego untuk menjawab masalah kepribadian tokoh utama. Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dimana dalam proses pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kepustakaan dan kemudian data terpilih dianalisis untuk menemukan masalah perubahan kepribadaian dari tokoh utama. Setelah dilakukan analisis data serta pengaplikasian teori Freud ke dalamnya diketahuilah bahwa proses pengekspresian dari id, ego dan superego di dalam diri karater utama yang tidak konsisten telah mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan kepribadian dan sebagai dampaknya ia mengalami perubahan sifat menjadi pribadi yang lebih baik lagi. Kata Kunci : Perubahan Kepribadian, Freud, Daniel Defoe, Psikologi Sastra ix UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE AUTHOR DECLARATION iv COPYRIGHT DECLARATION v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi ABSTRACT viii ABSTRAK ix TABLE OF CONTENT x CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1.1.Background 1 1.2.Problem of The Study 6 1.3.Objective of the Study 6 1.4.Scope of The Study 6 1.5.Significance of The Study 7 CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory 8 2.2. Persoanlity Changes 11 2.3. Hermeneustic Theory 13 2.4. Hermeneuistic Theory 14 CHAPTER III : METHOD OF RESEARCH 3.1. Research Design 16 3.2. Data Collection 16 3.3. Selecting Data 17 3.4. Data Analysis 17 CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS AND FINDING 4.1. Robinson Crusoe’s Personality Changes 18 x UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4.1.1. The Failure of The Ego and The Superego to The Id 18 4.1.2. The Changes of The Id to The Superego 27 4..2. The Impact of Robinson Crusoe’s Personality Changes 33 4.2.1. The Thankfulness 33 4.2.2. Robinson Crusoe Become Wiser 36 4.2.3. The Faitfull 37 4.2.4. The Discover of Self Identity 39 CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusion 43 5.2. Suggestion 45 REFERENCES 46 APPENDICES i. Author’s Biography and Works ii. Summary of The Novel xi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Study The presence of human inall literary works is absolutely undeniable.
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