DOCSLIB.ORG

Charles Darwin and the Origin of Species Recent Titles in Greenwood Guides to Historic Events, 1500–1900

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Charles Darwin and the Origin of Species Recent Titles in Greenwood Guides to Historic Events, 1500–1900 Charles Darwin and The Origin of Species Recent Titles in Greenwood Guides to Historic Events, 1500–1900 The American Revolution Joseph C. Morton The French Revolution Linda S. Frey and Marsha L. Frey The French and Indian War Alfred A. Cave The Lewis and Clark Expedition Harry William Fritz The Second Great Awakening and the Transcendentalists Barry Hankins The Age of Napoleon Susan P. Conner The American Civil War Cole C. Kingseed The Scientific Revolution and the Foundations of Modern Science Wilbur Applebaum The Mexican War David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler The Abolitionist Movement Claudine L. Ferrell Maritime Exploration in the Age of Discovery, 1415–1800 Ronald S. Love The Trail of Tears and Indian Removal Amy H. Sturgis Charles Darwin and The Origin of Species KEITH A. FRANCIS Greenwood Guides to Historic Events, 1500–1900 Linda S. Frey and Marsha L. Frey, Series Editors GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Francis, Keith A. Charles Darwin and The origin of species / Keith A. Francis. p. cm. — (Greenwood guides to historic events, 1500–1900, ISSN 1538-442X) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-313-31748-8 (alk. paper) 1. Darwin, Charles, 1809–1882. On the origin of species. 2. Darwin, Charles, 1809–1882. 3. Evolution (Biology). I. Title. QH365.O8F73 2007 576.802092—dc22 2006029478 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright ' 2007 by Keith A. Francis All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2006029478 ISBN-10: 0-313-31748-8 ISBN-13: 978-0-313-31748-4 ISSN: 1538-442X First published in 2007 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 CONTENTS Series Foreword by Linda S. Frey and Marsha L. Frey vii Preface xi Chronology of the Life of Charles Darwin and Important Events in the Development of Ideas about Evolution xv Chapter 1 Overview: The Impact of Charles Darwin 1 Chapter 2 The Life of Charles Darwin 15 Chapter 3 The Origin of Species: The Book and Its Background 43 Chapter 4 The Reception of Darwin’s Theories, 1859–1920 61 Chapter 5 Darwin, Darwinism, and Evolution in the Twentieth Century 77 Chapter 6 Conclusion: Darwin, Darwinism, and Beyond 87 Biographies: Personalities Important to Darwin and Darwinism 95 People Mentioned in The Origin of Species 111 Primary Documents Relating to Darwin and Darwinism 121 Glossary of Selected Terms 159 Annotated Bibliography 167 Index 187 Photographs follow chapter 6. SERIES FOREWORD American statesman Adlai Stevenson stated, ‘‘We can chart our future clearly and wisely only when we know the path which has led to the present.’’ This series, Greenwood Guides to Historic Events, 1500– 1900, is designed to illuminate that path by focusing on events from 1500 to 1900 that have shaped the world. The years 1500 to 1900 include what historians call the early modern period (1500 to 1789, the onset of the French Revolution) and part of the modern period (1789 to 1900). In 1500, an acceleration of key trends marked the beginnings of an interdependent world and the posing of seminal questions that changed the nature and terms of intellectual debate. The series closes with 1900, the inauguration of the twentieth century. This period witnessed profound economic, social, political, cultural, reli- gious, and military changes. An industrial and technological revolu- tion transformed the modes of production, marked the transition from a rural to an urban economy, and ultimately raised the stan- dard of living. Social classes and distinctions shifted. The emergence of the territorial and later the national state altered man’s relations with and view of political authority. The shattering of the religious unity of the Roman Catholic world in Europe marked the rise of a new pluralism. Military revolutions changed the nature of warfare. The books in this series emphasize the complexity and diversity of the human tapestry and include political, economic, social, intellec- tual, military, and cultural topics. Some of the authors focus on events in U.S. history such as the Salem witchcraft trials, the American Revolution, the abolitionist movement, and the Civil War. Others analyze European topics, such as the Reformation and Counter-Reformation and the French Revolution. Still others bridge cultures and continents by examining the voyages of discovery, the Series Foreword viii Atlantic slave trade, and the Age of Imperialism. Some focus on in- tellectual questions that have shaped the modern world, such as Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species, or on turning points such as the Age of Romanticism. Others examine defining economic, religious, or legal events or issues such as the building of the railroads, the Second Great Awakening, and abolitionism. Heroes (e.g., Meriwether Lewis and William Clark), scientists (e.g., Darwin), military leaders (e.g., Napoleon Bonaparte), poets (e.g., Lord Byron) stride across the pages. Many of these events were seminal in that they marked profound changes or turning points. The Scientific Revolution, for example, changed the way individuals viewed themselves and their world. The authors, acknowledged experts in their fields, synthesize key events, set developments within the larger historical context, and, most important, present well-balanced, well-written accounts that integrate the most recent scholarship in the field. The topics were chosen by an advisory board composed of his- torians, high school history teachers, and school librarians to sup- port the curriculum and meet student research needs. The volumes are designed to serve as resources for student research and to pro- vide clearly written interpretations of topics central to the secondary school and lower-level undergraduate history curriculum. Each author outlines a basic chronology to guide the reader through often-confusing events and presents a historical overview to set those events within a narrative framework. Three to five topical chapters underscore critical aspects of the event. In the final chapter the author examines the impact and consequences of the event. Bio- graphical sketches furnish background on the lives and contributions of the players who strut across the stage. Ten to fifteen primary documents, ranging from letters to diary entries, song lyrics, procla- mations, and posters, cast light on the event, provide material for student essays, and stimulate critical engagement with the sources. Introductions identify the authors of the documents and the main issues. In some cases a glossary of selected terms is provided as a guide to the reader. Each work contains an annotated bibliography of recommended books, articles, CD-ROMs, Internet sites, videos, and films that set the materials within the historical debate. Reading these works can lead to a more sophisticated under- standing of the events and debates that have shaped the modern world and can stimulate a more active engagement with the issues that still affect us. It has been a particularly enriching experience to work closely with such dedicated professionals. We have come to Series Foreword ix know and value even more highly the authors in this series and our editors at Greenwood, particularly Kevin Ohe and Michael Hermann. In many cases they have become more than colleagues; they have become friends. To them and to future historians we dedicate this series. Linda S. Frey University of Montana Marsha L. Frey Kansas State University PREFACE In 1985, the Italian scientist Antonella La Vergata remarked that the ‘‘Darwin’s-place-in-history approach’’ dominated writing about Darwin and the development of the theory of evolution before 1960. Darwin was the colossus who stood above every other scientist in the nine- teenth century when it came to developing a theory about the origin of life. La Vergata’s argument was that historians and scientists who used this approach ignored the important contributions made by Dar- win’s contemporaries as well as other scientists who preceded and fol- lowed him. Even worse, this approach ignored the large number of people to whom Darwin wrote letters either to discuss the research he was doing or to obtain the answers to questions he had. Darwin should be viewed as part of a community even if he was the central figure in this community.1 While acknowledging La Vergata’s criticism, this book is a Darwin’s-place-in-history book. Darwin’s community of correspondents—which included scien- tists, cattle breeders, explorers, and government officials—was im- portant but, first and foremost, the story of The Origin of Species is the story of Charles Darwin’s research and writing. Darwin could not have written The Origin of Species without the help of many people— his friends Charles Lyell and Thomas Hooker, for example—but, ultimately, Darwin was the sole author. An introduction to The Origin of Species cannot ignore this fact. It is foolish to pay insufficient atten- tion to the community who helped Darwin and it is equally foolish to gloss over the singular genius of Darwin. Darwin covered a large number of subjects in The Origin of Spe- cies. He did not propose every aspect of the theory of evolution, but Darwin was able to develop his theory because he was proficient in several scientific disciplines. Without boasting, Darwin could claim to be an expert in zoology, botany, geology, and embryology. He read Preface xii widely and wrote prolifically. His scientific interests ranged from ani- mal psychology to plant tropism. Despite the genius of the man and book, it is possible to read The Origin of Species without having any prior knowledge of zoology or paleontology or the history of the biological sciences.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Charles Darwin: a Companion
    CHARLES DARWIN: A COMPANION Charles Darwin aged 59. Reproduction of a photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron, original 13 x 10 inches, taken at Dumbola Lodge, Freshwater, Isle of Wight in July 1869. The original print is signed and authenticated by Mrs Cameron and also signed by Darwin. It bears Colnaghi's blind embossed registration. [page 3] CHARLES DARWIN A Companion by R. B. FREEMAN Department of Zoology University College London DAWSON [page 4] First published in 1978 © R. B. Freeman 1978 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publisher: Wm Dawson & Sons Ltd, Cannon House Folkestone, Kent, England Archon Books, The Shoe String Press, Inc 995 Sherman Avenue, Hamden, Connecticut 06514 USA British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Freeman, Richard Broke. Charles Darwin. 1. Darwin, Charles – Dictionaries, indexes, etc. 575′. 0092′4 QH31. D2 ISBN 0–7129–0901–X Archon ISBN 0–208–01739–9 LC 78–40928 Filmset in 11/12 pt Bembo Printed and bound in Great Britain by W & J Mackay Limited, Chatham [page 5] CONTENTS List of Illustrations 6 Introduction 7 Acknowledgements 10 Abbreviations 11 Text 17–309 [page 6] LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Charles Darwin aged 59 Frontispiece From a photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron Skeleton Pedigree of Charles Robert Darwin 66 Pedigree to show Charles Robert Darwin's Relationship to his Wife Emma 67 Wedgwood Pedigree of Robert Darwin's Children and Grandchildren 68 Arms and Crest of Robert Waring Darwin 69 Research Notes on Insectivorous Plants 1860 90 Charles Darwin's Full Signature 91 [page 7] INTRODUCTION THIS Companion is about Charles Darwin the man: it is not about evolution by natural selection, nor is it about any other of his theoretical or experimental work.
    [Show full text]
  • Bloomsbury Scientists Ii Iii
    i Bloomsbury Scientists ii iii Bloomsbury Scientists Science and Art in the Wake of Darwin Michael Boulter iv First published in 2017 by UCL Press University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT Available to download free: www.ucl.ac.uk/ ucl- press Text © Michael Boulter, 2017 Images courtesy of Michael Boulter, 2017 A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Non-derivative 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work for personal and non-commercial use providing author and publisher attribution is clearly stated. Attribution should include the following information: Michael Boulter, Bloomsbury Scientists. London, UCL Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781787350045 Further details about Creative Commons licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 006- 9 (hbk) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 005- 2 (pbk) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 004- 5 (PDF) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 007- 6 (epub) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 008- 3 (mobi) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 009- 0 (html) DOI: https:// doi.org/ 10.14324/ 111.9781787350045 v In memory of W. G. Chaloner FRS, 1928– 2016, lecturer in palaeobotany at UCL, 1956– 72 vi vii Acknowledgements My old writing style was strongly controlled by the measured precision of my scientific discipline, evolutionary biology. It was a habit that I tried to break while working on this project, with its speculations and opinions, let alone dubious data. But my old practices of scientific rigour intentionally stopped personalities and feeling showing through.
    [Show full text]
  • Piracy, Illicit Trade, and the Construction of Commercial
    Navigating the Atlantic World: Piracy, Illicit Trade, and the Construction of Commercial Networks, 1650-1791 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Jamie LeAnne Goodall, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Margaret Newell, Advisor John Brooke David Staley Copyright by Jamie LeAnne Goodall 2016 Abstract This dissertation seeks to move pirates and their economic relationships from the social and legal margins of the Atlantic world to the center of it and integrate them into the broader history of early modern colonization and commerce. In doing so, I examine piracy and illicit activities such as smuggling and shipwrecking through a new lens. They act as a form of economic engagement that could not only be used by empires and colonies as tools of competitive international trade, but also as activities that served to fuel the developing Caribbean-Atlantic economy, in many ways allowing the plantation economy of several Caribbean-Atlantic islands to flourish. Ultimately, in places like Jamaica and Barbados, the success of the plantation economy would eventually displace the opportunistic market of piracy and related activities. Plantations rarely eradicated these economies of opportunity, though, as these islands still served as important commercial hubs: ports loaded, unloaded, and repaired ships, taverns attracted a variety of visitors, and shipwrecking became a regulated form of employment. In places like Tortuga and the Bahamas where agricultural production was not as successful, illicit activities managed to maintain a foothold much longer.
    [Show full text]
  • John Murray III, 1808-1892, a Brief Memoir
    rrr: JOHN MURRAY III 1808-1892 A BRIEF MEMOIR BY JOHN MURRAY IV WITH PORTRAIT AND ILLUSTRATION LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W. 1919 PREFACE I HAVE long cherished the desire to attempt the writing of a biography of my Father. The materials for such a work are superabundant, as they were in the case of my Grandfather's life. For over ten years I was engaged in collecting and arranging the correspondence before handing it over to Dr Smiles, but this had to be done in leisure hours, and for many years past such leisure hours have been denied me. With a view to keeping my Father's memory alive before the generation which knew him passes away, I wrote an article which Dr Prothero kindly accepted and published in the 'Quarterly Review.' It has brought me such a large number of gratifying letters, both from friends and strangers ; from those who knew him and those who did not, that I have been persuaded to re- publish it in the somewhat more permanent form of this small volume. I have included several passages which, owing to limits of space, had to be omitted from the ' Quarterly,' and have added my Father's own account of the origin of the Handbooks, and a few extracts from his letters home from 1830 vi PREFACE to 1884, as they will give the reader some idea of the zeal and intelligence which he imported into his travels, and which enabled him to become the Pioneer of Guide Book writers. I have to thank my brother Hallam and my sisters for their assistance in furnishing me with various details and copies of letters.
    [Show full text]
  • From So Simple a Beginning... the Expansion of Evolutionary Thought
    From So Simple A Beginning... The Expansion Of Evolutionary Thought #1 #2 From So Simple A Beginning... The Expansion Of Evolutionary Thought Compiled and Edited by T N C Vidya #3 All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. c Indian Academy of Sciences 2019 Reproduced from Resonance–journal of science education Published by Indian Academy of Sciences Production Team: Geetha Sugumaran, Pushpavathi R and Srimathi M Reformatted by : Sriranga Digital Software Technologies Private Limited, Srirangapatna. Printed at: Lotus Printers Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru #4 Foreword The Masterclass series of eBooks brings together pedagogical articles on single broad top- ics taken from Resonance, the Journal of Science Education, that has been published monthly by the Indian Academy of Sciences since January 1996. Primarily directed at students and teachers at the undergraduate level, the journal has brought out a wide spectrum of articles in a range of scientific disciplines. Articles in the journal are written in a style that makes them accessible to readers from diverse backgrounds, and in addition, they provide a useful source of instruction that is not always available in textbooks. The sixth book in the series, ‘From So Simple A Beginning... The Expansion Of Evolu- tionary Thought’, is a collection of Resonance articles about scientists who made major con- tributions to the development of evolutionary biology, starting with Charles Darwin himself, collated and edited by Prof. T. N. C.
    [Show full text]
  • One Strategic Clinical Commissioning Organisation in Shropshire, Telford & Wrekin and Commissioning Strategy from David Evans and Alison Smith
    Public Document Pack Addenbrooke House Ironmasters Way Telford TF3 4NT HEALTH & WELLBEING BOARD Date Tuesday, 11 February 2020 Time 2.00 pm SC Juniper Room, Telford Innovation Campus, Shifnal Road, Priorslee, Telford, Venue Shropshire, TF2 9NN Enquiries Regarding this Agenda Democratic Services Josef Galkowski 01952 388356 Media Enquiries Corporate Communications 01952 382406 Lead Officer Partnership Manager 01952 382186 Committee Membership: J Baker Community Safety Partnership Cllr A J Burford Cabinet Member for Health & Social Care, TWC S Dillon Assistant Director: Early Help & Support, TWC Cllr R C Evans Cabinet Member for Customer Services, Partnerships, Culture & Leisure, TWC D Evans Telford & Wrekin CCG Cllr I T W Fletcher Conservative Group, TWC M Harris Sustainable Transformation Partnership C Hart Voluntary Sector Representative C Jones Director of Children’s & Adults Services, TWC J Leahy Telford & Wrekin CCG L Noakes Director: Health, Wellbeing & Commissioning B Parnaby Healthwatch, Telford & Wrekin Cllr S A W Reynolds Cabinet Member for Children, Young People & Education, TWC Cllr H Rhodes Cabinet Member for Parks, Green Spaces & The Natural Environment, TWC J Rowe Executive Director: Adult Social Care, Health and Wellbeing. Cllr K T Tomlinson Liberal Democrat / Independent Group, TWC Cllr P Watling (Chair) R Woods NHS England (North Midlands - Shropshire & Staffordshire) AGENDA Page Page 1 Continued… 7. One Strategic Clinical Commissioning Organisation in Shropshire, 3 - 8 Telford & Wrekin AND Commissioning Strategy To receive an update on the One Strategic Clinical Commissioning Organisation in Shropshire, Telford & Wrekin AND Commissioning Strategy from David Evans and Alison Smith. Page 2 Agenda Item 7 TELFORD & WREKIN COUNCIL HEALTH & WELLBEING BOARD DATE: 11th February 2020 REPORT TITLE: Single Strategic Commissioner for Shropshire & Telford and Wrekin CCGs REPORT OF: Mr David Evans, Accountable Officer, NHS Shropshire Clinical Commissioning Group and NHS Telford and Wrekin Clinical Commissioning Group 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Business Plan 2019-2024
    BUSINESS PLAN 2019-2024 Proposal for the Renewal of Shrewsbury Business Improvement District THE FUTURE OF YOUR BID 1 THIS IS SHREWSBURY 2 FIVE YEARS OF ACHIEVEMENT 4 SAVING COSTS 5 PROMOTING THE TOWN 6 GIVING BUSINESS A VOICE 8 IMPROVING ACCESS & SAFETY 9 YOUR VIEWS 10 WHAT WILL BID2 DELIVER? 12 PROMOTING & ANIMATING 14 SUPPORTING & ENHANCING 16 REPRESENTING & INFLUENCING 18 FINANCES 20 KEEPING YOU UPDATED 21 MANAGEMENT & GOVERNANCE OF THE BID 22 YOUR BID TEAM 24 WHAT IS A BID? 26 LOTS TO LOSE WITHOUT THE BID 27 BID AREA 28 CONTENTS 2 As we approach the end of our first five-year term, Through our partnership with levy-paying members it’s appropriate to reflect on the positive impact our and collaborative working with local organisations, projects and services have had in nurturing a healthier Shrewsbury BID has delivered against the aspirations environment for business to flourish. set out by the business community when we began. From stand-out Original Shrewsbury promotional Through our recent consultation we’ve listened to what campaigns, to successfully lobbying for significant changes you want to see more of, the issues which we need to to car parking policy; from the management of award address and shared ideas to make Shrewsbury the very winning safety partnerships, to saving you money through best it can be. We want to continue this work with you. A our cost saving initiatives, we have delivered on our promise vote for another five years will mean a further £2 million to give value back to you our levy payers.
    [Show full text]
  • Ye Intruders Beware: Fantastical Pirates in the Golden Age of Illustration
    YE INTRUDERS BEWARE: FANTASTICAL PIRATES IN THE GOLDEN AGE OF ILLUSTRATION Anne M. Loechle Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of the History of Art Indiana University November 2010 Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Doctoral Committee _________________________________ Chairperson, Sarah Burns, Ph.D. __________________________________ Janet Kennedy, Ph.D. __________________________________ Patrick McNaughton, Ph.D. __________________________________ Beverly Stoeltje, Ph.D. November 9, 2010 ii ©2010 Anne M. Loechle ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii Acknowledgments I am indebted to many people for the help and encouragement they have given me during the long duration of this project. From academic and financial to editorial and emotional, I was never lacking in support. I am truly thankful, not to mention lucky. Sarah Burns, my advisor and mentor, supported my ideas, cheered my successes, and patiently edited and helped me to revise my failures. I also owe her thanks for encouraging me to pursue an unorthodox topic. From the moment pirates came up during one of our meetings in the spring of 2005, I was hooked. She knew it, and she continuously suggested ways to expand the idea first into an independent study, and then into this dissertation. My dissertation committee – Janet Kennedy, Patrick McNaughton, and Beverly Stoeltje – likewise deserves my thanks for their mentoring and enthusiasm. Other scholars have graciously shared with me their knowledge and input along the way. David M. Lubin read a version of my third chapter and gave me helpful advice, opening up to me new ways of thinking about Howard Pyle in particular.
    [Show full text]
  • Resources on Charles Darwin, Evolution, and the Galapagos Islands: a Selected Bibliography
    Library and Information Services Division Current References 2009-1 The Year of Darwin 2009 Discovering Darwin at NOAA Central Library: Resources on Charles Darwin, Evolution, and the Galapagos Islands: A Selected Bibliography Prepared by Anna Fiolek and Kathleen A. Kelly U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service National Oceanographic Data Center NOAA Central Library October 2009 http://www.lib.noaa.gov/researchtools/subjectguides/darwinbib.pdf Contents: Preface …………………………………………………………………. p. 3 Acknowledgment ………………………………………………………. p. 4 I. Darwin Chronology ………………………………………………….. p. 5-6 II. Monographic Publications By or About Charles Darwin ………... p. 7-13 in the NOAA Central Library Network Catalog (NOAALINC) III. Internet Resources Related to Charles Darwin ……. ……………. p. 14-17 And His Science (Including online images and videos) IV. Darwin Science-related Journals in the NOAA Libraries’………. p. 17-18 Network 2 Preface This Bibliography has been prepared to support NOAA Central Library (NCL) outreach activities during the Year of Darwin 2009, including a “Discovering Darwin at NOAA Central Library” Exhibit. The Year of Darwin 2009 has been observed worldwide by libraries, museums, academic institutions and scientific publishers, to honor the 150th anniversary of On the Origin of Species and the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin’s birth. This Bibliography reflects the library’s unique print and online resources on Charles Darwin, Evolution, and the Galapagos Islands. It includes citations organized “by title” from NOAALINC, the library’s online catalog, and from the library’s historical collections. The data and listings are comprehensive from the 19th century to the present. The formats represented in this resource include printed monographs, serial publications, graphical materials, videos, online full-text documents, a related journal list, and Web resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Origins of the Myth of Social Darwinism: the Ambiguous Legacy of Richard Hofstadter’S Social Darwinism in American Thought
    Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 71 (2009) 37–51 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jebo Origins of the myth of social Darwinism: The ambiguous legacy of Richard Hofstadter’s Social Darwinism in American Thought Thomas C. Leonard Department of Economics, Princeton University, Fisher Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States article info abstract Article history: The term “social Darwinism” owes its currency and many of its connotations to Richard Received 19 February 2007 Hofstadter’s influential Social Darwinism in American Thought, 1860–1915 (SDAT). The post- Accepted 8 November 2007 SDAT meanings of “social Darwinism” are the product of an unresolved Whiggish tension in Available online 6 March 2009 SDAT: Hofstadter championed economic reform over free markets, but he also condemned biology in social science, this while many progressive social scientists surveyed in SDAT JEL classification: offered biological justifications for economic reform. As a consequence, there are, in effect, B15 B31 two Hofstadters in SDAT. The first (call him Hofstadter1) disparaged as “social Darwinism” B12 biological justification of laissez-faire, for this was, in his view, doubly wrong. The sec- ond Hofstadter (call him Hofstadter2) documented, however incompletely, the underside Keywords: of progressive reform: racism, eugenics and imperialism, and even devised a term for it, Social Darwinism “Darwinian collectivism.” This essay documents and explains Hofstadter’s ambivalence in Evolution SDAT, especially where, as with Progressive Era eugenics, the “two Hofstadters” were at odds Progressive Era economics Malthus with each other. It explores the historiographic and semantic consequences of Hofstadter’s ambivalence, including its connection with the Left’s longstanding mistrust of Darwinism as apology for Malthusian political economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Ear Shop Discover Christmas in Shrewsbury 2015
    WELCOME Shrewsbury is the perfect backdrop for a magical Christmas packed with carols and concerts, seasonal shopping and festive flavours and this Christmas promises to SHREWSBURY’S shine brighter than ever before. Gift and seasonal shopping is a December), complete with 120 must for us all, so why not make stall holders, ice rink, storytelling it unique with a shopping spree and a new Santa’s grotto in the in Shrewsbury’s medieval streets. Darwin Shopping Centre. The town’s independent shops CHRISTMAS CRACKER and high street retailers are ready Every winter community carols and waiting to inspire and help bring magic to Shrewsbury’s you find everything you need churches, which are well worth a LIGHTS SWITCH ON for everyone on your Christmas visit. And if you want to share the present list. Christmas cheer with friends then TOWN CENTRE FROM 5.00PM Shrewsbury’s cafes, bars, pubs December sees the arrival of and restaurants extend their usual a family sized snow globe in warm welcome with the promise the Square on Small Business of great festive food and drink. Saturday (5th December) and Wednesday 18th November the first Christmas Festival in ontents the Quarry (12th and 13th C originalshrewsbury.co.uk /originalshrewsbury @originalshrewsbury Discover4 the Magic Seasonal6 Events Christmas8 Shopping 10High Street Shopping 12Christmas Traditions originalshrewsbury This magazine was published by Shrewsbury BID and is available in large print format E: [email protected] T: 01743 358 625 Shrewsbury BID Windsor House, Windsor Place 14Festive Feasts 16Making Merry 18Travel Information 20Directory 28Competition Shrewsbury, SY1 2BY 3 CHRISTMAS CRACKER CHURCH TOURS as well as the mock grave of LIGHTS SWITCH ON & EAT Shrewsbury’s churches ooze Ebenezer Scrooge, which still STREET history and at Christmas they stands in the graveyard at St Across town Shrewsbury’s can be seen in their full seasonal Chad's Church.
    [Show full text]
  • Darwin Final to CLAYS-C.Indd
    Darwin’s Most Wonderful Plants Darwin’s Most Wonderful Plants DARWIN’S BOTANY TODAY KEN THOMPSON First published in Great Britain in 2018 by Profile Books 3 Holford Yard, Bevin Way London WC1X 9HD www.profilebooks.com 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Typeset in Bembo to a design by Henry Iles. Copyright © Ken Thompson 2018 The moral right of the author has been asserted. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1788160285 e-ISBN 978-1782834366 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Clays, Bungay, Suffolk on Forest Stewardship Council (mixed sources) certified paper. CONTENTS Introduction The Secrets of Plants .................................................. 7 Chapter 1 Room at the Top ............................................................ 23 On the movements and habits of climbing plants (1865) Chapter 2 Slow Learners .................................................................... 69 The power of movement in plants (1880) Chapter 3 The Biter Bit ................................................................... 103 Insectivorous plants (1875) Chapter 4 Sex and the Single Plant ...................................... 156 On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects, and on the good effects of intercrossing (1862) The effects of cross and self-fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom (1876) The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species (1877) Chapter 5 The Mysteries of the Cabbage Patch ........
    [Show full text]