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Bangunan Dan Stabilitas Kapal Perikanan 2 Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia 2015 Bangunan dan Stabilitas Kapal Perikanan 2 SMK / MAK Kelas X Semester II Bangunan dan Stabilitas Kapal Perikanan 2 i DISKLAIMER (DISCLAIMER) Penulis : Editor Materi : Editor Bahasa : Ilustrasi Sampul : Desain & Ilustrasi Buku : Hak Cipta @2015, Kementrian Pendidikan & Kebudayaan Milik Negara Tidak Diperdagangkan Semua hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang, Dilarang memperbanyak (mereproduksi), mendistribusikan, atau memindahkan sebagian atau seluruh isi buku teks dalam bentuk apapun atau dengan cara apapun, termasuk fotokopi, rekaman, atau melalui metode (media) elektronik atau mekanis lainnya, tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit, kecuali dalam kasus lain, seperti diwujudkan dalam kutipan singkat atau tinjauan penulisan ilmiah dan penggunaan non-komersial tertentu lainnya diizinkan oleh perundangan hak cipta. Penggunaan untuk komersial harus mendapat izin tertulis dari Penerbit. Hak publikasi dan penerbitan dari seluruh isi buku teks dipegang oleh Kementerian Pendidikan & Kebudayaan. ii Bangunan dan Stabilitas Kapal Perikanan 2 KATA PENGANTAR Kurikulum 2013 dirancang untuk memperkuat kompetensi siswa dari sisi sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan secara utuh. Keutuhan tersebut menjadi dasar dalam perumusan kompetensi dasar tiap mata pelajaran mencakup kompetensi dasar kelompok sikap, kompetensi dasar kelompok pengetahuan, dan kompetensi dasar kelompok keterampilan. Semua mata pelajaran dirancang mengikuti rumusan tersebut. Pembelajaran kelas X dan XI jenjang Pendidikan Menengah Kejuruhan yang disajikan dalam buku ini juga tunduk pada ketentuan tersebut. Buku siswa ini diberisi materi pembelajaran yang membekali peserta didik dengan pengetahuan, keterapilan dalam menyajikan pengetahuan yang dikuasai secara kongkrit dan abstrak, dan sikap sebagai makhluk yang mensyukuri anugerah alam semesta yang dikaruniakan kepadanya melalui pemanfaatan yang bertanggung jawab. Buku ini menjabarkan usaha minimal yang harus dilakukan siswa untuk mencapai kompetensi yang diharuskan. Sesuai dengan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kurikulum 2013, siswa diberanikan untuk mencari dari sumber belajar lain yang tersedia dan terbentang luas di sekitarnya. Peran guru sangat penting untuk meningkatkan dan menyesuaikan daya serap siswa dengan ketersediaan kegiatan buku ini. Guru dapat memperkayanya dengan kreasi dalam bentuk kegiatan-kegiatan lain yang sesuai dan relevan yang bersumber dari lingkungan sosial dan alam. Buku ini sangat terbuka dan terus dilakukan perbaikan dan penyempurnaan. Untuk itu, kami mengundang para pembaca memberikan kritik, saran, dan masukan untuk perbaikan dan penyempurnaan. Atas kontribusi tersebut, kami ucapkan terima kasih. Mudah-mudahan kita dapat memberikan yang terbaik bagi kemajuan dunia pendidikan dalam rangka mempersiapkan generasi seratus tahun Indonesia Merdeka (2045). Bangunan dan Stabilitas Kapal Perikanan 2 iii DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN SAMPUL ........................................................................................ i DISKLAIMER (DISCLAIMER) ................................................................................... ii KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ iii DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................ iv DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................ v DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................ vi BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Deskripsi .............................................................................. 1 1.2 Prasyarat .............................................................................. 1 1.3 Petunjuk Penggunaan ..................................................................... 1 1.4 Tujuan Akhir .............................................................................. 1 1.5 Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi Dasar .......................................... 3 1.6 Cek Kemampuan ............................................................................ 5 BAB II PEMBELAJARAN ........................................................................................ 7 2.1 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 1. Stabilitas dan Perhitungan KG,BM dan KM 7 2.1.1 Deskripsi .............................................................................. 7 2.1.2 Kegiatan Pembelajaran ........................................................ 7 2.1.3 Penilaian .............................................................................. 82 2.2 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 2. Stabilitas Kapal Saat Bongkar Muat ...... 91 2.2.1 Deskripsi .............................................................................. 91 2.2.2 Kegiatan Pembelajaran ........................................................ 91 2.2.3 Penilaian .............................................................................. 163 PENUTUP ........................................................................................ 171 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 172 iv Bangunan dan Stabilitas Kapal Perikanan 2 DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Pembagian Tugas Kelompok : Menganalisis Bangunan Kapal 1 ......... 8 Tabel 2.2 Biro Klasifikasi Kapal Internas ................................................................ 81 Tabel 2.3 Pembgaian Tugas Kelompok:Menerapkan Bangunan Kapal Perikanan 93 Tabel 2.4 Klasifikasi Kapal Perikanan .................................................................... 94 Tabel 2.5 Kategori dan Ukuran Perahu / Kapal ..................................................... 95 Bangunan dan Stabilitas Kapal Perikanan 2 v DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2. 1 Rakit yang Terbuat dari Kayu dan Bambu ......................................................... 9 Gambar 2. 2 Suku di Pasifik sedang Membuat Kano dugout (kiri). Suku Eskimo membuat kano yang tertutup bagian atasnya (Kanan) .......................................................................... 10 Gambar 2. 3 Perahu dari Batang Pohon Papyrus ................................................................. 10 Gambar 2. 4 Coracle dari Inggri dan Asia ............................................................................. 11 Gambar 2. 5 Kano atau Sampan yang ada di Indonesia ...................................................... 11 Gambar 2. 6 Sampan, Perahu Kecil dengan Alat Penggerak Berupa Dayung .................... 12 Gambar 2. 7 Gondola (atas) dan perahu (bawah)................................................................. 13 Gambar 2. 8 Perahu Jenis Catamaran dan Polynesia .......................................................... 13 Gambar 2. 9 Perahu Layar Bertiang Satu ............................................................................. 14 Gambar 2. 10 Kapal Dayung dan Layar, Kapal Viking dibuat ramping agar dapat melaju cepat (kanan) .......................................................................................................................... 15 Gambar 2. 11 Kapal Layar Dayung Jenis Galley, Sistem Penyusunan dan Penempatan ... 15 Gambar 2. 12 Kapal Layar Jenis Carrack.............................................................................. 16 Gambar 2. 13 Bagian-bagian kapal layar satu tiang 1 .......................................................... 16 Gambar 2. 14 Bagian-bagian perahu Galleon ....................................................................... 17 Gambar 2. 15 Perahu Layar Ship of The Line dan diagramnya ........................................... 17 Gambar 2. 16 Kapal Selam Drebbel ...................................................................................... 18 Gambar 2. 17 Le Napoléon, kapal perang pertama yang menggunakan mesin uap ................... 18 Gambar 2. 18 Kapal Uap dan RMS Titanic ........................................................................... 19 Gambar 2. 19 Beberapa perahu tradisional Indonesia : Borobudur, Pinisi, dan Paleda ...... 19 Gambar 2. 20 Perkembangan rakit/perahu dengan beragam fungsi sekarang ini .............. 20 Gambar 2. 21 Kapal Mesin Uap dengan Roda Putar ............................................................ 22 Gambar 2. 22 Sepeda Air dan Perahu Kayuh ....................................................................... 23 Gambar 2. 23 Penggolongan Jenis Kapal Berdasarkan Garis Air ........................................ 24 Gambar 2. 24 Sebuah Hovercraft melaju di atas salju .......................................................... 24 Gambar 2. 25 Hovercarft militer sedang menurunkan pasukan............................................ 25 Gambar 2. 26 Skema Penggolongan Jenis Kapal................................................................. 28 Gambar 2. 27 Kapal dengan Tugas Khusus : Kapal Keruk, Kapal Medis, dan Kapal Pengeboran / rig ..................................................................................................................... 28 Gambar 2. 28 Pengukuran Panjang Kapal ............................................................................ 30 Gambar 2. 29 Pengukuran Lebar Kapal ................................................................................ 30 Gambar 2. 30 Bagian-Bagian Umum Sebuah Kapal ............................................................. 32 Gambar 2. 31 Bagian-bagian Konstruksi Kapal Kecil ........................................................... 33 Gambar
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