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Mandar Rumpons: an Adaptive Marine Culture Work

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Mandar Rumpons: an Adaptive Marine Culture Work http://sshj.in/index.php/sshj Research Article / Social Science and Humanities Journal Mandar Rumpons: An Adaptive Marine Culture Work Authors 1Syamsul Bahri, 2Mahmud Tang, 3Munsi Lampe, 4Ansar Arifin 1,2,3,4 Hasanuddin University, Postgraduate Anhtropology Makassar, Sulawesi-Selatan, Indonesia Abstract: - This article reveals the FADs of one adaptive fisherman culture of the Mandar ethnic group. Rumpon is present in its function as a provider of fishing space for users of fishermen, FADs are houses where fish gather, FADs are social institutions, FADs a technology of catching aids, and FADs condition with rituals. The acquisition of data comes from reading various literatures and related research results, as well as the importance of the results of field research, with reference to the characteristics of a qualitative approach. The findings of the study show that FADs in their function cannot be compared to some fishing gear and other fishing aids. Rumpon does not have the features that make up the working mechanism like the use of other fishing gear technology that is required by the work system. FADs are also not as fish collectors, but providers of catching spaces / areas with the support of "lure" materials that are able to stimulate fish more easily approach and gather naturally. Keywords: - FAD, Mandar, Adaptive Preliminary The word Mandar shows the name of one language Such as depicting the position of the Mandar people (Mandar language), one region (Tana Mandar), and as a formidable sailor / extraordinary archipelago, the name of one ethnic group (Mandar people). aligned with other seafarers in Indonesia, namely Regarding the name of ethnic groups, Before South Bugis, Makassar, Madurese, Buton, and Bajo Sulawesi was divided, Mandar together with Bugis, (Bajau) ethnic groups (Bahri, 2013: 2). Mandar Makassar and Toraja ethnic groups were the four people's soul so thick with the maritime world, in major ethnic groups inhabiting the South Sulawesi addition to the support of the sea area which is region. After South Sulawesi was divided, and Wider than the land area, the majority of the people formed the Province of West Sulawesi based on the live as fishermen. Mandar's maritime traces have Act, No.26 of 2004, dated October 16, 2004 (Bodi, been seen since the time of the kingdom, where 2005: 63), since then the majority of the Mandar people who settled in Tana Mandar have since been tribe inhabited the territory of West Sulawesi assigned responsibilities related to the supervision Province, in addition to several tribes other minority of the natural environment, namely one focused nations, such as Javanese, Bugis, Makassar, Toraja, area in the land area and one focused part in the and other ethnic groups. coastal / marine area . For the coastal area formed a Mandar tribes are associated with the life of the joint venture of seven small kingdoms in one unit, maritime world and the maritime world, since long called "Pitu Ba'bana Binanga", meaning seven small ago many have been used as objects of study by kingdoms centered in the river estuary area, and scientists, especially researchers, both with regard "Pitu Ulunna Salu", meaning seven small kingdoms to their society, moreover cultural products that centered in the area upstream of the river or have something to do with the maritime world, mountains. Then later, the two royal joints were whether it is related to customs, religion / ritual, united in the union, called "Pitu Ba'bana Binanga environment, and technology aspects of capture. Pitu Ulunna Salu", meaning seven kingdoms SSHJ 2018, VOL-2, ISSUE-10, Page no. 602-612 Page 602 Syamsul Bahri et al / Mandar Rumpons: An Adaptive Marine Culture Work centered at the mouth of the river, and seven The marine environment includes a production kingdoms centered upstream (Lopa 1982: 19). space that is difficult to enter for survey activities Especially the kingdoms that controlled the sea area because it can change at any time, in addition to the at that time, such as the Kingdom of Balanipa; resources contained in the property and shared Tjenrana / Sendana; Banggae; Pamboang; wealth. That is why all the methods that people do Tappalang; Mamuju; and the Binuang Kingdom to conquer it, even fishermen with their (Lopa 1982: 20), until now it remains a flashlight shortcomings still see local knowledge as a driver in point for the development of the marine shipping maintaining an increasingly challenging life due to and fisheries sector by the West Sulawesi provincial the rapid advancement of science and technology government. This is evidenced in the kingdom's that almost does not favor most fishermen. Whereas regions where there are still maritime traces, such as the improvement of lifestyle as used by the general sea transportation facilities and infrastructure, community of fishermen can be realized if the sea namely ports as berths for motorized boats / boats as a production space is managed at the same time and fish landing piers; small size sandeq boats, well used and wiser based on the order or rules and lepa-lepa boats, body-bodies, jo’loro and other norms that apply, both by law and state law types of boats / motorboats, both as passenger concerning the sea and customary norms that are transportation, transport when fishing, as well as applied traditionally (Bahri, 2011: 3). The presence transport equipment that has a package with fishing of the sea as a source of economy whose status is gear. Likewise, several types of fishing equipment shared property and the wealth of resources they and fishing equipment and similar marine biota are contain all have the same right to deceive it. That is still found in communities living in coastal areas, why Bavink (in Mustamin, 1995/1996: 1) said such as bagang, nets, trawls, fishing rods, bubu, gae, whoever controls the factors of production, in this and FADs. Especially in Pambusuang, the evidence case working capital, technology, skilled labor and of the thickness of Mandar's nautical culture is high managerial knowledge, they are the ones who inseparable from the support of facilities and have high enough access to utilize wealth the sea as infrastructure related to the life activities of fishing much as possible. Moreover, in the fishing communities, such as transportation facilities, such community there are known social classes as found as sandeq, jo'loro, lepa-lepa, and motorboat boats in the farming community, for example there are used by gae fishermen and fishermen group fishing. capitalist fishermen, small fishermen, and there are Regarding fishing gear technology, such as nets, fishermen workers (Kinseng, 2014: 27). All levels gae, fishing rods, trawls, bubu, bagang, including mentioned can be seen in tracing the level of life of fishing gears, are called FADs. While other fishermen in each distribution area who know there activities in the form of boat building activities, are so-called land retainer (financiers), sea fishing activities, fish drying activities, including punggawa (juragan), and mustard (fisherman weaving activities for making silk. Sandeq and workers). Rumpon boats were even created from the hands of Specifically related to mastery of technology, in its the Mandar fishermen who lived in Pambusuang. application in the utilization of the marine Equally important, Pambusuang is also thick with environment is a socio-cultural phenomenon, even mystical issues, because working as a fisherman the emergence of technology, from the simplest certainly experiences many obstacles in activities, level to a complex level as it appears today is the let alone the disclosure of the marine environment accumulation of level of social and cultural which is assumed to be negative because it has a development (Naping, 2004: 2-3). It's just that mysterious nature, such as a storm and sea waves according to Bahri (2015: 64), damage to marine that can arrive arrived (Bahri, 2013: 1-2). ecosystems is caused by various mistakes made by fishermen themselves, such as the use of fishing SSHJ 2018, VOL-2, ISSUE-10, Page no. 602-612 Page 603 Syamsul Bahri et al / Mandar Rumpons: An Adaptive Marine Culture Work gear that is not environmentally friendly, the wrong resources on land as a provider of fishing gear and way to catch, which is to make excessive arrests, tools. Help catch. According to Alimuddin (2017: including the pollution of the marine environment 84) fishing gear developed by Mandar fishermen is due to non-handling of the good waste disposal. strongly influenced by the surrounding natural According to Rivai (2007: 1) conditions like this are environment. Like the marine environment is reflected in various forms of communal violence, strongly influenced by the type of fish they will namely the loss of potential social capital in the catch, and the influence of the terrestrial lives of our nation. Social capital is something that environment is contaminated with raw materials for is intangible and functions effectively in bonding making fishing gear, including FADs. According to social relationships to realize a collective Ahmadin (2009: 5) the use of modern technology is cooperative behavior in dealing with a common said to bring significant changes, especially those problem. Conditions like what is experienced by the that occur in the structure of the life of the nation, especially towards fishing communities are fishermen, when compared to the previous situation generally selected from a decent life. The their activity depends on adjusting the natural occurrence of conditions like this so that the conditions, such as the blowing of the wind which fishermen are required to look for something that transports sailboat transportation. Because it can be can help smooth the work, increase income, and predicted that the use of advanced technology the maintain the safety of his soul, which relies on fishermen can go to sea at any time, even going to strengthening the religious aspect (Ismail, 2007 : 2).
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