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Die Wörterbücher Des Korsischen Und Ihre Leistung Vor Dem Hintergrund Von Sprachkontakt Und Sprachausbau

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Die Wörterbücher Des Korsischen Und Ihre Leistung Vor Dem Hintergrund Von Sprachkontakt Und Sprachausbau Zur Korpusplanung einer romanischen Minderheitensprache: Die Wörterbücher des Korsischen und ihre Leistung vor dem Hintergrund von Sprachkontakt und Sprachausbau vorgelegt von M.A. Christian Jerger aus Lüdenscheid Von der Faktultät I – Geisteswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades des Doktors der Philosophie – Dr. Phil. – genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzende: Prof. Dr. Monika Walter Berichter: Prof. Dr. Martin Haase Berichter: Prof. Dr. Peter Erdmann Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 31.05.2001 Berlin 2003 D 83 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 0. EINLEITUNG: GEGENSTAND UND ZIEL .....................................................................8 1. SPRACHKONTAKT UND SPRACHAUSBAU: SOZIOLINGUISTISCHER RAHMEN.........13 1.1 Korsisch: Diatopische Gliederung und Einordnung in die Romania.......................13 1.2 Korsika: Geschichte .................................................................................................15 1.3 Zur Problematik der Klassifizierung von Sprachen und Dialekten .........................18 1.4 Sprachplanung: Korpusplanung und Statusplanung ................................................24 1.5 Korsisch als geschriebene Sprache: Historischer Abriss .........................................28 1.6 Korsische Sprachdiskussion und französische Sprachpolitik ..................................31 1.7 Aktuelle sprachliche Situation .................................................................................37 1.8 Corse hérité vs. corse élaboré: Synchrone Variation und Sprachwandel ...............45 1.9 Sprachkontaktszenarien auf Korsika........................................................................48 1.9.1 Sprachkontakt Korsisch-Italienisch .........................................................................49 1.9.2 Sprachkontakt Korsisch-Französisch.......................................................................52 2. KORSIKA: NORMATIVER DISKURS .........................................................................56 2.1 Sprachnormen ..........................................................................................................56 2.2 Implizite und explizite Normen ...............................................................................57 2.3 Eine Norm oder viele Normen? – Korsisch als langue polynomique ......................58 2.4 Polynomie und Koineisierung..................................................................................66 3. ZU EINER TYPOLOGIE VON WÖRTERBÜCHERN......................................................71 3.1 Sprachwörterbuch vs. Enzyklopädie........................................................................71 3.2 Extensive vs. selektive Wörterbücher......................................................................74 3.3 Einsprachige vs. zweisprachige Wörterbücher ........................................................75 3.4 Normativität und Deskriptivität in Wörterbüchern..................................................78 4. KORSISCHE LEXIKOGRAFIE: HISTORISCHER ABRISS ............................................82 4.1. Von den Anfängen bis zum II. Weltkrieg ................................................................83 4.2 Nachkriegszeit und Gegenwart ................................................................................84 5. DIE WÖRTERBÜCHER DES KORSISCHEN ................................................................87 5.1 Konzeption und Aufbau ...........................................................................................87 5.1.1 Wörterbücher mit Korsisch als Ausgangssprache....................................................88 5.1.2 Wörterbücher mit Korsisch als Zielsprache...........................................................115 5.1.3 Bildwörterbücher und illustrierte Wörterbücher....................................................126 5.2. Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse – Periodisierung..............................................128 6. SPRACHKONTAKTPHÄNOMENE IN DEN WÖRTERBÜCHERN DES KORSISCHEN ....142 6.1 Sprachkontakt und Entlehnung ..............................................................................142 6.2 Sprachkontakt und Korpusplanung: Neologismen.................................................146 6.3 Sprachkontakt und Fremdpurismus .......................................................................150 6.4 Korpus und Methode..............................................................................................152 6.5 Fremdpurismus in allgemeinen Wörterbüchern.....................................................159 6.5.1. Diaintegrativ markierte Einflüsse des Italienischen...............................................159 6.5.1.1 Wörterbücher der I. Periode...................................................................................159 6.5.1.2 Wörterbücher der II. Periode mit Korsisch als Ausgangssprache .........................161 6.5.1.3 Wörterbücher der II. Periode mit Korsisch als Zielsprache...................................163 6.5.2 Diaintegrativ markierte Einflüsse des Französischen ............................................165 6.5.2.1 Wörterbücher der I. Periode...................................................................................165 6.5.2.2 Wörterbücher der II. Periode mit Korsisch als Ausgangssprache .........................175 6.5.2.3 Wörterbücher der II. Periode mit Korsisch als Zielsprache...................................177 6.6 Diaintegrativ markierte Einflüsse: Ergebnisse.......................................................180 6.7 Sprachkontakt Korsisch-Französisch: Fremdpuristische Wörterbücher................184 6.8 Neologismen in allgemeinen Wörterbüchern der II. Periode.................................195 6.9 Neologismen: Ergebnisse.......................................................................................197 6.10 Sprachkontakt und Wortbildung ............................................................................207 6.11 Derivationelle Wortbildung im Korsischen ...........................................................208 6.11.1 Die allomorphen Adjektivalsuffixe -evule/ -ibile/ -abile und ihre Äquivalente im Italienischen und Französischen .......................................................................214 6.11.2 Die allomorphen Nominalsuffixe -istu/ -ista und ihre Äquivalente im Italienischen und Französischen .......................................................................219 6.12 Korpus und Methode..............................................................................................220 6.13 Wortbildung: Ergebnisse........................................................................................222 6.13.1 Adjektivalsuffixe: Auswertung..............................................................................222 6.13.2 Nominalsuffixe: Auswertung.................................................................................230 6.13.3 Diamesische und/ oder kontaktinduzierte Variation? ............................................235 7. ASPEKTE DER ORTHOGRAFIE IN DEN WÖRTERBUCHERN DES KORSISCHEN ......242 7.1 Schrift und Schriftsystem als Bestandteile der kulturellen Identität......................242 7.2 Orthografie .............................................................................................................243 7.3 Theoretische Aspekte der Gestaltung von Schriftsystemen...................................244 7.3.1 Innersprachliche Faktoren......................................................................................245 7.3.2 Außersprachliche Faktoren ....................................................................................247 7.3.3 Zur Gestaltung von Schriftsystemen in Ausbausprachen ......................................248 7.4 Schriftsystem und Orthografie im Korsischen.......................................................252 7.4.1 Genese und Entwicklung........................................................................................252 7.4.2 Graphematik...........................................................................................................257 7.5 Problembereiche korsischer Orthografie und ihre Behandlung in der Lexikografie .....................................................................259 7.6 Korpus und Methode..............................................................................................260 7.7 Unterschiede zum standarditalienischen Phoneminventar.....................................262 7.7.1 Die Phoneme /c/ und /ï/.........................................................................................262 7.7.1.1 Wörterbücher mit Korsisch als Ausgangssprache..................................................265 7.7.1.2 Wörterbücher mit Korsisch als Zielsprache...........................................................268 7.7.2 Das Phonem /Ζ/......................................................................................................269 7.7.2.1 Wörterbücher mit Korsisch als Ausgangssprache..................................................270 7.7.2.2 Wörterbücher mit Korsisch als Zielsprache...........................................................272 7.7.3 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse .........................................................................273 7.8 Die Behandlung von lat. B und V und das Problem der konsonantischen Alternanz .........................................................275 7.8.1 Wörterbücher mit Korsisch als Ausgangssprache..................................................282
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