DOCSLIB.ORG

Congressional Record—Senate S6591

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Congressional Record—Senate S6591 July 13, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Ð SENATE S6591 it also repeals the estate tax for huge The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without [Rollcall Vote No. 177 Leg.] estatesÐ$100 million estates, $1 billion objection, it is so ordered. YEASÐ81 estates, $5 billion estates. It totally re- Mr. REID. The first vote will be 15 Abraham Dodd Lugar peals any tax whatsoever on estates of minutes and thereafter 10 minutes. We Akaka Domenici Mack that size. agree. Allard Edwards McCain Ashcroft Enzi McConnell Yesterday, I spoke in opposition to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Baucus Feinstein Moynihan the House bill, and Senators THOMAS objection, it is so ordered. Bayh Fitzgerald Murkowski and INHOFE expressed a little surprise. The clerk will report. Bennett Frist Nickles They said when they talk to ordinary The assistant legislative clerk read Biden Gorton Reed Bingaman Graham Robb folks in their home States, they hear a as follows: Bond Gramm Roberts lot about the estate tax, and people A bill (S. 2549) to authorize appropriations Breaux Grams Roth want reform. They wondered whether I for fiscal year 2001 for military activities of Brownback Gregg Santorum the Department of Defense, for military con- Bryan Hagel Sarbanes was hearing the same in my State of Bunning Hatch Schumer Montana. I sure am, all the timeÐin struction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe per- Burns Helms Sessions coffee shops, in grocery stores, lots of Byrd Hollings Shelby sonnel strengths for such fiscal year for the Campbell Hutchinson Smith (NH) people talk to me. They think it hits Armed Forces, and for other purposes. too hard on farms, ranches, and small Chafee, L. Hutchison Smith (OR) Pending: Cleland Inhofe Snowe businesses. That is precisely the point. Cochran Inouye Specter The House bill responds to these with Feingold pending amendment No. 3759, to Collins Kennedy Stevens terminate production under the D5 sub- an abstractionÐrepeal, 10 years from Conrad Kerry Thomas marine-launched ballistic missile program. Coverdell Kyl Thompson now. Durbin Amendment No. 3732, to provide for Craig Landrieu Thurmond The Democratic alternative says, no, operationally realistic testing of National Crapo Levin Torricelli we are not going to wait 10 years; we Missile Defense systems against counter- Daschle Lieberman Voinovich are going to do it now. We respond with measures; and to establish an independent DeWine Lott Warner honest-to-goodness relief. I am sure panel to review the testing. NAYSÐ18 there is somebody in Montana with an The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Boxer Jeffords Lincoln estate worth more than $8 million who ator from Virginia. Dorgan Johnson Murray will still have to pay some estate tax Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, it is my Durbin Kerrey Reid Feingold Kohl Rockefeller under the Democratic alternative. But understanding that under the order we Grassley Lautenberg Wellstone there sure aren't many of them. will now proceed to two votes. I rec- Harkin Leahy Wyden Remember, the vast majority of the ommend to the Senate that we proceed NOT VOTINGÐ1 estates are either not affected by the to the Feingold vote first. Mikulski tax now or, if they are, would be com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- pletely exempt under the Democratic ator is correct. The motion was agreed to. alternative. One other virtue of the Mr. WARNER. Second, to the vote on Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I move Democratic alternative is it costs the amendment of the distinguished to reconsider the vote. Mr. MOYNIHAN. I move to lay that much less than the House bill, $40 bil- Senator from Illinois. lion less over 10 years. After that, the At this time, I believe we have 2 min- motion on the table. The motion to lay on the table was savings are even greater. utes for those in opposition. But in def- agreed to. As a result, the Democratic alter- erence to the proponents, we are will- native allows us not only to reform the ing to hear from the proponents first. AMENDMENT NO. 3732 estate tax in a way that helps where it They are not going to use it. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, under is needed the most, but it also allows Then I yield 2 minutes to the distin- the previous order, we will now proceed us to address other priorities that, guished chairman of the Subcommittee to the amendment by the Senator from frankly, are more important than total on Strategic Forces. Illinois. At such time as he concludes repeal of the estate tax, particularly The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- his portion of the 2 minutes, I yield my for huge estates. ator from Colorado. time to the senior Senator from Mis- For example, what about the na- Mr. ALLARD. Mr. President, the sissippi, Mr. COCHRAN. tional debt? The Democratic alter- Feingold amendment would undermine The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. native leaves an additional $40 billion the U.S. sea-based deterrent force by BUNNING). The Senator from Illinois. available to pay down the national killing the Trident D±5 missile pro- The time is 2 minutes, equally divided. debt. Or we could use the savings to gram. Such a decision would cut the The Senator from Illinois is recog- provide tax cuts to meet other impor- Navy's requirement short by 53 mis- nized. tant needs; help average families save siles resulting in the deployment of Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, can I for retirement or their kids' college three fewer submarines that DOD cur- have order in the Chamber? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- education, or help people meet long- rently believes are required. term medical care costs; protect Social I move to table the amendment. ate will come to order. Security and Medicare. I ask for the yeas and nays. Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, this Believe me, these are good things The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a amendment which we offer is one that that we hear about at home all the sufficient second? was debated last night on the floor of time. I believe that more people are There is a sufficient second. the Senate. It is very straightforward. more concerned about these matters The question is on agreeing to the If we are to go forward with a national than they are about total repeal of the motion. The clerk will call the roll. missile defense system, we should have estate tax, particularly for large es- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, will the honest, realistic testing, including tates. Chair kindly tap the gavel a little bit testing for countermeasures so we can f to clear the well? say to the American people: Your The PRESIDING OFFICER. Senators money is being well spent; so we can NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZA- will clear the well. The Senate will be say to them: If this is a source of secu- TION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR in order. The clerk will not proceed rity and defense for America, it is one 2001ÐResumed until Senators clear the well. that will work and function. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I thank Some have looked at my amendment the previous order, the time has ar- the Chair. and said it must be critical of the sys- rived to proceed to the next order of The assistant legislative clerk called tem because DURBIN has questioned the business. the roll. system in the past. I presented, during The Senator from Delaware. Mr. REID. I announce that the Sen- the course of the debate last night, a Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, I ask unan- ator from Maryland (Ms. MIKULSKI) is letter from the Director of Testing and imous consent that the next votes in necessarily absent. Evaluation in the Department of De- the series be limited to 10 minutes The result was announcedÐyeas 81, fense, Mr. Philip Coyle, in which he each. nays 18, as follows: writes to me and says: VerDate 11-MAY-2000 00:42 Jul 14, 2000 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G13JY6.010 pfrm01 PsN: S13PT1 S6592 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Ð SENATE July 13, 2000 This letter is to support your effort to re- Missle defense deployment requires A missile defense system that under- inforce the need for realistic testing of the enormous public commitmentÐnot un- mines our Nation politically, economi- National Missile Defense System. like our effort to put a man on the cally, and strategicallyÐwithout It is very clear to the Pentagon, as it Moon. strengthening our defenseÐis no de- is to those who listened to the debate While success can never be guaran- fense at all. last night, that this is not a friendly teed, American people have a right to The American people have a right to amendment nor an amendment that know that success is possibleÐbefore know thatÐif we deploy a national sets out to end the national missile de- we commit $60 billion, or more, to it. missile defense systemÐit will work. fense system. This is an amendment The President must have confidence The Durban amendment will take a big which asks for the facts and asks for the system will work. Also, critically step toward providing them with that the reality. I hope Senators will sup- important, our adversaries must know assurance. We should adopt it. port it. a national defense system will work. Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, 50 Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I come A deterrent is not effective if en- Nobel laureates signed an open letter to the floor this morning to voice my emies can be confident it may not, or to President Clinton on July 6, 2000, support for perhaps the most impor- will not, work.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nobel Laureates Endorse Joe Biden
    Nobel Laureates endorse Joe Biden 81 American Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry, and Medicine have signed this letter to express their support for former Vice President Joe Biden in the 2020 election for President of the United States. At no time in our nation’s history has there been a greater need for our leaders to appreciate the value of science in formulating public policy. During his long record of public service, Joe Biden has consistently demonstrated his willingness to listen to experts, his understanding of the value of international collaboration in research, and his respect for the contribution that immigrants make to the intellectual life of our country. As American citizens and as scientists, we wholeheartedly endorse Joe Biden for President. Name Category Prize Year Peter Agre Chemistry 2003 Sidney Altman Chemistry 1989 Frances H. Arnold Chemistry 2018 Paul Berg Chemistry 1980 Thomas R. Cech Chemistry 1989 Martin Chalfie Chemistry 2008 Elias James Corey Chemistry 1990 Joachim Frank Chemistry 2017 Walter Gilbert Chemistry 1980 John B. Goodenough Chemistry 2019 Alan Heeger Chemistry 2000 Dudley R. Herschbach Chemistry 1986 Roald Hoffmann Chemistry 1981 Brian K. Kobilka Chemistry 2012 Roger D. Kornberg Chemistry 2006 Robert J. Lefkowitz Chemistry 2012 Roderick MacKinnon Chemistry 2003 Paul L. Modrich Chemistry 2015 William E. Moerner Chemistry 2014 Mario J. Molina Chemistry 1995 Richard R. Schrock Chemistry 2005 K. Barry Sharpless Chemistry 2001 Sir James Fraser Stoddart Chemistry 2016 M. Stanley Whittingham Chemistry 2019 James P. Allison Medicine 2018 Richard Axel Medicine 2004 David Baltimore Medicine 1975 J. Michael Bishop Medicine 1989 Elizabeth H. Blackburn Medicine 2009 Michael S.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Charles D. Ferguson, on Behalf Of
    FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS T: 202/546-3300 1725 DeSales Street, NW 6th Floor Washington, DC 20036 www.fas.org F: 202/675-1010 [email protected] PRM-70-9 DOCKETED Board of Sponsors (75FR80730) USNRC (PartialList) March 4, 2011 March 7, 2011 (10:30 am) •Pacr Agre * SidnheyAman * Philip W. Anderson *Kenneth J. Arrow To: Secretary, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission OFFICE OF SECRETARY * David Baltimore RULEMAKINGS AND * Bamj Be.....ea Washington, DC 20555-0001 SPaulBerg ADJUDICATIONS STAFF * J. Michael Bishop AT-TN: Rulemakings and Adjudications Staff * Guther Blobel * Nicolaas Bloensbergen * Paul Boyce Ann Pitts Carter Subject: Comment on Docket ID NRC-2010-0372, "Petition for Rulemaking, * Stanley Cohen * Leon N. Cooper Francis Slakey on Behalf of the American Physical Society" * E. J. Corey 'James Cronin * Johann Deismehofer ArmDruyan *RenatoDulbeomo As Board Members of the Federation of American Scientists, an independent, Paul L Ehrlich George Field nonpartisan think tank, we strongly support the petition submitted by the Vat L. Fitch * JeromeI. Friedman American Physical Society that requests proliferation risk assessments become a * Riccardo Giacoani * Walter Gilbert required part of the NRC licensing process. * Alfed G. Gilman " Donald Glaser * Sheldon L. Glashow Marvin L. Goidhergr * Joseph L. Goldstein Emerging nuclear fuel technologies such as laser enrichment of uranium can pose Roger C. L. Gaillemin * L[land H. Hartwell significant proliferation risks due to difficulties in detecting facilities using these * Herbert A. Hauptman " Dudley RKHIaechach technologies. If such technologies are developed without a clear, objective, and * Roald Hoff-aan John P. Hoidren detailed assessment, they can dangerously undermine U.S. nuclear * -l Robert Horvitz * David H.
    [Show full text]
  • Date: To: September 22, 1 997 Mr Ian Johnston©
    22-SEP-1997 16:36 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 4& 8 6603847 SID 01 NOBELSTIFTELSEN The Nobel Foundation TELEFAX Date: September 22, 1 997 To: Mr Ian Johnston© Company: Executive Office of the Secretary-General Fax no: 0091-2129633511 From: The Nobel Foundation Total number of pages: olO MESSAGE DearMrJohnstone, With reference to your fax and to our telephone conversation, I am enclosing the address list of all Nobel Prize laureates. Yours sincerely, Ingr BergstrSm Mailing address: Bos StU S-102 45 Stockholm. Sweden Strat itddrtSMi Suircfatan 14 Teleptelrtts: (-MB S) 663 » 20 Fsuc (*-«>!) «W Jg 47 22-SEP-1997 16:36 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 46 B S603847 SID 02 22-SEP-1997 16:35 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 46 8 6603847 SID 03 Professor Willis E, Lamb Jr Prof. Aleksandre M. Prokhorov Dr. Leo EsaJki 848 North Norris Avenue Russian Academy of Sciences University of Tsukuba TUCSON, AZ 857 19 Leninskii Prospect 14 Tsukuba USA MSOCOWV71 Ibaraki Ru s s I a 305 Japan 59* c>io Dr. Tsung Dao Lee Professor Hans A. Bethe Professor Antony Hewlsh Department of Physics Cornell University Cavendish Laboratory Columbia University ITHACA, NY 14853 University of Cambridge 538 West I20th Street USA CAMBRIDGE CB3 OHE NEW YORK, NY 10027 England USA S96 014 S ' Dr. Chen Ning Yang Professor Murray Gell-Mann ^ Professor Aage Bohr The Institute for Department of Physics Niels Bohr Institutet Theoretical Physics California Institute of Technology Blegdamsvej 17 State University of New York PASADENA, CA91125 DK-2100 KOPENHAMN 0 STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA D anni ark USA 595 600 613 Professor Owen Chamberlain Professor Louis Neel ' Professor Ben Mottelson 6068 Margarldo Drive Membre de rinstitute Nordita OAKLAND, CA 946 IS 15 Rue Marcel-Allegot Blegdamsvej 17 USA F-92190 MEUDON-BELLEVUE DK-2100 KOPENHAMN 0 Frankrike D an m ar k 599 615 Professor Donald A.
    [Show full text]
  • THE GENOMIC SEQUENCING TECHNIQUE George M. Church
    Medical Genetics: Past, Present, Future, pages 17-21 © 1985 Alan R. Llss , Inc. THE GENOMIC SEQUENCING TECHNIQUE George M. Church and Walter Gilbert Biogen Cambridge , Massachusetts 02 142 In a mammalian cell , the DNA corresponding to any gene sequence is surrounded by DNA corr esponding to some million other such sequences. How can we study a specific gene without isolating it away from al l others? We have devised a technfque that will display the se quence of any gene without previous purification (Ch urch and Gilbert 1983) . Our method extends the Southern blotting technique to a new degree of sensitivity . \.J'e use a radioactive probe not just to identify a single r estriction fragment of DNA but as a way of end-labeling a unique restriction fragment. This end- label ing by hybridization is analogous to the end- labeling that we do in the conventional DNA sequencing , which enables us to display in any partial digest a series of fragments extending out f r om the point of label ing as a series of labeled bands separated by size . Although the chemical DNA sequencing techniques usually use onl y a single labeled phosphate, if the hybridization probe is kept moderately short, on the order of 100 nucleotides , it will serve as a end- label that can display sequence running out several hundred bases beyond the end of the probe . We take total DNA and cut it with a restr iction enzyme, one of .whose cuts is close to the sequence of interest. After we perform the chemical sequencing reactions on that total DNA, we electrophorese the ~enatured DNA through a conventional sequencing gel.
    [Show full text]
  • Ivar Giaever Pseudoscience
    Name______________________________________________________ PGS___________ YouTube Skepticism Is Global Warming Pseudoscience? Video: v=SXxHfb66ZgM – Nobel Laureate in Physics; "Global Warming is Pseudoscience" [33m] 1. The speaker, Ivar Giaever, identifies himself as a/n A. meteorologist familiar with everyday weather patterns. B. climatologist familiar with long-term climate trends. C. atmospheric scientist specializing in temperature data. D. physicist who doesn’t think much about global warming. 2. What is his research background regarding global warming? A. a 50-year career in climate science B. an extensive review of published literature in climate science journals C. a day or so on Google 3. In this speech at a conference to a large audience, Giaever claims that global warming is a new religion because you cannot ______________________________ about it. 4. Giaever says science comes in many forms. Select all the forms he identifies. __real science __pathological science __fraudulent science __sociopathic science __junk science __pseudoscience 5. Which accepted definition of “pseudoscience” does Giaever present on his slide? A. “a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method.” B. “a system of theories, assumptions, and methods erroneously regarded as scientific.” C. Both of these dictionary definitions are presented. D. Neither of these—he makes up his own definition. 6. At this point in the speech, what is Giaever’s answer to his own question, “Is global warming pseudoscience?” A. yes B. no C. maybe D. you be the judge 7. Giaever begins his argument by questioning the validity of the Nobel prize for A. chemistry B. economics C. peace D. physics 8. He continues by rejecting the validity of historical _?_ data.
    [Show full text]
  • Brief Newsletter from World Scientific February 2017
    Brief Newsletter from World Scientific February 2017 Exclusive Interview with 2003 Nobel Laureate One of the Top Condensed Matter Theorists and World Scientific Author Anthony Leggett Sir Professor Anthony James Leggett is a distinguished physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003 for his pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids. He is currently a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Prof Leggett gave a presentation at the 2016 APS March Meeting in Baltimore, USA on “Reflections on the past, present and future of condensed matter physics”. In a phone interview, he shared with us some of his thoughts and further musings on the future of condensed matter physics. Paradigm Shift and Our Quest for the Unknown Chad Hollingsworth Your talk at the APS March Meeting 2016 mentioned developments That probably depends on your current tenure status! Certainly, if that you classified as “paradigm shifts”. Are there any recent you have a secure, tenured job (as I have been fortunate enough to discoveries that you would classify as paradigm shifts? have for the last few decades), then I think most certainly it’s better Well, if we go slightly outside the area of condensed matter physics to explore the unknown. But, of course, I appreciate that in the current as it has been conventionally defined, then, undoubtedly, any employment situation, people who have not got a tenured job need revolution which overthrew the view of quantum mechanics as a to think about their future. This may well be a rather strong pressure complete account of the world would, I think, certainly qualify as a to basically explore the known further.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record—Senate S6593
    July 13, 2000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Ð SENATE S6593 E. J. Corey, Harvard University, 1990 Nobel The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- AMENDMENT NO. 3753 Prize in chemistry. ator from Mississippi. Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I James W. Cronin, University of Chicago, Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, the am pleased that the Senate has taken 1980 Nobel Prize in physics. an important step toward protecting Renato Dulbecco, The Salk Institute, 1975 Durbin amendment is unnecessary. It Nobel Prize in medicine. purports to direct the manner and de- the lives and property of all Americans Edmond H. Fischer, Univ. of Washington, tails of a missile testing program that with the passage of the Firefighter In- 1992 Nobel Prize in medicine. the Secretary of Defense is committed vestment and Response Enhancement Val L. Fitch, Princeton University, 1980 to conduct already. Act. I am proud today to join with Sen- Nobel Prize in physics. This amendment is an unprecedented ators DODD and DEWINE as a cosponsor Robert F. Furchgott, Suny Health Science effort by the Senate to micromanage a of this legislation. I wish to thank Sen- Ctr., 1998 Nobel Prize in medicine. ator DODD and Senator DEWINE for the Murray Gell-Mann, Santa Fe Institute, weapons system testing program. In no 1969 Nobel Prize in physics. other program has the Senate tried to leadership and effort they have shown Ivar Giaever, Rensselaer Polytechnic Insti- legislate in this way to dictate to DOD on behalf of the men and women serv- tute, 1973 Nobel Prize in physics. how a classified national security test- ing as firefighters across the nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Letter to the American People
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: October 18, 2016 AN OPEN LETTER TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE The coming Presidential election will have profound consequences for the future of our country and the world. To preserve our freedoms, protect our constitutional government, safeguard our national security, and ensure that all members of our nation will be able to work together for a better future, it is imperative that Hillary Clinton be elected as the next President of the United States. Some of the most pressing problems that the new President will face — the devastating effects of debilitating diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and cancer, the need for alternative sources of energy, and climate change and its consequences — require vigorous support for science and technology and the assurance that scientific knowledge will inform public policy. Such support is essential to this country’s economic future, its health, its security, and its prestige. Strong advocacy for science agencies, initiatives to promote innovation, and sensible immigration and education policies are crucial to the continued preeminence of the U.S. scientific work force. We need a President who will support and advance policies that will enable science and technology to flourish in our country and to provide the basis of important policy decisions. For these reasons and others, we, as U.S. Nobel Laureates concerned about the future of our nation, strongly and fully support Hillary Clinton to be the President of the United States. Peter Agre, Chemistry 2003 Carol W. Greider, Medicine 2009 Sidney Altman, Chemistry 1989 David J. Gross, Physics 2004 Philip W. Anderson, Physics 1977 Roger Guillemin, Medicine 1977 Kenneth J.
    [Show full text]
  • Federation of American Scientists
    FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS T: 202/546-3300 1717 K Street NW #209 Washington, DC 20036 www.fas.org F: 202/675-1010 [email protected] Board of Sponsors (Partial List) November 12, 2001 *Sidney Altman *Philip W. Anderson Hon Tom Daschle Hon J. Dennis Hastert *Kenneth J. Arrow *Julius Axelrod Senate Majority Leader Speaker of the House *David Baltimore *Baruj Benacerraf *Hans A. Bethe *J. Michael Bishop Hon Trent Lott Hon Richard Gephardt *Nicolaas Bloembergen *Norman Borlaug Senate Minority Leader House Minority Leader *Paul Boyer Ann Pitts Carter *Owen Chamberlain In the interest of national security we urge you to deny funding for any program, project, or Morris Cohen *Stanley Cohen activity that is inconsistent with the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty. The tragic events Mildred Cohn *Leon N. Cooper of September 11 eliminated any doubt that America faces security needs far more substantial *E. J. Corey *James Cronin than a technically improbable defense against a strategically improbable Third World *Johann Deisenhofer ballistic missile attack. Ann Druyan *Renato Dulbecco John T. Edsall Paul R. Ehrlich Regarding the probable threat, the September 11 attacks have dramatized what has been George Field obvious for years: A primitive ICBM, with its dubious accuracy and reliability and bearing *Val L. Fitch *Jerome I. Friedman a clear return address, is unattractive to a terrorist and a most improbable delivery system for John Kenneth Galbraith *Walter Gilbert a terrorist weapon. Devoting massive effort and expense to countering the least probable *Donald Glaser and least effective threat would be unwise. *Sheldon L. Glashow Marvin L. Goldberger *Joseph L.
    [Show full text]
  • Nobel Laureates with Their Contribution in Biomedical Engineering
    NOBEL LAUREATES WITH THEIR CONTRIBUTION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING Nobel Prizes and Biomedical Engineering In the year 1901 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen received Nobel Prize in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him. Röntgen is considered the father of diagnostic radiology, the medical specialty which uses imaging to diagnose disease. He was the first scientist to observe and record X-rays, first finding them on November 8, 1895. Radiography was the first medical imaging technology. He had been fiddling with a set of cathode ray instruments and was surprised to find a flickering image cast by his instruments separated from them by some W. C. Röntgenn distance. He knew that the image he saw was not being cast by the cathode rays (now known as beams of electrons) as they could not penetrate air for any significant distance. After some considerable investigation, he named the new rays "X" to indicate they were unknown. In the year 1903 Niels Ryberg Finsen received Nobel Prize in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science. In beautiful but simple experiments Finsen demonstrated that the most refractive rays (he suggested as the “chemical rays”) from the sun or from an electric arc may have a stimulating effect on the tissues. If the irradiation is too strong, however, it may give rise to tissue damage, but this may to some extent be prevented by pigmentation of the skin as in the negro or in those much exposed to Niels Ryberg Finsen the sun.
    [Show full text]
  • Programme 70Th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting 27 June - 2 July 2021
    70 Programme 70th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting 27 June - 2 July 2021 Sessions Speakers Access Background Scientific sessions, Nobel Laureates, Clear guidance Everything else social functions, young scientists, to all viewing there is to know partner events, invited experts, and participation for a successful networking breaks moderators options meeting 2 Welcome Two months ago, everything was well on course to celebrate And yet: this interdisciplinary our 70th anniversary with you, in Lindau. anniversary meeting will feature But with the safety and health of all our participants being the most rich and versatile programme ever. of paramount importance, we were left with only one choice: It will provide plenty of opportunity to educate, inspire, go online. connect – and to celebrate! Join us. 4 PARTICIPATING LAUREATES 4 PARTICIPATING LAUREATES 5 Henry A. Joachim Donna George P. Hartmut Michael M. Adam Hiroshi Kissinger Frank Strickland Smith Michel Rosbash Riess Amano Jeffrey A. Peter Richard R. James P. Randy W. Brian K. Barry C. Dean Agre Schrock Allison Schekman Kobilka Barish John L. Harvey J. Robert H. J. Michael Martin J. Hall Alter Grubbs Kosterlitz Evans F. Duncan David J. Ben L. Edmond H. Carlo Brian P. Kailash Elizabeth Haldane Gross Feringa Fischer Rubbia Schmidt Satyarthi Blackburn Robert B. Reinhard Aaron Walter Barry J. Harald Takaaki Laughlin Genzel Ciechanover Gilbert Marshall zur Hausen Kajita Christiane Serge Steven Françoise Didier Martin Nüsslein- Haroche Chu Barré-Sinoussi Queloz Chalfie Volhard Anthony J. Gregg L. Robert J. Saul Klaus William G. Leggett Semenza Lefkowitz Perlmutter von Klitzing Kaelin Jr. Stefan W. Thomas C. Emmanuelle Kurt Ada Konstantin S.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tribute to Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on Its 100Th Birthday
    EUGENE GARFIELD IN ST ItUTE FoR SCIENTIFIC IN FOe M.4T10N@ 3501 MARKET ST PHILADELPHIA PA 19104 A Tribute to Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 011 Its IO(MI Biih(ky: Jan A. Witkowski Reviews Its HisEory and the Highest Impact Sympsia Publications Number 28 July 9, 1990 In March of this year, i%e Scienrist@pre- University of Southampton in 1968 and a sented a survey of small, independent re- PhD in biochemistry from the University of search institutions in the US. 1Twenty such London in 1972. Between 1972 and 1982 institutions were ranked by the citation im- he was a research fellow at the Institute of pact of their papers published between 1973 Child Health, London, and at the Mayo and 1987. Although the Salk Institute for Clinic, Rochester, Mimesota. From 1982 Biological Studies and the Scripps Clinic and to 1986, he was a lecturer in the Department Research Foundation, both of San Diego, of Pediatrics, Royal Postgraduate Medical California, received the most citations (over School, University of London. He then 124,000 each), the institution that topped the served as director, Kleberg DNA Diagnostic list by citation impact was the Cold Spring Laboratory, and assistant professor, Institute Harbor Laborato~, New York. As David for Molecular Genetics, at Baylor College Pendlebury observed, papers published from of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Cold Spring Harbor had a citation impact Witkowski came to Cold Spring Harbor more than five times greater than the average in 1987. As director of the Banbury Center, for the entire Science Citation Indexm data- he determines topics for conferences at the base.
    [Show full text]