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Kepentingan Dan Pengaruh Rusia Terhadap Gerakan Separatis Transnistria Dalam Konflik Moldova-Transnistria

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Kepentingan Dan Pengaruh Rusia Terhadap Gerakan Separatis Transnistria Dalam Konflik Moldova-Transnistria KEPENTINGAN DAN PENGARUH RUSIA TERHADAP GERAKAN SEPARATIS TRANSNISTRIA DALAM KONFLIK MOLDOVA-TRANSNISTRIA SKRIPSI Diajukan Kepada Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Untuk Memenuhi Syarat-Syarat Mencapai Gelar Sarjana Sosial Oleh: RETA MARINA PRATIWI NIM. 1111114000015 PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2016 PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIARISME Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa Skripsi yang berjudul: KEPENTINGAN DAN PENGARUH RUSIA TERHADAP GERAKAN SEPARATIS TRANSNISTRIA DALAM KONFLIK MOLDOVA-TRANSNISTRIA 1. Merupakan karya asli saya yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan memperoleh gelar Strata 1 di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Semua sumber yang saya gunakan dalam penelitian ini telah saya cantumkan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Jika di kemudian hari terbukri bahwa karya saya ini bukan hasil karya asli saya atau merupakan hasil jiplakan dari karya orang lain, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Jakarta, 12 April 2016 Reta Marina Pratiwi i PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING SKRIPSI Dengan ini, Pembimbing Skripsi menyatakan bahwa mahasiswa: Nama : Reta Marina Pratiwi NIM : 1111114000015 Program Studi : Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Telah menyelesaikan penelitian skripsi dengan judul: “KEPENTINGAN DAN PENGARUH RUSIA TERHADAP GERAKAN SEPARATIS TRANSNISTRIA DALAM KONFLIK MOLDOVA-TRANSNISTRIA” Dan telah memenuhi persyaratan untuk diuji. Jakarta, 12 April 2016 Mengetahui, Menyetujui, Ketua Program Studi Dosen Pembimbing, Dr. Badrus Sholeh, MA Dr. Badrus Sholeh, MA NIP: 197102111999031002 NIP: 197102111999031002 ii PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN SKRIPSI SKRIPSI KEPENTINGAN DAN PENGARUH RUSIA TERHADAP GERAKAN SEPARATIS TRANSNISTRIA DALAM KONFLIK MOLDOVA-TRANSNISTRIA Oleh: RETA MARINA PRATIWI NIM. 1111114000015 Telah dipertahankan dalam sidang ujian skripsi di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta pada tanggal 12 April 2016. Skripsi ini telah diterima sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) pada Program Studi Hubungan Internasional. Ketua sidang, Sekretaris sidang, Dr. Badrus Sholeh, MA Eva Mushoffa, M.HSPs. NIP. 197102111999031002 NIP. Penguji I, Penguji II, Nazaruddin E.Nasution, SH. MA Robi Sugara, M.Sc NIP. NIP. Diterima dan dinyatakan memenuhi syarat kelulusan pada tanggal 12 April 2016 Ketua Program Studi, Dr. Badrus Sholeh, MA NIP. 197102111999031002 iii ABSTRAKSI Skripsi ini menganalisa tentang pengaruh gerakan separatis Transnistria terhadap kepentingan Rusia di Moldova. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kepentingan Rusia mendukung gerakan separatis Transnistria di Moldova. Dalam penelitiannya, Skripsi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengambil berbagai sumber dan data yang akan diverifikasi. Skripsi ini berisi tentang awal terbentuknya gerakan separatis Transnistria hingga penyelesaian masalah yang tak kunjung selesai (frozen conflict). Dalam konflik tersebut terdapat kepentingan Rusia serta dukungan untuk mengembangkan gerakan separatis Transnitria. Dengan adanya gerakan separatis Transnistria yang didukung negara besar seperti Rusia, Moldova mulai terancam. Hal ini membuat penulis menganalisa menggunakan Konsep Keamanan pada Negara Moldova dan Kebijakan Luar Negeri yang mengarah pada Kepentingan Nasional Rusia. Konsep keamanan dipakai penulis untuk menganalisa ancaman yang ditimbulkan dari intervensi Rusia terhadap Moldova. Sedangkan pada Konsep Kebijakan Luar Negeri dipakai penulis untuk menganalisa faktor-faktor yang mendasari Rusia membuat Kebijakan Luar Negeri di negara bekas Uni Soviet terutama Moldova dalam pengaruhnya di wilayah Transnistria. Pada konsep kedua penulis memaparkan bahwa kebijakan luar negeri yang dimiliki Rusia merupakan cara untuk mendapatkan Kepentingan Nasional Rusia di dalam gerakan separatis Transnistria. Kata kunci: Rusia-Transnistria-Moldova, Gerakan Separatis, Konsep Keamanan, Kebijakan Luar Negeri, Kepentingan Nasional. iv KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillah Rabb al-Alamin. Segala puji dan syukur kepada Allah SWT atas segala rahmat, nikmat dan petunjuknya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini untuk memenuhi persyaratan memperoleh gelar sarjana pada program studi Hubungan Internasional. Penulis menyadari bahwa penyelesaian skripsi ini bukan hanya dari usaha penulis seorang diri, melainkan juga karena dukungan, saran, semangat dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak yang telah mendukung proses penyelesaian skripsi ini. Skripsi ini penulis persembahkan untuk kedua orang tua yaitu ayah Mayor Eko Subaryono sekaligus komandan yang terbaik dalam hidup penulis dan Mama Titin Endrawati. Terima kasih yah,mah atas segala perjuangan yang kalian berikan, apapun yang penulis lakukan tidak pernah membalas segala jerih payah kalian. Begitu pula kepada Mbah Akung Mayor Purnawirawan Soekardi Kasidi(alm) dan Mbah Uti Kasmiati(alm), yang jauh di raga namun sangat dekat dalam ikatan doa. Terima kasih juga kepada adikku tercinta Rayhanna Osha Claresta yang selalu memberikan keceriaan dan kehangatan yang tak pernah tergantikan. Terselesaikannya skripsi ini, tentunya tak lepas dari dorongan dan uluran tangan berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, tak salah kiranya bila penulis mengungkapkan rasa terima kasih dan penghargaan kepada: 1. Bapak Badrus Sholeh, MA, Kepala Program Studi Hubungan Internasional sekaligus Pembimbing Skripsi yang telah meluangkan waktu dan banyak berkontribusi dalam mengarahkan penulis untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini di waktu yang tepat. 2. Ibu Debbie Affianty, MA, yang telah memberikan banyak support serta menginspirasi dalam penelitian proposal skripsi sebelumnya dan selalu mendorong penulis untuk segera menyelesaikan Skripsi ini. 3. Bapak Nazarudin Nasution, SH.,MA dan Bapak Robi Sugara, M.Sc selaku penguji. Terimakasih pak atas informasi dan bimbingan tambahan saat sidang skripsi berlangsung. 4. Almarhum, Bapak Budi Satari, M.Sc.; Bapak Irfan Hutagalung, S.H, LLM; Bapak Ahmad Alfajri; Bapak Adian Firnas Msi; Bapak Pribadi, Bapak Taufiqurrahman, Bapak Teguh Santosa, Ibu Sri Mulyati, Ibu Mutiara Pertiwi, ibu Dina Afianty, Ph D, ibu Eva Mushoffa,MA yang telah memberikan sumbangsih ilmunya selama empat tahun masa studi di program studi HI ini. Semoga ilmu yang penulis terima bisa bermanfaat di kehidupan selanjutnya. 5. Sahabat seperjuangan penulis dalam merampungkan penelitian ini, HI kelas Internasional 2011(IRIC): Niken Aulia Febrina, Masmuhah/ocha, v Selvy, Desica, Hary, Tito, buk Aptiani, Ulfah, Bang Kiki, Bayu, Babeh Andika, Ical, Bang Hasmar, Rifqi, Adnan, Alif. Tidak akan pernah ada hal yang menakjubkan selain pernah bersinar bersama kalian, Matur Nuwun sanget guys. 6. Sahabat terbaik penulis Faisal Abdau, yang telah bersama-sama berjuang dalam canda dan duka. Terima kasih kak atas dukungannya yang membawa penulis menyelesaikan Skripsi ini. 7. Sahabat penulis, Dinda Augusti Veranza, Marno, bang Adhy Nugraha dan Bunga Fitriani, terima kasih kalian selalu ada di hari terburuk penulis. Dukungan kalian tidak bisa digantikan dengan materi apapun. 8. Teman-teman penulis, teh Puji, Sepinia, Widya, Amy, Shofi, Eska, Rizka, Zahra, Febriana (dante), Syahria, teh Dede, dek Mutiara, dek Ayu, dek Qures, mbak Dyah, teman-teman KKN MEDALI 2014, serta teman-teman karyawan cafe bus, cafe class yang telah memberikan keceriaan dan persahabatan tanpa memandang perbedaan. 9. Special thanks untuk sahabat jauh penulis, kak Rashidah, Mr. Abemie, Zhou, Aisyah, dan teman-teman Asean Youth Volunteer lainnya. Terimakasih sudah selalu mengingatkan untuk terus mengejar cita-cita. Terimakasih yang tak terhingga untuk seluruh pihak yang dikenal penulis atas dukungan support, materil, moril serta doanya selama ini. Sehingga fase ini bisa dilalui penulis dengan kemudahan keindahan dan keberkahan. Semoga semua kebaikan tercatat dan bisa menjadi amal ibadah sampai akhir hayat. Jakarta, 12 April 2016 Reta Marina Pratiwi vi DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAKSI ..................................................................................................................... iv KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................................ v DAFTAR ISI...................................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR GAMBAR ..........................................................................................................ix DAFTAR SINGKATAN .................................................................................................... x BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Pernyataan Masalah ............................................................................................ 1 1.2 Pertanyaan Penelitian .......................................................................................... 8 1.3 Manfaat dan Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................... 8 1.4 Tinjauan Pustaka ................................................................................................. 8 1.5 Kerangka Konseptual ........................................................................................ 11 1.6 Metode Penelitian ............................................................................................. 18 1.7 Sistematika
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