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Painful Past, Fragile Future the Delicate Balance in the Western Balkans Jergović, Goldsworthy, Vučković, Reka, Sadiku Kolozova, Szczerek and Others

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Painful Past, Fragile Future the Delicate Balance in the Western Balkans Jergović, Goldsworthy, Vučković, Reka, Sadiku Kolozova, Szczerek and Others No 2(VII)/2013 Price 19 PLN (w tym 5% VAT) 10 EUR 12 USD 7 GBP ISSN: 2083-7372 quarterly April-June www.neweasterneurope.eu Painful Past, Fragile Future The delicate balance in the Western Balkans Jergović, Goldsworthy, Vučković, Reka, Sadiku Kolozova, Szczerek and others. Strange Bedfellows: A Question Ukraine’s oligarchs and the EU of Solidarity Paweï Kowal Zygmunt Bauman Books & Reviews: Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Mykola Riabchuk, Robert D. Kaplan and Jan Švankmajer Seversk: A New Direction A Siberian for Transnistria? Oasis Kamil Caïus Marcin Kalita Piotr Oleksy Azerbaijan ISSN 2083-7372 A Cause to Live For www.neweasterneurope.eu / 13 2(VII) Emin Milli Arzu Geybullayeva Nominated for the 2012 European Press Prize Dear Reader, In 1995, upon the declaration of the Dayton Peace Accords, which put an end to one of the bloodiest conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, the Bosnian War, US President, Bill Clinton, announced that leaders of the region had chosen “to give their children and their grandchildren the chance to lead a normal life”. Today, after nearly 20 years, the wars are over, in most areas peace has set in, and stability has been achieved. And yet, in our interview with Blerim Reka, he echoes Clinton’s words saying: “It is the duty of our generation to tell our grandchildren the successful story of the Balkans, different from the bloody Balkans one which we were told about.” This and many more observations made by the authors of this issue of New Eastern Europe piece together a complex picture of a region marred by a painful past and facing a hopeful, yet fragile future. Bosnian writer, Miljenko Jergović, while analysing Croatia’s entry into the European Union, compares the countries in the region to a bazaar, claiming that his fellow countrymen have “behaved like utter fraudsters in the way they have sold Europe falsely-declared goods”. Polish journalist Ziemowit Szczerek draws attention to the remaining conflict-prone areas and shows that borders still matter – even on a continent that is so proud of having broken them. Skopje-based Artan Sadiku and Katerina Kolozova show their city as divided to the point of being schizophrenic. Other articles in the issue explore the promises and challenges of Serbia’s new government, the slow process of reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Yugo-nostalgia, a phenomenon of longing for the old system. In addition, philosopher and sociologist Zygmunt Bauman, asks whether the idea of Solidarity, so important in the 20th century, is relevant today? If not, does this mean that there is a qualitative change in the way we will create foreign policy? This could include, for example, thinking outside the box, as suggested by Polish politician and member of the European Parliament, Paweł Kowal, when he argues that the EU should start working with Ukraine’s oligarchs. It is also a great pleasure for us to announce that in early January our magazine was nominated in the Editing category for the prestigious European Press Prize 2012, with the jury of the award writing that: “New Eastern Europe quarterly is an extremely good and ambitious publication. It combines own reporting and analysis with thoughtfully selected pieces from the media in the region it covers, and outside contributions.” As always, we invite you to join us on our website, Facebook and Twitter and also encourage you to take a look at our new mobile edition for iPads and Androids. The Editors 4 Contents Opinion and Analysis 7 A Word in Search of Flesh: Solidarity 71 Yugo-nostalgia Zygmunt Bauman Dorota Majkowska-Szajer and Tomasz Szajer The world in which we live in is not particularly hospitable to solidarity. But 79 A Pact with the Oligarchs this does not mean that the spirit of and Paweł Kowal hunger for solidarity will give up. The fate of Ukraine lies in the hands of a group of the richest families, and any sensible policy 16 Balkan Poets towards Ukraine must take this into account. Vesna Goldsworthy 93 The Illusion of Elections 17 The Merchants of Europe Volodymyr Ariev Miljenko Jergović Presidents and prime ministers of Balkan countries have been convincing Europe 98 Expectations and Reality Collide that they represent the only guarantee that in Tiraspol the Balkans won’t descend back into war. Kamil Całus and Piotr Oleksy In January 2013, Yevgeny Shevchuk, the 25 The Yugo Aftershock president of Transnistria, completed his first Ziemowit Szczerek year as head of this unrecognised state. But has the young politician managed to fulfil any of the domestic or international expectations 37 The Struggles of Skopje during his first year in office? Artan Sadiku and Katerina Kolozova 106 Power Politics and Identity 46 Towards a Balkan Benelux in Azerbaijani-Iranian Relations A conversation with Blerim Reka Anar Abdullayev “The countries of the Balkans have no choice apart from the EU. Euro-Atlantic integration is our destiny. Peace in the Interviews Balkans can only be maintained under the security umbrella of NATO, and only under the EU as an institutional export towards 112 Life After Nazarbayev aspiring countries.” A conversation with Dosym Satypajev “Everyone is waiting for Nazarbayev’s decision 57 The Long Road towards Reconciliation on who his successor will be. Nobody would Sevan Pearson dare to question the president’s choice, as long as he is alive. But what happens afterwards is anybody’s guess.” 64 Solving the Unsolvable Zoran Vučković 118 Remembering Sasha A conversation with Marina Litvinenko 5 Reports Books and Reviews 125 An Oasis in the Siberian Desert 158 Lana Ravel – Listening to Bosnia’s Ghosts Marcin Kalita On Selvedin Avdić’s Seven Terrors This is a city where there is hot and cold water in every house all year round; a city 160 Maia Lazar – Complicated Diplomacy where the central heating is turned on in On Branislav Radeljic’s Europe and the flats in September, and not switched off Collapse of Yugoslavia: The Role of Non-State until the end of May. This is a city which Actors and European Diplomacy boasts the biggest monument to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin in western Siberia. This city is called Seversk. 162 Zośka Papużanka – Lessons Not Learnt On Joanna Bator’s Ciemno, prawie noc (Dark, Almost Night) 131 The City Built on Gold Gani Nasirov 166 Grzegorz Nurek – Behind Poland’s Success History On Tadeusz Mazowiecki Rok 1989 i lata następne (1989 and the Following Years). 136 History Goes to the Movies Łukasz Wojtusik 169 Maryana Prokop – At the Until recently, Polish cinematography has Crossroads of Democracy been moderately successful at presenting On Mykola Riabchuk’s Від “хаосу” до historical narratives. While large “стабільності”. Хронікаавторитарноїко productions were meant to stir patriotic нсолідації (From “Chaos” to “Stability”. feelings, the more ambitious directors A chronicle of an authoritarian system). stayed away from history. This has recently changed. 171 Ziemowit Szczerek – The Revenge of Kaplan People, Ideas, Inspiration On Robert D. Kaplan’s The Revenge of Geography: What the Map Tells Us about Coming Conflicts and the 144 A Cause to Live For Battle against Fate. A conversation with Emin Milli and Arzu Geybullayeva “In Azerbaijan, we don’t just need good 174 Piotr Oleksy – International politicians to change our society. We (In)significance? need even more good journalists, creative On Moldova: Arena of International writers, courageous businessmen and Influences, eds. M. Kosienkowski responsible citizens.” and W. Schreiber 152 The Hidden Fruit of the Underground 177 Michael Stein – The Last Evgeny Kaprov of the Great Surrealists Jan Švankmajer: Dimensions of Dialogue – Between Film and Fine Art. October 26th 2012 to February 3rd 2013. www.neweasterneurope.eu EDITOR AND PUBLISHER The Jan Nowak-Jeziorański College of Eastern Europe [email protected] Content with the notation (CC) is licensed under www.kew.org.pl the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. All attempts are made to give proper CO-EDITOR and appropriate attribution European Solidarity Centre to the author and source. [email protected] www.ecs.gda.pl The Editors do not return submitted texts unless requested. The Editors reserve EDITORIAL BOARD the right to edit and shorten submitted texts. Leonidas Donskis, Yaroslav Hrytsak, Ivan Krastev, Georges Mink, Zdzisław Najder, Cornelius Ochmann, Eugeniusz Smolar, Lilia Shevtsova, Circulating texts without the Editors’ Roman Szporluk, Jan Zielonka. permit is strictly forbidden. The Editors bear no responsibility for the content EDITORIAL TEAM of advertisements. Adam Reichardt, Editor-in-Chief Hayden Berry, Editor, Web Manager Iwona Reichardt, Editor, Lead Translator Copyright © by the Jan Nowak-Jeziorański College of Eastern Europe CONTRIBUTING ARTIST (Kolegium Europy Wschodniej Andrzej Zaręba im. Jana Nowaka-Jeziorańskiego), 2013 ADVERTISING Wiesława Nowosad Circulation: 4000 SUBSCRIPTION Printing: [email protected] Drukarnia Kolejowa Kraków Sp. z o.o. LAYOUT AND FORMATTING International Distribution: Agencja Reklamowa i Interaktywna www.pineapple-media.com SALON REKLAMY EDITORIAL OFFICES New Eastern Europe ul. Mazowiecka 25 p. 606 30-019 Kraków [email protected] European Solidarity Centre ul. Doki 1 80-958 Gdańsk tel.: +48 58 767 79 71 [email protected] A Word in Search of Flesh: Solidarity ZYGMUNT BAUMAN The world in which we live in is not particularly hospitable to solidarity. But this does not mean that the spirit of and hunger for solidarity will give up. To practise solidarity means to base one’s thinking and actions on the principle “one for all and all for one”. Respecting this principle of mutual responsibility (of the group for the individual, and the individual for the group) was labelled as the state of solidarité by the French Encyclopédie in 1765; a name coined from the adjective solidaire – “mutually dependent”, “complete”, “whole”; meaning a quality derived in its turn from the word “solide”: from the features of “solidity”, “completeness”, “massiveness”, and “permanence” it implies.
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