DOCSLIB.ORG

Index of Names

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Index of Names Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02209-6 — Language Conflict and Language Rights William D. Davies , Stanley Dubinsky Index More Information Index of Names Abas, Husen, 108 Daftary, Farimah, 227, 232 Abeykon, John, 322 Dahlman, Carl T., 244 Adams, David Wallace, 213 Daniels, Harvey A., 51, 147 Alexander, Neville, 129 Dardjowidjojo, Soenjono, 108 Alisbjahbana, S. T., 107 Das Gupta, Jyotirindra, 112–113 Anderson, Benedict, 99 Davitt, Michael, 121 Andrássy, György, 167 De Bres, Julia, 375 Anthonisz, Richard Gerald, 325 de Groof, Jetje, 315 Anwar, Kaidhir, 108 de Varennes, Fernand, 331 Austin, Peter K., 171 Debo, Angie, 212 Avalos, Antonio, 252 DeFrancis, John, 139 Aygen, Bartoš, 245 Deraniyagala, Siran Upendra, 322 Aygen, Gülşat, 245 DeVotta, Neil, 329, 331 Aytürk, İlker, 249 Diamond, Jared M., 117 Duignan, Peter J., 242 Bailey, Guy, 306 Bairon, Fija, 291 Eastman, Carol, 171, 367 Barclay, Kate, 291 Edwards, John, 171, 367 Batchelor, John, 206 Erikson, Erik H., 69 Baugh, John, 279, 304 Beheydt, Ludo, 318 Faingold, Eduardo D., 166 Beinart, William, 126 Fasold, Ralph, 102 Bélanger, Claude, 335 Fear, Jacqueline, 212 Belien, Paul, 318 Fellman, Jack, 379–380, 382 Bell, Allan, 359 Fennig, Charles D., 360, 370 Ben-Yehuda, Eliezer, 380–382 Fenyvesi, Anna, 224–225 Bideleux, Robert, 226 Fiala, Jan, 233 Bocian, Mariusz, 233 Fishman, Joshua A., 110, 371, 373, 378 Bowring, Richard, 140 Frankental, Sally, 117 Brenzinger, Matthias, 291, 358, 371 Fraser, Angus, 257 Bright, William, 147 Frese, Stephen J., 178, 180 Bucken-Knapp, Gregg, 200–202 Friedman, Victor, 261, 263, 266 Bull, Tove, 200 Busque, Anne-Marie, 339 Gál, Kinga, 227, 232 Gallaher, Carolyn, 244 Caldwell, Robert, 325, 328 Gandhi, K. L., 112, 114 Charity, Anne Harper, 300 Gates, Paul, 239 Chew Jr., John J., 290 Gelb, I. J., 142 Cole, Douglas, 95 Gilmartin, Mary, 244 Coulmas, Florian, 100–101 Goddard, Ives, 86 Curtis, Glenn E., 81 Golder, Scott, 29 404 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02209-6 — Language Conflict and Language Rights William D. Davies , Stanley Dubinsky Index More Information Index of Names 405 Goldwasser, Orly, 144 Lord, Nancy, 97–98 Grenersen, Geir, 200 Louw, P. Eric, 123, 128–130 Groff, Cynthia, 112 Lyon, Philip W., 226 Groszkowski, Jakub, 233 Macdonald, David Bruce, 60 Haertig, E. W., 76 MacMaster, John Bach, 178 Hancock, Ian, 257–258, 261, 265 Magga, Ole Henrik, 200, 204 Hanihara, Kazuro, 205 Magocsi, Paul Robert, 222 Harris, Roy, 102, 306 Manning, Patrick, 295 Hassanpour, Amir, 250 Martin, Laura, 86 Hatori, Reiko, 271 Maruyama, Hiroshi, 210 Hattori, Shiso, 206, 291 Matisoff, James A., 358 Heese, Hans F. A. 119 Matras, Yaron, 261–262, 265 Heinrich, Patrick, 291–293, 306–307 May, Stephen, 100, 166, 169, 375, 377 Hill, Jane, 361, 366, 368 McRae, Kenneth Douglas, 317, 319, 321 Hockett, Charles F., 132 McWhorter, John, 368 Hoffman, Michael, 76 Mendizabal, Isabel, 257 Holmberg, Gunnar, 285 Miller, Roy Andrew, 73, 285–286, Hopper, Paul, 362 289 Huysmanns, M. Camille, 317 Minde, Henry, 202 Mittleman, Joshua, 73 Idsardi, William, 279 Mnookin, Robert, 316 Irish, Ann B., 207 Morgan, Marcyliena, 303 Ishikida, Miki Y., 209, 211, 269, 271, 288 Moseley, Christopher, 371 Mufwene, Salikoko S., 171, 368 Jaszi, Oscar, 227 Mühlhäusler, Peter, 362 Jeffries, Ian, 226 Muniz-Arguelles, Luis, 275 Johnstone, Paula Lightening Woman, 215, 392 Joseph, John E., 70, 84–85, 369 Nebez, Jamal, 246 Julku, Kyösti, 196 Nettle, Daniel, 358 New, William, 263, 265 Kamwangamalu, Nkonko M., 119 Nishimura, Hiroko, 292 Kaplan, Lawrence, 87 Niskanen, Markku, 196 Karady, Victor, 227 Kenesei, Istvan, 224–225 O’Dwyer, Conor, 230 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke, 206 O’Neill, Michael, 316–317 Kloss, Heinz, 166 Özkaragöz, İnci, 245 Kontra, Miklós, 169, 230–232 Kopf, Dan, 297 Panico, Christopher, 250 Krauss, Michael, 358, 370–371 Park, Ju-min, 159 Kreyenbroek, Philip, 244 Pawb, Iaith, 378 Krouleck, Alison, 365 Peace, Hannah, 52 Kumaramangalam, S. Mohan, 113 Perez, Cris, 239 Kyuchukov, Hristo, 264 Phillipson, Robert, 167, 171 Pieris, Paulus Edward, 324 Ladefoged, Peter, 368 Planet, Ana I., 252 Laurie, Haruko Uryu, 140 Poplack, Shana, 302 Lee Catherine A., 76 Powell, M. A., 142 Lee, Wal-sun, 271 Pratt, Richard H., 214–215 Leibowitz, Arnold H., 240 Preston, Dennis, 57, 301 Leith, Dick, 102 Pukui, Mary Kawena, 76 Lewis, Saunders, 360, 370, 376 Pullum, Geoffrey K., 86, 93, 97, 305–306 Liberman, Anatoly, 49 Purnell, Thomas, 279, 304–305 Linteau, Paul-André, 338 Loomis, Charles Battell, 8 Quinn, George, 88 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02209-6 — Language Conflict and Language Rights William D. Davies , Stanley Dubinsky Index More Information 406 Index of Names Rice, Keren, 368 Thomas, Lorrin, 278–279 Robbeets, Martine I., 286, 289 Trudgill, Peter, 309 Robinson, Gregory, 301 Tucker, James T., 240 Romaine, Suzanne, 358 Türköz, Meltem, 76 Ruppel, Kristin T., 214 Turner, R., 257 Sallabank, Julia, 171 Üngör, Uğur Ü., 247 Sampson, Geoffrey, 142 Urciuoli, Bonnie, 279 Sandvik, Gudmund, 201 Sapir, Edward, 18–19, 69–70, 83, 85–86, Vago, Robert M., 224–225 99 Vaux, Bert, 29 Schmandt-Besserat, Denise, 135 Verbeke, Alain, 316 Schwegler, Brian A., 230, 232 Vos, Louis, 317–318 Scott, Brian M., 73 Vygotsky, Lev, 69 Seeley, Christopher, 140 Seton-Watson, Hugh, 99 Walker, Brett L., 208 Shibatani, Masayoshi, 206, 285–287, 289–291 Wardyn, Łukasz, 233 Shiffman, Harold F., 326 Watts, Nicole F., 249 Shoji, Shinichi, 92 Wee, Lionel, 101, 169–170, 362 Shousterman, Cara, 303 Weinreich, Max, 59, 157, 361 Sichone, Owen, 117 Whorf, Benjamin Lee, 85–86, 98 Siddle, Richard, 208, 210 Wilkerson, Isabel, 297 Simons, Gary F., 360, 370 Williams, Colin H., 375 Simpson, Jane, 368 Williams, Joseph M., 27 Sjöberg, Katarina, 210 Wolfram, Walt, 18 Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, 166–167, Woodbury, Anthony, 86, 367 169–171, 249 Worland, Justin, 365 Sperl, Stefan, 244 Wyloge, Evan, 182 Tanaka, Y., 292 Yilmaz, Hakan, 252 Tattrie, Jon, 336 Tay, Leslie, 242 Zaken, Mordechai, 244 Taylor, Talbot, 102 Zvelebil, Kamil Václav, 325 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02209-6 — Language Conflict and Language Rights William D. Davies , Stanley Dubinsky Index More Information Index of Languages, Nationalities, Ethnicities, and Places !Xû, see under Southern African languages: America, 172, 175, 181–182, 211, 241, Khoisan 280, 295–297, 335–336, 366–367 AAE/AAVE, see English language: African American (people), 3, 14–15, 25, 28–29, American Vernacular English 31–32, 52, 55–59, 71–73, 92–93, 102, Acadia, see under Canada 122, 126, 163–164, 174–175, 177–178, Acadian (people), 333, 335 180–183, 191–192, 211–214, 217–218, Adelaide, see under Australia 233–234, 236–237, 239, 258, 264, 270, Afghanistan, 244 272–273, 275–276, 278, 280, 284, 290, Afrikaans, see under Southern African 293–294, 297, 299–306, 308, 329, languages 335, 363 African (people), 29, 103, 116–117, 125–129, American English, see under English language 193, 278–279, 294–295, 297, American Indian (people), 4, 126, 180, 211, 302–303, 342 213–214, 217, 264 African American (Vernacular) English, see American Indian languages under English language Algic, 212 African Sahel, 342 Algonquian, 86, 212, 333 African American (people), 4, 41, 56, Cherokee, 151–152, 159, 212 193, 278–279, 284, 294, 297, Cheyenne, 212 299–306 Chinook, 89–90 Afrikaner (people), 119–120, 124–125, Choctaw, 171, 206, 212, 366 128, 191 Cree, 151 Ainu (language/people), 4, 34–35, 80, 163, Cupeno, 368 168, 172, 195, 200, 205–211, 214, 217, Dena’ina, 97 248, 250, 264, 267, 272, 291, 358–359, Hopi, 212, 368 364, 376 Huron, 333 Alabama, see under United States Iroquoian, 212 Alamblak (Papua New Guinea) (language/ Mikmaq, 27 people), 96 Mohawk, 212 Alaska, see under United States Montagnais, 86 Albania, 101, 264 Muscatine, 178 Albanian (language/people), 247 Muskogean, 212 Algeria, 104, 159, 254 Na-Dené, 212 Algic, see under American Indian languages Navaho, 72, 212 Algonquian, see under American Indian Seminole, 212 languages Southern Paiute, 19 Alta California, see under United States: Uto-Aztecan, 212 California Yupik, 86–87 Altaic (languages), 245, 285 Yurok, 372, 374 Amazigh, see Berber American Sign Language (ASL), 7 407 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02209-6 — Language Conflict and Language Rights William D. Davies , Stanley Dubinsky Index More Information 408 Index of Languages, Nationalities, Ethnicities, and Places American South, see under United States Barcelona, see under Spain Anatolia, 54, 257, 344 Basque (Euskara) (language/people), 195, 211, Ancient Egyptian (language), 379 219–220, 263 Anglophone (people), 180, 335–338, 340–342 Basutoland, see Lesotho Anglo-Saxon (language/people), 27 Bedouin (people), 61 Angola, 116, 122, 295 Beijing, see under China Antwerp, see under Belgium Belgian (language/people), 310, 315–319 Anurādhapura, see under Sri Lanka Belgium, 4, 193, 256, 310, 312, 316–318, Appalachian (people), 29, 55, 180 320–321, 342, 402 Appalachian Mountains, see under United Antwerp, 318 States Brussels, 317–319, 321, 342 Arab (people), 158–159, 254, 294 Flanders, 310, 314, 317–321 Arabia, 294 Wallonia, 311, 317, 319–322 Arabic (language), 14, 27, 31, 61, 72, 74, 89, Bengal, 112 104, 112, 128, 147–148, 157–159, 166, Bengali (language/people), 114 177, 181, 244, 246, 249–250, 254, 281, Benin, 295 310, 344–345, 361 Berber (Tamazigh/Amazigh) (language/ Arabic languages
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Telugu Wordnet
    Telugu WordNet S. Arulmozi Department of Dravidian & Computational Linguistics Dravidian University, Kuppam 517425, India [email protected] Abstract Section 4 gives a statistical account on the synsets developed. The last section This paper describes an attempt to develop Telugu WordNet, particularly construction of summarizes the work. synsets in Telugu language along the lines of Hindi synsets using the expansion approach. 2 The Telugu Language Based on the Hindi WordNet synsets, we assign Telugu synsets manually using the Offline Tool Telugu belongs to the South Central Dravidian Interface. We share the challenges faced in the subgroup of the Dravidian family of languages. construction of core synsets from Hindi into It has recorded history from 6th Century A.D. Telugu language. A brief account on Telugu th language and its notable features are also and literary history dating back to 11 Century provided. A.D. It has been recently awarded the Classical Status. It is the second most spoken language 1 Introduction after Hindi in India. Telugu has been the language of choice for lyrical compositions for WordNet building activities in Dravidian its vowel ending words, rightly called the languages started with the work of Tamil “Italian of the East”. WordNet1 at AU-KBC Research Centre using The vocabulary of Telugu is highly Rajendran’s (2001) ontological classification Sanskritized in addition to the Persian-Arabic of Tamil vocabulary. Work on Dravidian borrowings / kaburu/ `story ’, WordNet (comprising WordNets in four major కబురు జవాబు /javaabu/ `answer ’; Urdu /taraaju/ Dravidian languages, viz. Kannada, తరా灁 Malayalam, Tamil and Telugu) started during a 2 `balance’. It does have cognates in other Workshop held at Chennai in which synsets Dravidan languages such as puli/ `tiger ’, were built for Construction Domain.
    [Show full text]
  • Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present (Impact: Studies in Language and Society)
    <DOCINFO AUTHOR ""TITLE "Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present"SUBJECT "Impact 18"KEYWORDS ""SIZE HEIGHT "220"WIDTH "150"VOFFSET "4"> Germanic Standardizations Impact: Studies in language and society impact publishes monographs, collective volumes, and text books on topics in sociolinguistics. The scope of the series is broad, with special emphasis on areas such as language planning and language policies; language conflict and language death; language standards and language change; dialectology; diglossia; discourse studies; language and social identity (gender, ethnicity, class, ideology); and history and methods of sociolinguistics. General Editor Associate Editor Annick De Houwer Elizabeth Lanza University of Antwerp University of Oslo Advisory Board Ulrich Ammon William Labov Gerhard Mercator University University of Pennsylvania Jan Blommaert Joseph Lo Bianco Ghent University The Australian National University Paul Drew Peter Nelde University of York Catholic University Brussels Anna Escobar Dennis Preston University of Illinois at Urbana Michigan State University Guus Extra Jeanine Treffers-Daller Tilburg University University of the West of England Margarita Hidalgo Vic Webb San Diego State University University of Pretoria Richard A. Hudson University College London Volume 18 Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present Edited by Ana Deumert and Wim Vandenbussche Germanic Standardizations Past to Present Edited by Ana Deumert Monash University Wim Vandenbussche Vrije Universiteit Brussel/FWO-Vlaanderen John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements 8 of American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Germanic standardizations : past to present / edited by Ana Deumert, Wim Vandenbussche.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dravidian Languages
    THE DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES BHADRIRAJU KRISHNAMURTI The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011–4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarc´on 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Bhadriraju Krishnamurti 2003 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2003 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Times New Roman 9/13 pt System LATEX2ε [TB] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0521 77111 0hardback CONTENTS List of illustrations page xi List of tables xii Preface xv Acknowledgements xviii Note on transliteration and symbols xx List of abbreviations xxiii 1 Introduction 1.1 The name Dravidian 1 1.2 Dravidians: prehistory and culture 2 1.3 The Dravidian languages as a family 16 1.4 Names of languages, geographical distribution and demographic details 19 1.5 Typological features of the Dravidian languages 27 1.6 Dravidian studies, past and present 30 1.7 Dravidian and Indo-Aryan 35 1.8 Affinity between Dravidian and languages outside India 43 2 Phonology: descriptive 2.1 Introduction 48 2.2 Vowels 49 2.3 Consonants 52 2.4 Suprasegmental features 58 2.5 Sandhi or morphophonemics 60 Appendix. Phonemic inventories of individual languages 61 3 The writing systems of the major literary languages 3.1 Origins 78 3.2 Telugu–Kannada.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Unmasking the Fake Belgians. Other Representation of Flemish And
    Unmasking the Fake Belgians. Other Representation of Flemish and Walloon Elites between 1840 and 1860 Dave Sinardet & Vincent Scheltiens University of Antwerp / Free University of Brussels Paper prepared for 'Belgium: The State of the Federation' Louvain-La-Neuve, 17/10/2013 First draft All comments more than welcome! 1 Abstract In the Belgian political debate, regional and national identities are often presented as opposites, particularly by sub-state nationalist actors. Especially Flemish nationalists consider the Belgian state as artificial and obsolete and clearly support Flemish nation-building as a project directed against a Belgian federalist project. Walloon or francophone nationalism has not been very strong in recent years, but in the past Walloon regionalism has also directed itself against the Belgian state, amongst other things accused of aggravating Walloon economic decline. Despite this deep-seated antagonism between Belgian and Flemish/Walloon nation-building projects its roots are much shorter than most observers believe. Belgium’s artificial character – the grand narrative and underpinning legitimation of both substate nationalisms - has been vehemently contested in the past, not only by the French-speaking elites but especially by the Flemish movement in the period that it started up the construction of its national identity. Basing ourselves methodologically on the assumption that the construction of collective and national identities is as much a result of positive self-representation (identification) as of negative other- representation (alterification), moreover two ideas that are conceptually indissolubly related, we compare in this interdisciplinary contribution the mutual other representations of the Flemish and Walloon movements in mid-nineteenth century Belgium, when the Flemish-Walloon antagonism appeared on the surface.
    [Show full text]
  • THE FUTURE of the BANTU LANGUAGES by W
    THE FUTURE OF THE BANTU LANGUAGES By W. B. LOCKWOOD T^HE Freedom Charter adopted by the Congress of the People at Kliptown, Johannesburg, contains the demand that "All people shall have equal right to use their own languages." Of latef this question of language has been very much to the fore in South Africa, where it has been discussed in the progressive press and elsewhere, and very different views have been expressed. Recently, D. T. Cole, a lecturer in Bantu languages at the Wit- watersrand University, wrote an article in Forum (Vol. 3, No. 2) dealing with the problem of the exceptional linguistic diversity in South Africa. His article is symptomatic of the confusion in the minds of many people, including well-wishers of the African, and it will not be out of place to consider his opinions. Cole envisages for the Bantu languages a policy of linguistic unifica­ tion which in the distant future might lead to the creation of two major Bantu languages. These two could then be "offered" official status which, says Cole, is out of the question for any Bantu language, at the moment. Cole is led to this view by his general conception of the Bantu languages: "It is not an economic proposition, from any point of view, to maintain our seven literary Bantu forms as separate languages, nor to offer them anything like the status of English or Afrikaans ... In addition . there are numerous lesser languages . whose small populations do not warrant (literary) development." For these patronis­ ing assumptions Cole does not, however, advance any evidence.
    [Show full text]
  • Self-Determination and Sub-Sovereign Statehood in the EU with Particular Reference to Scotland and Passing Reference to the Faroe Islands L
    Alasdair Geater and Scott Crosbyt Self-determination and Sub-sovereign Statehood in the EU with particular reference to Scotland and passing reference to the Faroe Islands l. Points of Departure II. Fear of Freedom III. Self-Determination as a Fundamental Human Right IV. Arguments of Dissuasion and their Rebuttal On the perceived dangers of nationafis m On the perceived risk of economic isolation On the fe ar of fragmentation IV. The Exercise of the Right of Self-determination under EU Law VI. The Importance of History VII. The Particular Case of Scotland Historical Constitutional Consequences of Scottish Statehood The Process The benefits of statehood ? 1 Partners respectively in Geater and Co and Stanbrook & Hooper, Brussels and faunding partners of Geater & Crosby, a joint venture devoted to Scots constitutional law, also based in Brussels. The seeds for this discourse were sown in a leeture in 1975 by Professor Neil MacCormick, then ayoung Dean of the Faculty of Law at Edinburgh University, which the younger of the co­ authors attended (and remembered). Føroyskt L6gar Rit (Faroese Law Review) vol. 1 no. 1 - 2001 "In a united Europe every small country can find its place alongside the former great powers" 2 Føroyskt Urtak Heiti: Sjalvsavgeroarrættur og at vera statur f ES viiJ partvisum fullveldi, vio serligum atliti til Skotlands, men eisini vio atliti til Føroya. Greinin vioger [ heimspekiligum og politiskum høpi tjdningin av, at tj6oir, sum nu eru i felagskapi viiJ aorar i ES, faa fullveldi og egnan ES-limaskap. Høvundarnir halda uppa, at tao er 6missandi rættur f fullum samsvari vio ES-Sattmalan hja hesum tj6oum at faa egnan ES-limaskap.
    [Show full text]
  • The Position of Frisian in the Germanic Language Area Charlotte
    The Position of Frisian in the Germanic Language Area Charlotte Gooskens and Wilbert Heeringa 1. Introduction Among the Germanic varieties the Frisian varieties in the Dutch province of Friesland have their own position. The Frisians are proud of their language and more than 350,000 inhabitants of the province of Friesland speak Frisian every day. Heeringa (2004) shows that among the dialects in the Dutch language area the Frisian varieties are most distant with respect to standard Dutch. This may justify the fact that Frisian is recognized as a second official language in the Netherlands. In addition to Frisian, in some towns and on some islands a mixed variety is used which is an intermediate form between Frisian and Dutch. The variety spoken in the Frisian towns is known as Town Frisian1. The Frisian language has existed for more than 2000 years. Genetically the Frisian dialects are most closely related to the English language. However, historical events have caused the English and the Frisian language to diverge, while Dutch and Frisian have converged. The linguistic distance to the other Germanic languages has also altered in the course of history due to different degrees of linguistic contact. As a result traditional genetic trees do not give an up-to-date representation of the distance between the modern Germanic languages. In the present investigation we measured linguistic distances between Frisian and the other Germanic languages in order to get an impression of the effect of genetic relationship and language contact for the position of the modern Frisian language on the Germanic language map.
    [Show full text]
  • Machine Translation for Dravidian Languages Using Stacked Long Short Term Memory
    MUCS@ - Machine Translation for Dravidian Languages using Stacked Long Short Term Memory Asha Hegde Ibrahim Gashaw H. L. Shashirekha Dept of Computer Science Dept of Computer Science Dept of Computer Science Mangalore University Mangalore University Mangalore University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract are small literary languages. All these languages except Kodava have their own script. Further, these The Dravidian language family is one of 1 the largest language families in the world. languages consists of 80 different dialects namely In spite of its uniqueness, Dravidian lan- Brahui, Kurukh, Malto, Kui, Kuvi, etc. Dravid- guages have gained very less attention due ian Languages are mainly spoken in southern In- to scarcity of resources to conduct language dia, Sri Lanka, some parts of Pakistan and Nepal technology tasks such as translation, Parts- by over 222 million people (Hammarstrom¨ et al., of-Speech tagging, Word Sense Disambigua- 2017). It is thought that Dravidian languages are tion etc. In this paper, we, team MUCS, native to the Indian subcontinent and were origi- describe sequence-to-sequence stacked Long nally spread throughout India1. Tamil have been Short Term Memory (LSTM) based Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models submit- distributed to Burma, Indonesia, Malaysia, Fiji, ted to “Machine Translation in Dravidian lan- Madagascar, Mauritius, Guyana, Martinique and guages”, a shared task organized by EACL- Trinidad through trade and emigration. With over 2021. The NMT models are applied for trans- two million speakers, primarily in Pakistan and two lation using English-Tamil, English-Telugu, million speakers in Afghanistan, Brahui is the only English-Malayalam and Tamil-Telugu corpora Dravidian language spoken entirely outside India provided by the organizers.
    [Show full text]
  • What Can Faroese Pseudocoordination Tell Us About English Inflection?
    What can Faroese pseudocoordination tell us about English inflection? Daniel Ross University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1 Introduction English, with its relatively impoverished morphology within Germanic, offers no evidence for determining whether a given verb form is inflected identically to the lexical root or not inflected at all. Furthermore, it is unclear whether all such identical forms are accidentally homophonous or are indications of systematic syncretism that is part of the mechanics of the morphosyntax of the language. This article addresses a particular morphosyntactic phenomenon for which this distinction has greater implications for the grammar. Does the grammar allow for specific requirements of uninflected verbal forms in certain constructions? Are uninflected present-tense forms of the verb systematically equivalent to the infinitive in a way that is operational in the grammar? Specifically, the ban on inflection found in English try and pseudocoordination is investigated in detail. As shown in (1), the construction is permitted if and only if both verbs happen to be in their uninflected forms.1 (1) a. Try and win the race! [Then even if you do not succeed, you tried.] b. I will try and win the race [but I am tired and might not be able to win]. c. I try and win the race every time [even though I rarely succeed]. d. *He tries and win(s) the race every time [but he rarely succeeds]. e. He did try and win the race [but his injury made it impossible]. f. *He tried and win/won the race [but his injury made it impossible].
    [Show full text]
  • Determinants of Ethnic Retention As See Through Walloon Immigrants to Wisconsin by Jacqueline Lee Tinkler
    Determinants of Ethnic Retention As See Through Walloon Immigrants to Wisconsin By Jacqueline Lee Tinkler Presented to the Faculty of Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In History THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON May 2019 Copyright © by JACQUELINE LEE TINKLER All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to express my gratitude to Kenyon Zimmer who firs supported this research idea as head of my Thesis Committee. When I decided to continue my research into the Walloon immigrants and develop the topic into a Dissertation project, he again agreed to head the committee. His stimulating questions challenged me to dig deeper and also to broaden the context. I also want to thank David Narrett and Steven Reinhardt for reading the ongoing work and offering suggestions. I am also deeply indebted to the College of Liberal Arts at the University of Texas at Arlington for the financial support which enabled me to make research trips to Wisconsin. Debora Anderson archivist at the University of Wisconsin Green Bay, and her staff were an invaluable help in locating material. Janice Zmrazek, at the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction in Madison, was a great help in locating records there. And I want to give special thanks to Mary Jane Herber, archivist at the Brown County Library in Green Bay, who was a great help in my work. I made several research trips to Wisconsin and I was privileged to be able to work among the Walloons living in the settlement area.
    [Show full text]
  • Design & Development of Kannada to Telugu Translator
    Special Issue - 2016 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 ICACC - 2016 Conference Proceedings Design & Development of Kannada to Telugu Translator: A Rule based Approach P. Aparna M.Tech student CSE Department, JNTUCEA, Ananthapur, India. Abstract: MachineTranslation is the task of translating of Dravidian language in India.So, the translation among the sentences or words from one language to another language these languages isvery important and it is not possible to and it is one of the interesting applied research areas manually translate the required resources among these thatdraw ideas and techniques from Linguistic, Computer languages. Telugu is second most popular language and Science, Artificial Intelligence, Statistics and Translation official language of Andhra Pradesh.Kannada is a language Theory. Machine Translation plays an important role for sharing the information from one language to another spoken in India mainly in the state of Karnataka. It is language like English to Hindi, Malayalam to English official language of Karnataka and given birth to many etc.,which are life transforming stories available in India. Indian languages like Tulu,Kodava etc., Kannada and There is a huge demand for machine translation between Telugu are most widely used in southern part of India. English and various Indian languages. Only 7% of population speaks English now the translation The fundamental activity of machine translation can be done manually, automationis restricted to word application
    [Show full text]
  • The Case System of the Vilamovicean Adjective – from Description to Explanation
    Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 42, 2013, 37-54 doi: 10.5774/42-0-139 The case system of the Vilamovicean adjective – from description to explanation Alexander Andrason University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa Email: [email protected] Abstract The present paper offers a detailed description and analysis of the adjectival declensional patterns in the Modern Vilamovicean language. Modern Vilamovicean possesses six declensional patterns, restricted to distinct environments, that, from a morphological perspective, form a continuum ranging from a strong declension (classes 1, 2 and 3) to a weak one (class 6), through intermediate mixed paradigms (classes 4 and 5). Nowadays, only the mixed and weak classes are productive and common. If compared with Classical Vilamovicean, the adjectival declension has suffered a process of syncretism and decay, evolving towards a two-case marking: nominative vs. accusative-dative in the masculine singular and nominative- accusative vs. dative elsewhere. Thus, the adjectival morphological case marking is more effective than in the nominal system (where no case distinction is usually made), but less successful than in the pronominal system (where a three-case distinction predominates). Within a typological-grammaticalisation framework, the inflectional organisation of Vilamovicean adjectives can be defined as an advanced case system. Keywords: Germanic linguistics, endangered languages, case system, adjective, language change 1. Introduction Vilamovicean is a Germanic language that is spoken in Wilamowice, a small town located in Western Galicia in Poland. Nowadays, the vernacular is understood by circa two hundred persons, although actively employed by no more than forty native speakers. All the users of the Vilamovicean idiom, who may be viewed as fully competent and proficient, were born before the Second World War.
    [Show full text]