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Portuguese Language in Angola: Luso-Creoles' Missing Link? John M
Portuguese language in Angola: luso-creoles' missing link? John M. Lipski {presented at annual meeting of the AATSP, San Diego, August 9, 1995} 0. Introduction Portuguese explorers first reached the Congo Basin in the late 15th century, beginning a linguistic and cultural presence that in some regions was to last for 500 years. In other areas of Africa, Portuguese-based creoles rapidly developed, while for several centuries pidginized Portuguese was a major lingua franca for the Atlantic slave trade, and has been implicated in the formation of many Afro- American creoles. The original Portuguese presence in southwestern Africa was confined to limited missionary activity, and to slave trading in coastal depots, but in the late 19th century, Portugal reentered the Congo-Angola region as a colonial power, committed to establishing permanent European settlements in Africa, and to Europeanizing the native African population. In the intervening centuries, Angola and the Portuguese Congo were the source of thousands of slaves sent to the Americas, whose language and culture profoundly influenced Latin American varieties of Portuguese and Spanish. Despite the key position of the Congo-Angola region for Ibero-American linguistic development, little is known of the continuing use of the Portuguese language by Africans in Congo-Angola during most of the five centuries in question. Only in recent years has some attention been directed to the Portuguese language spoken non-natively but extensively in Angola and Mozambique (Gonçalves 1983). In Angola, the urban second-language varieties of Portuguese, especially as spoken in the squatter communities of Luanda, have been referred to as Musseque Portuguese, a name derived from the KiMbundu term used to designate the shantytowns themselves. -
Telugu Wordnet
Telugu WordNet S. Arulmozi Department of Dravidian & Computational Linguistics Dravidian University, Kuppam 517425, India [email protected] Abstract Section 4 gives a statistical account on the synsets developed. The last section This paper describes an attempt to develop Telugu WordNet, particularly construction of summarizes the work. synsets in Telugu language along the lines of Hindi synsets using the expansion approach. 2 The Telugu Language Based on the Hindi WordNet synsets, we assign Telugu synsets manually using the Offline Tool Telugu belongs to the South Central Dravidian Interface. We share the challenges faced in the subgroup of the Dravidian family of languages. construction of core synsets from Hindi into It has recorded history from 6th Century A.D. Telugu language. A brief account on Telugu th language and its notable features are also and literary history dating back to 11 Century provided. A.D. It has been recently awarded the Classical Status. It is the second most spoken language 1 Introduction after Hindi in India. Telugu has been the language of choice for lyrical compositions for WordNet building activities in Dravidian its vowel ending words, rightly called the languages started with the work of Tamil “Italian of the East”. WordNet1 at AU-KBC Research Centre using The vocabulary of Telugu is highly Rajendran’s (2001) ontological classification Sanskritized in addition to the Persian-Arabic of Tamil vocabulary. Work on Dravidian borrowings / kaburu/ `story ’, WordNet (comprising WordNets in four major కబురు జవాబు /javaabu/ `answer ’; Urdu /taraaju/ Dravidian languages, viz. Kannada, తరా灁 Malayalam, Tamil and Telugu) started during a 2 `balance’. It does have cognates in other Workshop held at Chennai in which synsets Dravidan languages such as puli/ `tiger ’, were built for Construction Domain. -
Dramatizing the Sura of Joseph: an Introduction to the Islamic Humanities
Dramatizing the Sura of Joseph: An introduction to the Islamic humanities Author: James Winston Morris Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/4235 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Published in Journal of Turkish Studies, vol. 18, pp. 201-224, 1994 Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons "Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States" (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/) Dramatizing the Sura ofJoseph: An Introduction to the Islamic Humanities. In Annemarie Schimmel Festschrift, special issue of Journal of Turkish Studies (H8lVard), vol. 18 (1994), pp. 20\·224. Dramatizing the Sura of Joseph: An Introduction to the Islamic Humanities. In Annemarie Schimmel Festschrift, special issue of Journal of Turkish Studies (Harvard), vol. 18 (1994), pp. 201-224. DRAMATIZING THE SURA OF JOSEPH: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ISLAMIC HUMANITIES James W. Morris J "Surely We are recounting 10 you the most good-and-beautiful of laJes ...." (Qur'an. 12:3) Certainly no other scholar ofher generation has dooe mae than Annemarie Schimmel to ilIwninal.e the key role of the Islamic hwnanities over the centuries in communicating and bringing alive for Muslims the inner meaning of the Quru and hadilh in 30 many diverse languages and cultural settings. Long before a concern with '"populal'," oral and ve:macul.- religious cultures (including tKe lives of Muslim women) had become so fashK:inable in religious and bi.storica1 studies. Professor Scbimmel's anicJes and books were illuminating the ongoing crutive expressions and transfonnalions fA Islamic perspectives in both written and orallilrnblr'es., as well as the visual ar:1S, in ways tba have only lllCentIy begun 10 make their war into wider scholarly and popular understandings of the religion of Islam. -
MAINTAINING FARSI AS a HERITAGE LANGUAGE in the UNITED STATES: EXPLORING PERSIAN PARENTS’ ATTITUDES, EFFORTS, and CHALLENGES By
MAINTAINING FARSI AS A HERITAGE LANGUAGE IN THE UNITED STATES: EXPLORING PERSIAN PARENTS’ ATTITUDES, EFFORTS, AND CHALLENGES by Maryam Salahshoor A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Education Committee: Chair Program Director Dean, College of Education and Human Development Date: Spring Semester 2017 George Mason University Fairfax, VA Maintaining Farsi as a Heritage Language in the United States: Exploring Persian Parents’ Attitudes, Efforts, and Challenges A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at George Mason University by Maryam Salahshoor Master of Education University of North Florida, 1999 Bachelor of Science Ferdowsi University, 1990 Director: Marjorie Hall Haley, Professor College of Education and Human Development Spring Semester 2017 George Mason University Fairfax, VA THIS WORK IS LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION-NODERIVS 3.0 UNPORTED LICENSE. ii Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the memory of late my mother, Sakineh Hadadian, who emphasized the importance of education and instilled in me the inspiration to set high goals and the confidence to achieve them. And to the memory of my late father, Ali Javanmardi, who has been my role-model for hard work, persistence and personal sacrifices. I would also like dedicate this to my loving Husband Amir Salahshoor who has been proud and supportive of my work and who has shared the many uncertainties, challenges and sacrifices for completing this dissertation and to my lovely daughter Mondona, my two sons Kian and Cyrus who were supportive and encouraged me to complete this dissertation. -
John the Baptist Conferring the Aaronic Priesthood
John the Baptist Conferring the Aaronic Priesthood Doctrine and Covenants 13; Joseph Smith—History 1:68–73 Upon you my fellow servants, in the name of Messiah I confer the Priesthood of Aaron, which holds the keys of the ministering of angels, and of the gospel of repentance, and of baptism by immersion for the remission of sins. Doctrine and Covenants 13 oseph Smith translated the golden plates into Holy Ghost. The angel commanded Joseph and English, and Oliver Cowdery wrote the trans- Oliver to be baptized. He told Joseph to baptize Jlation down. While translating, they learned Oliver and then Oliver to baptize Joseph. (See about baptism for the remission of sins. On May Joseph Smith—History 1:70.) 15, 1829, they went into the woods to pray, to They baptized each other in the Susquehanna ask Heavenly Father about baptism. (See Joseph River near Harmony, Pennsylvania. Then, fol- Smith—History 1:68, 72.) lowing the angel’s instructions, Joseph laid his As they prayed, an angel from heaven appeared hands upon Oliver’s head and ordained Oliver in a cloud of light. He laid his hands on Joseph to the Aaronic Priesthood. Oliver then ordained and Oliver and ordained them, saying, “Upon Joseph in the same way. (See Joseph Smith— you my fellow servants, in the name of Messiah, History 1:71; D&C 13, section heading.) I confer the Priesthood of Aaron, which holds The angel said his name was John the Baptist. the keys of the ministering of angels, and of the He told them he was acting under the direction gospel of repentance, and of baptism by im- of Peter, James, and John, who held the keys mersion for the remission of sins; and this shall of the Melchizedek Priesthood. -
The Dravidian Languages
THE DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES BHADRIRAJU KRISHNAMURTI The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011–4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarc´on 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Bhadriraju Krishnamurti 2003 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2003 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Times New Roman 9/13 pt System LATEX2ε [TB] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0521 77111 0hardback CONTENTS List of illustrations page xi List of tables xii Preface xv Acknowledgements xviii Note on transliteration and symbols xx List of abbreviations xxiii 1 Introduction 1.1 The name Dravidian 1 1.2 Dravidians: prehistory and culture 2 1.3 The Dravidian languages as a family 16 1.4 Names of languages, geographical distribution and demographic details 19 1.5 Typological features of the Dravidian languages 27 1.6 Dravidian studies, past and present 30 1.7 Dravidian and Indo-Aryan 35 1.8 Affinity between Dravidian and languages outside India 43 2 Phonology: descriptive 2.1 Introduction 48 2.2 Vowels 49 2.3 Consonants 52 2.4 Suprasegmental features 58 2.5 Sandhi or morphophonemics 60 Appendix. Phonemic inventories of individual languages 61 3 The writing systems of the major literary languages 3.1 Origins 78 3.2 Telugu–Kannada. -
Litany of Saint Joseph (Latin)
LITANY OF SAINT JOSEPH (LATIN) Kyrie, eleison. Kyrie, eleison. Christe, eleison. Christe, eleison. Kyrie, eleison. Kyrie, eleison. Christe, exaudi nos. Christe, audi nos. Pater de caelis, Deus, miserere nobis. Fili, Redemptor mundi, Deus, miserere nobis. Spiritus Sancte Deus, miserere nobis. Sancta Trinitas, unus Deus, miserere nobis. Sancta Maria, ora pro nobis. Sancte Ioseph, ora pro nobis. Proles David inclyta, ora pro nobis. Lumen Patriarcharum, ora pro nobis. Dei Genetricis Sponse, ora pro nobis. Custos pudice Virginis, ora pro nobis. Filii Dei nutricie, ora pro nobis. Christi defensor sedule, ora pro nobis. Almae Familiae praeses, ora pro nobis. Ioseph iustissime, ora pro nobis. Ioseph castissime, ora pro nobis. Ioseph prudentissime, ora pro nobis. Ioseph fortissime, ora pro nobis. Ioseph oboedientissime, ora pro nobis. Ioseph fidelissime, ora pro nobis. Speculum patientiae, ora pro nobis. Amator paupertatis, ora pro nobis. Exemplar opificum, ora pro nobis. Domesticae vitae decus, ora pro nobis. Custos virginum, ora pro nobis. Familiarum columen, ora pro nobis. Solatium miserorum, ora pro nobis. Spes aegrotantium, ora pro nobis. Patrone morientium, ora pro nobis. Terror daemonum, ora pro nobis. Protector sanctae Ecclesiae, ora pro nobis. Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, parce nobis, Domine. Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, exaudi nobis, Domine. Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, miserere nobis. V. Constituit eum dominum domus suae. R. Et principem omnis possessionis suae. Oremus: Deus, qui in ineffabili providentia beatum Ioseph sanctissimae Genetricis tuae Sponsum eligere dignatus es, praesta, quaesumus, ut quem protectorem veneramur in terris, intercessorem habere mereamur in caelis: Qui vivis et regnas in saecula saeculorum. Amen. Year of Saint Joseph, 2021 Archdiocese of Philadelphia . -
A Note Concerning the York County Tobacco Warehouses Before 1800
NOTE CONCERNING TRN YORK COUL WAREHOUSES BEFORE 1800 By Joseph Robert 1937 Colonial NIP .- .- -- LIBRARY P-LANNtNG AND RESOURCE PRESERV4TION- -- -E Zi NATIONAL PARK SERVICE4 IABO Ye -- ltf.s\r 4Th Sutrçc f-r al iisro 4- -4 -- %OTh COkCEBN1dk bs -aaooSs ITh 1013 COO$1 EsFOith 1.cG by Joepb Ca 1èbert aSQflt1 BEtuger4ist0rih1 5- 4- -- itioa- EiatoriC4 Pai -I -it 5- -- .toAVirk41tt -- .- -- iHc 44 --- -- 7t tt -- 4- .4 .4 44 74 14 8- 47 .3 .4 .4 -- 1- 6S -i-- -- -- __ 4iI -- 47-4 .4.4 47 ft 33 -- 3- 4---- .4-. _I -- .. -3 14 47 -- -C -k 14 .4 4- 73 -- -- t- -- -- 8- .4 _4 4- -- -- _..-- .14_C -- fl .- -- --._ 4.4-- -- -..-- -- 4- 44 COtXEi4t$ 444 4- 44 -4 -.44- -3 -4- .4 _4_ .4 8- 44 7$ .4 48 PagS Prdao17flQtee sa a3a4_i it York sraboun- it 33 County Genert .4 Xorktmniisehoutes 1- 43 Roes Ssrehouse 4k- 8Oatq1Iajdjntrehotses 16 Sageation Goroerz4ng fflthet Bsearch 4- -- -- -- -Y- If 47 44.3 -k -- 474. _4 14 -- -4 .4--pc _4___.__ 3-- 4- -4 4- -- 44 -- 4444 .31 __44 -1 -4 41 34 44 .1444.4.44- 44 -- -- I- -- .4 4_I- -- -.4 -- 44 414 tj 44 .z 44 II -.4- 4- 44 1I -It .4 Ip -_ 3-- -- k.. 4-- eatoryHotç -8 .-- __i .--- -t flia briet tas is beBed aat Ezaination of the Or4er floics in the Zor- Count- Office the Order Bopks ft sofl Of tns yearezare missing 1.7541759 Z76a1765 Pox the etw1Stz jmrt of the erSod undn survey reIiaies wfl pitted on notes Gardnei4a briot index to ndous itsns in the Yozk County tteards 3S914745t For the Inter iericd the ueri tbrq@gii vobne Thuibqd jiige by ge ur vhere t- the indaxt eeejed to have been preparect rith sOzas crire examined oiily the ant pxoiaLng pzges or convenience the zbtfl-ôi%Ltzg the.aonre lLLCteflCI have been iucIued in -$he bodr of the e$Sy- The v1 ujites in the Clerkta Office are lO4ed aOze by nuxtber sbne by 4ate For- uflozeeot idenZlficatioA the tabs sqhesá used ip thqp4sflTltWUeat àitatioü The abbreviations n$ed fle oflost OW Urdrs and rilIap Zrk County elerk Office U1s ad Thye4qres loric COufltyGlerktThOffjce. -
Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph – December 31, 2017 Please Visit Us At
Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph – December 31, 2017 Please visit us at www.johnthebaptist.org. Parish Office Hours Mass Times Sunday : 8:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. Weekdays: 6:30 a.m. and 8:15 a.m. Monday - Thursday: 7:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Misa en Español: Jueves 6:00 p.m. Friday: 7:30 a.m. - 3:30 p.m. Saturday: 5:00 p.m. Saturday: 4:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. Sunday: 7:00 a.m., 8:30 a.m., 10:30 a.m., Reception Desk: 303-776-0737 and 4:00 p.m. Misa en Español: 12:30 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. Baptism Preparation Classes Parents and godparents must attend baptism preparation First Saturday of the Month class prior to a child’s baptism. At least one godparent 8:30 a.m. Mass in chapel must be a confirmed Catholic and lead a life in harmony with the Catholic faith by providing proof of Confirmation and, if applicable, marriage in the Catholic Church. Classes Reconciliation will be held in Benedict Hall. Pre-registration and a $25 per On vacation and looking Thursday: 4:30 p.m. for a Catholic Mass? person fee are required to attend a class. No registrations Friday: 7:00 a.m. will be accepted at class. Adults only—no children, please. Please visit Saturday: 3:30 p.m. www.catholic-mass-times.com English Baptism Class - January 2nd at 6:30 p.m. Also by appointment. for a Mass near you. -
Machine Translation for Dravidian Languages Using Stacked Long Short Term Memory
MUCS@ - Machine Translation for Dravidian Languages using Stacked Long Short Term Memory Asha Hegde Ibrahim Gashaw H. L. Shashirekha Dept of Computer Science Dept of Computer Science Dept of Computer Science Mangalore University Mangalore University Mangalore University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract are small literary languages. All these languages except Kodava have their own script. Further, these The Dravidian language family is one of 1 the largest language families in the world. languages consists of 80 different dialects namely In spite of its uniqueness, Dravidian lan- Brahui, Kurukh, Malto, Kui, Kuvi, etc. Dravid- guages have gained very less attention due ian Languages are mainly spoken in southern In- to scarcity of resources to conduct language dia, Sri Lanka, some parts of Pakistan and Nepal technology tasks such as translation, Parts- by over 222 million people (Hammarstrom¨ et al., of-Speech tagging, Word Sense Disambigua- 2017). It is thought that Dravidian languages are tion etc. In this paper, we, team MUCS, native to the Indian subcontinent and were origi- describe sequence-to-sequence stacked Long nally spread throughout India1. Tamil have been Short Term Memory (LSTM) based Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models submit- distributed to Burma, Indonesia, Malaysia, Fiji, ted to “Machine Translation in Dravidian lan- Madagascar, Mauritius, Guyana, Martinique and guages”, a shared task organized by EACL- Trinidad through trade and emigration. With over 2021. The NMT models are applied for trans- two million speakers, primarily in Pakistan and two lation using English-Tamil, English-Telugu, million speakers in Afghanistan, Brahui is the only English-Malayalam and Tamil-Telugu corpora Dravidian language spoken entirely outside India provided by the organizers. -
Design & Development of Kannada to Telugu Translator
Special Issue - 2016 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 ICACC - 2016 Conference Proceedings Design & Development of Kannada to Telugu Translator: A Rule based Approach P. Aparna M.Tech student CSE Department, JNTUCEA, Ananthapur, India. Abstract: MachineTranslation is the task of translating of Dravidian language in India.So, the translation among the sentences or words from one language to another language these languages isvery important and it is not possible to and it is one of the interesting applied research areas manually translate the required resources among these thatdraw ideas and techniques from Linguistic, Computer languages. Telugu is second most popular language and Science, Artificial Intelligence, Statistics and Translation official language of Andhra Pradesh.Kannada is a language Theory. Machine Translation plays an important role for sharing the information from one language to another spoken in India mainly in the state of Karnataka. It is language like English to Hindi, Malayalam to English official language of Karnataka and given birth to many etc.,which are life transforming stories available in India. Indian languages like Tulu,Kodava etc., Kannada and There is a huge demand for machine translation between Telugu are most widely used in southern part of India. English and various Indian languages. Only 7% of population speaks English now the translation The fundamental activity of machine translation can be done manually, automationis restricted to word application -
[.35 **Natural Language Processing Class Here Computational Linguistics See Manual at 006.35 Vs
006 006 006 DeweyiDecimaliClassification006 006 [.35 **Natural language processing Class here computational linguistics See Manual at 006.35 vs. 410.285 *Use notation 019 from Table 1 as modified at 004.019 400 DeweyiDecimaliClassification 400 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 [400 [400 *‡Language Class here interdisciplinary works on language and literature For literature, see 800; for rhetoric, see 808. For the language of a specific discipline or subject, see the discipline or subject, plus notation 014 from Table 1, e.g., language of science 501.4 (Option A: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, class in 410, where full instructions appear (Option B: To give local emphasis or a shorter number to a specific language, place before 420 through use of a letter or other symbol. Full instructions appear under 420–490) 400 DeweyiDecimali400Classification Language 400 SUMMARY [401–409 Standard subdivisions and bilingualism [410 Linguistics [420 English and Old English (Anglo-Saxon) [430 German and related languages [440 French and related Romance languages [450 Italian, Dalmatian, Romanian, Rhaetian, Sardinian, Corsican [460 Spanish, Portuguese, Galician [470 Latin and related Italic languages [480 Classical Greek and related Hellenic languages [490 Other languages 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [401 *‡Philosophy and theory See Manual at 401 vs. 121.68, 149.94, 410.1 401 DeweyiDecimali401Classification Language 401 [.3 *‡International languages Class here universal languages; general