language" except courses in foreign languages. A Kumision I Fino' Chamorro Chamorro Bicultural Bilingual Program in (Guam) elementary schools, however, aims at revitalizing the Chamorro language and 'old ways,' but is as yet in an Martin Combs and Bjdrn . Jernudd* experimental stage only. Also, Guam has been the beneficiary of the U.. Bilingual Education Act of 1968 The Micronesian islands are currently being through which support is given for teacher training reorganized into self-governing and semi-independent and materials development. There is, however, some states. One of these islands is Guam which for the time opposition from other ethnic groups to the use of being remains a self-governing territory of the United Chamorro in school. states. It is the southernmost island in the Mariana Very much like in other Micronesian indigenous Islands group, with a total population in 1980 of communities, there is dissatisfaction among the approximately 105,800 people: 48% are Chamorro, 20% Chamorro elders with language standards and degree of are of Philippine descent and 24% are Caucasian. Most usage of the indigenous language by younger of the latter are transient military personnel and their generations. The Chairman of the Governor's dependents. Also, there are Chinese, Korean, Japanese Commission on the Chamorro Language of the and other-Micronesian residents. Guam's northern Government of Guam - Kumision i Fino' Chamorro neighbor, the Commonwealth of the Northern - writes that "Chamorro is in poor condition with Mariana Islands, is predominantly Chamorro. There young people (18 years and less) usually possessing are also Chamorro communities in California and only receptive level skills (listening) in Chamorro." Hawaii. (Robert A. Underwood, personal communication in a Since 1898, Guam has been administered by the letter of June 3, 1981). He says that this Commission United States except during a Japanese military "represents the first attempt on Guam at consciousness interregnum. The latter occupied Guam for 31 months of the Chamorro language." during World War II and administered schools for both The Commission on the Charnorro Language was youth and adults in which Guamanians had to learn first established in 1964. Current enabling legislation Japanese. Some people know how to speak Japanese was prepared under the direction of the Tenth Guam - and Japanese is acquiring new speakers because Legislature. Says the Government Code, chapter XIII tourists from Japan dominate among civilian visitors. concerning the Commission: " English, however, is the all dominant language in 11950. Creation of commission. There is hereby public life. There is almost complete individual established the "Commission on the Chamorro bilingualism in English and, when acquired, an Language," to consist of nine (9) members, all citizens indigenous or ethnic language, and English is of the United States and residents of the Territory of increasingly the preferred medium in both written Guam, who must be conversant in the Chamorro and spoken communications (Riley 1977). language and who shall be appointed by the Governor medium of instruction in public schools is with the advice and consent of the Legislature for a English. According to the Government Code of the term of three (3) years. Three (3) of whom shall serve PTerritory of Guam, Chapter III, section 11200, "All for one (1) year, three (3) for two (2) years and three (3) courses of study shall be taught in the English for three (3) years, provided however that the five (5)

Mernbers of the Culture Learning Institute, The East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. (Continued on page 2)

members heretofore shall serve appointed the full term after its own language commission has had an of their present appointments. The Governor shall 4 appoint one among the nine (9) members its chairman opportunity to look into the matter. Such a language of the Commission. [Amended by P.. 8-128, effective commission is in the process ofbeing formed. March 17, 1966; Itis clear erroneously referred to as §11975 by from the record of these public hearings P.L. 8-128.] that discussion embraces issues of , such as vocabularylanguage developmentbeyond andthose 11951. the of § Duties of commission. It shall be the duty treatment loan words, and personal naming. of the Commission to study the antecendents, describe For further information on the Governor's the grammar and prescribe good usages for the Commission on the Chamorro Language, write to Chamorro Robert A. Underwood, P. language, and to prepare a modern and up- 0. Box 3096, Agana, to-date Chamorro-English dictionary. Guam 96910 (USA).

11952. Facilities § of Department of Education and References University of Guam. The Commission is hereby authorized to use, and the Department of Education Government Code of the Territory of Guam 1970. (with and the University of Guam are hereby directed to supplements). Prepared under the direction of the Tenth Guam make available, the facilities of said department and Legislature by John A. Bohn, Esq., said college in carrying out the duties of the 1475 North Broadway, Walnut Creek, California. Islands Yearbook. 1981. commission, and shall also furnish such personal and Pacific Fourteenth edition. Pacific Publications, logistic assistance as the commission shall need to carry Sydney. out its functions. ["College" changed to "University" Testimony Summary. Orthography Public Hearing by editor.] March 24, 1981. Mimeographed, pp. 5. Chamorro Language Commission. §11953. Report to the Legislature: appropriations. Riley, George A. 1977. Attitudes towards Language The Commission shall annually report to the Maintenance and Language Shift in the Legislature the results of its work in preserving the Guamanian Speech Community. In Pacific Asian Chamorro language and in the event appropriations Studies 11:1/2:112-126. are needed to carry out its tasks, the Commission is Smith, Aleene Bast 1970. Schools of Guam during hereby authorized to request the same of the Japanese occupation. MA. Thesis. University of Legislature which is authorized to make such Guam. appropriations as are called for to carry out the Topping, Donald . 1981. The Decline of Pacific purposes of this Chapter. [Added by P.L. 7-162, Languages. In The New Pacific, July/August, pp. effective August 14, 1964; original Chapter XIII as 21-24. added by P.L. 7-147, effective August 11, 1964, renumbered to Chapter XIV by P.L. 8-1, effective February 11, 1965.]"

The Commission's most recent hearings concern I':diior--- Joan Robin Chamorro orthography, "a very emotional topic" Associate Editor ---Bjdrn H. Jcrnndd that has caused not a little (Underwood, lb.) Edit (0 jal Board controversy. The Commission was instructed by 11w Mi-I. Abdulazo. Governor and the 14th Guam Legislature to hold Joshua Fislnoan Molde public hearings to resolve the orthography issue. Broil Prloo';oi lvlnsa As concerns orthography, there are "three systems: jiS Ncnsiopn9 (1) that most associated with the Church as written and popularized by Pale' Roman de Vera, (2) the Copies ate availabte free oi charge. Changes of addiess and requests 0 on fin should be arldresscd to: Marianas Orthography adopted in 1971 and currenily he placed the inading YsSiliasri Ecite in use by the Chamorro language educators on Guam Leogoage Planning Newsletter and the Northern Marianas, the (3) proposed EasriS'est Culture Learning institute orthography adopted by the Chamorro Language East-West Censer Commission in 1978." (Public Hearing, March 24, L'[onoioln, Hawaii 96848 USA 1981). All otbet rostespondence slioold he addressed to the editor: It was also instructed to coordinate the attempl of I Dr. Joan Robin of a standard with the public acceptance P. 0. ilOX 1143 Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Pinote, LA 94564 However, the latter prefers to respond to this issue only USA

2 Language Planning Newsletter

Language Planning/Treatment News

FORMATION OF INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF and it is possible that the staff will be enlarged in the APPLIED LINGUISTICS (IAAL) near future. An All-India association called the Indian Corpus planning work has only been done on a Association of Applied Linguistics (IAAL) has been very small scale in Friesland. There have been two ad formed with its headquarters in New Dellu. Professor hoc commissions and some individuals who worked on yR. jagannathan of the Central Institute of Hindi, the problem. One result is the word list called "Lytse Delhi is its founder President and U.S. Bahri, Editor of Oanrikkemendaasj " (Small recommendation) on the Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, is the administrative terminology. The language bureau as it General Secretary. The overall aim of the IAAL is to is informally referred to will begin by focusing on the promote the application of linguistic theories for the terminology of legal and administrative affairs. It is felt solution of language problems in a multilingual that Frisian, as a minority language, has most need of society like India. An endeavor will be made to identify an adequate vocabulary in those fields before it is all possible areas where these applications are helpful possible to use more Frisian in public administration. in solutions to the of in finding problems language The bureau is one of the results of an Interim Report The Secretariat of the IAAL has a society. very on Language Policy by the provincial administration ambitious for academic activities such as world- plan in 1978. One of the basic tenets of that policy is to give level seminars, and conferences over the next symposia more room for using Frisian, which is the language of few be addressed to: years. Enquiries may the majority of the inhabitants. Thus far in public U.S. Bahri administration, the national language, Dutch, has been General Secretary used with very few exceptions. For more information, Indian Association of Applied Linguistics write: (IAAL) Taalburo 57 Sant East of Kailash) Nagar (near Fryske Akademy New Delhi 110065, India Doelestrjitte 8 8911 DX Ljouwert Leeuwarden SINGAPOREAN ENGLISH The Netherlands According to Asiaweek (May 1, 1981), Lee Kuan Yew has launched a drive directed at purification SPECIALIZED DICTIONARIES IN BASQUE Singaporean English. This drive coincides with the COMPILED BY UZEI to dialects with standard Mandarin campaign replace UZEI (Unibertsitate Zerbitzuetarako Euskal as the of Chinese a spoken language Singaporeans, Ikastetxea) was founded in 1977 in order to prepare for topic which Asiaweek is also covering, see for example, a University which would use Euskera, the Basque December 5, 1980. Language advisors have been language, as a medium of instruction. UZEI plans to appointed in government departments and civil servant publish a total of 15 dictionaries in special academic enhanced command of promotion by ''proper'' English fields. UZEI staff members are especially interested in (Bjhru Jernudd) language standardization and computer applications to lexicography, and they look forward to the chance to share experiences with other workers in the field. LANGUAGE PLANNING FOR LAWYERS Correspondence can be addressed to: OFFERED AT LAVAL UNIVERSITY Joseba Intxausti Professor Alain Proj iner is offering a course in the Director law school of the Laval University in Quebec City, UZEI Canada, on "L'Entreprise et la planification 8 Esterlines linguistique" (Commerce Business and Language San Sebastian Planning) in the Fall of 1981. The course will cover Guipuzcoa language planning theory and its application in the The Basque Country francization efforts of L'Office de la langue francise Spain (see LPN, vol 5, no. 3, August, 1979 for a description of (Abstracted from: the American Dictionary Society these efforts.). Newsletter, 1980.)

NEW BUREAU FOR LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT L4ND LANGUAGE ASSISTANCE IN FRIESLAND UNESCO TRAINING SEMINAR ON THE An important event for the Frisian language in PROBLEMS OF LANGUAGE PLANNING 1980 was the start of a Bureau for language In 1980, UNESCO organized a Training Seminar development and language assistance by the Fryske on the problems of language planning in a bi- or One staff member to work in Academy. began August (Continued on page 4)

Language Planning Newsletter 3

Language Planning/Treatment News - continued

multicultural context, which was field in Lomê, Togo, Aboriginal languages with particular from 2 to II. emphasis September Eighteen specialists were on practical involvement. 4 invited to examine the problems to the relating " provide opportunity for Aboriginal people to of in a programing language teaching national express their ideas about what should be context, characterized the of several by presence happening with their languages, and work languages in contact. together toward implementing them. The seminar was the latest event in a series of " disseminate news, information and advice on UNESCO activities, including international and Aboriginal languages on a regular basis. regional conferences, symposia, studies and " promote Aboriginal involvement, as decided by publications, which aimed at the main clarifying the Aboriginal communities, in language aspects of the of the complex problems promotion of teaching programs. African languages. This awareness of the of " importance promote the clarification and practical African national langugages and home has languages application of linguistic analyses so that the facilitated discussions of a of related range issues, such benefits of academic research do not remain as the maintenance of national only identity, safeguarding " in academia but can be used by the relevant the cultural the and of patrimony, impact yield Aboriginal communities. education in relation to tire socio-economic " inform people in Australia about what is development of a country, the interaction of formal and happening with the languages of linguistic informal education and the of promotion literacy. minorities in other parts of the world. Delegates to the seminar discussed issues which On the last day of the the included the typology and dynamics of workshop, constitution of the Aboriginal Languages Association was multilingualism, the objectives and options in adopted and office-bearers elected. The constitution calls for a language development and education, curriculum council of ten; nine Aboriginals to full design principles and practice and the technical represent members of the Association, and one to problems of language planning. non-Aboriginal represent the associate members. (Abstracted from: ALSED Newsletter, No. 21, 1981) Membership is Australian $5.00 for individuals and $10.00 for organizations. For membership or further 4 WORKSHOP TO DEVELOP ABORIGINAL information, write: LEADERSHIP IN LANGUAGE PLANNING Gloria Brennan In February, 1981, participants from all parts of Secretary Australia attended a workshop in Alice Springs to Aboriginal Languages Association develop Aboriginal leadership in language planning. 45 Sprent Street Aboriginal representatives from organizations in urban Narrabundah. ACT 2604 areas, traditional communities, linguists researching Australia (Abstracted Association and developing Aboriginal languages, academies from from: Aboriginal Languages Newsletter, No. 1, tertiary institutions, and government officials April, 1981) concerned with language planning in education met for the first time to discuss language matters including the establishment of an Aboriginal Language COCTA CONFERENCE A SUCCESS Association. COCTA convened its first independent conference The Workshop was organized by staff and students at the Zentrumn far Intcrdisziplindre Forschung of the of the Institute for Aboriginal Development. Bielefield University from May 24-27, 1981. Altogether Representatives of the local Yipirinya School and 72 persons from 20 countries participated. teachers from Aboriginal schools in the Central In the preface to the recommendations of the Australian area delivered seminars outlining their conference, it was noted that conceptual and special needs in programs involving Aboriginal terminological analysis is needed in the social sciences languages. It was an opportunity for an exchange of for the following purposes: ideas for those working in bilingual education " To facilitate the conduct of research. programs, interpreting and translation activities, " To improve scientific and technical writing. Aboriginal land rights claims and research. Clarity and precision can be improved through Common concerns expressed at the Conference led more careful use of concepts, and corresponding to the formation of a nation-wide Aboriginal terms, which are most appropriate to the objects Languages Association to: of study and which are not biased toward " improve contact and communication between cultures other than the one being studied. This people at all levels of involvement with is of particular importance for social science

4 Language Planning Newsletter

research on non-Western cultures and the 2. We recommend that COCTA initiate pilot communication of such research in the context projects for the development of classified analytic of the traditional disciplines that are oriented glossaries in specialized areas. Such projects should be toward Western culture. linked to preparations for an International of Social Science To improve the understanding of social science Encyclopedia Concepts. UNESCO to forward results through better understanding of the 3. We strongly urge go terms used. with its plans for an Integrated Thesaurus of the Social Sciences. Such a thesaurus would allow retrieval from a * To improve information storage and retrieval for scientists and scholars, practitioners, and the variety of viewpoints taking account of cultural and contextual differences. Retrieval is either public. supported through direct use in indexing and searching or through facilitating the construction of specialized The General Recommendations of the Conference classification schemes/thesauri. With respect to the were: development of this thesaurus we recommend the 1. Because terms in the social sciences are many following: used for and often deliberately made political purposes a. There is a strong link between the Integrated and because the meaning of some terms ambiguous, Thesaurus and the International Encyclopedia of Social the terms a history of their change radically, giving Science Concepts. own, retrieval systems should provide access to . A computerized descriptor bank should be both an documents through concepts assigned by established and the Thesaurus itself should be the actual terms used in the indexer and through maintained in machine-readable form. This both to scientific and documents. applies writings c. The sources to be used should be selected to historical documents. with respect to their contribution to the final content and/or 2. Designers of glossaries terminological and structure of the Thesaurus; therefore, classification data banks should take into account different degrees of systems should be included. Care should be taken to in Some can be defined difficulty defining concepts. include also sources for concepts arising from social succinctly; others require contexts, including science research in third world countries. Sources not still others are quotations from materials using them; available in machine-readable form should be so complex that substantial analysis and/or extensive converted. reference to relevant literature is required. . Scope notes should be emphasized, so that the 3. Dictionaries mono- or (whether multilingual), concepts covered will be widely understood. and all classification schemes/thesauri, glossaries e. To save effort, an available detailed contain the same basic information; each of tool type classification should be used as a starting point to contains additional information specific to its purpose. develop the conceptual structure. unified data base can be used to One computerized 4. We recommend that guidelines for integrated all of these tools. When term banks are produce thesauri be developed. established for a their torn at should specific purpose, 5. We recommend that COCTA develop be flexible so as to allow for the inclusion of in-depth guidelines for efforts in conceptual and terminological and information and for the conceptual terminological analysis undertaken by disciplinary associations. arrangement of their content in the format of a Readers should note that the following related item is a classification scheme/thesaurus or a dictionary, now available: glossary. Other purposes can then be served by simply Interconcept Report. A New Paradign for Solving additional information. including the Problems the Social Sciences. 4. We recommend that each international Terminology of by Fred W. Riggs. Reports and papers in the social association in the social sciences establish disciplinary sciences, No. 47. UNESCO. 1981. a permanent body to deal with conceptual and terminological problems of their disciplines. 5. We recommend that national disciplinary A NEW NEWSLETTER CALLED 'MOTS' associations initiate and/or maintain projects for the APPEARED analysis of concepts and terms which have significance A review of the to the words in their respective countries and cultures, and to relate meaning given "science", and in the these efforts to the preparation of an international "objectivity" "neutrality" analysis of texts, media and other. Each issue encyclopedia of social science concepts. political, usually will cover the following areas: The Recommendations on Specific Projects were: (1) Lexicology or studies of the meaning, I. We believe that there is an urgent need for an International Encyclopedia of Social Science Concepts. (Continued on page 12)

Language Planning Newsletter 5

linars, Workshops

SEMINAR-Women, Language and Development surnames, etc. and language planning in the area of The Central Institute of Indian Languages, use touches on neutralizing these terms. Mysore, India, held a seminar on Women, Language and Development from August 9th through August 13, 6. How does the language of advertisement refer to 1981. The seminar proposed to have scholars concerned women? One can notice the hidden meaning of with the language used by and about women and those 'usability' with reference to both the woman and the concerned with the development of literacy skills with commodity. That is, the woman is portrayed as a special reference to women identify some viable commodity. research areas which connect language use and language skills with the issues of development and 7. The interest, if any, or cultural differences in democracy. the ability of learning languages, first as well as second, between men and women as adults and as children can also be discussed. Some of the basic questions to be considered at the seminar were: For further information, write: D.P. 1. How do the first skills oral and Pattanayak language (both Director written) acquired by women relate to their Central Institute of Indian Languages participation in development and democracy? This can be discussed in a broader framework of Manasagangotri, Mysore question 570 006, India language acquisition and literacy.

2. How does the process of second language acquisition by women relate to their participation in COLLOQUIUM-The Future of the French development and democracy? The of language acquisition in Scientific and Technical Publications and language as a of socialization links an process Communications individual with other members of a society. The The Conseil de la langue Government of language thus serves as a link between an individual fran5aise, Quebec, organized an international colloquium on and a social group. An individual establishes the "the future of the French in scientific and with other members of his language relationship group through technical and communications. The the first The second one to publications language. language helps took at the Hotel have and contact with members of another colloquium place Hyatt Regency develop in Montréal, Canada between the 1st and 3rd of society and it can in the course of time induce November, 1981. The colloquium attempted to arrive innovations. It is possible to look at the acquisition of at recommendations that may reverse the "present second by women as a in their language catalyst tendencies" and that may "improve the situation." For in the movements for social participation change. further information, contact:

Andrée 3. How does the way in which women are referred LeMay Conseil de la langue to and described effect their identity and personality française 800 place d'Youville and consequently their particiapation in development Québec, Québec G1R 3P4 and democracy? This could throw light on the issue of Canada the place of women in that society, attitude of men towards women and also the self image of women themselves.

4. The study of differences in men's and women's the will speech in some of languages provide insight JOINT CONGRESS-3rd Congress of the West in the of a into the place of women functioning society African Modern Language Association and 14th and the social network. Congrés International de Ia Federation Internationale des Professeurs de Langues Vivantes 5. How can a language change be brought about On August 23-29, 1981, WAMLA and FIPLV Ibadan, on in order to express the equality of men and women? sponsored a joint Congress in Nigeria B. The domination of men is expressed in term like Second and Foreign Languages in Education. C.M. chairman, businessman, workman, the use of Braun chaired a session at these meetings on in Africa." masculine pronoun, the use of husband's name as "Language Policy and Planning

6 Language Planning Newsletter

CONFERENCE-The Development and Use of NOW AVAILAILABLE-Mga Katawagang Writing Systems Panghanapbuhay: Agrikultura at Kaugnay na mga An international conference on "The Development Larangan, Edukasyong Bokasyonal Indtistriyal, and Use of Writing Systems" was held on June 19-23, Pangirigisda, Pantanggapan, Edukasyong Industriyang 1980 at the Zentrum hir Interdisziplinãre Forschung of Panlahanan (Occupational Terminologies: Bielefeld University. Bielefeld University was the Agriculture and Related Fields, Vocational Industrial conference sponsor. The conference was organized by Education, Fisheries, Office Practice, Home Florian Coulmas and Konrad Ehlich. The results of Industry Education). Institute of National Language, this conference will be published in a book entitled: Ministry of Education and Culture, of Writing in Focus with the organizers also as editors. the Philippines. Pp. xii, 331. Preface dated December, Except for one chapter which is in French, the book 1979. will be in English. The publication focuses on the Talasalitaan historical, linguistic and psychological aspects of Maugnayirig Pang-A gham: Ingles- Science writing and will be published by Mouton and Pilipino (Integrated Vocabulary: English- ni Company (Frankenslag 173, Postbus 290, The Hague, Pilipino), pinatnugutan Gonsalo del Rosario. Netherlands). Malabon, MetroManila: Gregorio Araneta University Foundation, 1979. Pp. 311.

Palagawaang Araneta-PLPA ca Katawagan para sa Salipal rig Aghiniuan sa Kabukiran (Araneta-NSDB for Transfer to SJEMITNAR-The Teaching of African Languages in Terminology Program Technology African Universities Rural Areas), Gonsalo del Rosario, tagarnuno. The Association of African Universities held a Malabon: MetroManila: Gregorio Araneta University Foundation, 1978. Nine volumes: na Seminar on the Teaching of African Languages in (1) Sinalapat Mathematics), ni L. African Universities in Lagos, Nigeria on July 20 Sipnayan (Applied Reynaldo at Estrella M. through 24, 1981. The major topics and addresses at Aguilar Pedregosa. Pp. 27. (2) Sinalapat this seminar were: na Agham (Applied Science), ni Porfirio A. Francisco at Melencio Santos. Pp. 30. (3) Sabalak-Angkam (Family Planning), ni Lourdes . Aguilar at Adriano A. Bartolome. Pp. 32. (4) Sakahan (Agriculture), ni "African Languages and National Development Fclipa M. Medina at Pedro L. Reyes. Pp. 29. (5) Actual and Potential" given by Ayo Bamgbose Sakahaning Agsikapan (Agricultural Engineering), ni Lina C. Hervas, Jose A. Acosta, at Abraham B. "African Languages and Development: Policies Blanacaflor. Pp. 47. (6) and Practices" given by M.E. Kashoki and Palahayupan (Animal Husbandry), ni Lea P. at Servillano Boton. Aramtal Diop Mangohig Pp. 27. (7) Palagamutang- Ilayop (Veterinary Medicine), ni Carmen H. Litan at Francisca "Languages and Other Disciplines" given by (. Pp. 27. (8) ni Luz de Gabjanda Palagubatan (Forestry), D. Guzman, Edgardo 0. Mabesa, at Dalmacio Ramos, Anak. Pp. 27. (9) at "The Situation of the Teaching of African Pamahayagan Salathala (Journalism and ni Marina S. Leonardo at Si Languages in African Universities" given by all Publishing), Juan Deborde. the participants 1978. Pp. 31.

"Other Third-World Experience" given by D.P. The Institute of National Pattanayak Language and the Gregorio Araneta University Foundation exemplify two to the of "Personnel Development" given by . Mbassi- approaches problem developing the scientific of Manga terminology Pilipino: The INL borrows relatively freely from foreign languages, modifying the and spelling to conform to Pilipino patterns; on the other hand, the GAUF frowns upon the use of loanwords, preferring to utilize word derivations based on root words, affixes, and combining words of Philippine languages. Thus, where the INL gives the Pilipino equivalent of

(Continued on page 8)

I,anuae Pbnninc 1'tt,' 7

agricultural engineering as znhinyerzyang pang- NOW AVAILABLE- Tuiste in eie taal. Die behoud en agrikultura or inhinyeriyang pansakahan, the GAUF bestaan van . [Home in one's own language. gives it as sakahaning agszkapan. The maintenance and existence of Afrikaans] by . C. Steyn. Cape Town: Tafelberg Publishers, 1980. The drift of popular opinion at the present time (Address: Waalstraat 28, Cape Town 8001, Rep. of seems to favor the INL approach, owing to the South Africa). Pp. xiii, 523. R15.00. obscurity of many of the GAUF forms. The appearance of all these English-Pilipino word lists shows that the lexical elaboration of is Pilipino proceeding apace, J. C. Steyn, a well-known poet in Afrikaans and with different terms in the freely competing enlightened liberal, opposed to racial discrimination, Lourdes S. Baustista) marketplace. (Ma. was shocked into writing this book by the Soweto riots of 1976. The riots, while provoked by general social conditions, were specifically directed against teaching of, or through the medium of, Afrikaans in the schools of the black townships of South Africa. On this point, speedy concessions were made, so that the use and of Afrikaans blacks is NOW AVAILABLE-Filipino Filipino?: Mga knowledge among declining. Should South Africa in the future become a Bagong Babasahzn sa Parnbansang Wika at Literatura unitary state under black rule, it that there (Filipino or Pilipino?: New Readings in the National majority appears will be one official and that Language and Literature), edited by Ernesto only language, English, this will also be the of education. This Constantino, Rogelio Sikat, and Pamela D. Cruz. language higher is, indeed, the situation in black states to the Manila: Rex Book Store, 1974. Pp. 214. many north, and has become the situation in the black states the South African within its The title alludes to the controversy over the sponsored by government borders. national language of the Philippines fiercely raging at own the time of the book's publication. Prior to the Constitutional Convention of 1971, the national Steyn wonders whether it is worth sacrificing his was in the new language Tagalog-based Pilipino; native language, and particularly its use in public life Constitution of 1972, as a concession to anti-Tagalog and for all H functions, for the sake of racial harmony. sentiments, the national is to be language Filipino, He notes the paradox that a continuation of current the so-called 'universal developed through approach' policy might result in the elimination of a language from the different of the The languages Philippines. indigenous to Africa and spoken only there (Afrikaans) lead article, written the senior editor, the by presents and its replacement by a non-indigenous language case for and the of a Filipino feasibility forming (English). Steyn has engaged in very extensive reading national out of several an language languages, of the worldwide literature on language planning, whose and are enterprise viability practicability language policy, and the broad field of the historic rise other At seriously questioned by Philippine linguists. and fall of languages, for which he cites numerous the moment, the is academic: Whatever its name point instances. He quotes extensively from the works of or a national (Pilipino Filipino), language-Tagalog- Ferguson, Fishman, Rubin and Jernudd, Kloss, based, non-puristic Filipino-is widely spoken, Lieberson and other familiar names. propagated by the mass media, the educational system, and Tagalog migration. He offers no absolute solutions, but makes several Made up of six sections dealing with the suggestions. One is for the introduction of language development of a national language and literature, the planning for Afrikaans; while the language is national language in Philippine education, the standardized, alternate forms of the language should national language in Philippine literature, the national also be recognized, parallel to the identification of language and translation, scientific Filipino, and Black English in the U.S. Many blacks, for example, appendices, the book is valuable for its historical are in contact with a highly stigmatized variant of account of the events that led to the repudiation of Afrikaans known as Tsotsi (street criminal) Afrikaans, Tagalog-based Filipino at the 1971 Constitutional the argot of socially marginalized groups. Social, Convention, and for its documentation, in the various economic and political measures for the maintenance articles, of the different styles of Filipino/Filipino, the of Afrikaans are also recommended. In other words, problems in standardizing the orthography of the Steyn makes concrete recommendations for both status language, and the efforts to intellectualize the planning and corpus planning for Afrikaans. language. (Ma. Lourdes S. Baustista) (Richard F. Wood)

8 Language Planning Newsletter

NOW AVAILABLE-English Special Languages, Tadadjeu. Division of Structures, Content, Methods, Place Principles and Practice in Science and Technology by and Techniques of Education (UNESCO, 7 de ED-80/WS/72. Juan C. Sager and David Dungworth, and Peter F. Fontenoy, 75700 Paris, France). June, McDonald. Wiesbaden: Oscar Brandstetter Verlag KG 1980, 147 pp. (Postfach 1708, 6200 Wiesbaden, Federal Republic of Germany), 368 pp. 1980. 45DM.

This book is aimed at the applied linguist, i.e. the NOW AVAILABLE-Reconsideration of African specialist user of English as a native or foreign Policies. Publication #3 of the language (translator, interpreter, technical writer, Linguistic Organization of African Bureau of Box 7284, lexicographer, terminologist, or information scientist) Unity, Languages (P.O. both French and and attempts to provide the above specialists with a Kampala, Uganda). In English. simple framework in which the of articles in this informative science and technology can be seen as a subsystem, There are three very and volume: necessitated by the processes of conceptualization and provocative of Of communication special knowledge. particular 1. Report on Functions and Activities of the OAU are the last two interest to language planners chapters Inter-African Bureau of Languages by John and In 11, the authors discuss "The (11 12). Chapter Kalema, deputy director of the Bureau which Measurement of Efficacy of Communication" by was founded in 1973. considering the following topics: information theoretic Use of considerations, economy, precision, appropriateness, 2. Failure in the Obligatory European and the of a of the efficacy of methods of designation and 'what is Languages Advantages Policy Kahombo good style for engineering writing?'. In Chapter 12, Linguistic Interdependence by entitled "Standardisation" the authors cover the Mateene, director of the Bureau of Languages. the for following topics: scope linguistic regularisation, 3. The Consequences of the Language Policies of British Standards, standarization of terminology, African States vis a vis Education by Eyamba G. British Standards editorial and typographical Bokamba and Josiah S. Tlou. conventions, fundamental British Standards and fundamental international standards.

NOW AVAILABLE-Language and Society no. 5, Spring/Summer 1981. Both in English and French. NOW AVAILABLE-Brief Description of the Spoken Can be ordered from: Information Branch, Office of the China's and Written Languages of Minority Commissioner of Official Languages, Ottawa, Canada Nationalities and China's Educational Policy K1A 0T8. Concerning the Institutes of Nationalities by Lu Bi. Division of Structures, Content, Methods, and Of particular interest to readers of this Newsletter Education Place de Techniques of (UNESCO, 7 are the following three articles: Fontenoy, 75700 Paris, France). ED-80/WS/151. of business in November, 1980, 25 pp. 1. The francization Quebec by Michel Guillotte (Guillotte is executive director of Quebec's Centre de linguistique de Professor Bi, who works at the Central Institute for l'enterprise and is in charge of the francization National Minorities, in has a three Beijing, part program which helps firms develop their ability the nationalities of description regarding minority to operate in French.) China: (1) Description of Spoken and Written 2. air traffic control Sandford F. Languages of China's National Minorities, (2) China's Bilingual by has made a on the Policy Toward the Languages of Minority Borins (Borins special study of air traffic control Nationalities and (3) China's Educational Policy implementation bilingual in and is a book on the Concerning the Institutes of Nationalities. Quebec publishing subject, The Language of the Air, due out this year.

NOW AVAILABLE-A Model for Functional on Trilingual Education Planning in Africa by Maurice (Continued page 10)

Language Planning Newsletter 9

Books and Articles - continued

3. The language question in Belgium by Josiane Nic Jakob Sprachplanung in einer Harriers (Hamers is a professor at Laval komplexen Diglossiesituation University but was born into a French-speaking dargestelit am Bielspiel family which came originally from a Luxemburg (Language Planning predominantly Dutch-speaking part of in a diglossia situation illustrated Belgium). by the case of Luxemburg)

James W. Tollefson Centralized and Decentralized Language Planning

David . Jordan Review Essay on Current Chinese NOW Data Banks. AVAILABLE-Terminological Lexicography Proceedings of the First International Conference, Vienna, April 2 and 3, 1979. Infoterm Series 5. K.G. Saur, Munchen, New York, London, Paris. 1980. 206 pp. DM48. (K.G. Saur Verlag KG, Postfach 711009, 8000 Munchen 71, Federal Republic of Germany). NOW AVAILABLE- 'Sprkvirdens kanaler" by This volume documents some of the major Catharina Grünbaum. In Spra°k i Norden 1980, Lund concerns of those concerned with the standardization of 1980, pages 75-105. access to terminology both within and between countries. 17 countries (United Kingdom, Federal This is a most interesting summary of a discussion Republic of Germany, Austria, France, Italy, USSR, on ways and means through which language Finland, Norway, , , Netherlands, cultivation activities reach the public. This discussion Switzerland, Egypt, Morocco, Canada, U.S.A. and took place at a meeting of Nordic language committees Venezuela) and nine international and European in 1979 in Gentofte, Denmark, and based itself on organizations (Commission of European Communities, Peder Skyum-Nielsen's typology of different levels of European Coordination Centre for Research and language cultivation in Denmark. Griinbaum reports Docomentation, Infoterm, International Electronical how this typology with certain modifications can be Commission, International Institute for Legal and applied to language cultivation in all the Nordic Administrative Terminology, UNESCO, UNIDO, countries. I translate directly from pages 75-77 of her United Nations) sent representatives to this conference. article: This first conference had the purpose of discussing 11 1. Laymen - for who in essential issues such as types of terminology data example, persons routine interaction advise others to or write in a banks, data transfer, quality, classification. speak particular fashion.

2. Public or private places of work - with more or less codified rules of language use.

3. Word processing centers. NOW AVAILABLE-Language Problems and Language Planning, volume 5, number 2, Summer, 4. Advertising and information service agencies. 1981. University of Texas Press (Box 7819, Austin, 5. Political interest groups concerned with Texas 78712, U.S.A.). language (especially in Norway).

This issue contains the following articles of 6. Secretarial and business colleges. interest to language planners: 7. The educational authorities and schools - from adult Heinrich P. Kelz Sprachplanung auf den kindergarten though continuing education and Philippinen und die Entwicklung university study. einer philippinischen 8. Teacher training and journalist training. Nationalsprache (Language Planning in the Philippines and 9. The news media, radio and television; the Development of a Philippine journalists, announcers. National Language) 10. Authors. Jacob R. Miller The Politics of Philippine

National Language Policy (Continued on page 12)

10 Language Planning Newsletter

DIRECTORY OF LANGUAGE PLANNING Skingomz ha Skinwal ORGANIZATIONS Abel Omees As we did in Vol. 7, no. 2, we continue to list Kergoantik additions to the Directory of Language Planning 8 his, rue Duguay-Trouin Organizations (1979, East-West Culture Learning Britanny, France Institute). Please remember to send any additions or corrections to the Directory to: *IJZEI (Unibertsitate Zerbitzuetarako Euskal Joan Rubin Ikastetzea) 2011 Avenue Hermitage Joseba Intausti, Director Wheaton, Maryland 20902 8 Esterlines U.S.A. San Sebastian Guipuzcoa We those who called our gratefully acknowledge The Basque Country attention to the listed below: organizations Spain

Bund für vereinfachte rechtschreibung for the Study of Jewish Languages Renê Schild, President *Association 1610 Eshkol Tower Dorfstrasse 42 University of Haifa 3646 Einigen Mt. Carmel Switzerland Haifa 31999 Israel

Aktion kleinschreibnng e.. 4 Mdrikeweg *Joint National Committee for Languages D-7717 Immendingen 11 Dupont Circle, N.W. Federal Republic of Germany Suite 210 Washington, D.C. 20036 USA Osterreische gesellschaft fur sprachpflege und rechtschreib-erneuerung Zeltgasse 7 *Ada Joint Program Office A-1080 Wien Lt. Col. Larry E. Druffel Austria Director Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Room 2A318, The Pentagon *Verein für Sprachpflege Washington, D.C. 20301 2000 52 Hamburg USA Stutsmoor 12 Federal Republic of Germany

*Kumision i Fino' Chamorro (Chamorro Language Commission) Robert A. Underwood, Chairman P.O. Box 3096 Agana, Guam 96910

0 *RadioTele Brezhoneg (RTB) B.P. 15 22300 Lannion-Cedex Brittany, France

Language Planning Newsletter 11

Books and Articles - continued

11. Publishing companies. (the Committee), Sverigefinska sprknãmnden (the Finnish Language Committee in 12. Free-lance language and communication Sweden)). consultants (who have different kinds of training; in Sweden there is at present a group of 18 language Additionally, Nordic regional and international consultants who have received two years of specialist activities ought to be mentioned, for example, Nordic training at a university). language and culture cooperation, particularly the activities of the Nordic Language Secretariat; 13. Public authorities with a mandate to Denmark's political position in cultivate, create, or influence concerning language language (for example, the European Economic Community; and cooperation Statsrdets translatorsbyr (the Cabinet Office between different international agencies particularly Translation Bureau) in Finland). concerning questions of terminology." In what follows, Grunbaum briefly characterizes 14. Language experts in the civil service (in each of these channels of language cultivation. Sweden, in Cabinet Office), Statsr5ñsberedningen (the (Björn H. Jernudd) at Statskontoret (the National Swedish Office for Administrative Rationalization and Economy) and Riksskatteverket (IRS); ... in Norway, there are special language consultants for legal language and for radio and television and it has been proposed that Forbruker- og administrasjonsdepartementet (the Consumer Information and Administration Ministry) should add similar positions). formation, history and social functions of words 15. Linguistic and language cultivation manuals: Lexicornetrics or the of statistical word books and word lists, manuals, grammars, etc. (2) application methods to the study of lexical phenomena 16. Academies and societies for language (3) General items of interest including critical cultivation Sweden, for Svenska (in example, notes, reviews of readings and theses and Akademien (the Swedish Academy) and bibliographical references in the domain of for Sprikvrdssamfundet (the Society Language socio-political vocabulary. Cultivation)). For further information, write: 17. and Terminology special-language agencies Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences (in Demark, Terminologigruppen (the Terminology Politiques in Finland, Centralen for teknisk Group); terminologi 27 rue Saint-Guillaume the for Technical (i'SK; Clearinghouse Terminology); 75341 Paris Cedex 07 in , the Icelandic and Engineering Society France vocabulary committees of several labour unions; in Norway, Radet for teknisk terminologi (RTT; the Council of Technical Terminology); in Sweden,

flatiOft ft I ft Tekniska nomenklatureentralen (TNC; the Swedish H VEST UENTEIS is a al ednea jo!. till Haw:ft the U.,. (onU are in lOU Centre of Technical Terminology). In addition, the by pd , standftng between the United ft. I . 'I Nordic standardization agencies.) II naooftof ii ft! Pacific tlltoftftgh roopenftti .Jt. l\l:ft Iftiore than 1 .500 jnws and s. committees I IcC ft 18. Language (Dansk Sprognaevn fl,lH nations and 5ft51 IC m jstnhL'.i (the Committee), Finska sprkbyrân ft. ii lotUs or I , .l ale " flIftI ,ftlCftl ,i ift!'',,'.ft'I-H lej'Ift(.H'.!iI (the Finnish Language Committee), Svenska sprkbyrn i Finland (the Swedish Language

Committee in Finland), Fróctskaparsetur Føroya (the ft ft

Faroese Academy) and MSlstovnur Føroya ft Fr&tskaparfelags (the Faroese Language Society), ft Grtsnlands Sprog- og Retskrivningsudvalg (the ftft Language and Orthography Committee), Islensk mSlnefnd (the Committee), Norsk sprkrd (the Council), the Sami Language Committee, Svenska sprkniiinnden

12 Language Planning Newsletter