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Analysis of Options for Delivering Highly Protected Marine Reserves in Wales J Analysis of Options for Delivering Highly Protected Marine Reserves in Wales J. W. Andrews CCW Policy Research Report No: 06/42 This is a report of research commissioned by the Countryside Council for Wales. The Council has a programme of research in scientific and other areas, which supports the development of policies and practical work and helps point the way to new countryside legislation. However, the views and recommendations presented in this report are not necessarily those of the Council and should, therefore, not be attributed to the Countryside Council for Wales. Disclaimer: The material provided in this report is general in nature. It should not be relied upon or treated as a substitute for legal advice in relation to individual situations. Except in respect of the Countryside Council for Wales, the author shall have no responsibility for any loss that may arise from reliance on any part of the material contained in this report. The Countryside Council for Wales shall also have no responsibility for any loss that may arise from reliance on any part of the material contained in this report. ©CCGC/CCW 2006 Report series: CCW Policy Research Report Report number: 06/42 Publication date: November 2006 Contract number: FC 73 03 291 Contractor: Jim Andrews, AWJ Marine Ltd, www.awjmarine.co.uk Nominated officer(s): Kirsty Dernie & John Hamer Title: Options for delivering Highly Protected Marine Areas in Wales Author(s): Andrews, J. W. Restrictions: None Distribution list (core): CCW HQ Library, Bangor CCW N Region Library, Mold CCW N Region Library, Bangor CCW SE Region Lib., Cardiff CCW W Region Library, Llandeilo CCW W Region Library, Pemb CCW Skomer MNR National Library of Wales WAG Library British Library NHM Library JNCC Peterborough, Library SNH Edinburgh, Library EN Peterborough Library EHS Library Distribution list (others): Jill Thomas, WAG Wendy Twell , WAG Kath Winnard , WAG Keith Davies , CCW John Hamer, CCW Kirsty Dernie , CCW Clare Eno, CCW Natasha Lough, CCW Gabrielle Wyn, CCW Adam Cole-King, CCW Phil Newman, CCW Kate Bull, NE Chris Davis, NE Recommended citation for this volume: Andrews, J.W., 2006. Analysis of Options for Delivering Highly Protected Marine Reserves in Wales. CCW Policy Research Report No: 06/42, 59pp. CONTENTS Contents...........................................................................................................................................i List of Figures...............................................................................................................................iii List of Tables.................................................................................................................................iii Table of Authorities .....................................................................................................................iv Crynodeb Gweithredol ................................................................................................................vi Crynodeb Gweithredol ...............................................................................................................vii Executive summary......................................................................................................................ix 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background..........................................................................................................................1 1.2 Scope.....................................................................................................................................1 2 Highly Protected Marine Reserves ...........................................................................................3 2.1 What is an HPMR? .............................................................................................................3 2.2 Benefits of HPMRs..............................................................................................................4 2.3 HPMRs in Wales .................................................................................................................4 2.4 Assessing prospects for creating HPMRs..........................................................................5 3 Case Studies: No Take Zones ....................................................................................................6 3.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................6 3.2 Lundy....................................................................................................................................6 3.3 Skomer..................................................................................................................................9 3.4 Whitsand Bay.....................................................................................................................11 3.5 Summary............................................................................................................................13 3.6 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................14 4 Assessing the Options for Creating HPMRs..........................................................................15 4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................15 4.1.1 Use of existing laws .....................................................................................................15 4.1.2 New legislation.............................................................................................................15 4.2 Assessing the options.........................................................................................................17 5 The Law and the Marine Environment..................................................................................18 5.1 The Law..............................................................................................................................18 5.2 Protecting marine wildlife ................................................................................................18 5.2.1 Wildlife conservation ...................................................................................................18 5.2.2 Regulating human activities.........................................................................................20 i 6 Using Existing Laws to Create HPMRs ................................................................................. 25 6.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 25 6.2 HPMRs compared to existing wildlife designations....................................................... 25 6.2.1 Marine Nature Reserves............................................................................................... 25 6.2.2 Sites of Special Scientific Interest ............................................................................... 27 6.2.3 Local Nature Reserves ................................................................................................. 27 6.2.4 National Nature Reserves............................................................................................. 27 6.2.5 Areas of Special Protection.......................................................................................... 27 6.2.6 Special Areas of Conservation..................................................................................... 28 6.2.7 Special Protection Areas .............................................................................................. 29 6.2.8 Summary ...................................................................................................................... 29 6.3 Coordinated sectoral management.................................................................................. 30 6.3.1 Purpose......................................................................................................................... 30 6.3.2 Extent ........................................................................................................................... 31 6.3.3 Influence, Scope and Practicality................................................................................. 31 6.3.4 Summary ...................................................................................................................... 32 6.4 Unregulated and unlicensed activities............................................................................. 37 6.5 Alternative mechanisms for site protection.................................................................... 38 6.5.1 Archaeological & heritage sites ................................................................................... 38 6.5.2 Military sites ................................................................................................................ 39 6.5.3 Summary ...................................................................................................................... 39 6.6 Conclusions........................................................................................................................ 40 7 Options for New Legislation ...................................................................................................41 7.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................
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