DOCSLIB.ORG

Diasporas, Ethnic Conflict, and Traumatic Events

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diasporas, Ethnic Conflict, and Traumatic Events DIASPORAS, ETHNIC CONFLICT, AND TRAUMATIC EVENTS A dissertation presented by Christopher P. Cunningham to The Department of Political Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of Political Science Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts April 2013 1 DIASPORAS, ETHNIC CONFLICT, AND TRAUMATIC EVENTS by Christopher P. Cunningham ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities of Northeastern University April 2013 2 ABSTRACT This research examines how ethnic diaspora communities perceive and respond to “traumatic events” in the homeland and evaluates the capacity of these events to act as catalysts to mobilize diasporas in support of co-ethnic separatist movements. Although other factors help to shape perceptions and influence the relative effectiveness of mobilization, the purpose of this research is to develop a clearer understanding of how a single violent event can have a grave and unique impact on diaspora views of a homeland separatist movement and help lead to the mobilization of its supporters. To gain these insights and analyze diaspora perceptions and ensuing forms of mobilization, the research entails both an in-depth single case study and a multi-case comparative approach. For the single case study, I use structured interviews conducted with Sikh diaspora members living in the United States to examine the perceptions and ensuing actions of these Sikhs to a controversial 1984 Indian military operation codenamed Operation Blue Star. For the multi-case study, I analyze the response of the Irish and Uyghur ethnic diasporas to three homeland traumatic events: the 1972 Bloody Sunday killings and 1981 Irish hunger strike in Northern Ireland, and the 2009 Urumqi riots in Xinjiang. Based on the results of these comparative case examinations, I argue that traumatic events affect ethnic members symbolically and emotionally, leading to a process of “event galvanization” where diaspora opinions shift in favor of the separatist movement, increasing the likelihood of mobilization among diaspora members to take actions in support of the separatist movement. Key Words: diaspora, ethnic conflict, ethnonationalism, traumatic events, symbolism, emotion, Punjab, Sikhs, Northern Ireland, Irish America, Xinjiang, Uyghurs 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research began and ended as a journey. During summer expeditions to Punjab, India in 2009 and 2010, I had the chance to explore the lively bazaars breathing at the foot of the Golden Temple in Amritsar, where Sikh shopkeepers barter with pilgrims and holy men handle thousands of portraits and other remembrances of the violence inflicted on their most beloved shrine during a 1984 government-ordered attack codenamed Operation Blue Star. It was during one of these nights that I first conceived of researching the impact of traumatic events on ethnic populations, including those living overseas. Over the next few years, I traveled around the country to meet Sikhs who could share their perceptions of the attack, and by project’s end I had visited California, Massachusetts, Maryland, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington D.C. in pursuit of these interviews. Even my dissertation defense was a journey — from Alexandria, Virginia where I moved after marrying my college sweetheart, back to Boston in the spring of 2013 — a trip I had eagerly anticipated but which became remarkable for different reasons. That was the week the Boston Marathon bombing took place, a traumatic day for anyone who had ever lived in Boston, to say nothing of the injured and killed. When President Obama arrived later that week to console the victims and speak at Holy Cross Cathedral, he spoke of the grit and perseverance of “the Boston diaspora,” and in that dark moment I was reminded again of humankind’s wonderful, occasionally troublesome tendency to see those with whom we share a common experience as members of our extended family. As this journey reaches its end, I feel quite privileged then to thank what has become my own extended family for their tremendous support these past few years. 4 First, I wish to thank the members of my committee, whose willingness to engage, discuss, brainstorm, encourage and collaborate made this research project an awesome and deeply powerful experience. Thanks to Professor James Forest, who provided insightful suggestions and constant encouragement; his expertise on terrorism studies strengthened the overall caliber of this project. Prof. Forest is a true scholar and ambassador, and I anticipate and look forward to future collaborations. I also wish to thank Professor Amílcar Barreto, who has made a dramatic impact on my life ever since I arrived at Northeastern in the fall of 2008. His expertise helped me think more fundamentally about nationalist processes, including how nationalists interpret events symbolically and imaginatively. This project would have come up short without his counsel; more importantly, his wisdom and stories shared over beers at Woody’s Pizza and Pub enriched my life. Thank you, Amílcar, for your faith in me and your friendship. Finally, I want to express my deepest thanks to my first reader and dissertation supervisor, Professor David Schmitt, who is the reason I came to Northeastern and the reason I leave it as a proud recipient of its PhD. Prof. Schmitt encouraged me to think creatively during the early stages of this project, provided the steady voice of reason and theory during its middle stages, and in latter months encouraged me to contemplate real world implications and the role of justice. His critiques were powerful, his criticism constructive, but most of all, he encouraged me to think provocatively and speak the heart and mind. Professor Schmitt, your impact on my life is profound. I will apply the lessons you taught me throughout my career and my life. There are other professors in Northeastern’s Department of Political Science with whom I may not have worked directly on this project, but whose oversight and supervision on other projects fed directly into this research. In this respect, I wish to thank Profs. David Rochefort, Suzanne Ogden, Woody Kaye, John Portz, and Gov. Michael Dukakis. I also wish to thank those 5 who provided direct institutional support for this project. It is difficult to overstate how highly I think of Northeastern’s Office of Human Subjects Research Protection. I am indebted to Andrea Goldstein in particular, who shepherded my project through the necessary preparations with tremendous skill and effectiveness, and along the way made several suggested “tweaks” that dramatically strengthened my data collection. She is simply superb. I also wish to thank Amy Killeen, the Director of Graduate Studies for the College of Social Sciences and Humanities. She is by far the most responsive and enthusiastic administrator I met during my five years at Northeastern, and saved me from more than one catastrophe — which is to say I had the same experience with her that every other graduate student has had at one time or another. Thanks to fellow graduate students Jennapher Lunde Seefeldt, Portia Cason, and Elizabeth Killian, who put in the painstaking hours to help me transcribe dozens of interviews. Jennapher, Portia, and Beth: it is no exaggeration to say this project would have been impossible without you. Thank you. I am also deeply appreciative of the support and friendship of Barbara Chin and Lyle Ring, both of whom care deeply about the department’s graduate students and serve as their administrative guardians. On behalf of my fellow graduate students, thank you both. I am deeply indebted to all of the Sikhs who agreed to be interviewed for this project and offered such personal reflections to a complete stranger. They welcomed me into their homes, introduced me to their families, and then spoke honestly and openly about one of the darkest days of their lives. I believe that the willingness of these respondents to relive painful memories for the sake of this research speaks to their overwhelming desire to increase understanding about Sikhism. I am so grateful to each one of these respondents; they changed my life. I also wish to express my deep thanks to Aman Saini, who rescued this project at a critical stage by facilitating 6 several critical interviews. Aman’s insights into Sikhism and the Sikh people also strengthened my own understanding of his culture. You have such a bright future Aman. Danvad. This research would not have been possible without the support of all my friends, family and loved ones. I want to offer my heartfelt gratitude to the unholy mob with whom I grew up, and who were there for me during every traumatic episode of my life: Timothy Johnstone, Taylor Ewing Johnstone, David Simon, Alex Hoffmann, Jimmy Schwarz, Joey Wilkinson, and the late Zachary Scarpellini. I also wish to thank Patricia Condon and Michael Fowler, who first got me pointed north — or east, rather, toward Northern Ireland — when I was at the University of Louisville. And thanks to Prof. Dale Billingsley, who rescued me during a critical impasse; vouched for me, a brave move at the time; and ever since has served in the almost completely disadvantageous and undesired role of being my most trusted confidante. Thanks DBB. It is with deepest affection that I thank my extended family in Boston, fellow students in the doctoral program who endured the same trials that I did and thus knew where I was coming from when I occasionally shouted or demanded a fish sandwich: thanks to Diane Bulpett, Adam Mosher, Alison Uzdella, Julie Garey, and Kristen Hudak Rosero. Thank you for being my extended family in Boston, for all the political and policy debates, and for consistently rallying behind my leadership of Tolstoy Reader. I also wish to thank my Boston friends who allowed me to become part of their lives and whose friendship I look forward to in future years: Sydney Schneir, Jarvis Chen, Veronica Czastkiewicz, Lacey Bradley, and Tim Harrington.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thatcher, Northern Ireland and Anglo-Irish Relations, 1979-1990
    From ‘as British as Finchley’ to ‘no selfish strategic interest’: Thatcher, Northern Ireland and Anglo-Irish Relations, 1979-1990 Fiona Diane McKelvey, BA (Hons), MRes Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences of Ulster University A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Ulster University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2018 I confirm that the word count of this thesis is less than 100,000 words excluding the title page, contents, acknowledgements, summary or abstract, abbreviations, footnotes, diagrams, maps, illustrations, tables, appendices, and references or bibliography Contents Acknowledgements i Abstract ii Abbreviations iii List of Tables v Introduction An Unrequited Love Affair? Unionism and Conservatism, 1885-1979 1 Research Questions, Contribution to Knowledge, Research Methods, Methodology and Structure of Thesis 1 Playing the Orange Card: Westminster and the Home Rule Crises, 1885-1921 10 The Realm of ‘old unhappy far-off things and battles long ago’: Ulster Unionists at Westminster after 1921 18 ‘For God's sake bring me a large Scotch. What a bloody awful country’: 1950-1974 22 Thatcher on the Road to Number Ten, 1975-1979 26 Conclusion 28 Chapter 1 Jack Lynch, Charles J. Haughey and Margaret Thatcher, 1979-1981 31 'Rise and Follow Charlie': Haughey's Journey from the Backbenches to the Taoiseach's Office 34 The Atkins Talks 40 Haughey’s Search for the ‘glittering prize’ 45 The Haughey-Thatcher Meetings 49 Conclusion 65 Chapter 2 Crisis in Ireland: The Hunger Strikes, 1980-1981
    [Show full text]
  • The Causes and Consequences of State Repression in Internal Armed Conflict: Sub-State Capacity and the Targets of State Violence
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Political Science ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 9-5-2013 The aC uses and Consequences of State Repression in Internal Armed Conflict: Sub-State Capacity and the Targets of State Violence Philip Hultquist Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/pols_etds Recommended Citation Hultquist, Philip. "The aC uses and Consequences of State Repression in Internal Armed Conflict: Sub-State Capacity and the Targets of State Violence." (2013). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/pols_etds/10 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Philip Hultquist Candidate Political Science Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Christopher K. Butler, Chairperson William Stanley Mark Peceny Neil Mitchell i THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF STATE REPRESSION IN INTERNAL ARMED CONFLICT: SUB-STATE CAPACITY AND THE TARGETS OF STATE VIOLENCE by PHILIP HULTQUIST B.S., Government and Public Affairs, Missouri Western State University, 2004 M.A., Political Science, University of New Mexico, 2007 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Political Science The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico July, 2013 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank everyone who has supported me while completing my doctoral degree and especially while writing this dissertation. To do so, however, would result in an acknowledgements section much longer than the dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 1
    Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 1 Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 2 Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 3 Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This volume is based on papers presented at the two-day international conference on ―Potential and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora‖ held on November 14-15, 2012 at Islamabad Hotel, Islamabad. The Conference was jointly organised by the Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI) and the Hanns Seidel Foundation, (HSF) Islamabad. The organisers of the Conference are especially thankful to Dr. Martin Axmann, Resident Representative HSF, Islamabad, for his co- operation and sharing the expense on the Conference. For the papers presented in this volume, we are grateful to all participants, as well as the chairpersons of the different sessions. We are also thankful to the scholars, students and professionals who accepted our invitation to participate in the conference. The successful completion of the Conference owes much to the untiring efforts and logistical support provided by the staff of the IPRI and the HSF. Finally, our thanks are due to all those whom it would not be possible to thank individually for their help in making the Conference a success. Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 5 ACRONYMS ACFROC All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese AJK Azad Jammu and Kashmir ANP Awami National Party APPNA Association of Physicians of Pakistani Descent of North America BBC Urdu British Broadcasting Corporation Urdu BEOE Bureau
    [Show full text]
  • Handbook of Second Level Educational Research: Breaking the S.E.A.L
    Provided by the author(s) and NUI Galway in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the published version when available. Title Handbook of second level educational research: Breaking the S.E.A.L. Student engagement with archives for learning Author(s) Flynn, Paul; Houlihan, Barry Publication Date 2017-07 Publication Flynn, Paul, & Houlihan, Barry. (2017). Handbook of second Information level educational research: Breaking the S.E.A.L. Student engagement with archives for learning. Galway: NUI Galway. Publisher NUI Galway Item record http://hdl.handle.net/10379/6687 Downloaded 2021-09-24T14:02:50Z Some rights reserved. For more information, please see the item record link above. Handbook of Second Level Educational Research Breaking the S.E.A.L. Student Engagement with Archives for Learning, NUI Galway, 2017 Editors: Paul Flynn and Barry Houlihan ISBN: 978-1-908358-56-1 Table of Contents Foreword 7 Introduction 9 Moneenageisha Community College 10 Alanna O’Reilly Deborah Sampson Gannett and Her Role in the Continental Army During the American Revolutionary War. 11 Mitchelle Dupe The Death of Emmett Till and its Effect on American Civil Rights Movement. 11 Andreea Duma Joan Parlea: His Role in the Germany Army Between 1941-1943. 11 Paddy Hogan An Irishmans' Role in The Suez Crisis. 11 Presentation College Headford 12 Michael McLoughlin Trench Warfare in World War 1 13 Ezra Heraty The Gallant Heroics of Pigeons during the Great War 14 Sophie Smith The White Rose Movement 15 Maggie Larson The Hollywood Blacklist: Influences on Film Content 1933-50 16 Diarmaid Conway Michael Cusack – Gaelic Games Pioneer 18 Ciara Varley Emily Hobhouse in the Anglo-Boer War 19 Andrew Egan !3 The Hunger Striking in Irish Republicanism 21 Joey Maguire Michael Cusack 23 Coláiste Mhuire, Ballygar 24 Mártin Quinn The Iranian Hostage Crisis: How the Canadian Embassy Workers Helped to Rescue the Six Escaped Hostages.
    [Show full text]
  • Warsi 4171.Pdf
    Warsi, Sahil K. (2015) Being and belonging in Delhi: Afghan individuals and communities in a global city. PhD thesis. SOAS University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22782/ Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Being and Belonging in Delhi: Afghan Individuals and Communities in a Global City Sahil K. Warsi Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD 2015 Department of Anthropology and Sociology SOAS, University of London 1 Declaration for SOAS PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the SOAS, University of London concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination.
    [Show full text]
  • The Khalsa and the Non-Khalsa Within the Sikh Community in Malaysia
    International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 2017, Vol. 7, No. 8 ISSN: 2222-6990 The Khalsa and the Non-Khalsa within the Sikh Community in Malaysia Aman Daima Md. Zain1, Jaffary, Awang2, Rahimah Embong 1, Syed Mohd Hafiz Syed Omar1, Safri Ali1 1 Faculty of Islamic Contemporary Studies, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) Malaysia 2 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i8/3222 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i8/3222 Abstract In the pluralistic society of Malaysia, the Sikh community are categorised as an ethnic minority. They are considered as a community that share the same religion, culture and language. Despite of these similarities, they have differences in terms of their obedience to the Sikh practices. The differences could be recognized based on their division into two distintive groups namely Khalsa and non-Khalsa. The Khalsa is distinguished by baptism ceremony called as amrit sanskar, a ceremony that makes the Khalsa members bound to the strict codes of five karkas (5K), adherence to four religious prohibitions and other Sikh practices. On the other hand, the non-Khalsa individuals have flexibility to comply with these regulations, although the Sikhism requires them to undergo the amrit sanskar ceremony and become a member of Khalsa. However the existence of these two groups does not prevent them from working and living together in their religious and social spheres. This article aims to reveal the conditions of the Sikh community as a minority living in the pluralistic society in Malaysia. The method used is document analysis and interviews for collecting data needed.
    [Show full text]
  • In Defense of Propaganda: the Republican Response to State
    IN DEFENSE OF PROPAGANDA: THE REPUBLICAN RESPONSE TO STATE CREATED NARRATIVES WHICH SILENCED POLITICAL SPEECH DURING THE NORTHERN IRISH CONFLICT, 1968-1998 A thesis presented to The Honors Tutorial College Ohio University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation from the Honors Tutorial College with a Degree of Bachelor of Science in Journalism By Selina Nadeau April 2017 1 This thesis is approved by The Honors Tutorial College and the Department of Journalism Dr. Aimee Edmondson Professor, Journalism Thesis Adviser Dr. Bernhard Debatin Director of Studies, Journalism Dr. Jeremy Webster Dean, Honors Tutorial College 2 Table of Contents 1. History 2. Literature Review 2.1. Reframing the Conflict 2.2.Scholarship about Terrorism in Northern Ireland 2.3.Media Coverage of the Conflict 3. Theoretical Frameworks 3.1.Media Theory 3.2.Theories of Ethnic Identity and Conflict 3.3.Colonialism 3.4.Direct rule 3.5.British Counterterrorism 4. Research Methods 5. Researching the Troubles 5.1.A student walks down the Falls Road 6. Media Censorship during the Troubles 7. Finding Meaning in the Posters from the Troubles 7.1.Claims of Abuse of State Power 7.1.1. Social, political or economic grievances 7.1.2. Criticism of Government Officials 7.1.3. Criticism of the police, army or security forces 7.1.4. Criticism of media or censorship of media 7.2.Calls for Peace 7.2.1. Calls for inclusive all-party peace talks 7.2.2. British withdrawal as the solution 7.3.Appeals to Rights, Freedom, or Liberty 7.3.1. Demands of the Civil Rights Movement 7.3.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix List of Interviews*
    Appendix List of Interviews* Name Date Personal Interview No. 1 29 August 2000 Personal Interview No. 2 12 September 2000 Personal Interview No. 3 18 September 2000 Personal Interview No. 4 6 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 5 16 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 6 17 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 7 18 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 8: Oonagh Marron (A) 17 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 9: Oonagh Marron (B) 23 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 10: Helena Schlindwein 28 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 11 30 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 12 1 November 2000 Personal Interview No. 13 1 November 2000 Personal Interview No. 14: Claire Hackett 7 November 2000 Personal Interview No. 15: Meta Auden 15 November 2000 Personal Interview No. 16 1 June 2000 Personal Interview Maggie Feeley 30 August 2005 Personal Interview No. 18 4 August 2009 Personal Interview No. 19: Marie Mulholland 27 August 2009 Personal Interview No. 20 3 February 2010 Personal Interview No. 21A (joint interview) 23 February 2010 Personal Interview No. 21B (joint interview) 23 February 2010 * Locations are omitted from this list so as to preserve the identity of the respondents. 203 Notes 1 Introduction: Rethinking Women and Nationalism 1 . I will return to this argument in a subsequent section dedicated to women’s victimisation as ‘women as reproducers’ of the nation. See also, Beverly Allen, Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1996); Alexandra Stiglmayer, (ed.), Mass Rape: The War Against Women in Bosnia- Herzegovina (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 1994); Carolyn Nordstrom, Fieldwork Under Fire: Contemporary Studies of Violence and Survival (Berkeley: University of California, 1995); Jill Benderly, ‘Rape, feminism, and nationalism in the war in Yugoslav successor states’ in Lois West, ed., Feminist Nationalism (London and New Tork: Routledge, 1997); Cynthia Enloe, ‘When soldiers rape’ in Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women’s Lives (Berkeley: University of California, 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Hunger Strikes by Irish Republicans, 1916-1923 Michael Biggs ([email protected]) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
    Hunger Strikes by Irish Republicans, 1916-1923 Michael Biggs ([email protected]) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Paper prepared for Workshop on Techniques of Violence in Civil War Centre for the Study of Civil War, Oslo August 2004 “It is not those who can inflict the most, but those who can suffer the most who will conquer.” (Terence MacSwiney, 1920) “The country has not had, as yet, sufficient voluntary sacrifice and suffering[,] and not until suffering fructuates will she get back her real soul.” (Ernie O’Malley, 1923) The hunger strike is a strange technique of civil war. Physical suffering—possibly even death—is inflicted on oneself, rather than on the opponent. The technique can be conceived as a paradoxical inversion of hostage-taking or kidnapping, analyzed by Elster (2004). With kidnapping, A threatens to kill a victim B in order to force concessions from the target C; sometimes the victim is also the target. With a hunger strike, the perpetrator is the victim: A threatens to kill A in order to force concessions.1 Kidnappings staged for publicity, where the victim is released unconditionally, are analogous to hunger strikes where the duration is explicitly 1 This brings to mind a scene in the film Blazing Saddles. A black man, newly appointed sheriff, is surrounded by an angry mob intent on lynching him. He draws his revolver and points it to his head, warning them not to move “or the nigger gets it.” This threat allows him to escape. The scene is funny because of the apparent paradox of threatening to kill oneself, and yet that is exactly what hunger strikers do.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Inequality and Class Consciousness in the Canadian Sikh Diaspora Harmeet S
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Scholarship@Western Western University Scholarship@Western MA Research Paper Sociology Department October 2016 Beyond the Land of Five Rivers: Social Inequality and Class Consciousness in the Canadian Sikh Diaspora Harmeet S. Sandhu [email protected], [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/sociology_masrp Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Sandhu, Harmeet S., "Beyond the Land of Five Rivers: Social Inequality and Class Consciousness in the Canadian Sikh Diaspora" (2016). MA Research Paper. 9. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/sociology_masrp/9 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology Department at Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in MA Research Paper by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. BEYOND THE LAND OF FIVE RIVERS: SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE CANADIAN SIKH DIASPORA by Harmeet Singh Sandhu A research paper accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Sociology The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada Supervisor: Dr. Anton Allahar 2016 ABSTRACT Romanticized visions of Khalistan became emotively embedded in the hearts and minds of Sikh-Canadians following the execution of Operation Blue Star. Today, insurgents residing within the contested homeland continue to draw support from Sikh immigrants and their Canadian-born descendants. Perplexingly, while a sizable proportion of second and third-generation Sikh youth advocate for the creation of the theocratic state of Khalistan, many selectively disregard the righteous way of life envisioned by the founders of the Khalsa Panth.
    [Show full text]
  • Leiknd E.My Lg;Ksxh Dezpkjh
    EDITORIAL BOARD Shri Wajahat Habibullah : Chairman Shri Binod Kumar : Member Dr. Atindra Sen : Member Ms. B.V. Uma Devi : Member Shri S.K. Nandy : Member Dr. A. Subrahmanyam : Member Shri Manoj Ahuja : Member Ms. Arti Ahuja : Editor SUPPORTING STAFF Ms. Anju Vishnoi lEiknd e.My Jh otkgr gchcqYykg % v/;{k Jh fcuksn dqekj % lnL; Mk¡- vfrUnz lsu % lnL; Jherh ch- oh- mek nsoh % lnL; Jh ,l- ds uUnh % lnL; Mk¡- ,- lqczgkeU;e % lnL; Jh eukst vkgwtk % lnL; Jherh vkjrh vkgwtk % lEiknd lg;ksxh deZpkjh vatw fo'uksbZ ç'kkld THE ADMINISTRATOR Journal of the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie 2001 fnlEcj] 2001 December, 2001 Hkkx@vad 44 la 2 Vol. XLIV No. 2 Copyright © 2001 SOFTRAIN, Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie (Uttaranchal) This Journal or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher. The views expressed and facts stated in the articles contained in this volume are of the individual authors and are in no way those of either the Editor, the institution to which he/she belongs, or of the publisher. Annual Subscription India Rs. 400 Foreign US$ 10 Published by : SOFTRAIN, Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie (Uttaranchal) and Printed in India at Print Vision, Dehradun-248 001 FOREWORD iii Foreword We have in our hands the second issue of the "Administrator" for the year 2001. This has been a momentous year and has changed the course of the current history. It has in the process altered many perceptions, beliefs and the way we conduct our lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Representations of the 1981 Northern Irish Hunger Strike in International Press
    B 148 OULU 2017 B 148 UNIVERSITY OF OULU P.O. Box 8000 FI-90014 UNIVERSITY OF OULU FINLAND ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS ACTA HUMANIORAB Erja Simuna Erja Simuna Professor Esa Hohtola THE MANY FACES OF University Lecturer Santeri Palviainen A CONFLICT Postdoctoral research fellow Sanna Taskila REPRESENTATIONS OF THE 1981 NORTHERN IRISH HUNGER STRIKE IN INTERNATIONAL PRESS Professor Olli Vuolteenaho University Lecturer Veli-Matti Ulvinen Director Sinikka Eskelinen Professor Jari Juga University Lecturer Anu Soikkeli Professor Olli Vuolteenaho UNIVERSITY OF OULU GRADUATE SCHOOL; UNIVERSITY OF OULU, FACULTY OF HUMANITIES, HISTORY Publications Editor Kirsti Nurkkala ISBN 978-952-62-1484-9 (Paperback) ISBN 978-952-62-1485-6 (PDF) ISSN 0355-3205 (Print) ISSN 1796-2218 (Online) ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS B Humaniora 148 ERJA SIMUNA THE MANY FACES OF A CONFLICT Representations of the 1981 Northern Irish hunger strike in international press Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Training Committee of Human Sciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in Keckmaninsali (HU106), Linnanmaa, on 25 February 2017, at 12 noon UNIVERSITY OF OULU, OULU 2017 Copyright © 2017 Acta Univ. Oul. B 148, 2017 Supervised by Professor Kari Alenius Professor Olavi K. Fält Reviewed by Doctor Antero Holmila Doctor Mika Suonpää Opponent Professor Leila Koivunen ISBN 978-952-62-1484-9 (Paperback) ISBN 978-952-62-1485-6 (PDF) ISSN 0355-3205 (Printed) ISSN 1796-2218 (Online) Cover Design Raimo Ahonen JUVENES PRINT TAMPERE 2017 Simuna, Erja, The many faces of a conflict. Representations of the 1981 Northern Irish hunger strike in international press University of Oulu Graduate School; University of Oulu, Faculty of Humanities, History Acta Univ.
    [Show full text]