Handbook of Second Level Educational Research: Breaking the S.E.A.L
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World War II
World War II. – “The Blitz“ This information report describes the events of “The Blitz” during the Second World War in London. The attacks between 7th September 1940 and 10 th May 1941 are known as “The Blitz”. The report is based upon information from http://www.secondworldwar.co.uk/ , http://www.worldwar2database.com/ and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blitz . Prelude to the War in London The Second World War started on 1 st September 1939 with the German attack on Poland. The War in London began nearly one year later. On 24 th August 1940 the German Air Force flew an attack against Thames Haven, whereby some German bombers dropped bombs on London. At this time London was not officially a target of the German Air Force. As a return, the Royal Air Force attacked Berlin. On 5th September 1940 Hitler ordered his troops to attack London by day and by night. It was the beginning of the Second World War in London. Attack on Thames Haven in 1940 The Attacks First phase The first phase of the Second World War in London was from early September 1940 to mid November 1940. In this first phase of the Second World War Hitler achieved great military success. Hitler planned to destroy the Royal Air Force to achieve his goal of British invasion. His instruction of a sustainable bombing of London and other major cities like Birmingham and Manchester began towards the end of the Battle of Britain, which the British won. Hitler ordered the German Air Force to switch their attention from the Royal Air Force to urban centres of industrial and political significance. -
Thatcher, Northern Ireland and Anglo-Irish Relations, 1979-1990
From ‘as British as Finchley’ to ‘no selfish strategic interest’: Thatcher, Northern Ireland and Anglo-Irish Relations, 1979-1990 Fiona Diane McKelvey, BA (Hons), MRes Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences of Ulster University A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Ulster University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2018 I confirm that the word count of this thesis is less than 100,000 words excluding the title page, contents, acknowledgements, summary or abstract, abbreviations, footnotes, diagrams, maps, illustrations, tables, appendices, and references or bibliography Contents Acknowledgements i Abstract ii Abbreviations iii List of Tables v Introduction An Unrequited Love Affair? Unionism and Conservatism, 1885-1979 1 Research Questions, Contribution to Knowledge, Research Methods, Methodology and Structure of Thesis 1 Playing the Orange Card: Westminster and the Home Rule Crises, 1885-1921 10 The Realm of ‘old unhappy far-off things and battles long ago’: Ulster Unionists at Westminster after 1921 18 ‘For God's sake bring me a large Scotch. What a bloody awful country’: 1950-1974 22 Thatcher on the Road to Number Ten, 1975-1979 26 Conclusion 28 Chapter 1 Jack Lynch, Charles J. Haughey and Margaret Thatcher, 1979-1981 31 'Rise and Follow Charlie': Haughey's Journey from the Backbenches to the Taoiseach's Office 34 The Atkins Talks 40 Haughey’s Search for the ‘glittering prize’ 45 The Haughey-Thatcher Meetings 49 Conclusion 65 Chapter 2 Crisis in Ireland: The Hunger Strikes, 1980-1981 -
Creating, Transmitting and Maintaining Handed-Down Memories of the Emergency in Ireland
Études irlandaises 46-1 | 2021 Passer au crible les traces du passé : modèles, cadres et métaphores The War That Never Came: Creating, Transmitting and Maintaining Handed-Down Memories of the Emergency in Ireland. Acknowledging Family Recollections of WWII Patrick Gormally Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/etudesirlandaises/10759 DOI: 10.4000/etudesirlandaises.10759 ISSN: 2259-8863 Publisher Presses universitaires de Caen Printed version Date of publication: 8 July 2021 Number of pages: 143-167 ISBN: 978-2-38185-030-6 ISSN: 0183-973X Electronic reference Patrick Gormally, “The War That Never Came: Creating, Transmitting and Maintaining Handed-Down Memories of the Emergency in Ireland. Acknowledging Family Recollections of WWII”, Études irlandaises [Online], 46-1 | 2021, Online since 08 July 2021, connection on 10 July 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/etudesirlandaises/10759 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/etudesirlandaises. 10759 Études irlandaises est mise à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale - Partage dans les Mêmes Conditions 4.0 International. The War That Never Came: Creating, Transmitting and Maintaining Handed- Down Memories of the Emergency in Ireland. Acknowledging Family Recollections of WWII 1 Abstract: Within the context of WWII, this essay explores the notion of national and personal conflict within individuals and communities in Ireland, part of which had undergone the severing of imperial connections and the attainment of national independence less than a full generation before. In Ireland, the conflict of war on a wider stage impinged upon an inner conflict closer to the heart. To go or not to go… to war. -
The Belfast Blitz
The Belfast Blitz Blitz is short for ‘Blitzkrieg’ which is the German word for a lightning war. It was named after the bombs, light flashes and the noise of the German bomber planes in the Second World War. Belfast was one of the most bombed cities in the UK. The worst attacks were on 15th April 1941 and 4th May 1941. Unprepared James Craig (Lord Craigavon) was prime minister of Northern Ireland and was responsible for preparing Belfast for any attacks by the German ‘Luftwaffe’. He and his team did very little to prepare the city for the bombings. In fact, they even forgot to tell the army that an attack might happen! Belfast was completely unprepared for the Blitz. Belfast had a large number of people living in the city but it had very few air raid shelters. There were only 200 public shelters in the whole of Belfast for everyone to share. Searchlights were designed to scan the sky for bombing aircrafts. However, they were not even set up before the attacks began. The Germans were much better prepared. They knew Belfast was not ready for them. They choose seven targets to hit: Belfast Power Station, Belfast Waterworks, Connswater Gasworks, Harland and Wolff Shipyards, Rank and Co. Mill, Short’s Aircraft Factory and Victoria Barracks. Why Was Belfast Attacked? Belfast was famous and still is famous for ship building and aircraft building. At the time of the Blitz, the Harland and Wolff shipyards were some of the largest in the world. There were over 3,000 ships in the Belfast docks area and the Germans wanted to destroy them. -
Von Wildgänsen Und Pmcs
Von Wildgänsen und PMCs. Der Wandel in der gesellschaftlichen Wahrnehmung von Söldnern in Film und Fernsehen. Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Eingereicht von David Christopher Jaklin, Mag. phil. am Institut für Geschichte Erstbegutachter: Dieter-Anton Binder, Ao. Univ.-Prof. Dr.phil. tit. Univ.-Prof. Zweitbegutachter: Helmut Konrad, O.Univ.-Prof. Dr.phil. Dr.h.c. 2017 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort 5 I. Einleitung 6 A. Vorgehensweise 8 B. Aufbau der Arbeit 9 C. Verwendete Quellen und Literatur 10 II. Die Problematik der Terminologie 13 D. Definitions- und Differenzierungsversuche 14 1. Völkerrecht und internationale Organisationen 14 2. Die Problembeurteilung des UN Special Rapporteur on the use of mercenaries 19 E. Wissenschaftlicher Diskurs – ein Abwägen der Grauzonen 19 1. Differenzierung von Söldnern und PMCs 19 2. Das Artikulieren der definitorischen Grauzonen 21 3. Tim Spicer – aus den Augen und dem Mund eines Beteiligten 22 4. Die Rückkehr zum alten Söldnerbegriff 23 5. Die moralische Bewertung der “Söldner” 24 F. Exkurs: Die historische Genese der Söldner 25 1. Die Condottieri 26 2. Die Reisläufer 28 3. Die Landsknechte 29 4. Der Krieg im Wandel – der 30-jährige Krieg als Zäsur 29 G. Zwischenfazit – Das Spannungsfeld der Definition 31 H. Die für diese Arbeit verwendete Definition 33 I. Vorgehensweise und Methode 33 J. Forschungsfragen 37 III. Narrative und Stereotypen 38 K. Die weißen Söldner 40 1. Dark of the Sun – The Mercenaries – Katanga 42 2. The Wild Geese und Daniel Carneys Blick auf die Weißen Söldner seiner Zeit 49 3. The Dogs of War und Frederick Forsyths Beitrag zum Genre 56 4. -
15 Bus Time Schedule & Line Route
15 bus time schedule & line map 15 Ballycullen Road - Clongri∆n Station View In Website Mode The 15 bus line (Ballycullen Road - Clongri∆n Station) has 2 routes. For regular weekdays, their operation hours are: (1) Ballycullen Road (Hunter's Avenue) - Park And Ride Car Park: 24 hours (2) Main Street - Ballycullen Road (Hunter's Avenue): 24 hours Use the Moovit App to ƒnd the closest 15 bus station near you and ƒnd out when is the next 15 bus arriving. Direction: Ballycullen Road (Hunter's Avenue) - 15 bus Time Schedule Park And Ride Car Park Ballycullen Road (Hunter's Avenue) - Park And Ride 68 stops Car Park Route Timetable: VIEW LINE SCHEDULE Sunday 24 hours Monday 24 hours Ballycullen Road, Stop 6282 Hunters Walk, Dublin Tuesday 24 hours Woodstown Avenue, Stop 6335 Wednesday 24 hours Old Ballycullen Road, Dublin Thursday 24 hours Woodstown Sc, Stop 6326 Friday 24 hours Woodstown, Stop 4886 Saturday 24 hours St Colmcille's Way, Stop 4887 Scholarstown Road, Stop 1150 15 bus Info Knocklyon Road, Stop 1151 Direction: Ballycullen Road (Hunter's Avenue) - Park And Ride Car Park Knockaire, Stop 1152 Stops: 68 Knocklyon Road, Dublin Trip Duration: 77 min Line Summary: Ballycullen Road, Stop 6282, Knockcullen Rise, Stop 1153 Woodstown Avenue, Stop 6335, Woodstown Sc, Knockcullen Rise, Dublin Stop 6326, Woodstown, Stop 4886, St Colmcille's Way, Stop 4887, Scholarstown Road, Stop 1150, Coolamber Park, Stop 1154 Knocklyon Road, Stop 1151, Knockaire, Stop 1152, 25 Coolamber Court, Dublin Knockcullen Rise, Stop 1153, Coolamber Park, Stop 1154, Woodbrook -
What Were the Effects of the Belfast Blitz?
What were the effects of the Belfast Blitz? Learning Intentions: Describe the weaknesses of Northern Ireland’s defences Explain why Belfast was so badly defeated Analyse the key effects of the Belfast Blitz On 7th September 1940 London was attacked. It was the beginning of 2 months of nightly bombing raids. This extended to Liverpool, Coventry and Glasgow. By March 1941 over 28,000 people had been killed. Why did Germany carry out this bombing campaign? 2 main reasons: 1) To disrupt war effort 2) To break the morale of the civilian population (withdraw from war) In 1941 Belfast was targeted by over 150 Luftwaffe bombers. Why? • Germany was aware of the key role that a number of the city’s industries were playing in the war effort. • Northern Ireland was playing an important strategic role in the war effort Northern Ireland’s industrial contribution Northern Ireland’s strategic importance Use your knowledge to complete the table The weaknesses of Belfast’s Defences • In the middle of your page write ‘The Belfast Blitz’. Weaknesses Reasons why • Now read the handout pdf. of Belfast’s Belfast was Defences so weakly defended. • Create two different arms for your spider diagram The • Weaknesses of Belfast’s defences Belfast • Reasons why Belfast was so weakly Blitz defended. • Use the handout to complete your spider diagram. The weaknesses of Belfast’s Defences In 1941 Belfast was targeted by Reasons why Weaknesses 150 Luftwaffe bombers. They Belfast was of Belfast’s visited Belfast four times; so weakly Defences defended. 7-8 April, 15-16 April, 4-5 May and The 5-6 May. -
Dublin North Inner City Creating a Place of Hope, Where Young People’S Dreams Are Realised
Young People At Risk YPAR Dublin North Inner City Creating a place of hope, where young people’s dreams are realised YOUNG PEOPLE’S MIND YOUR MIND DIRECTORY OF SERVICES FOR CHILDREN, YOUNG PEOPLE AND THEIR FAMILIES IN THE DUBLIN NORTH INNER CITY YOUNG PEOPLE’S MIND YOUR MIND DIRECTORY OF SERVICES FOR CHILDREN, YOUNG PEOPLE AND THEIR FAMILIES IN THE NORTH INNER CITY Aosóg Aware Belong To Youth Services Crinan Youth Project CDETB Psychological Service Daughters of Charity Community Services Extern HEADSUP.ie Hill Street Family Resource Centre Limited Hope: Hands on Peer Education HSE, Dublin North City & County CAMHS HSE North Strand Mental Health Services Lisdeel Family Centre (formerly Curam) MyMind - Centre for Mental Wellbeing Neighbourhood Youth Project 1 (Nyp1) Neighbourhood Youth Project 2 (Nyp2) Nickol Project (North Inner City Keeps on Learning) Ozanam House Resource Centre Primary Care Psychology Service Psychotherapy and Counselling Services Samaritans of Dublin Sanctuary for Young People Programme S4YP SAOL S.A.S.S.Y (Substance Abuse Service Specific to Youth) SpunOut St. Joseph’s Adolescent and Family Service St. Joseph’s Adolescent Inpatient Unit Swan Youth Service Teen Counselling Service Is Provided By Crosscare Teen-Line Ireland The Talbot Centre Advocacy – Irish Advocacy Network Snug Counselling Service GROW Young Adult Mental Health Services in Dublin North Central General Practitioners in Dublin North Central YPAR | YOUNG PEOPLE’S MIND YOUR MIND Page Aosóg . 1 Aware . 2 Belong To Youth Services . 3 CDETB Psychological Service . 4 Crinan Youth Project . 5 Daughters of Charity Community Services . 6 Extern . 7 HEADSUP.ie . 8 Hill Street Family Resource Centre Limited . -
1476620137807.Pdf
Since the middle of the twentieth century Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa in particular, has been dogged by war and its ever present partners; conquest, famine and death. Much debate can be, and is, had about who or what is to blame for this sorry state of affairs, and what is certain is that there are no shortage of political commentators who are all too happy to tell you their theories. In B’Maso I have attempted, but not always succeeded, to avoid any such postulating. Instead of politics, what the gamer will find inside is lots of information that will, I hope, allow him to refight a selection of African wars, stretching from the 1950s up to the 1990s across thousands of miles and hundreds of cultures. There are rule changes and additions that will help the gamer produce games that capture the feel of the various conflicts – some generic to Africa, others specific to one conflict. As will be seen, so much of the fighting in Africa was, in effect, the embodiment of the cold war fought by proxies. This can mean that all sorts of weird and wonderful equipment can turn up, from pre-WWII armoured trucks to the most modern technology. In many places it is impossible to provide detailed orders of battle, as formations operated on an entirely ad hoc basis, using anything that they could lay their hands on. What we have done throughout, however, is provide information on organisational structures and equipment that was used by the various nations, factions, tribes and groups. -
In Defense of Propaganda: the Republican Response to State
IN DEFENSE OF PROPAGANDA: THE REPUBLICAN RESPONSE TO STATE CREATED NARRATIVES WHICH SILENCED POLITICAL SPEECH DURING THE NORTHERN IRISH CONFLICT, 1968-1998 A thesis presented to The Honors Tutorial College Ohio University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation from the Honors Tutorial College with a Degree of Bachelor of Science in Journalism By Selina Nadeau April 2017 1 This thesis is approved by The Honors Tutorial College and the Department of Journalism Dr. Aimee Edmondson Professor, Journalism Thesis Adviser Dr. Bernhard Debatin Director of Studies, Journalism Dr. Jeremy Webster Dean, Honors Tutorial College 2 Table of Contents 1. History 2. Literature Review 2.1. Reframing the Conflict 2.2.Scholarship about Terrorism in Northern Ireland 2.3.Media Coverage of the Conflict 3. Theoretical Frameworks 3.1.Media Theory 3.2.Theories of Ethnic Identity and Conflict 3.3.Colonialism 3.4.Direct rule 3.5.British Counterterrorism 4. Research Methods 5. Researching the Troubles 5.1.A student walks down the Falls Road 6. Media Censorship during the Troubles 7. Finding Meaning in the Posters from the Troubles 7.1.Claims of Abuse of State Power 7.1.1. Social, political or economic grievances 7.1.2. Criticism of Government Officials 7.1.3. Criticism of the police, army or security forces 7.1.4. Criticism of media or censorship of media 7.2.Calls for Peace 7.2.1. Calls for inclusive all-party peace talks 7.2.2. British withdrawal as the solution 7.3.Appeals to Rights, Freedom, or Liberty 7.3.1. Demands of the Civil Rights Movement 7.3.2. -
Appendix List of Interviews*
Appendix List of Interviews* Name Date Personal Interview No. 1 29 August 2000 Personal Interview No. 2 12 September 2000 Personal Interview No. 3 18 September 2000 Personal Interview No. 4 6 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 5 16 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 6 17 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 7 18 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 8: Oonagh Marron (A) 17 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 9: Oonagh Marron (B) 23 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 10: Helena Schlindwein 28 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 11 30 October 2000 Personal Interview No. 12 1 November 2000 Personal Interview No. 13 1 November 2000 Personal Interview No. 14: Claire Hackett 7 November 2000 Personal Interview No. 15: Meta Auden 15 November 2000 Personal Interview No. 16 1 June 2000 Personal Interview Maggie Feeley 30 August 2005 Personal Interview No. 18 4 August 2009 Personal Interview No. 19: Marie Mulholland 27 August 2009 Personal Interview No. 20 3 February 2010 Personal Interview No. 21A (joint interview) 23 February 2010 Personal Interview No. 21B (joint interview) 23 February 2010 * Locations are omitted from this list so as to preserve the identity of the respondents. 203 Notes 1 Introduction: Rethinking Women and Nationalism 1 . I will return to this argument in a subsequent section dedicated to women’s victimisation as ‘women as reproducers’ of the nation. See also, Beverly Allen, Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1996); Alexandra Stiglmayer, (ed.), Mass Rape: The War Against Women in Bosnia- Herzegovina (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 1994); Carolyn Nordstrom, Fieldwork Under Fire: Contemporary Studies of Violence and Survival (Berkeley: University of California, 1995); Jill Benderly, ‘Rape, feminism, and nationalism in the war in Yugoslav successor states’ in Lois West, ed., Feminist Nationalism (London and New Tork: Routledge, 1997); Cynthia Enloe, ‘When soldiers rape’ in Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women’s Lives (Berkeley: University of California, 2000). -
Hunger Strikes by Irish Republicans, 1916-1923 Michael Biggs ([email protected]) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Hunger Strikes by Irish Republicans, 1916-1923 Michael Biggs ([email protected]) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Paper prepared for Workshop on Techniques of Violence in Civil War Centre for the Study of Civil War, Oslo August 2004 “It is not those who can inflict the most, but those who can suffer the most who will conquer.” (Terence MacSwiney, 1920) “The country has not had, as yet, sufficient voluntary sacrifice and suffering[,] and not until suffering fructuates will she get back her real soul.” (Ernie O’Malley, 1923) The hunger strike is a strange technique of civil war. Physical suffering—possibly even death—is inflicted on oneself, rather than on the opponent. The technique can be conceived as a paradoxical inversion of hostage-taking or kidnapping, analyzed by Elster (2004). With kidnapping, A threatens to kill a victim B in order to force concessions from the target C; sometimes the victim is also the target. With a hunger strike, the perpetrator is the victim: A threatens to kill A in order to force concessions.1 Kidnappings staged for publicity, where the victim is released unconditionally, are analogous to hunger strikes where the duration is explicitly 1 This brings to mind a scene in the film Blazing Saddles. A black man, newly appointed sheriff, is surrounded by an angry mob intent on lynching him. He draws his revolver and points it to his head, warning them not to move “or the nigger gets it.” This threat allows him to escape. The scene is funny because of the apparent paradox of threatening to kill oneself, and yet that is exactly what hunger strikers do.