DOCSLIB.ORG

Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 1 Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 1 Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 2 Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 3 Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This volume is based on papers presented at the two-day international conference on ―Potential and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora‖ held on November 14-15, 2012 at Islamabad Hotel, Islamabad. The Conference was jointly organised by the Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI) and the Hanns Seidel Foundation, (HSF) Islamabad. The organisers of the Conference are especially thankful to Dr. Martin Axmann, Resident Representative HSF, Islamabad, for his co- operation and sharing the expense on the Conference. For the papers presented in this volume, we are grateful to all participants, as well as the chairpersons of the different sessions. We are also thankful to the scholars, students and professionals who accepted our invitation to participate in the conference. The successful completion of the Conference owes much to the untiring efforts and logistical support provided by the staff of the IPRI and the HSF. Finally, our thanks are due to all those whom it would not be possible to thank individually for their help in making the Conference a success. Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 5 ACRONYMS ACFROC All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese AJK Azad Jammu and Kashmir ANP Awami National Party APPNA Association of Physicians of Pakistani Descent of North America BBC Urdu British Broadcasting Corporation Urdu BEOE Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment BIOE Bureau of Immigration and Overseas Employment CAK Culture Area Karakorum CCP Chinese Communist Party CGE Computable General Equilibrium CP Colombo Process CPPCC Chinese People‘s Political Consultative Conference CWAs Community Welfare Attaches DAAD German Academic Exchange Service DfG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft EU European Union FDI Foreign Direct Investment FERC Foreign Exchange Remittance Card GCC Gulf Cooperation Council GCIM Global Commission on International Migration GDP Gross Domestic Product GNP Gross National Product HEC Higher Education Commission ICU Intensive Care Unit IDPs Internally Displaced Persons IOM International Organization of Migration IT Information Technology KHW Karakorum High Way KPK Khyber Pakhtunkhwa LMU Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität ME Middle East Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 6 MOIF Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs MQM Mohajir Quami Movement NADRA National Database and Registration Authority NGOs Non-governmental Organization NICOP National Identity Cards for Overseas Pakistanis NIPS National Institute of Pakistan Studies NPC National People‘s Congress NRI Non Resident Indians NWFP North West Frontier Province OCAC Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee OCIs Overseas Citizens of India OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OEPs Overseas Employment Promoters ONS Office of the National Statistics OPF Overseas Pakistanis Foundation PBD Pravasi Bharatiya Divas PDC Pakistan Diaspora Commission PIDE Pakistan Institute of Development Economics PIOs Persons of Indian Origin PML-N Pakistan Muslim League (N) POC Pakistan Origin Cards PRC People‘s Republic of China PSLM Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey SADC South Asian Diaspora Convention SAI South Asia Institute of Heidelberg University SCCCI Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry SEZs Special Economic Zones SLS Semant Lok Sangthan STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics TCF The Citizens Foundation UAE United Arab Emirates UK United Kingdom US United States WCEC World Chinese Entrepreneurs Convention WTO World Trade Organization Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 7 Contents Acknowledgements Acronyms i Introduction 1 Welcome Address 11 Dr. Noor ul Haq Opening Remarks Mr.Andreas Duerr 12 Inaugural Address Dr. Kamal Monnoo 13 Concluding Address Dr. Muhammad Farooq Sattar 14 Chapter 1 Changing Perceptions about Home: The Life of Second and Third Generation Dr. Marta Bolognani 17 Chapter 2 Changing Patterns of Migration: Brain Drain/Human Capital Migration Ms. Nadia Sajjad 35 Chapter 3 Migration and Family Structures: Case Study of Mirpur Ms. Saira Rehman 55 Chapter 4 Experiences of a Pakistani Student in Germany Dr. M. Azam Chaudhry 63 Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 8 Chapter 5 Conflict Conflagration and Conflict Mitigation in the Context of Pakistani Diaspora: Permanent, Circular Migration and Political Refuge Dr. Moonis Ahmar 77 Chapter 6 International Migrations and Middle Class Nexus in Pakistan: A Preliminary Investigation Dr. G.M. Arif 90 Chapter 7 Migrants’ Rights and Pakistani Diaspora Communities Dr. Sabiha H. Syed 121 Chapter 8 Diaspora and Economy: Effects of the Global Economic Slowdown on Remittances Dr. Vaqar Ahmed and Mr. Muhammed Sohaib 133 Chapter 9 Influence of Remittances on Disaster Management Dr. Abid Qayum Suleri 154 Chapter 10 Diaspora Philanthropy Mr. Zubair K. Bhatti 157 Chapter 11 Indian Model of Managing Diaspora (Non Resident Indians) Mr. Mohammed Abdul Kalam 160 Chapter 12 The Chinese Model of Diaspora Management Dr. Hong Liu and Dr. Els van Dongen 174 Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 9 Chapter 13 Vision for Overseas Pakistanis 2050: Imperatives and Challenges Dr. Muhammad Hafeez 195 Contributors 211 Index 214 IPRI Publications 224 Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 1 Introduction Dr. Noor ul Haq, Air Cdre Khalid Iqbal (R) and Muhammad Nawaz Khan his volume presents the proceedings of a two-day international conference on ―Potential and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora‖ jointly T organised by Islamabad Policy Research Institute (IPRI) and Hanns Seidel Foundation (HSF), Germany on November 14-15 , 2012. Prominent scholars, academicians and policy-makers from Pakistan, United Kingdom (UK), India and Singapore participated in the Conference. Various contemporary models were discussed and strategies were proposed to optimise Pakistani diaspora‘s role in enhancing social and economic status of the country. The objective of the Conference was to have an in-depth study of various aspects of Pakistani diaspora to evolve a vision for optimally managing it and realizing its potential. In order to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the diaspora‘s impact on the social, political and economic life in Pakistan, a cross-sectional study was undertaken alongside a comparative evaluation as to how other countries with other sizable diasporas have managed and utilized them for respective national development. Pakistan has a huge and diverse diaspora numbering around seven million, scattered all over the world. They are either Pakistani citizens or are of Pakistani origin. Some have moved to the UK, where they already live as second or third generation, while some have moved to the United States (US) and Canada to start a new life. Others have taken up temporary work in the Middle East (ME)/Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries to improve their livelihood. Besides, Pakistani students are living and studying at various universities, mostly in the western countries; some of them return to their homeland to make use of their acquired knowledge and expertise; a large number chooses to adopt their host country as a place of permanent residence. A large number of them also hold dual citizenship. Cumulatively, overseas Pakistanis contribute around five per cent of Pakistan‘s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) through remittances i.e., around US$ 13 billion per annum. Over the decades, the mobility of the Pakistani emigrants has been global and has had a considerable impact on the society of host countries as well as developments in Pakistan. In view of the potential and importance Potentil and Prospects of Pakistani Diaspora 2 of its diaspora, the government of Pakistan has instituted the Ministry for Overseas Pakistanis. The ministry's task is to formulate policies to facilitate working conditions of Pakistanis abroad and assist their re-integration when they finally return home. The impulse for migration, social conditions prior to migration, experiences in the new country of residence, social and familial connections to Pakistan and the dilemma whether to return or not — are some of the variables influencing the non-resident Pakistanis‘ patterns of engagement back home. How do members of the diaspora returning home affect the intellectual and social life of the local communities? How can students coming back from abroad improve conditions in Pakistan? Are there ways and means to better coordinate and manage a large number of overseas Pakistanis with diverse educational and social backgrounds? In which ways, can engagement with the Pakistani diaspora open up avenues for national development? The Pakistani emigrants comprise mostly of working class people who leave their homeland in search of livelihood, though the number of members from higher socio-economic strata, professionals and businessmen has been growing over the decades. The motive for migration is primarily economic; to secure not only basic livelihood but a better life for themselves and dependants back home. The choice to return is governed by factors like comparative opportunities in the host country and homeland, willingness of the host countries to retain them, and family compulsions in Pakistan. The Pakistani diaspora makes tangible as well as intangible contributions to their country of origin as well as to their country of residence. Studies have explored the changing dynamics
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Impact of COVID-19 on Labour Migration Governance, Recruitment Practices and Migrant Workers
    Rapid assessment: The impact of COVID-19 on labour migration governance, recruitment practices and migrant workers Rapid assessment The impact of COVID-19 on labour migration governance, recruitment practices and migrant workers Pakistan, March–November 2020 Copyright © International Labour Organization 2021 First published 2021 Written by: Zishan Ahmad Siddiqi, National Project Coordinator, ILO REFRAME project, Pakistan Editing and design: Ruya Leghari, Consultant Photos: ILO Pakistan Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with a reproduction rights organization may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. ISBN 9789220342404 (print) ISBN: 9789220342411 (web PDF) The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them.
    [Show full text]
  • Bahrain-Based Entrepreneur Baburajan Wins Pravasi Bharatiya
    SUNDAY, JANUARY 10, 2021 02 Bahrain-based entrepreneur Baburajan wins Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award Indian Ambassador Piyush Srivastava says, “Pravasi Bharatiya Samman brings great joy to Indian community”. Indian Ambassador to Bahrain Piyush Srivastava and Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award winner KG Baburan with top officials and guests yesterday as part of the Pravasi dian (NRI), Person of Indian Or- assistance within India and GCC. attributed to the liberal, tolerant man and Managing Director of TDT | Manama Bharatiya Divas (PBD) Conven- igin (PIO), and organisations or The Ambassador wished and welcoming society of the BKG Holding, Qatar Engineering tions. institutions established and run the community and Babura - Kingdom.” Ambassador Srivas- Laboratories and Quality Piling ndian Ambassador to Bah- “The news brings great joy to by NRIs or PIOs. The Indian Am- jan every success in promoting tava thanked the Leadership and and Construction companies, rain Piyush Srivastava the members of the Indian com- bassador also thanked Baburajan Bahrain-India ties and a better Government of Bahrain “for the and has operations across the Iyesterday congratulated munity here in the Kingdom,” for his invaluable contributions understanding of India’s rich care taken by them of our com- GCC. Bahrain-based entrepreneur said the Indian Ambassador con- to the enrichment of the Indian culture and diversity across munity, particularly during the Baburajan was instrumental Baburajan Vava Kalluparambil gratulating Baburajan for being Diaspora, which had played a the world during celebrations difficult times of COVID 19 pan- during the construction of the Gopalan for winning the highest among the very best of India. crucial role in the development of 16th PBD Convention at the demic.” prestigious 25-kilometre-long honour conferred on overseas Baburajan is one of the di - of Bahrain and India and en - embassy.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report Contents
    Expanding the economic engagement of the Indian diaspora with India For details contact: Ms. Sujata Sudarshan CEO, OIFC, and Director – CII 249-F, sector 18, Udyog Vihar, Phase IV, Gurgaon —122015, Haryana, INDIA Tel: +91-124-4014055/6 | Fax: +91-124-4309446 Website: www.oifc.in lR;eso t;rs Government of India Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs The government and people of India recognise and greatly value the important role being played by In- dian communities living abroad. We believe that the Indian diaspora has much more to contribute to the building of modern India. We propose to facilitate, encourage and promote this engagement 4 izoklh Hkkjrh; dk;Z ea=ky; Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs www.overseasindian.in | www.moia.gov.in his year’s Pravasi Bharatiya Divas in Jaipur. I am told that the Government of Ra- marks the tenth anniversary of the jasthan proposes to build a Pravasi Bharatiya event which was first held in the year Bhawan in Jaipur. This Bhawan will house the 2003. This decade has been marked offices of not only the Protector of Emigrants but by a visible accretion in the influence also a Migrant Resource Centre to provide on- Tand impact of the global Indian across the site help to overseas Indians and emigrating world. We have witnessed a steady growth in workers. their numbers, levels of prosperity and their The Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs is skills. implementing the e-migrate project that will The government and people of India recog- provide end-to-end computerized solutions for nise and greatly value the important role being all processes in the emigration system.
    [Show full text]
  • A Nation in Chains by G M Syed
    About the book A thesis for a separate homeland for Sindhis. This book was first published in 1974. It laid the foundations for the Sindhi Nationalist Movement. A complete social, political, economical and philosophical argument supporting the formation of ‘Sindhudesh.’ A Nation in Chains; Copyright © www.panhwar.com 1 CHAPTER I Introduction Sindhu Desh was born with the birth of Mother Earth. Our attachment with it, too, is as old and ancient as that. As the days pass into nights and the seasons change, man, observes his regime of wakefulness and sleep and register the effect of the change. Like individuals, the peoples also have their cycles of hibernation and soulfulness of life and activity. At certain times of their history, they rise and took some giant steps on the road to civilization heights, and putting a mile stone or two on the path, they slow down and then step aside to catch breath some times even slide down dangerously and wait quietly for the chance to rise and get the way again. Sindhu Desh is the land of the people, noted for their ancient civilization and culture. They have had a remarkably magnificent past. For some period in their recent history, they hose to forget their status as a people and fell into a regret able bout of slumber, and permitted themselves to be overrun and ruled by alien peoples. We, the present generation of the people of Sindhu Desh are the product of that hapless period of our history. After separation of Sindhu from Bombay Presidency in India in 1936 when we found our political freedom, economic prosperity and cultural growth check mated at home, we over reacted, and largely misconceiving the situation, held the Hindu vested interests, to be responsible for it.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Diaspora and Global Organizations: Communities and Con­Tested Boundaries
    Bhat, Chandrashekhar (2018): Indian Diaspora and Global Organizations: Communities and Con tested Boundaries. In: Elfriede Hermann and Antonie Fuhse (eds.): India Beyond India: Dilemmas of Belonging. Göttingen: Göttingen University Press (Göttingen Series in Social and Cultural Anthropology, 12), pp. 27–48. Doi: 10.17875/gup2020-1262 2 Indian Diaspora and Global Organizations: Communities and Contested Boundaries Chandrashekhar Bhat Introduction This chapter focuses on the emergence of Indian diaspora organizations operating at the global level to articulate their socio-cultural, economic and political interests. The Indian diaspora comprises communities no less diversified than those found in the land of origin, often reflecting these diversities through a wide variety of ethnic minority associations. Unlike the ethnic associations of Indian immigrants, which are formed specifically to address their immediate concerns in the context of adjust- ment and integration into the ‘host society,’ the diaspora organizations are essentially transnational, uniting global collectives based on national, subnational, linguistic, caste or religious identities. These diversities are further compounded on a tempo- ral plane, differentiating the descendants of early colonial indentured immigrants (PIO, i.e. the Persons of Indian Origin diaspora) from later immigrants who left after India’s Independence (NRI, i.e. the Non-Resident Indian diaspora). The dynamics of these diversities carry implications for the grouping and regrouping of Indian diaspora communities: all of them compete and contend in their efforts to form global organizations. This chapter explores the formation of pan-Indian Global Organizations of Peo- ple of Indian Origin (GOPIO) and the regional / linguistic organizations formed, for example, by the Telugu, Gujarati and Punjabi communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Warsi 4171.Pdf
    Warsi, Sahil K. (2015) Being and belonging in Delhi: Afghan individuals and communities in a global city. PhD thesis. SOAS University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22782/ Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Being and Belonging in Delhi: Afghan Individuals and Communities in a Global City Sahil K. Warsi Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD 2015 Department of Anthropology and Sociology SOAS, University of London 1 Declaration for SOAS PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the SOAS, University of London concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination.
    [Show full text]
  • The Khalsa and the Non-Khalsa Within the Sikh Community in Malaysia
    International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 2017, Vol. 7, No. 8 ISSN: 2222-6990 The Khalsa and the Non-Khalsa within the Sikh Community in Malaysia Aman Daima Md. Zain1, Jaffary, Awang2, Rahimah Embong 1, Syed Mohd Hafiz Syed Omar1, Safri Ali1 1 Faculty of Islamic Contemporary Studies, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) Malaysia 2 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i8/3222 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i8/3222 Abstract In the pluralistic society of Malaysia, the Sikh community are categorised as an ethnic minority. They are considered as a community that share the same religion, culture and language. Despite of these similarities, they have differences in terms of their obedience to the Sikh practices. The differences could be recognized based on their division into two distintive groups namely Khalsa and non-Khalsa. The Khalsa is distinguished by baptism ceremony called as amrit sanskar, a ceremony that makes the Khalsa members bound to the strict codes of five karkas (5K), adherence to four religious prohibitions and other Sikh practices. On the other hand, the non-Khalsa individuals have flexibility to comply with these regulations, although the Sikhism requires them to undergo the amrit sanskar ceremony and become a member of Khalsa. However the existence of these two groups does not prevent them from working and living together in their religious and social spheres. This article aims to reveal the conditions of the Sikh community as a minority living in the pluralistic society in Malaysia. The method used is document analysis and interviews for collecting data needed.
    [Show full text]
  • South Asia's Wealth Diaspora: Looking Beyond Non-Resident
    South Asia’s Wealth Diaspora: Looking Beyond Non-Resident Indians Industry Forecast Report Reference code: IS0208MR Published: April 2012 BRICdata John Carpenter House 7 Carmelite Street London EC4Y 0BS United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 20 7936 6400 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7336 6813 www.bricdata.com www.bricdata.com EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 Executive Summary India Population and market size The population of overseas Indians, including non-resident Indians (NRIs) and persons of Indian origin (PIOs), reached XX.X million in 2011, with the population of NRI millionaires reaching approximately XXX,XXX in the same year. The US accounts for the largest proportion of NRI millionaires, followed by the UK, the UAE, Canada, Hong Kong, Singapore and Indonesia. The value of the worldwide wealth management market for NRI millionaires increased from US$XXX.X billion in 2007 to US$XXX.X billion in 2011, recording a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of X.XX% during the review period (2007–2011). This value is expected to increase from US$XXX.X billion in 2012 to US$XXX.X billion in 2016, registering a CAGR of XX.XX% over the forecast period. The value of NRI inward remittance increased from US$XX.X billion in 2007 to US$XX.X billion in 2011, registering a CAGR of XX.XX% during the review period. India‘s economic growth and attractive returns from the country‘s capital markets are considered the main drivers of this growth in NRI remittance to the country. The country receives NRI remittance from across the world, including the Gulf countries, North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and East Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Muttahida Qaumi Movement in Sindhi-Muhajir Controversy in Pakistan
    ISSN: 2664-8148 (Online) Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/1.1.2 Vol. 1, No. 1, (January-June) 2017, 71-82 https://www.ideapublishers.org/lassij __________________________________________________________________ The Role of Muttahida Qaumi Movement in Sindhi-Muhajir Controversy in Pakistan Syed Mukarram Shah Gilani1*, Asif Salim1-2 and Noor Ullah Khan1-3 1. Department of Political Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar Pakistan. 2. Department of Political Science, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia USA. 3. Department of Civics-cum-History, FG College Nowshera Cantt., Pakistan. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Abstract The partition of Indian sub-continent in 1947 was a historic event surrounded by many controversies and issues. Some of those ended up with the passage of time while others were kept alive and orchestrated. Besides numerous problems for the newly born state of Pakistan, one such controversy was about the Muhajirs (immigrants) who were settled in Karachi. The paper analyses the factors that brought the relation between the native Sindhis and Muhajirs to such an impasse which resulted in the growth of conspiracy theories, division among Sindhis; subsequently to the demand of Muhajir Suba (Province); target killings, extortion; and eventually to military clean-up operation in Karachi. The paper also throws light on the twin simmering problems of native Sindhis and Muhajirs. Besides, the paper attempts to answer the question as to why the immigrants could not merge in the native Sindhis despite living together for so long and why the native Sindhis remained backward and deprived. Finally, the paper aims at bringing to limelight the role of Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM).
    [Show full text]
  • A Migrant's Journey for Better Opportunities: the Case of Pakistan
    Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized A Migrant’s Journey for Better Opportunities: The Case of Pakistan Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Contents Chapter 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 5 Chapter 2. Governance of Migration ............................................................................................................ 9 2.1 Legal and Policy Framework ............................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Institutional Framework.................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 3. The Pakistani Migrant’s Journey ............................................................................................... 18 3.1 Pre-decision ...................................................................................................................................... 18 3.2 Deployment....................................................................................................................................... 23 3.3 Pre-departure .................................................................................................................................... 29 3.4 In Service (Overseas Employment) ................................................................................................... 30 3.5 Return ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Section 3 - Policy and Migration in South Asia
    Section 3 - Policy and Migration in South Asia Information on Migration Policies The original hypotheses of the project were: Government policy, which aims to control migration flows, generally has the effect of making migration more hazardous for individual migrants. Policy-making is usually reactive, responding to changes and crises, rather than anticipating them. The focus of this research has been on emigration and immigration policy, the assumption being that it is this policy that most directly affects those involved in international migration. In all of the countries of South Asia there are, in fact, few restrictions on who can migrate. In most cases, however, it is difficult to find any clear statement of specific country policy on migration. One possible source of information on emigration policy is government institutions concerned with migration, such as the Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment and the Overseas Pakistani Foundation. In many cases these institutions provide general statements of intent rather than specifics. Far more useful are the various recent analyses of policy, such as Mahmood (1998) on Bangladesh, Nair (1998) on India, Seddon et al (2000) on Nepal, Addleton (1992) on Pakistan, and Gunatilleke (1998a) and Gamburd (2000) on Sri Lanka. Appleyard (1998) provides an overview of these analyses, which vary considerably in approach and in the level of detail provided. There are a large range of sources and analyses of immigration policy for receiving countries, which are often more clearly stated because of their importance. In this report I have chosen to look in some detail at examples for each of the main receiving regions for South Asian migrants.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Inequality and Class Consciousness in the Canadian Sikh Diaspora Harmeet S
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Scholarship@Western Western University Scholarship@Western MA Research Paper Sociology Department October 2016 Beyond the Land of Five Rivers: Social Inequality and Class Consciousness in the Canadian Sikh Diaspora Harmeet S. Sandhu [email protected], [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/sociology_masrp Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Sandhu, Harmeet S., "Beyond the Land of Five Rivers: Social Inequality and Class Consciousness in the Canadian Sikh Diaspora" (2016). MA Research Paper. 9. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/sociology_masrp/9 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology Department at Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in MA Research Paper by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. BEYOND THE LAND OF FIVE RIVERS: SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE CANADIAN SIKH DIASPORA by Harmeet Singh Sandhu A research paper accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Sociology The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada Supervisor: Dr. Anton Allahar 2016 ABSTRACT Romanticized visions of Khalistan became emotively embedded in the hearts and minds of Sikh-Canadians following the execution of Operation Blue Star. Today, insurgents residing within the contested homeland continue to draw support from Sikh immigrants and their Canadian-born descendants. Perplexingly, while a sizable proportion of second and third-generation Sikh youth advocate for the creation of the theocratic state of Khalistan, many selectively disregard the righteous way of life envisioned by the founders of the Khalsa Panth.
    [Show full text]