. ••••• ''^'•^-\ 6DIT0RIRL Amidst the speculation about the ^onlntS timing of the federal and Queensland elections, students may be unaware PLAYING PAPAL POLITICS 5 that one election date has been TIM LOW looks at the secretive activities of the National Civic Council firmly decided - the election of Amnesty International it a human rights office bearers for the next University REAGAN 7 organisation which campaigns for the release of Queensland Union council. KJAZ PERRY profiles the person who may become America's first cowboy president of political pritotters and for the abolition Between Monday 22 September and of torture and the death penalty. Friday 26 September students will PLANT BREEDERS' RIGHTS 9 This column details the circumstances of be expected to vote for a wide range Sinister legislation is threatening ttie world's seed supplies. one or two political prisoners 'adopted" by of office bearers to govern the union GORDON CLARIDGE reports Amnesty. Interested persons are invited to respond to the instructions given below. next year. IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST 11 Many students ignore the elections, An edited version of Ralph Nader's address at Queensland University Amnesty has heard that Mahmoud feeling they are irrelevant to most students. Abassov has been executed. According to And for Uiose who never eat in the re­ CAN'T STOP THE MYSTIC 15 reports, his family was informed of his fectory, join university clubs, partake in How psychic is "clair-audient" Doris Stokes? execution in July 1980. Activities workshops, attend joint efforts, PETER STEINH EUER reviews her Brisbane perfonnance Mr. Abassov was one of four men sen­ and have no interest in restructuring, this tenced to death by a Ukrainian court in June may be the case. But if you are reading BOLSHEVIKS IN BRISBANE 16 1978 for economic crimes. Two of the men, this editorial then the election will at least Historian ERIC FRIED documents the communist presence in Gabriel Spiashvili and Ella Mikhailishvili, affect you, because one of the' elected Brisbane's early history have had their sentences commuted to IS positions is the editorship of Semper. years unprisonment. The fate of the fourth The student newspaper has changed man, Raphael Adziashvili, is not know. dramatically over the years, and may Amnesty remains concerned that he may change dramatically again next year, SEMPER is B non-profit poli­ Gotch Pty Ltd.. Brisbane articles and gr^hics provided tical and cultural magazine ADVERTISING REP: Kevin Semper and the authors aro also be executed; his appeal for pardon was depending on who become the next rejected by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR editors. If you loved or hated Semper based at the University of Pennant, phone 371 2568 duly acknowledged. The ex­ Queensland. PRODUCTION ASSISTANCE ceptions are creative writing earlier this year. now is the chance to have some input into EDITOR: Tim Low Pat Comt)en, Tom Poole and copyrighted graphics Write to Mr. Brezhnev expressmg concern its future directions. All fulltime, part- NEWS EDITOR: Kjaz Perry Semper Magzina welcomes which may not tie reproduced time, and many external students are LAYOUT and COVER: Matt contributions and letters, but without written perminion of at reports that Mahmoud Abassov has been entitled to vote. Maws on does not assume any respon­ the authors. executed. Appeals on behalf of Pahpael SECRETARY: Anne Jones sibility for unsolicited manu­ Adziashvili; please urge Mr. Brezhnev to TYPESETTING: Marie Blanch scripts, photographs and Address ill enqulriai to: exercise his constitutional authority to *** PRINTERS: Mirror illustrations. Semper Magazine, Newspapers Ltd., 367 373 Semper is copyright, St. Lucia, University of Qld Union grant clemency and commute the death Brunswick St., Valley Queensland, 1980. Non-profit St. Lucia. Old. 4067. sentence passed on Mr. Adziashvili. In the last Semper, two pages were DISTRIBUTORS: Gordon and publications may reprint Ph: 371 1611 or 371 2568. If you write as an Amnesty member, devoted to the education policies of the please reiterate Amnesty's total opposition federal Labor opposition. In the next to the death penalty in all cases without issue we hope to present the future reservation on the grounds that it is a cruel, education policies of the federal govern­ inhuman and degrading punishment and a ment. Semper wrote to the Federal violation of the right to life as guaranteed Education Minister, Wal Fife, about a \£m^ by article 3 of the United Nations Universal month ago, inviting him to submit a policy E)eclaration of Human Rights. statement to Semper. He has not yet replied. many conservative REVELATIONS Apart from mild con­ USSR (SSSR) Christians have been caught tempt on my part for this Students interested in the education g, Moskva, Kreml policies of the Australian Democrats are by its pull in recent years. past-time, I am con­ I wish to make some But to look for the end cerned that such flashers Yego Prevoskhoditehtvu referred to the interview witli Don Chipp comments in reply to of the war although an Predsedatelyu Prezidiuma Verkhovnoga in Semper No. 1 (13 March 1980). Copies will eventually resort to John Jiggin's recent inviting and exciting hope is Soveia SSR of this issue can be collected free of charge more physical or violent article entitled Signs of only half the story. "The means of gaining satis­ Leonidu Ilyichu Brezhuevu from the Semper office. secularist of course will faction. the Lines. argue that eschatological Jiggins uses the words expectation is merely a "crazies", "magic'' and device to delude, but that is I would thus suggest "fantasies" in an attempt to to ignore the Christ of that any women confronted discredit Christian belief in history. The Resurrection by the Dutton Park flasher FIJIAN NITE should rightiy understood to either: the Second Coming and be a signal that the decisive 20 September, 7.30pm • 1am derides the notion of divine battie in the conflict with (a) write an anonymous cataclysmic retribution. end has been won. I agree It is true that the content letter of complaint to the !n the Mam Refectory at that the doctrine of the police, detailing times, des­ the University of Queensland of Revelation is violent but Second Coming affords no a God of 'Truth could not be excuse to ignore the cription etc, or more explicit concerning here-and-now and the (b) make a similar anony­ the ultimate end of those mous phone call to the $5 single non-spiritual aspects of the police. 'Floor shows who prosecute his people. human being. To not warn the wicked I stress 'anonymous' in 'Live band would be dishonest. both cases, as the onus 'Island supper -STEVEN WESTBROOK It is true that those who needs to be on the police MNMRVVIAM *DJ and Disco neglect the overall theme of to act. Should the flayer 'Door prizes Revelation and concentrate be apprehended, I would CAP! 'XXXX, etc. on symbolic interpretation FLASHING pity any woman who was create a great deal of required to give evidence in CHARCOAL GRILLS court against him: the ex­ trouble at times. It is On Tuesday 29th using marinated meat Contact Clubs andSociaties in tho Union Building certainly true tliat periences of women in­ University of Quaon^land particulariy in the July my wife - a volved in rape cases show kebabs. Reformation context the student at UQ - was clearly where magesterial Good VEGETARIAN results were sometimes dire. confronted and pursued prejudice lies. MEALS and HOME­ But the book of Revelation through Dutton Park en Perhaps enough -com­ MADE DESSERTS. is not end; rather misuse plaints, however, will catise of it is. Such things as Cohn route to the ferry bya some action by the police. mentions have been the "flasher" (yet another). -EX-STUDENT exception rather than the The gentleman in Highgate Hill OPENING HOURS rule and furthermore one question was young - must take into account Evenings: the fact that during the late about 25 - dark hair Mon • Sat 6-9.30 SCIENCE FACULTY Middle Ages the Bible was and wore a track suit to Fri. last orders 10.30 BALL withheld from all save the disguise himself as a Lunch: priests and millenarian jogger. 12-2 Mon-Fri. UNI CYCLE SHOP speculation assumed less The Science Faculty Ball violent forms as the I am infonmed that such will be held at the Greek All Quality Brands of Cycles Reformation spread its Community Centre on 26 liberating flame. This being people are a regular occun- at Competitive Prices ence in Dutton Park: it is September, Air Freight will said it must be admitted be playing supported by < 8iimwooi M that millenarian regarded as a bit of a "joke" • Parts • Repairs by the men that I laiow - Strings and Things. Tickets TOOWOM preoccupations increase are $15 each which includes evidently young female Phone: 370 2542 during times of economic food and table wine and Phone 3708106 distress and rapid social students are fair game for available from the Science The University, St Lucia. change and predictably the attentions of flashers. Faculty. The Fuhrer Principle What do politicians like Joh Bjelke-Petersen mean when they refer to "the people"? Philosopher and ALP federal election candidate DEANE WELLS* posed this question, and suggests some interesting answers. We often give ourselves away in a manner unexpected. Politicians, in particular, often reveal - quite un­ intentionally - that they are acting on a set of assumptions that they would really rather keep to them­ selves. In particular, when politicians talk about "the people" their remarks often tell us a good deal more about their authors than their authors intended.

Political ideas have a way of hanging together. Sometimes there is a key Uiat will enable us to decipher a politician's programme; often the key is what tiie^ politician or political writer says about "the people". All politicians of course talk about "tlie people". The question is, who are they talking about? Generally they mean one of tlirec things. Either they mean all the individuals within a particular political unit, or they mean a numerical majority of tliose individuals, or tiiey mean to refer to some other group whose identity does not depend on the mere counting of heads. reference to numerical majorities quite institutions. If we wish to change these we the Westminster system of democracy, Adolf Hitler was one political theorist unnecessary. should effect tlie changes on die basis of nicely expresses his concept of the "people who spoke of "the people" as if they were Hitler's notion of tlie people was arrived respect for tlie natural developments within of Queensland" as those people who more or a group whose identity did not depend on at by subtracting from the individuals the body politic. less agree, with him. (He has explained that the'counting of heads. Hitier believed thai around luni all the people he particularly Lateral tliinking radicals have often communists and socialists are not "genuine within the German speaking community in didn't like, and then propagandising the replied "This is all very well, but I think people"). It also articulates the Bjelke Europe tiiere was a group of people whose rest of them until they shared cnougli of the whole social edifice stinks. This is in Fuhrer principle, by which he sees himself as culture and aspirations were such tiiat they his paranoia to accept him as tlieir leader. fact the traditional anti-conservative ap­ articulatmg the unspoken will of "the constituted a separate political unit. Ex­ By silencing remaining critics, and making proach. Edmund Burke, the founder of people" of Queensland. the general paranoia objective, by setting cluded from this group were Jews, Gypsies, modem conservatism, has a reply. His reply Compare this witli Hitier's statement. socialists and communists. The remainder, up a situation in which, understandably, is tliat they are bound by Uieir member­ he believed, had a common will, whether other nations really were out to get die ship of a body known as "the people". Germans, it is not surprising that Hitier "Over and above parties, confessions tliey realised it or not. It is tlie existence of a "people" that legiti­ and classes we have set the German forged the undivided nation, whose will mates the state and its activities. Without Hitier believed that he was in touch he articulated. This was Hitler's dream people, and it is only as a people, not witli this common will. His words were its "the people", Uie state would have no as a group of individuals or parties, coming true - the historical proof Uiat a binding force. expression - an expression of the will of a paranoiacs enemies are his best friends. that it can survive. Above ail, we have worked out in Gernujny a single will. united, undivided, people. This is known A quite different account of "the people" A furdier view is the greatest happiness as the "Fuhrer Principle" - a principle of the greatest number theory - utilitarian­ he who represents this will should be is furnished by the important theory of respected in his will" which, its adherents believed, made conservatism. Conservatives believe that a ism. This is one of the many antiromantic society is like an organism. It has a natural views, and sees "the people" as just the sum Adolf Hitler, 1937 of the individuals in tlie community; growth of its own wliich should not be By contrast Malcolm Fraser does not interfered wiUi by politicians acting on the •Deane Wells lectures in philosophy at Queensland SOME APPLICATIONS really have a concept of "the people". We University. He is the author of 'The Deep North", basis of preconceived theories. Our rights hear a lot about dole bludgers, about the and is endorsed as the ALP candidate for the and liberties arc all inherited, as are our Joh Bjelke-Petersen falls neatly into the federal electorate of Petrie. first school of thought, the extreme virtues of private enterprise, and about self- romantic view. Like Hitler he claims his reliance. We see the curtailment of welfare mandate from "the people", but not a systems, tlie loss of $1000 million a year democratic majority. As he once said at a revenue through tax avoidance systems and Country Party conference, "We have to get family trusts and hundreds of millions in away from this talk of majority rule - it capital subsidies to industries, together NiKleor-free just doesn't add up." with no other economic planning. What we HELP RKPUE5IED are seeing is in fact the confused application Pociflc Forum Petersen has been at pains on a number of of a right wing anarchist philosophy to occasions to point out tiiat he, rather than Australian politics. A government honours student is the pariiament.which he luniself has gerry­ researching the following: for independence and peoce mandered, expresses the true will of the Fraser and Petersen are interestingly *Catholic action (prior to 1954) people of Queensland. opposities, in that one is a romantic Speakers include Pacific Island delegates from collectivist and the otiier is an anti-romantic Tahiti, New Hebrides, Palau, Papua-New individualist. Wliat Australia needs is some- *The Movement (prior to 1957) Guinea, Hawaii. Discussion topics include: "Only one body is supreme in Queens­ tiiing between these two extremes. A view Foreign military bases, weapons testing, land land - the people. Parliament, govern­ *The politics of Archbishop rights & the nuclear threat, nuclear power, tiiat recognises that the Australian people Australian foreign policy towards the region. ment and the executive are merely Mannix instruments of tlie people and ac­ is an aggregation of individuals, but an aggregation of individuals who have a Financial support is sought towards travel countable to them." *Santamaria and Australian fares of Pacific Islanders and general organising and the day before: responsibility for one another, and a re­ costs. sponsibility for the general welfare. politics "I'm running the parliament, not the interested people with inform­ Individual Sponsorship & Delegates Fee: $15 Speaker." *** (Sponsorship only $10); Unions/large or­ Joafmnes Bjelke-Petersen, 1978. ation, or who would like to further ganisations $50; Small organisations $25. their own knowledge, contact: That remark, which was made in the This article is edited from a lunchtime JOHN HERZOG, Registrations & enquiries: Nuclear-Free Pacific context of an assertion Uial Cabinet, not seminar sponsored by the Philosophy 3/54 Lade st, Forum, P.O. Box A243, Sydney South 2000, Ph: (02) 26 1701 or 267 5038 parliament, should make rules on a certain Department at the University of Queens- Enoggera, Q. 4081 money matter, and constitutes a rejection of land. Phone 9-5:394 7634 Sydney September 26-28 1980

SEMPER, 3 September 1980 .OV6RS6RS. FEEDING THE MILITARY World-wide starvation is increasing and govern­ ments are too obsessed with military power to care. These are the depressing conclusions to come from a high level American Commission on world hunger. TIM LOW reports.

"Last year tlie peof}le of the United contribute nothing to development, while Stales lost more money at the increasing the wealth of the superpowers. gambling tables of Nevada than we "In the developing worid as a whole have ill our development assistance there exists one soldier for every 250 people, but just one doctor for each 3,700. Many programs. We spend more money on developing nations also spend many times dog food than we do on the 600 as much foreign exchange on import arms million peoj)le in the world who are as lo purchase equipment to help meet undernourished." long-range development needs," John Gilligan Wlicn development does lake place in Former Administrator, developing countries, its benefits are often Agency for international Development. unevenly spread - the rich become richer March 26, 1979. and tlic poor starve to death. This is blamed on unequal access to education and other A United States Presidential Commission resources, and on feudal land ownership relationships the industrialised countries food crops in tropical and semi-tropical on world hunger has challenged the view systems. largely determine tlic price for the manu­ areas - where tiie majority of people live - thai America is a generous donor of aid to "Woridwide, more than 100 million factured goods the developing nations still remains seriously neglected." Third Worid countries. Tlie Commission's agricultural workers have liulc or no land import, and for most of the basic com­ (On the other hand public expenditure report, presented to President Carter in of their own. Unequal access to land, along modities tliey export - oil being the obvious on weapons research and development now May this year, shows tiiat U.S. overseas aid with water, credit, and other requirements exception... approaches S30 billion a year, more than is has shrunk to 0.27 per cent of Gross for successful farming, is one of the major "The decision-making power on inter­ spent on the problems of energy, education, National Product - one tenth of the pro­ causes of poverty and hunger throughout national economic issues still remains and food combined. Half a million scientists portion of aid given 25 years ago, the developing world." heavily weighted against the developing and engineers are employed on weapons Tliis compares with five per cent of The most successful campaigns against countries, which are penalised for having production). GNP now spent on defence, and puts hunger and poverty have involved abrupt begun tiie development process late in In conclusion, the Commissioners stress America behind 12 other Western nations and major political changes, says the the game, well after tlieir predecessors had that the major hunger problem today and in proportion of GNP given as aid. (Australia Commission. Tliese have occurred by revo­ established ground rules that do not favour in the future will be chronic undernutrition. gives 0.46 per cent GNP, the United Nations lution (the Soviet Union, China and Cuba newcomers." A continuously inadequate diet is the cause recommends 0.7 per cent). America is even are noted), or from less drastic refonns, The report makes many of many more deaths than the periodic less generous than these figures suggest, as as in South Korea and Taiwan. The fall of recommendations for eliminating worid famines which hit newspaper headlines, as in much of its aid is debt-bearing loans, com­ the previous Nicaraguan government to loft hunger. ForemcKt among these is that the Kampuchea last year. pared with the outright grants given by most wing guerillas is attributed to that govern- United States make the elimination of "A major crisis of global food supply - donors. ment'.s failure lo undertake reforms for the hunger its primary focus in relations with of even more serious dimensions than the The Commission sees tliis as a serious poor. the developing countries. It also argues for present energy crisis - appears likely within problem. Worid hunger and malnutrition The Commissioners clearly place the the creation of global food reserves, a worid­ the next 20 years, unless steps are taken are increasing, yet the American public onus for eliminating hunger on the develop­ wide code of minimum labour standards, now to facilitate a significant increase in is more concerned with domestic inflation ing countries. Yet they admit that successes and a reduction of tariffs against manu­ food production in the developing nations. and energy supplies, and overestimate the in the Third Worid will depend largely on factured goods from the Third Worid. Such a crisis would have grave implications extent of U.S. aid. the response of the industrialised nations. The Commission recommends more re­ for all nations, including the United States; "Since Worid War II, the industrialised "The success of [the Developing Nations] search on agriculture. "No more than 3 per but those nations with the largest numbers countries have been preoccupied with East- will be strongly conditioned by an inter­ cent of the worid's total expenditure on of hungry people would suffer the most." West tensions and sustaining domestic national economic order which they did not research is allocated to agriculture, and The Commissioners' words are gloomy economic growth. These primary concerns create, but which affects them in important 90 per cent of even Uiat tiny amount is and ominous. But with a simple-minded ex- have largely determined both the nature and ways. This international order reflects and devoted primarily to the needs of large cowboy star tipped as the next U.S. extent of die West's involvement with die is shaped primarily by the needs of tlie scale agriculture in the northern temperate (President, their warning is likely to fall on developing worid. With national security major industrialised nations. In trading zones. Research on the production of basic deaf ears. and anti-Communism as paramount con­ cerns, more money has always been avail­ able for military assistance, arms transfers and the training of military personnel than for educating teachers, scientists, economists, famicrs and health care special­ ists . . . The hard reality is that the over­ Kenya Bans Public Smoking whelming majority of the worid's hungry people live in countries which have been Kenya has banned all smoking in public places, in response to the World the number had mcreased by 30 per cent to of limited significance to worid grain Health Organisation's recently launched campaign on smoking and health. The 500. markets and to Western geopolitical con­ Kenyan initiative was launched by health minister Mr. Arthur Magugu, who Perhaps Uie greatest cause for concern is cerns," says that cigarette smoking in public places is a nuisance. that cigarettes sold in Kenya, as in other Where development aid is given, its main Third Worid countries, have a higher tar and purpose is often the economic benefit of the Many Kenyans wondered how the ban of the Nairobi Stock Exchange. nicotine content Uian those on sale in Uie donor country. Notes the Commission, "Too would be enforced. Their doubts were an­ The Kenyan tobacco industry, though West. One well-known brand, State Express frequentiy throughout Uic history of U.S. swered when Mr. Magugu ordered police to less extensive than in other eastern and 555, manufactured by British-American development assistance, foreign aid programs arrest and prosecute people who violated central African countries like Tanzania and Tobacco, has 72 per cent more tar than the have been consciously designed with the ban. Ministry of Health ofiicials hope Malawi, does have an effect on the environ­ version sold in Britain. Nicotine content is potential benefits to die U.S. economy at that the managements of public places ment, as well as on the economy. The use of 0.9mg per cigarette in Britain and 2.0mg least as much in mind as benefits to the covered by Uie ban will play a leading role firewood to cure tobacco has contributed in Kenya. recipient nations." in uiiplementing it. The ministry is preparing K32 million pounds (SUS83 million) in "Control of smoking," says WHO, "could to launch an aggressive campaign throu^ An example of this is U.S. aid which taxes to the Kenyan government in 1979, do more to improve health and prolong life the state-owned radio and TV, public developing nations arc obliged to spend on and it employs some 1,800 people directiy. than any other single action in die field of lectures and other media to educate people unports of American goods. Cheaper alter­ preventive medicine." But reducing cigarette about the dangers of smoking. natives may be available from local The social costs of smoking in Kenya consumption is not merely a matter of producers, or from nearby developing There is conflicting opinion on whether are reflected in the statistics for cigarette education. More le^slation and enforce­ countries. the ban will have an impact on sales of consumpUon and smoking-related diseases. ment may have to be, exercised if govern­ The Commission is also critical of the tobacco products. "The ban is hardly going Consumption rose by 53 percent, to 17,400 ments are to help people make the choice developing countries for the low priority to reduce cigarette sales in Kenya, because tonnes, between 1982 and 1977. Smoking- between smoking and health. often given to overcoming hunger. Too it affects Uie manner in which people may related diseases are also increasing. In 1975 smoke but does not forbid Uicm to smoke -CALESTOUS JUMA much is spent on imports of Russian and over 350 people died in Nairobi • of in private," said Mr. N. Kariuki, chairman respiratory and circulatory diseases. In 1977, (Environment Liaison Centre, Nairobi, American armaments - products which Kenya) PLAYING PAPAL POLITICS The National Civic Council in action

A secretive Catholic political movement, which has supporters throughout Australia and in South East Asia, is active at the University of Queensland. TIM LOW looks at the remarkable organisation In AD 1204 Pope Innocent the couraging a controversial and secret poHtical Third deposed the King of England. that has penetrated Australia's unions, universities, body. This act was a reflection of Christian­ The Vatican's decree was not the end for ity's immense power in the Middle political parties, media, and government depart­ "Santa's" band of activists. Cast adrift from Ages, in an era when the Church in ments. the Church, the Movement renamed itself Rome played a major role in political the National Civic CouncU and, with broad­ activity. It was a far cry from Jesus ened objectives, continues it's work to this Christ's dictum "Render unto day. Caesar..." the Australian Defence Organisation, the Catholics during the Spanish Civil War. He In Queensland, Uie National Civic Peace with Freedom Movement, the became convinced that communism was a Council operates from a small, two storey But that era has passed. The Roman Women's Action Alliance, the Professional fundamental Uireat to western society, and building at 965 Arm Street, Fortitude CaUioIic hierarchy is no longer willing to Busmessmen's Clubs, the Christian Demo­ particularly to the Roman Catholic Church. Valley. The dingy interior is like a small embroU itself in political affairs. The cratic Club, New Union, Students for a With tlie rise of communists in the printery - a photocopier and small printing separation of church and state is inevoc- Democratic AUS, the Moderate Student Australian trade union movement, Santa­ press are ready for use, and stacks of NCC able. Or so it seems, AUiance, and several major trade unions. maria and many fellow CaUioUcs thought publications clutter the office recesses, hi AD 1979, die University of Queens­ NCC Queensland president Brian Mullins they saw the signs of an imminent com­ Anti-AUS secession propaganda was land Union voted to secede from the estimates there are at least 12 such groups munist revolution in their own backyard. printed here last year, as were policy state­ Australian Union of Students. This event, operating m Australia. They feared communist unionists would ments by several student politicians. It is seemin^y unrelated to the Catholic Church, The Christian Democratic Club is one par^yse Australia with widespread strikes, from tills buildmg Uiat many conservative was in fact initiated by a secretive Catholic such organisation. It operates in Brisbane's then seize power in the ensuing chaos. student campaigns have originated. organisation. It is an example of the wide­ tertiary institutions, and particularly at Santamaria saw the need for organised State president of die NCC, Brian spread power still exercised by Catholic Queensland University. The club's president opposition to this supposed threat, and MuUins, says he knows littie about these organisations in the political arena. Angle Home, says she has much autonomy formed a secret CaUiolic political body to student campaigns. He says tiie 'moderate' The secession at Queensland University from Uie NCC. Yet she is on Uie NCC pay­ counter communist influence in the students are encouraged to organise their came about as a result of a student referen­ roll, has an office at NCC headquarters, unions. This organisation, known as "The own campaigns, without NCC control or dum. Students voted convincingly to leave and agrees that the club's first aim is Uie Movement" put up candidates for union domination. He says the NCC's role is only the national organisation. But what few of same as that of the NCC. elections, and used the Church to mobilise "to train, support, and encourage people to the voters realised was that Uie entire anti- Democratic Club members claim they CaUiolic support. ApaUietic Cathohc be active". AUS campaign was engineered by a fuU-thne are simply promoting Christian values on workers were urged by their local priest "Moderate" students were certainly political organiser on the payroll of tiie campus, and deny that Uie club is intrin­ to vote for a certain union candidate, and "active" last year. With free access to the Melbourne-based National Civic Council. sically CaUiolic in orientation. But their to avoid the other 'red' candidates. NCC's printing facilities, Uiey led the The National Civic Council is the em­ political beliefs inevitably reflect the ideas For 12 years the CaUiolic Church in successful secession campaign and a less bodiment of conservative Catholic politics of Uie remarkable Catholic philosopher Australia gave its financial and moral successful campaign for Queensland Uni ui Australia. A mysterious, close-knit or­ and president of Uie National Civic Council, support to this organisation. During that council positions. Most of Uie credit for ganisation, it operates through an unknown Bob A. Santamaria. time Movement supporters infiltrated their secession success is due to the sus­ number of poHtical organisers strategically Santamaria, aged 65, is well known to unions, universities and poHtical parties, tained efforts of one person - former placed in unions and universities throughout Australians as a poHtical commentator, leading to Uie split in Uie ALP and its loss president of the Christian Democratic Australia. expressmg his views in a regular column ui of power in the Federal arena, in Victoria, Club, John Herzog. An "Austrahan" newspaper article of 16 the "Australian", and in his weekly tele­ and in Queensland. Its activities broadened Herzog, aged 39, has a history of February 1979 reported 60 fuU-time NCC vision broadcast, "Point of View". from the attack on communism to a fight involvement in the NCC spanning the last staff, and financial support from 20,000 A handsome and charismatic figure, against socialism, centralism, liberalism, and decade. An astute politicsJ organiser, and sympaUiisers on an annual bank order Santamaria is Uie NCC's guiding light. His permissiveness. a consistenUy hard worker, Herzog was system. In fact the exact size and extent of prodigjous writings on such topics as In 1959 the Movement's deaUi knell until rccenUy the pride of the NCC in NCC activity is impossible to determine. Christian activism, defence, and unionism was sounded. The Vatican issued a decree Queensland. His student activities were Its activity in many semi-autonomous front are avidly read by many conservative that the Movement be disbanded. It seemed noted in two "Bulletin" articles, and earned him the praise of Santamaria during a speech organisations blurs the distuiction between CaUiolics. A knowledge of Santamaria's the Catholic Church in Australia had been at a Brisbane function a couple of years ago. members, financial backers, and ignorant political beliefs is essential to an under­ out of touch wiUi Rome's disdain for supporters. standing of NCC philosophy. poHtical activity. The Vatican had given up But now all that has changed. In January Organisations described as fronts for Uie As a youth, Santamaria was shocked at playing politics centuries ago, yet Australian this year, Herzog quit his job as an NCC field NCC mclude Uie Democratic Labour Party, reports of communist persecution of Church leaders were self-righteously en­ officer, forfeiting a salary of ahnost $11,000 (continued next page)

Former NCC officer John Herzog - now a critic 'of NCC activity State NCC President Brian Mullins National President of the NCC, Bob Santamaria SEMPER, 3 September 1980 ,? '/iki-

(•from previous pagel through spuUiem Democratic Qubs, In fact the National Civic Council has a State President MuUins seems to have had Home told me she is equally responsible sophisticated worid view, expounded m littie to do wiUi the electioneering at Queensland University. Evidence suggests he per annum. After discussion and debate to two bosses, state NCC president Brian Santamaria's writings, and in secret study was more involved m student activity a few wiUi NCC leaders in Brisbane, Sydney, and Mullins and "National Universities Officer" papers. Members attend seminars and ponder years ago. One CaUidic youth recalls an Melbourne, including Santamaria, Herzog Peter Westmore. Her reference to Westmore such diverse topics as secular humanism, encounter wiUi MuUins during Uie Vietnam finally resigned from the movement in June. was evidenUy a gaffe; Mullins had denied the structure of the ACTU, and Uie political protest days. The youth's mvolvement in He has also abandoned his law course repeatedly Uiat Westmore had any official consequences of military imbalances in' anti-war demonstrations distressed his at the University of Queensland which he capacity in the NCC university campaign. NATO. Details of NCC philosophy are discussed in Uie box (page 8). father, who arranged a meeting wiUi MuUins. says was Uic first stage of a 15 year NCC Apart from this inconsistency, Mullins MuUins lectured the youth about Australian plan to have him appointed as an Arbitration and Home tried to be open when NCC philosophy surfaced during last history and argued tJie need to support the Commission Judge. questioned, denying claims that their or­ year's Queensland University council ganisation is secretive. "We are forced to elections. Moderate Student Alliance war for reHgious reasons, "because others members Paul Kelly and Paul Byme wouldn't treat the sacraments property." Herzog has now dedicated his life to be secretive because the media chooses to promised that if elected editors of "Semper" Mullins concluded his mixture of reUgion exposing the activities of his former em­ ignore us," Mullins asserted. He reluctanUy and poHtics by handing Uie youth a leaflet ployers. By speaking with journalists and on Vietcong atrocities. This CaUioHc is now ALP officials, he hopes to alert Australians an ardent critic of the NCC. to what he sees as a powerful and divisive force. Many CaUiolics share this youUi's dis­ Herzog left the movement for several taste for the National Civic Council. For reasons. He says he is angry at the NCC's besides its dubious outside activities, Uie continued secrecy, and is at odds witii its Council maintains a vigilance wiUiin Uie support for conservative political parties. CaUiolic Church, haranguing clergy and And importantly, he feels that affairs of Catiiolic students who adopt 'libertarian' church and state should be kept separate. attitudes. Over Uie years the NCC has made A devout Christian, he is unconvinced by as many enemies in the church as in Uie NCC arguments tiiat it is a non-relicious socialist left. organisation. "It is the civic arm of Uie How Uien does Uie NCC attract CaUiolic Church in action". foUowers? According to Herzog, Catholic students are enticed into Uie movement as they leave high school, and just prior to A.U.S. entering tertiary institutions. SympaUietic Herzog was central to the NCC's CaUioUc parents supply Uie names of Uieir attempt to wrest control of the Australian chUdren; these young men and women are Union of Students from tiie left wing. A then invited to an NCC dinner early in Uie field officer was employed by the NCC year. In the past some Catholic school in each of Uie eastern states to work for the principals provided Uie NCC with names of election of conservative AUS delegates. By promising pupils; Herzog says this no longer Uiis means Uie NCC hoped to install a happens. leadership Uiat would "keep AUS quiet" At the dinner, a speaker explains the NCC and make it more accountable to students. worid view, and interested listeners are Herzog was Uie NCC field officer for invited to a camp to leara more about Queensland. He says that in many respects NCC activities. The camp, called the Annual he led the anti-AUS campaign, although Conference of the Christian Democrats, officially it was under the control of Peter is held at Uie Assembly of God training Westmore. {Westmore is a graduate of the ABOVE: An AUS Council meeting from happier days before the secession campaign. camp at West Burieigh. It is an intensive University of Sydney; he edits the NCC course in NCC philosophy and activity. magazine "News Weekly"). BELOW: From an anonymous news-sheet labelled "CONFIDENTIAL - TO METROPOLITAN Apart from Uie camp, students are After Uie special council meetings of MEMBERS: FOR YOUR EYES ONLY" and dated 3rd October, 1979. Brian Mullins expresses his delight at the near collapse of AUS. Other topics discussed on the news-sheet include the abortion invited into the movement through social AUS held in the middle of last year, Herzog issue and the Federated Clerks Union election. felt the NCC campaign chould not succeed. contact wiUi members. According to Herzog, He persuaded Westmore that the best Uie Pro-life Club at Queensland University solution was to cripple AUS wiUi a campaign is used to solicit members. He says NCC p of a BEraasjitiiiM SPCCESS of secessions and he followed this course strategy is to persuade students to devote by campaigning full-time for Uie secession Tbo Bodarata octivleta on tho 0 of Q canpus won « great rtctory laot mek «h«n 54J< .Iheir life's career to the movement. Pro- of ttiB roforBnd\iB Tote favoured oecoaslon iron A.U.S. ?our (tJ of Q, TowiBYllle ttelTtr- 'NCC parents guide their chUdren uito pro­ of Queensland University. Herzog says he •Itjj Ifth. Brlebftne C.A.B. and Catton CoUogo) of tha original affiliated canpcmen in also made an unsuccessful bid to buy AUS Wdhaye no* »ithdraTO, leaving only Griffith Dhivorsity, Totmovlllo C.A.S., ft Kalrla fessions Uiat wiU later be useful to the travel on behalf of Uie NCC. A price of Orore C.A.B. otill in A.U.S. Our nodorato friende desorve our con«ratulAtlon« for A.1I.S,. movement, such as law. University politics 1« no» on tho brink of coUapso. ^^^ ^^^^ $50,000 had been arranged, but Uie sale is just a training ground, Herzog clauns, fell Uirough when AUS doubled its price leading to tiie real worid of union activity. at Uie last minute. He says 200 pro-NCC graduates have been Herzog says he would now like to see oJlered Uie estimate of 4-6,000 NCC magazine they would discuss the issues of placed in industrial positions tiiroughout Queensland Uni. back in AUS. Like many activists in Australia, and allowed me to liberalism, corporatism and decentralism. Australia. students he fears cutbacks in education examine Uie movement's constitution. These are key NCC concepts, and reflect The National Civic Council's strategies and Uie reintroduction of conscription, the NCC's backing of the Moderate Student suggest it should be very powerful in the and feels a strong AUS is the best way to SECRECY Alliance through the Christian Democratic mdustrial sphere. But one prominent ex- fight such possibilities. However the signs of secrecy are still Club. Tlie MSA leaflets for the campaign, member I spoke to disagreed. "TTiey don't Herzog's replacement as NCC student there. The Queensland office is an entirely like the anti AUS leaflets, were printed at fight communists anymore, they spend aU activist is GriffiUi University student Angje anonymous building; from Uie outside it NCC headquarters. their effort maintaining Uieir position," He Home. A young and seemingly innocent arts almost looks abandoned. The movement's John Herzog speculates that if KeUy and believes that because NCC unionists do HtUe student. Home is idealistic about Uie aims national magazine "News Weekly" rarely Byme had won the editorship, "Semper" for their members, they have to fight to stay of Uie Christian Democratic Club. It exists mentions Uie NCC; most of Uie opinionated would now be parUy written by" "News in control. By contrast communist unionists to make the country better, she says, to articles are anonymous. "News Weekly's Weekly" staff. NCC stalwart Pat Byme have their worker's support, and any deals promote the family, justice, peace and official poHcy is expressed in the editorials agrees Uiis was a possibility, but says it is Uiey make with employers can be reUed freedom, and to ensure that the university and in Point of View" proclaims each issue, more Hkely Uiat occasional "News Weekly" upon. For this reason, employers are said remains a centre for truUi, honesty, and without ever explaining who or what the articles would have been reprinted in Uie to prefer dealing with communist unionists. enquiry. magazine represents. And Mullins admits paper. He says articles by Santamaria would POLITICAL INFLUENCE probably have been used. Uiat NCC operatives in the unions are Whatever Uie case in the mdustrial sphere, Tlie election campaign at the university Angle Home is unsure if she is a member secretive. "They have to play their cards Uie NCC undoubtedly has influence amongst also illustrates tiie flexibility of NCC of Uie NCC. "I don't really know ... I close to their chests". poHticians. Apart from the now-defunct operation. Included ui the MSA election suppose I'm a member." Her uncertainty is One consequence of this secrecy is that Democratic Labor Party, several state par­ team was a nonChristian, and member a striking example of Uie NCC's secrecy the NCC is pooriy understood boUi by its liamentarians are known NCC sympathisers. of the ALP, John Drew. Drew would never over membership; even an employee is supporters and opponents. Some financial And NCC president MuUins. a former private qualify for NCC membership, nor would he unsure if she meets membership criteria. backers still see it simply as an anti- secretary to Vince Gair, admits he has in­ wish to apply; biit because he shared some According to Home, Uie CDC is communist force, lltUe realising the ir­ fluence wiUi Premier Joh BjeUce-Petersen. of the movement's aims, he was supported presenUy active on five Queensland relevance of communism in many of the He cites the recent example of the Essential during Uie'campaign. In a similar sense many campuses - GriffiUi University, Kelvin NCC's spheres of activity. Services Legislation, which the NCC thought NCC supporters are atheists, agnostics, Grove College of Advanced Education, In many ways Uie NCC encourages this was too harsh. MuUins proudly relates how and pfotestants. AU work with the or­ Queensland University, James Cook Univer­ simplistic view. An atheist who once sup­ he asked Joh to "tone it dovm" and had ganisation because they share some of its sity and the Queensland Institute of Tech­ ported Uie movement told me it was single- ahnost penuaded him to do so, when power amis - a fear of communism, an opposition nology. From Uiese campuses supporters mindedly anti-communist in its dealings strikes created an electoral,backlash and Uie to abortion, a desire for poHtical power, or tun for election in union councils, using with him. He suggested that companies leg^lation was swept through. whatever. These supporters allow the NCC names such as "New Union" and "The which donated to Uie NCC would have no TTie movement's politick influence is not Moderate Student Alliance", The same interest in any broader CaUiolic objectives; to claim it is non-denominational, and throw a smokescreen over its Roman CathoUc as great now as it was during the SO's and names have been used on NSW and Victorian they would demand their money be spent' 60's, when Uie ALP was kept out of power campuses by NCC supporters operating fighting communist militancy in the unions. base. (continued on page 8) The last 20 years have been entertainers have lent their names, faces, difficult for American politics. Ever reputations and money to the Republican since the assassination of John F. cause. One bemused American expatriate Kennedy disillusionment and political said that US politics was becoimng a battle mismanagement have marred.all levels to see who would attract more stars to of government, and particularly the charity dinners. Americans being as they Presidency. It seems that no President are, it is unwise to underestimate this. The pull of the Hollywood greats is large, and in the last twenty years has escaped the knowledge that, say, Linda Ronstadt some degree of scandal, is a "close" friend of Governor Jerry Brown can mean big votes. Tlie same expatriate Jimmy Carter, the first Democrat since observed that American politics has alvrays Kennedy and the first Southerner since been full of showbiz; it seemed inevitable Jolinson stormed into Uie Oval Office with that showbiz would go into politics. a wide smUe, an open Bible and the hopes of Middle America resting on liis shoulders. Reagan's politics are essentiaUy un­ They hoj)ed he would bring a new morality complicated. As Foreign Affairs observer to the office which had littie credibility Alan Renouf observed, Americans Uke left after Watergate. simple solutions to cr mplcx problems. He Sadly, Carter's new broom swept in new doesn't like communism, particulariy Soviet scandals concerning government members, communism or any American policy or and even the President's famUy. With the person wiUing to have any truck with them. "BUlygate" scandal still fre^ in their mind He is opposed to nuclear disarmament, he it seems Americans have had enough of objects to big government, sexual promis­ Carter. The last popularity poHs show that cuity, aUieisra, and the Equal W^ts Carter has the confidence of only 33 per Amendment for women. He believes women cent of the electorate. should go back to the kitchen and the Middle America has found a new saviour nursery. in HoUywood veteran Ronald Reagan, live As he pointed out in the recent report in 69 year old ex-gunsHnger is poUing a 61 The Weekend Australian, he has a lot of per cent popularity vote - almost double sympathy for the problems of American oU Carter's. However, Reagan is doing almost companies, but not American oil consumers. the same thing? Carter was doing five years However, he docs support the MacDonalds ago. He smiles, talks religion, and humbly food chain because it is doing low income offers himself as the honest alternative to Americans a favour by supplying "clean" the shady encumbent. food at low cost. Reagan also thinks the Reagan's rise came at an opportune best contraceptive is the word "no". He is time for him when American's confidence opposed to Uie Federal Department of in their own position in the worid is severely Education, because it means centralising shaken. Many Americans, feel that inter­ education. He blames this trend on US national criticism of their foreign policy schools for fostering the Anti-Vietnam is unfair and ungrateful. feeling, and forcing students to refuse to rally to amis against the communists. After Vietnam, Congress was unwilling Basically, he feels Uiat the Soviet Union to commit much money to military policies. is behind aU the unrest in America, and However, since Afglianistan and the Iranian if tiiat were ended America would be in crisis, attitudes have noticeably toughened. fine shape. All these views were expressed Carter was stiU pursuing a "Dove" policy in a number of radio "spots" he did while long after Middle Americans were willing California Governor - just to keep his to fight for their position. When Carter did electorate in touch with Ids political views. adopt 3 "Hawk" stand it was too late to save his position, and its dismal failure Reagan believes that opposition to his embarrassed voters furUier. opinions, and opposition to nuclear weapons Meanwhile the Reagan Camp has been A recent Gallup Poll shows that only 14 per cent of Australians want Ronald is clearly un-American. This platform is quietly standing by, allowing Carter to Reagan to become the next U.S. President. Yet in America he is immensely working because of the highly emotional make all the mistakes. Reagan's own advisors popular. KJAZ PERRY profiles the person who may become America's first nature of the electorate - with a Resident have kept him from making too many public cowboy President. StiU smarting under' the Olympics, statements or speeches, outside Uie Afghanistan and the Iranian Crisis. TTiese protective environment of^ country clubs, Americans are seeking the idealised worid or reHgious revival meetings. As Henry where the family is king and the Soviets are kept in Uieir place. Fairiey of the "Spectator" pointed out, speak publicly of America's role as a well- Uie votes, suckers!" Reagan is not a good public speaker. He amied world peace keeper. They promise to All of his speeches are scripted for him But what will happen to aU Uic other makes stupid and inexcusable mistakes make the Communist world tremble, and and he does not ad-lib. (He tried Uiat and issues involved in the day to day running Uke confusing Egypt wiUi Israel and re­ intend to recognise Taiwan as opposed lo failed). He has two stock jokes, wliich he of government? Social security, race peatedly referring to Senator Kennedy as Communist Cluna. They are promising a tells often. Pundits have dismissed him as a relations, conservation, inflation, un­ "Senator Massachussetts" - not satirically, retum to American respect and self-respect hack actor - given his fines and told lo employment, housing, industrial relations, but sunply because he is incapable of re­ - and still contend Uiat the U.S. was right get them right by morning. and all the rest — if he is elected president? membering the man's name, to go into Vietnam, and Uiat voters should If he gets in he could be hi for a hard time. American political pundits are uncertain honour the war dead as heroes. Reagan describes himself as a weU-in- With few cleariy defined policies on any whether Reagan's policies are his own or tentioned riglit-winger who loves liis family of Uiese areas, many people fear these tluiigs In fact it is this emphasis on Uie military and trusts his astrologer as much as his his advisors'. He belongs to an intimate and wluch seems to be Uie Republican's greatest will be dealt with in a piecemeal fashion as rich eUte of elderiy Califomian businessmen advisors. His political line is often similar problems arise. Because of Reagan's oppo­ strength and greatest weakness. To many to Malcolm Fraser's, particularly when who are backing liis campaign with hard Americans it spells the retum of tiic Golden sition to big government, severe cutbacks cash, in return for protection of their referring to Uic Soviets. He is also quoted must be expected. Age of American worid supremacy. To the as saying Uiat if he is President, he will not political interests, and acceptance of their post-Vietnam generation it spells a Anti-Republicans also fear that Rea^n guiding hand in poHcy makuig. It is Uiis tolerate "disobedience" from his allies, on will be a puppet president - carefully dangerous retum to American imperialism. issues he considers of worid importance. eHte, combined with people like the Chair­ It is possible that Reagan's film star status scripted and versed by his powerful political man of Uie Union Oil Company who con- That means Uiat in future, the Australian backers. It is feared that the interests of the is as much an attraction as his policies. people niiglit not have a say on sending \dnced Reagan to run for Governor of Americans have often accepted Uie Holly­ American voters wiU be subordinated to CaUfomia in 1966, and who financed his wood version of reality in preference to athletes to Uic Olympics - if Reagan said the interests of American corporations. entry into bigtime poUtics. real Hfe. The glamour and patriotic film no, Uien Uiat would be it - any refusal to Some anti-nucle'ar groups have already worid helped the nation through wars and go along with the USA would be construed expressed the fear Uiat in Reagan, America Other than his personal gaffes the Reagan has at last found the President who wiU camp has made few mistakes, and his depressions as a much needed diversion, as an unfriendly act, and de^t wiUi. and as morale buUding propaganda. Reagan One major worry about Reagan is his push the button and make our Dr, honeymoon with the press has covered any Strangclovc fantasies come true. that occur. Many journalists and staunch is very much a part of that era - and his casualness. He has told the press on many RepubUcans questioned the wisdom of name and face arc widely recognised by occasions that it is okay to changes his However, at this stage voters don't seem asking ex-Picsident Gerald Ford to be the voting public because of this. quotes if Uieir version "sounds better", to have noticed. They see Reagan as the RepubUcan runiung mate — after all, he His old movies arc again being shown on or if Uiey "think" he meant someUiing- strong, god-fearing President the country was Nixon's choice, and was later voted television - until recenUy in late night different. One wonders whether he will needs. They hope at last to end Uieir out of office by the people. However, the timespots; now prime time. His official cry mis-quote in future. political Odyssey in search of Uic *1ioncst move didn't come off, and the Rea^n campaign posters are being augmented by Reagan belongs to the conservative man". WIio knows, perhaps Uiey've found machme got big publicity mileage out of sales of his old film posters - including a Hollywood mafia who count among Uieir him. In any case, batUc fines are drawn the drama at the Convention. popular shot of cowboy Reagan wiUi his number Jimmy Stewart, Efrani Zimbalist and Reagan wiU be in there like the old days - guns a shootin' and trails a blazin*. To the voting public Reagan and Bush head in a noose, about to be hung; and Jnr., William Holden, and the arch- anoUier featuring "Wild West Reagan", both conservative himself - the late John Wayne. The cowboy may have found his ultimate seem a good team. They are political showdown. a "Fhiwks" - pro-mUitary buUdup. Tncy guns drawn, with Uie caption "Thanks for Tljey, along with many other weUknown

SEMPER, 3 September 1980 Herzog is not so sure. He fears that the (From page 6) WHAT THE NCC BELIEVES NCC's ultimate aim is the CathoUcization of aU SouUi East Asia - the creation of a by DLP preferences. The Catholic jour­ The National Civic Council finds Christian {ustification for its activities in the writings of recent huge Roman Catholic community in the nalist Paul Ormonde in "The Movement" popes. SouUi Pacific, starting in Australia, He (1972), documents how in 1963 an NCC Since the late 19th century, several popes have issued statements (encyclicals) dealing with a wide range of social and political issues - socialism, the rota of women, unions, nationalism, etc. fears that the movement is obsessed with officiijJ handed out draft anti-ALP letters Although the NCC never cites these documents, nor even admits to a Catholic origin, its raison papal encycHcals dealing wiUi worid unity to Catholic women in Melboume. The d'etre can be clearly traced to a selective interpretation of papal teachings. under Roman CaUioHc dominion. women were expected lo copy out the draft Central to NCC belief is an intense antipathy towards centralism. Centralised bureaucracy, Another ex-NCC operative I spoke with letters and send Uiem to friends in marginal big business, and big government are all seen as immoral. Santamaria was evidently inspired by Pope Pius XI - "It is an injustice, a grave evil and a disturbance of right order for a higher had not heard these allegations. But he electorates just prior to the 1963 election. association to arrogate to itself functions which can be performed efficiently by smaller and agreed the NCC was part of an Asian in­ Tlie letters began "Dear Fred and Millie, lower societies", (Quadragesimo Anno 1931), The NCC's hatred of communism stems in part telligence network, and said it once had Fancy hearing from me after all this time from tha centralism inherent in that system. By striving for a rural decentralist society, the NCC close ties with the Thieu government of . . ." and went on lo criticise ALP defence hopes to minimise the risk of a communist takeover. South Vietnam. policy and recommend a DLP vote. The NCC strongly supports the family which it sees as tho 'basic decentralist unit'. To promote family unity the NCC supports the introduction of allowances for housewives, and Wliat artf Santamaria and his band of But perhaps Uie most unusual aspect of strenuously campaigns against abortion. activists up to? No-one seems to know for NCC politics is its activity in South East The decentralist principle also pervades the NCC's mode of operation. The many small front sure. Does Santamaria's movement have a Asian nations. Says the NCC constitution: organisations, each with different membership and objectives, all contributing to the NCC's aims valid role in Australian political activity, "(The NCC's) secondary purpose is to while retaining some independence. The activity of NCC organisers in the union arena can be justified by Rerum Novarum (1891). or, as Paul Ormonde suggests, was he born co-opcralc with like bodies in other South- In this document Pope Leo XIH encouraged Catholic workers to form Catholic associations, so several hundred years too late? "Like every Easl Asian countrici:, to work for their they would not coma under control of union leaders with anti-Catholic views, otlicr Catholic schoolboy, [Santamaria] similar survival as independent nations, Papal encyclicals underlie other NCC policies, such as the formation of trade associations of had learned of the glories of the Battle of and, with tiicm, to guarantee llic freedom employers and employees, the right of nations to seek self-determination, and the NCC critique of communism and liberalism. Lcpanto, and how tlie Pope's fleets, sus­ and independence of tiic entire Soutii-East The encyclicals are however, only the starting point for the Council's philosophy. Santamaria tained by Uie rosaries of tiie Christian worid, Asian region." has developed an elaborate world scenario, perceiving the Western dilemma as a battle between defeated the Turkish threat to Western In effect, the NCC wants lo sec the conflicting philosophies for mastery over man's mind. He sees the Christian ethos locked in mortal battle with libertarianism and totalitarianism, and sees theNCC as a small creative minority fighting Christendom. It was Mr. Santamaria's creation of a Pacific community - an to preserve the Christian ethic. misfortune to be born into an age when association of non-communist Asian states By totalitarianism, Santamaria mostly means communism. He trivialises oppression by Catholic Uie papacy not only had no fleets, but had equivalent in status to the European dictators in South America, while exaggerating the horrors of Marxism in Europe and Asia. An abandoned its claims to temporal power." Economic Community. To pursue this inordinate fear of communism seems fundamental to Santamaria's personality. During the 40's and BO'S he feared internal communist revolution; in the 60's a Chinese invasion (even suggested objective tiie NCC has set up an military cooperation with the Soviets); now Russia poses the threat. SUGGESTED READING international organisation, the Pacific These fears lead to yet another NCC policy — a strong and self-sufficient defence system, in Institute. Not surprisingly Santamaria is co-operation with the United States and ASEAN nations. An Australian Manifesto, A statement of its president, and has been for the last 12 Most Catholics have little sympathy for the NCC view of politics and theology. Many see their Principles by the National Civic Council. beliefs as archaic and paranoid. The papal encyclicals used to justify NCC activity can equally be years. More surprising is Mullins' revelation quoted to support socialism — a mortal enemy of the Movement. JQ4098, N27A2 (Fryer Ubrary). that the institute's membership of 15-25 Paul Ormonde, The Movement, Nelson, includes "fairiy top level people" in Uie 1972. governments of SouUi East Asian nations. says this means Australian troops would be Adrian McGregor, Hidden Power: He claims Uie institute represents nine According to Mullins it has achieved littie, sent to defend Thailand if h was attacked by mainly because the Australian govern­ Queensland's Catholic Establislunent, The nations, and runs an inteUigence network in communists. But this would be unlikely National Times, May 18-24,1980. the area. ment is against the idea. He says tiie NCC as a community of 250 Asians would be a made representation to various federal Bartholomew Augustine Santamaria, The Mullins says tiie role of tiic community formidable deterrent to communist attack. ministers, but without success. Price of Freedom, Hawthorne Press, 1966. would be economic co-operation, but would He says Ihe NCC also wants Australia to Mullins insists tiie Pacific Community DU177.S34. include defence. "If you're going to set up become an exporter of mUitary hardware would never be used for offensive pur­ Malcolm Tumbull, The Vicious Worid of a garden of Eden you've got to set up a to our Asian Allies. poses - it would never try lo 'Hberate' Student Politics, The BuUetin, February 7, fence to keep undesirables put." Mullins How successful is the Pacific Institute? Indochina. Ex-NCC organiser John 1978.

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8 Plant Breeders Rights Big Business threatens worlds seed resources Multinationals are quietly taking control of the world's agricultural resources with an invidious piece of legislation called "Plant Breeders Rights". An Agricultural Council meeting in Brisbane last month discussed the legislation, which is to be introduced to Federal Parliament next year. GORDON CLARIDGE warns of the frightening prospect of a few giant corporations owning the world's seed supplies.

Who are the world's largest seed varieties to which they held monopoly producers? If you said "Yates" then rights. you go to the bottom of the class - they probably wouldn't get into the SEED REGISTRATION top twenty. The answer, believe it According to the NSW Department of or not, is Royal Dutch/Shell. That's Agriculture, in order to be considered for right, the petrol company - actually registration under the proposed Australian PBR legislation a variety would have to be: the petrol, chemical, pesticide, etc. etc. etc. company that raiiics in the 1. distinct - able to be distinguished top five in the Fortime International from all existing varieties; list of companies. 2. uniform - not showing excessive variation between individuals. Wiiy should giant corporations lilce Shell 3. Stable - reproducing truly between (whicii has recently increased its interest generations. in Yates), Union Carbide, ITT, and This unifonnity and stability (that is, already happened. It's called the Green The small companies are not unwilling Ciba-Geigy take a great interest in pro­ lack of genetic diversity) of PBR varieties Revolution, and all over the Third Worid partners in tliese takeovers either. Follow- small farmers are going into debt to buy tlic ducing seeds? Anyone can produce seeds. worries many people. The major food in die introduction of tlie Plant Variety crops of the worid already rest on a very fertilizers and pesticides that will make the Protection Act in tl\c USA in 1970, half Surely fanners just keep back part of their new strains of cereal produce bumper crops. grain for next year, or let a few of their narrow genetic base, partly as a result of tlie annual meeting of the American Seed Without these expensive inputs tlic new Trade Association was taken up by a sym- lettuces go to seed, just as farmers have the introduction of PBR in other countries. strains often produce no more than the always done. How can producing and For example in 1970 half of the corn posum called "How To Sell Your Seed traditional varieties, and frequently much Company". Obviously if a small com­ selling seed become a profitable harvest in tlic southern states of the USA less. multinational business? was wiped out by biiglit Ijecausc, despite pany . breeds and patents an agri-business ,y oriented variety it is in a better position The answer is PBR - Plant Breeders' a wide range of brand name varieties, (approximately 160) virtually all of it was If there's no connection between new to negotiate take-over terms, so there is Riglits, also known as PVR (Plant Variety no guarantee that small finns will be farmer- Riglits), or PVP (Plant Variety Protection), based on the same genetic material wliich varieties and sales of agricultural chemicals, was blight-susceptible. why did Hoechst persuade tiie Indonesian oriented. Tliose in favour of PBR in or PVL (Plant Varieties Le^slation). Australia like to point to tlie large number An ensuing study by the US National government to let them manage the intro­ Shell, incidently, is one of the funders of small seed companies (around 500) in Academy of Sciences found that US crops' duction of higli yielding varieties over more of tlie Australian Industries Committee for the US as an example of tlie incentives are "impressively uniform genetically and than 20 per cent of Indonesia's wet-rice land Plant Breeders' Rights that has been pressing PBR offers to small business, witliout for tlie introduction of the legislation. impressively vulnerable" and that "this in 1969-70? (The experiment didn't last unifonnity derives from powerful economic long, inefficiency and the exposure of questioning tlie orientation of tliese com­ Plant Breeders' Riglits legislation has panies. been introduced into a number of countries, and legislative forces". corruption brought it to a sudden end). including the USA, Soulli Africa, New The proiifeiation of brand name varieties, Tliey also conveniently ignore some Zealand, Japan and most European all carrying the same cytoplasm (genetic CORPORATE INTEGRITY? vital statistics of tiie US seed industry. For countries. It is usually described by its base), is remarkably reminiscent of the drug We have to ask whose interests the plant instance, four companies, Ciba-Geigy, proponents as a "patenting" system for industry, where companies arc able to breeder will consider. Naturally in the Sandoz, Dekalb, and Pioneer, handle two- plant varieties, conferring on the plant register as "new" drugs (with new names) present situation, where plant breeding is thirds of all seed corn sales in tlie US, and breeders the same rights as are enjoyed by the same old drug with a slight molecular publicly funded, programmes are oriented .59 per cent of the hybrid sorghum market. tire inventors of new technological develop­ change. This makes it technically a new to the greater profitability of the farmer. There are two approaches to licensing ments. chemical compound without changing its This would also be the case in the PBR or seed certification. In the EEC countries However PBR is far more complex than pharmaceutical effects. scenario put forward by our legislators new varieties are tested by tlie autliorities this, and in countries like Canada and In view of the similarity of practices it and public servants, where a large number after registration and if deemed to be merit- Australia which are on tlie verge of intro­ isn't surprising to find so many of the same of small breeders compete in a free market. worthy arc placed on tlie EEC's "Common ducing the legislation it is causing growing names in both industries. Upjohn, Sandaz, However overseas experience has shown that Catalogue". To tliis stage there seems concern among fanners, conservationists, Pfizer, and Ciba-Geigy are already well the market rapidly becomes dominated by nothing wrong with the system - indeed development aid groups and researchers, known in Australia. multinationals. it provides a necessary guide to the farmer. not to mention home gardeners. Multinational agri-business breeding Australia already has a seed certificaUon scheme and state departments of agriculture The legislation generally has two parts: ROLE OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY programmes (where the corporation might make recommendations based on merit the "patent", or registration, which gives The interest of chemical companies like own not only the breeding laboratory, the testing. the holder the sole riglit to production and these, and of the large petro-cheniical firms agri-chemical factory, and the farm, but also sale of seeds of a particular variety; and such as Royal Dutch/Shell and Occidental the marketing agency as well) may be However the EEC countries go one step the licensing regulations which control the Petroleum, in the production of seeds under oriented to "end product profitability". further. Varieties not listed in the Common type of seed which may be sold or grown, PBR protection worries many people - With this type of operation varieties Catalogue may not be grown. The farmer's either by specifically listing such varieties, they are also heavily involved in agri- incurring a loss in the farm sector may be freedom of choice has been curtailed, and or by restricting access to registration. chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides. acceptable because they more than recoup the owners of listed varieties are given a privileged position in the market place. In Australia the Minister for Primary The proponents of PBR are quick to scoff this at the market place. Such varieties Industry, Mr. Nixon, has said that "seeds at suggestions tliat anyone would produce would not be of any economic use to in­ In the American situation there is no that exist now will not be affected by the a plant variety that was less productive or dependent farmers. field testing, but the characteristics claimed introduction of plant variety rights". This more susceptible to pests just to sell their This would not niatler if such farmers by the producers are compared by com­ provided temporary reassurance to farmers other products. No one, they point out, could buy other varieties from fanner- puter with previously registered varieties and others that "traditional" and modern would buy such a variety. oriented breeders - if there were any. before they arc accepted for registration. commercial varieties would remain in tlic No one? Wliat if the new variety was to PBR can lead to the takeover of small seed It seems that there is no restriction on public domain. However the Opposition produce half as much again as present companies at a prodigious rate. the varieties that the farmer may grow. spokesman on Primary Industry, Senator varieties, maybe even two or three times In the UK, in the week PBR legis­ However tlic Australian Seed Producer's Walsh, has said recently that a leaked draft as much but only with the addition of lation was passed, one multinational (Ranks Federation is said to have applied pressure of the bill flatly contradicts this claim. their chemicals. Don't bother trying to Hovis McDougall) bought out 84 small to have the European system introduced. There have been worries tliat existing seed figure out the economics of balancing supply companies, and by the time its Since the draft legislation has now been varieties may disappear because they would increased need for inputs of fertilizer and buyuig spree was over had acquired over revised as a result of disagreement in tlic be less valuable to seed dealers than those pesticide against increases in yield - it has 100 firms. (continued next page)

SEMPER, 3 September 1980 Torres Strait Islanders Seek

Few Australians are aware of the conflict over land rights on the islands of Torres Strait. STEPHEN MAM and MATTHEW FOLEY* recently visited the area; they report on growing dissatis^tion with the Queensland Government. Land Rights On Friday, 27th June a most significant buildings and village planning. letter appeared in the Courier Mail. It was a The State Government has nonetheless plea from the people of Moa Island in the continually sought to prevent housing Torres Strait for recognition of their claim development through Commonwealth to the land of their island. Situated 30 funded Aboriginal or Islander housing co­ kilometres north of Thursday Island, Moa operatives. The Slate Government wants Island (also known as Banks Island) is home the money paid instead to the D.A.I.A. to to two hundred people in settlements at enable it to own and control houses for Kubin Village and Saint Paul's Mission. Aboriginal and Islander people. For the past 46 years Mr. Wees Nowia On Moa Island the D.A.I.A. administers has been Chairman of the small Islander Kubin Village while the Church of England community at Kubio Village. He has spoken administers Saint Paul's Mission on the movingly of the land as family heritage: opposite side of the island. t'^SBlljlJ "This island is ours. This belong? to my In 1978 a survey team from the great-grandfathers and grandmothers. It no Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders Legal ,.*^ ' *• • •'^

belong white people. It belong me." Service working in co-operation with tfie ' • •- > Mr. Adea Wapau, Island Councillor at Foundation for Aboriginal and Islander Saint Paul's Mission said that an Islander Research Action, visited Moa Island as part co-operative had planned to buOd houses on of a State-wide survey of black Queens- ,.•••• v.- the island, but permission to obtain land on landers' opinions on the Aborigines Act which to build had been refused by the and the Torres Strait Islanders Act. Of the Director of the Department of Aborig^al 25 adults interviewed at Kubin Village all and Islander Advancement (D.A.I.A.) Mr. P. said that reserve lands should be owned KiUoran. Mr. Wapau commented: by the people Uving on the reserves and not "They can't because of this land right, by the State Government. At Saint Paul's you know. ITie land still belongs to the Mission 17 out of 29 people questioned said State. When Mr. KiUoran said stop - stop." likewise. '^*Jh!^ • :: Section 36 of the Torres Stmt Islanders Wednesday, 2nd July, 1980, the writers Stephen Man-i (left) virith Moa Island resident Act of 1971-1979 provides that the elected became the first people to obtain permission Island Councils shall have powers of local to visit a Torres Strait Island reserve by a proposal for local autonomy for the Torres the Tones Strait. government. This includes the power to telephone directly with the Chairman of Strait Islands during the 1978 review of the At sunset on Thursday Island a black make bylaws (subject to Ministerial Badu Island, Mr. Crossfield Amut, instead Torres Strait Islanders Act. man in khaki and slouch hat lowers the approval) about land use and occupation, of having to communicate through the The Tovwisville-based Torres United Party Queensland flag down a white flagpole. D.A.I.A. radio wireless. under the leadership of Mr. Carlemo Tlie Union Jack and the Maltese Cross 'Stephen Mam is National AtXHiginal C^ference ,This communication breakthrpu^ has Wacando and, Mr. James Akee is cunently are folded into each other and put away representative for South-Eest Queensland. He was •. come at . a time when itiany. are seeking an order from the High Court of for the night. Nearby a won^ tree, the bom and raised at Saint Paul's Mission on Moa contemplating new patterns of community Australia that the Australian Government wild plum tree of great significance in Island fn the Tones Strait development and, mdeed, a new social order never properly annexed the islands and sea­ Torres Strait Island culture, is blowing in Matthew Foley is a Senior Tutor in Social Work in the Torres Strait. Eastern Islands Group bed of Torres Strait. They are seeking a fresh wind. " D at the Unhnrsity of Queensland. representative, Mr. George Mye, submitted sovereign independence for the islands of

market, a high level of chemical inputs, and The other argument is that the adoption hi Australia P.B,R. has had a short but (from previous page) increasing dominance by multinational of Uiis legislation by Australia will make dramatic history. OriginaUy due to go before corporations. overseas varieties available that had been Federal Parliament in October last year, mdustry (probably over this point), it is The suggestion that die introduction of held back by their "owners". Indeed die the legislation will not be submitted until possible that it now contains provision for PBR legislation v^U result ui an emphasis Principal Horticulturist of Queensland about May next year. This was the decision the European system, and Australians will on breeding for characteristics such as yield, Department of Primary Industries has said of a Brisbane meeting of the Agricultural face restrictions on what tliey may grow. uniformity, processing abihty, and appear­ that this is the main reason for the mtro- Council " the body comprising the Federal ance with a lack of attention to taste and duction of P.B.R. legislation. Yet Australia Minister for Primary Industries and his state nutritional value is misleading. Surely this ROYALTIES is a party to many reciprocal international counterparts. The CouncU decided that the bias toward commercially desirable There are other worrying aspects of the agreements which guarantee access to over­ bill should be submitted for a first reading characteristics is a product of the mass- proposed legislation. Not only will farmers seas developments, and should some par­ only, then laid on Uie table tor public debate, production and mass-marketing of crops. and other seed users have to pay royalties ticularly good variety be sought there is until the next Agricultural Council meethig. PBR is responsible only in so far as it en­ as part of the price of the seed but even nothing to prevent the relevant authorities This meeting will be held in about a year's courages tiie entry of mass-production when they save their own seed they may from "horse trading" a locally developed time, and will decide whether or not to oriented corporations into the food sector. be liable to pay royalties on this. The variety or two, (we already sell locally-- proceed with the bill. If the bill is submitted Minister Assisting the Minister for Primary Similarly the breeding of hybrids (the developed sugar cane varieties to other for a second reading, it will not become law Industries has specifically said that "The seeds of which will not reproduce the parent countries) or using public money to pay a until at least the budget session of rights will pemiit plant breeders to levy plant) is often brou^t into the issue. The licensing fee in the same way that Hcensing parliament in 1981. and collect royalties from persons selling or fact that hybrids do not breed true to their fees are paid for oUier overseas-developed This time delay is an opportunity for using new varieties registered under the lineage gives them an inbuilt PBR - Uie technologies. This might prove cheaper in opponents to campaign a^st the bill. scheme." grower must go back to die breeder for his the long term than using public money to Campaigns in Canada have mobilised tre­ Earlier this year, when it was considering next season's seed. This has led to a con­ set up and run a P.p.R. system. mendous opposition to their legislation, mtroducing the American type of le^s- centration on hybrids by seed companies, especially amongst farmers' organisations, lation, the Government said that Uiere was to the long-term detriment of genetic In fact the cost to the public is a third and have so far dissuaded the government no intention of placing any restriction on variety, but it is a product of the commer­ argument used in favour of P.B.R. - that from proceeding with it. what farmers would be able to grow in cialism of plant breeding and is not necess­ P.B.R. would stimulate corporate sector to In Brisbane the "Brisbane Seeds Project" Australia. The American type of le^s- arily related to Plant Breeders' Rights. take on the expense of research and develop­ lation is favoured by the Industries Com­ is co-ordinating wiUi efforts of several ment of new plant varieties. Just the groups and individuals. For those of you mittee for Want Breeders' Rights, probably "GENETIC POLICE" opposite would be the case; the corporate who would like to learn more about the because it excludes protracted periods of Two of the arguments used by Uie pro­ sector would seek to have more public issue, Pat Mooney's book "Seeds of the merit testing and favours quick and profit­ ponents of the scheme are raUier poor. funding directed to Uiis end. Byron Beeler able returns on new varieties. Earth" provides a definitive study of Uie The first, that registraUon would have to from Ciba-Geigy probably spoke for the global seed industry. Also a good over­ Some of the arguments used against PBR be voluntary. How could any government whole industry when he said in 1977; "I view is contained in a series of articles on legislation arc really arguments against the enforce the re^stration, of new varieties? see research divided into the discovery "Plant Breeder's Rights" pubUshed by the Western industrial system of food Would they have '"genetic police" phase . . . discovery will continue in tlie Sunslune News. production and distribution. This system is public institutions ... Uie exploitation of snooping through every wheat field and For further details, contact Ken Butler characterised by the replacement of labour research can best be done by private enter­ backyard vegetable garden on the lookout from Action for World Development, P.O. by capital, increasing energy consumption prise." for a new, unlettered variety? P.B.R. Box 1474, Brisbane, 4000. {Ph: (07) per unit of food energy produced, con­ registration is only of mterest to those 2219398). centration on the demands of the global who want to profit from plant breeding.

10 nflD^R.

In the Pkiblic Interest

When Ralph Nader toured Australia in July, he stressed the need for University students to come together and form Public Interest Research Groups. The following articles are an edited version of Nader's talk at Queensland University; they describe the Research Groups, as well as Nader's views on Multinationals and Citizenship,

Education should give students a companies' priorities. "Ehey didn't want sense of their riglits, as a people, and research done on safety,' Uiat would draw as individuals. It should provide ex­ attention to their automobiles. They wanted perience in analysing problems that research done in areas Uiey could define, and as a result, MIT never even had a degree are nagging the community, an called Automotive Engineering or opportunity to develop solutions, and Automotive Safety. some sense of how to get people to­ In New Jersey, the centre of the phar­ gether in a community of effort maceutical drug industry, you don't find reasoned as follows: the students are and NorUi Carolina have done it. called self-government, because that's universities playing a role analysing the working on important problems in the What students realise is that they can what it is. effects of pharmaceutical products. Yet community Uirough Uieir public hiterest develop political power even if they don't about half of Uie current 4,000 phar­ research group. The problems are very have great wealth or a political machine. Universities and colleges should provide maceutical products in Uie United States intellectually challenging, the students are They can develop great power simply by that opportunity, in fact even primary are useless for the purpose for which motivated. So why not? brui^ng together information about the schools and high schools should give people they're advertised. Dozens and dozens of So now students in New York State get behaviour of politicians which is not widely these kinds of opportunities. But Uiey don't, them have been shown to be harmful, and course credit for spending a semester in disseminated among the public. You don't because too many of our educational in­ a few have been taken off Uie market, by the state capital of Albany, lobbying the want to overestimate the extent of that stitutions - 1 think it's true here as it is in the Food and Drug Administration. le^slature. power, but it's a very interesting insight the United States and Canada - reflect the These and other examples show how These sorts of activities also need to be into the effect of information which has distribution of private power outside the universities failed to serve Uie needs of Uie carried out at Queensland University, and access to wide distribution. institutions. public. They highlight Uie need for Uie should be included in your courses. Or if you study chemistry, you can The University of West Virginia is m a Public Interest Research Groups which were Sit down wiUi your faculty and ask them analyse the local drinking water for heavy coalmining area of West Virginia.But it has set up on American campuses in the 70's. whether Uiey'll do the following: Let's say metals or organic chemicals and put togeUier never really been a centre for critical study There are now 25 such groups in 25 in your Government Department, you have a report and again release it to the com­ of the coal industry and its effect on coal states, Uie largest one being in New York a course that deals with the parHament. Why munity. minen. which now has a $1.5 million budget, 100 not have assignments where you do profdes In Uiis way you have a triple advantage In England in the late 1930s, black lung full time staff and Uie council of directors on your members of pariiament. Just call - (1) you leam about government or disease was documented. It took over 20 composed completely of students elected the course by your MP names - whatever. chemistry or biology in a more memorable years to even be recognised as a disease in by their peers. They hire Uie staff and set Write to your MPs and say Uiat this year way than you otherwise would. This is West Virginia. Wlien the miners came down priorities in terms of the issues they want the students in the course are going to because you're learning about it in the con­ with that lung disease because they were staff to work on - such as legislative reform, engage in an intensive study of you. And text of a real-life and perhaps controversial breathing in coal dust day after day, the corporate pollution, bank ripoffs, analysis we'd like you to co-operate wiUi us. We'd problem in Uie community - contaminated doctors for the West Virginia coal com­ of underground drinking water contam­ like to interview you on your aims, look drinking water, unaccountable MP or panies would say, "Well, that's asUmia". ination, chemical waste dumps, the analysis at your voting records, how you behave whatever. (2) You're learning citizen skills, Or, "You're just smoking cigarettes, and of nuclear refuel processing centres and with various special lobby groups and so in going out and getting the data and that's why you have that lung disease." corporate pollution, bank ripoffs, analysis on, and we're going to put out a 200 page studying Uie political economy, the drinking And at the Massachusetts Institute of of underground drinking water contam­ report at the end of Uie course. We'll have a water apparatus, or the pariiament. You're Technology there was no research and ination, chemical waste dumps, the analysis news conference, and the report will be learning how to influence these areas and development done for half a century on of nuclear refuel processing centres and available througliout Uie electorate to any­ will be able to transfer your skills to other automobile safety. It was then a leading many other issues. They even did profdes body who wants to pay for reproduction problem areas long after graduation. problem - the fourth leading cause of of legislators, printed Uiem on Uieir own costs. And (3), you're taking a body of in­ deaUi in tiie United States on Uie highway. printing press and sent Uiem around to Can you imagine when that letter arrives formation and you're sharing it wiUi Uie Here was a major en^neering system, the electorates throughout the state. This of what Uie response would be? You become community beyond the bounds of the highway vehicle driver network, and course was not taken too kindly by the probably the most important people in university. America's major engineering institution legislators but Uie students were not that member of padiament's career because This is important, and reflects the did nothing on the breakdown of that deterred at all. even in Uie U.S. it's very rare Uiat the voters function of the university as an information system which led to death and injury on In many instances students were ^ven get togeUier and do a profile which Uiey centre, a concept which goes beyond its the highway. course credit and still are given course distribute publicly. We've done it on library shelves and examination papers. This was a reflection of the auto credit for such activities. The faculties occasion, some student groups in New York (continued next page)

SEMPER, 3 September 1980 11 nfiD€fi. Multinationals (excerpts from Ralph Nader's Brisbane talks - continued from previous page) The role of multinationals is an important issue in Australia. I have observed that Australia's economic policies toward multinationals reflect a loss of confidence in its own resources and people - a failure to develop its economy through a model of economic development that reflects political sovereignties in Australia, subject to your own people. Australia's policies are oriented towards the needs of the multinationals. The multinationals come to Australia based in PerUi, is desperate for expansion under a veil of secrecy. Tlicy make agree­ capital, and had to sell half of its company ments with die federal and state govern­ to Uie Shell Oil company - a Dutch ments which are, by and large, secret. multinational. The multinationals come and demand So Uicre's a difference between a the following: subsidies - infrastructure governmental policy oriented domestically investments by the Australian taxpayer; as in Sweden, and a policy oriented as in low royalty payments to state govern­ Australia towards Uie multinational model ments for Uie use of raw materials; tax of development. The more Uiis occurs the preferences; and sometimes they demand more you will lose your economic and le^timate concerns about some of these become extraordinary leaders in their com­ going lightly on environmental standards. political independence. mining and other industrial activities, and munity, with an extraordinary record of T^at kind of interference is not the way they're being shaped and unposed strategy, and citizen tactical development. United States doesn't give a wimp what It's a learning process like anything else, conducive to the development of a GMP does in Australia, even Uiough GMH on local people. The advent of the and it all starts with a feelmg by each person balanced and stable economy. is a subsidiary of General Motors, wholly multination^s increases the likelihood that that they do care about some problem in The multinationals are very capital owned. If anyone's going to hold it the state governments will be turned into intensive; Uiey make their decisions for accountable it's got to be Australia, even corporate proxies and will enact more re­ their country or in their community, and this country thousands of mUcs away. thou^ it's a US based company. pressive measures. that they have some desire to do some- ting about it. This creates a kind of instability, which The loss of your political and economic These issues underline the need for each says that if you don't meet our terms in independent can be seen already. Here's person to have a self perception as a citizen. People must not take their rights for W.A., we will pull out and go somewhere the pattern; Multinational comes in, wants Each person must believe that he or she granted, for if Uiey don't use Uiem, Uiey're else. So the country becomes dependent to extract a mineral. There are certain counts as a citizen, which means that they going to lose them. In many overseas on multinationals' decisions. environmental difficulties, land rights, and will allocate a little bit of their time to countries, students are trying to overthrow Also it's not well publicised Uiat a great other problems. The citizens of Australia involving themselves in citizen activities and despotisms in order to gain many of the deal of the money the multinationals are object. They dare even to go to the streets to developing citizen skiUs. rights you have in your country. And the investing is not Uieir ovm money, it's in peaceful demonstration. The multi­ We've seen people in the United States question is do you use them? What if the Australian money. Probably over half of the national doesn't want any opposition. struggle against nuclear power. Because they rights you have were abrogated, would you "multinational investment" is Australian Multinationals wordwide have had affinities involved Uiemselves, because they learned, feel the loss? If not, it's likely that you don't money gjven the brand name of foreign witii dictatorial and authoritarian practices •because they developed their skills, they've use them. multinationals. This means that the invest­ as long as the dictatorships have not inter­ ment priorities of Australian capital is being fered with their profits. Dictatorships, 1 determined by the multinationals, the same miglit add, on the right, and dictatorships capital might be better used in industries on Uie left. They worked well wiUi Franco's Freedom of Information which are more benign to the environment Spain, Peron's Argentina and Pinochet's Government secrecy is incompatible witii democratic government. If the and more beneficial for the workers. Chile. And Uie capitalists take off from New government does not allow a reasonable open door so that citizens can find One simple example is the develop­ York every day for Moscow to click vodka glasses vwth the commissars to strike out what it has done, what deals it has made with private corporations or ment of a nuclear industry here in Australia other groups, how can the people judge their government? under consistent demands by multinationals, lucrative deals with them. You cannot depend on multinationals ever to defend lliey want to set up a uranium enrichment The answer, parliamentary system en­ very critical. In boUi our countries the democratic rights. You cannot expect them plant, and nuclear plants, particularly to thusiasts say, is that they judge goverrunent voters have given up far too much of their to.do oUier than either encourage or push feed the aluminium mdustry. That's a policy at election time, and ministerial respon­ auUiority to alleged representatives m that will create few jobs, an environmental the state government to enact repressive sibility is enough. I disagree. measures. Congress or ParUament. We need to bring hazard, and will intrude seriously on Governments have a complicated unpact back some of that authority, and develop aboriginal rights. It will feed the worid In western Australia you have to have a on people's Hves. They reflect such complex direct democratic rights in our country. nuclear industry, now in considerable police permit if more than three people and often harmful private power, such as Australia has an official secrets act, so decline, particulariy in the United States, gather in a public assembly in a public multinational power, that they are not held does Canada, so does the United Kingdom. and increase the risk of nuclear arms place, and if the permit is denied you cannot accountable by periodic elections. This is There are people ui all three countries proliferation. appeal in court. That is clearly an authori­ particularly so since the increasing two party struggling for a freedom of information One alternative is solar energy. Solar tarian edict, and one which will feed on dominance of western democracies leaves act. energy creates more jobs, it's a benign form itself and the situation will become worse choices no more different than between Austraha has had a freedom of in­ of energy and Australia can take a leading and worse. The Queensland law isn't quite Tweedledum and Tweedledee. formation bill pending since 1978. I have position in export of solar technology. as bad, it is still an edict which in the US Accountability has to be brought up looked it over. It is not worth even con­ But where does Australia stand wiUi energy would be declared prompUy unconstitution­ to date to reflect Uie complex events Uiat sidering, it is so weak. development? al, and overturned. touch peoples lives. Individuals and groups It has many exceptions, and provides The Federal government is straining And so the advent of multinationals should have access to information in govern­ unbridled discretion by goverrunent officials to furUier subsidise Uie nuclear industry, to Uiese activities tend to be opposed or ment and be able to evaluate that and to put your requests for information under and yet the largest solar energy company, challenged by citizens who have very provide feedback. Citizen feedback is very, the exempt category stamped secret.

issues varying from contamination of and campaignmg work. A high priority has druiking water to sexist discrimination by been ^ven to lobbying for amendments to Moves for RI.R.G. at UQ. employment agencies, often receive nation­ the proposed federal Freedom of Inform­ wide media prominence in the US. Many ation Bill. A detailed analysis of the Moves are underway to set up a Public Interest Research Group at Queens­ PIRG reports have resulted in kgislation to operation of Queensland gerrymander is also land University. PETER APPLEGARTH describes the latest developments. remedy the social problems they regulariy being considered. Following Ralph Nader's address at Ross indicated the pitfalls and potential highlight. The next meeting of UQPIRG will be on Queensland University, many students and of a PIRG. He emphasised the need for a From Uiat meeting UQPIRG has now Wednesday, 3rd September at Ipm in the staff indicated their willingness to get in­ sound organisational structure to under­ fomied two groups. One will look into E.G. WHITLAM ROOM, STUDENTS volved in public interest research. A member take the many forms of public interest planning. This group will look at the possi­ UNION BUILDING. All staff and students of Ralph Nader's staff, John Richards, gave research that are needed in Queensland. bility of students obtaining academic credit are welcome to attend. a group of students some ideas about how for public interest research, and will submit a proposal to the Committee on University Ralph Nader succinctiy identified the PIRGs had flourished in the United States Ross probably has the best credentials in the worid to speak about PIRGs. New Restructuring to ensure that public interest need for a PIRG when he said, "This and Canada. A week later the Director of research assumes a greater prominence at country has more problems than it should the New York Public Interest Research York PIRG operates on a budget of $1.5. million dollars and employs over 100 Queensland University. tolerate and more solutions tiian it uses." Group, Donald Ross, addressed a meeting D at the University. salaried staff members. Its reports uito The other group will engage in research t2 Convention, Laws and the Takeovers he Federal Opposition is hoping T that Tony Stalcy's resignation will Rupert Murdoch's takeover of Ansett was a clear breach numerous cases of breaches wilhoul penalty hurt Uie government close to an election. of the law. But the Government refuses to prosecute are defence enough in the Staley case. They are giving every indication that they Cleariy, they say, Murdoch's case was are going to make Slaley's last months in KJAZ PERRY reports. handled in the same way as these other the Posts and Telecommunications port­ cases. The government and Tribunal cx- folio as tougli as possible. Stalcy is latest peclcd Murdoch lo sell off his other tele­ in Uie series of fraser ministers who have vision shares afler Uic takeover bid, there­ fallen, or been pushed from tlic front bench. by having time "to pul itself within the The government has lost several ministers Act". In other words, to breach the law, already - most notably Lynch, Shell and but amend conditions later to make them­ Ian "Lazarus" Sinclair. The government has selves "legal" again. The government is been further embarrassed by the leaking of contending that Murdoch had every right the budget by journalist Lnurie Oakes - a to do this, as many other groups before budget Uicy hoped to use as an election them had done. However, the ALP is con­ ploy. testing the issue. The government's record of Cabinet Essentially, all of this means that the mishaps and improprieties is already legend­ .Murdoch organisation might have been ary. When Ian Sinclair was acquitted of 9 completely against the law regarding not fraud charges related to liis father's funeral only (he Channel 10 takeover, bul the companies Doug Anthony is reported to whole takeovers of Ansel i Transport have rushed about wiUi joy, crying "I'm Industries, li is unknown whether these facts just looking for someone to kiss!" Sinclair, will have any effect on Uie takeover now. who had been subject to a lot of heat boUi Even if impropriety were proved the before and during his legal problems was numerous examples of laws for the rich promptly offered anoUier portfolio, "when" being applied, raUier than Uie laws of the they could find one for him, and only land, would probably prevail, and the "after" the election. (Just in case Uie public takeover would not be declared illegal. felt any displeasure at the court decision). However, the fact is Uiat media owner­ But Lo! Country Party Minister for ship has become even more concentrated Special Trade, Doug Scott, stepped forward, in a country where the media is already and agreed to stand down for Sinclair. (he niosl monopolised in the western Scott, who is presently in hospital re­ worid. Between now, and Uie Federal covering from an operation said Doug election, the Labor Party intends to push Anthony had suggested to liim he ought to Mr. Staley, and the Government, over the let Sinclair have his job. Many people Channel 10 issue. They arc trying to keep are already seeing comparisons between up the heat of Uie issue and use it as an tlus event, and Fraser's sacking of Lynch, election issue, to discredit Uie government's under similar circumstances. credibility in niatters of law. Now Tony Staley has resigned, claiming However, when the ALP launched an that family and personal reasons made this attack on Mr. Staley at the beginning of course necessary. According to Staley it the budget session the Government was the entreaties of his children Uiat finally countered, as expected, with a list of Uiose did it. ApparenUy they were saying companies who have breached the act with "Mummy, who is that i'unny man?" when impunity. According lo Uie Government, he came home for the weekend. Stalcy's tiiere have been 41 breaches of the Act, resignation was damaging enough to the which were eventually voluntarily remedied government, but now the facts behind the by the guilty parlies. In fact, in 1973 Uie Murdoch Organisation's Ansett coup, and Labor Government's tribunal renewed a Staley's part in it, are being told. broadcast licence of a station in breach of the Herald and Weekly Times takeover bid. that the Murdoch group was acting in the Act. They said that the ALP was simply The whole problem stems from the fact Had die law been strictly adhered to the head hunting for Rupert Murdoch, but that Rupert Murdoch already owned shares breach of Uie Act, but noted Uiat no pre­ Ansett takeover niiglit never have occurred, cautions had ever taken place in such worse, Uial "the ALP is using the issue for in two Capital City Television stations, and Rupert Murdoch would not now be political motives, still smarting under the Channel 10 Sydney and Channel 9 Adelaide, situations before. It was decided that there a major shareholder in four television would be no investigations. During all of old wounds of 1975." The government also during the Ansett takeovers, and were there­ stations. It seems that the Minister, Mr. defended the convention, and said it was fore not allowed to buy anymore television these proceedings Staley look no positive Staley, was aware of the Murdoch moves to moves to prevent the Murdoch takeovers, noniiai policy to allow ihose in breach of stations. However tied up in Uie lucrative take over Ansett illegally in the terms of the the acl to liave time to GET BACK within Ansett holdings were Melbourne station or to investigate Uie obvious breaches in act. It was reported that Mr. Staley actually the Act. the law. ATV 10 and Brisbane station TVQ Channel spoke to Reg Ansett on the telephone in 0. According to the letter of the law Political or not, government rhetoric December last year, and was asked by Mr. All these events came to light only after does nol solve the question of Uic ATI Murdoch was required to rid himself of the Ansett to intervene in the takeover. The shares in Uie two TV stations he owned die Uibor Parly walked out of Tribunal takeovers legality. Wlicther or not con­ Minister is recorded as having said that meetings held to consider the takeover, vention has allowed such breaches in Uie BEFORE trying to taice over Ansett, and neither he, nor the government, would take the oUier two stations. The problem comes and appealed lo the High Court. The Court Act before is not at issue. The question is action. .decision was very critical of all aspects of whether the law as it is written was from the difference between the law and According to a report in Uic National convention. the takeover bid, and forced Uic Tribunal breached. The government itself admitted Times, Staley was advised from the Attorney to reopen hearings concerning the case. it was, and was aware of the possible According to Uie Fraser government of General's department that "News Limited" When Staley was questioned in the House penalties. However, neither the Tribunal, 1975, law aiways overrides convention. was cleariy in breach of the ownership and he placed llic blame and consequences the Covcrnmcnl or responsible Minister, However in this case. Tribunal convention control provisions in the Broadcasting and squarely on the Tribunal's shoulder saying Mr. Staley, chose to do anything about it. took precedence over law. Altliougli Television Act. The penalty for such a thai their decisions on the matter were The question must surely be why the Murdoch should have divested himself of breach is S2,000 a day. At that stage Staley clearly theirs and not his. After nmcli con- Government, approached by Reg Ansett two TV stations before buying Ansett, it passed Uic buck back to the Broadcasting troversy Staley asked for a full list of to prevent the illegal takeover, chose to was accepted Uiat Murdoch could flout the Tribunal, saying it was they who adminis­ previous breaches in the Act where no prose­ ignore ATI's rights, in preference to Mr. law, and set it right later, by selHng them tered Uie Act. cutions were made. Murdoch's organisation's demands for later. The same convention applied during The Broadcasting Tribunal was aware According to the government these convention. a L SEMPER, 3 September 1980 13 Noumea/New Hebrkles Keeping a Check (Vanuatu) 15 DAYS - DEPARTS 27th NOV 1980 on Police COST (ex SYDNEY) FROM $555 PER PERSON Impropriety Philippines 18 DAYS - DEPARTS 30th JAN 1981 COST (ex SYDNEY) FROM $899 PER PERSON Sri Lanka 33 DAYS - DEPARTS 27th NOV 1980 COST (ex MELBOURNE) FROM $1020 PER PERSON

Chinese New Year Cruise Only two-thirds of the Queensland Police Force could be described as "your average honest cops", according to the President of the Queensland 14 DAYS - DEPARTS 30th JAN 1981 Council for Civil Liberties, Terry O'Gorman. COST (ex BRISBANE) FROM $706 PER PERSON Speaking recently at Queensland outside bodies to look into complaints University, Mr. O'Gorman said newly against police is that they realise that appointed Police Minister Russ Hinze, their tactics of sweeping legitimate should move to set up an independent complaints under the carpet will come to an end, and not only w^ it come to an body to investigate complaints against end but they themselves may well justifiably Austrian Ski Tours 1981 police, in an effort to reverse fast- face the prospect of being charged in the declining public faith in police. criminal courts." 22 to 365 DAYS - DEPART 14th JAN, 4th FEB i However, it was virtually impossible for He said "the situation has been reached Queensland courts to bring evidence of or 4th MARCH in Queensland where the Queensland pubUc police impropriety to light under this COST (ex SYDNEY) FROM $1588 PER PERSON can no longer have any faith in the system state's internal police investigations system, of police investigating police." he added. The need for an outside watchdog was TTie reason was that police "loved to" obvious, going by "the absolutely horrible verbal suspects with a criminal record, track record of the Queensland Police because it discredits the suspect in the Force over the last four years (since Terry eyes of the jury and allows police evidence Lewis became Police Commissioner) and to stand up better, Mr. O'Gorman said. "Of Bali Cultural Ibur 1980 the incredibly adverse findings against the course, your average jury is going to say, Police Force by the Criminal Law Inquiry," well, we can't 16 DAYS - DEPARTS FRI 5th DEC he said. beUeve someone who COST (ex BRISBANE) FROM $839 PER PERSON "The average member of the Queensland obviously has a record like that, and so, public is sick and tired of seeing police who another verbal is successful." are verballing, bashing, fabricating and per­ . Although a number of cases had been juring, and not only gettuig away vwth it, thrown out of Queensland courts in the past but subsequendy being promoted." four years because of dubious police prac­ Queensland should follow the examples tices, the courts still had no real teeth to set by Victoria and New South Wales, where bring police into line, he said. police are investigated by non-police authorities, Mr. O'Gorman said. Police negUgence would be blamed for Fifty New South Wales police officers a few serious wrongful convictions where had already been charged with such of­ mnocent people have suffered long prison fences as bashing, verb^mg, and even car stretches, or worse, as a result he clauued. towing rackets in the eighteen months since This had occuned in New Zealand recenUy, the new system had been operating, he when a convicted murderer serving a ten- reported. year prison term was cleared, after a retired It was no wonder the formation of these New South Wales judge uncovered new new bodies had met with such strident evidence which contradicted police evidence opp(^ition from police in both states, he on the case. said. Other wrongful convictions had even "When you look at what's happened ui more dire consequences. Mr. O'Gorman the police history of New South Wales in pointed out, "One such case was in the last eighteen months you can see why England, the case of Timothy Evans, \Vho so many police officers were terrified at was posthumously pardoned on a murder the prospect of having independent in- charge, because it was found in England vestigarions of complaints about police." after an inquiry that he couldn't have done Victorian police were no happier than it. But it was a bit too late - they'd hung their New South Wales counterparts over him." the issue. They even threatened to boy­ Mr. O'Gorman said "We have hi the cott ^ving evidence before a certain Judge English speaking common law jurisdictions Ground Floor because he had chaired the 1975-76 inquiry in England, New Soudi Wales and Victoria, which initially recommended the creation the growuig realisadon because of numerous Union Building of die Victorian outside police complaints cases such as these, that police caimot and mvestigation body. will not properly mvestigate complamts Phone 371.2163, 371.2433 Mr. O'Gorman said 'Tlve only reason against police." why police forces in Australia do not want -SHELLEY DEMPSEY

U .SRTIR€. CANT STOP THE im^lC Self-proclaimed "clair-audient" Doris Stokes publicity. Skeptic PETER STEIIMHEUER reviews recently toured Australia amid a flurry of her Brisbane appearance. Full bladders, empty minds, tinted die mostly past the age of 50, often from hair and plastic teeth. The women's heart disease or lung disease (heart disease toilet queue had the jitters. Can't being the commoricst cause of death in the miss Doris, The Playtex set were out community). Stretch Doris beyond those in force for their audience with the safe conclusions, and she shows up as just supernatural grandmother from a less than clever purveyor of auto­ London, Doris Stokes. Adulated in suggestion. Let me exemplify ... this country by the populist electronic Doris begins searching for a relative of a media such as Don Lane and Haydn voice from the spirit side named Allen. No takers, but a woman with a departed Arthur Sargent, Doris is on her second "tour" accepts. "Oh I knew it started with 'A' " of Australia, ostensibly to promote claims Doris, who dien tells the relative she her book "Voices in My Ear". You see thinks Arthur died of a heart attack: "He Doris Stokes claims to be a clair- went across very quickly". The relative says audiant, which I guess is one way of no, actually Arthur committed suicide. describing a clairvoyant with Stokes replied: "Well darting I didn't want cataracts, reduced to hearing the to say it" and says tfiat the pain she felt voices of the dead "spirit side" as in her chest which she interpreted as a sign she calls them, rather than seeing of ArUiur's heart attack was actually the heartache the relatives felt. Good one, eh? them. Doris tiien says he left behind a Tony, Tommy or Terry living, but Uie Arthur A blind man is assisted to his seat in the relative says she doesn't think so, however sold-out City Hall. To clarify a point, she does have a friend named Terry. On diis one had a white cane and dark glasses that point, Doris claims a victory. - he was visually blind. As for the rest of the audience ... And so it goes on. Doris picks on another At ten dollars a head, 1 at least expected person, again a woman, who doesn't have a a support act. Maybe they could have hired clue who Ida, Uie person Doris hears "spirit Lennox Walker, the long range weather side", is. But she does know an Eileen, forecaster or had a tea-leaves reader working which is good enough. Wow, how magical! off an overhead projector onto a large I'm sure we all know someone whose name screen. But no, toniglit for our ten dollars starts with 1 or E or T or take your pick. we were to get just the rotund Doris, plus Doris says that a spirit tells her someone her ardent supporter Haydn Sargent. close to Eileen has had a window put in and Oh, hang on, I forgot all those extras - the the audience member claims "We had a spirits who appeared to Doris during the tornado at Redcliffe and had a new window "performance" - 1 guess they'd expected put in". Well, they sure must keep Uieir a performance fee or royalties or tlie like. tornados secret down the Peninsula way; Truly invisible expenses that go into putting we haven't heard of any rornados there on such a show. Lest we forget. lately. The audience was overwhelmingly female, The guessing goes on. A spirit named and I guess they thought feminine too. Charlie appears during this communication, Probably a bit shell shocked still with the and die woman from the tornado ravaged news of Ita Buttrose's second divorce, but Redcliffe says she hasn't a clue who Chariie taking the news well. On second thoughts, is. Doris Stokes dismisses diis, explaining maybe they were the New Idea set. Yes, was to introduce Doris to us and as he put it to the woman. But Doris is aware of her that there are so many spirits talking to her I think they are, I said to myself from my "to keep her company on stage". Or maybe detractors and warned the audience to that when she saw someone in the City Hall choice fourth row seat. Aliah! The late his function was to plug his shows: "Our beware of "this man Randi" who had audience "they just call their names out". twenties woman sitting next to me was programme on 4BC" and "The Sargent attacked her and labelled her as a fraud, She then tells Charlie what Don Line told reading a coloured illustrated paperback Report" both were mentioned in his usual and who was later to appear on the Don James Randi, but in more polite phrasing. manual entitled "Understanding Cats". And self-effacing patter. He assured the adoring Lane Show refuting her powers, only to be Next, Doris tries to find a relative of directly in front, sitting- underneath their throng that Doris was "just a very homely, told to piss off by the tall American non- Daisy, but settles for someone who knew brunette and honey blonde perms were pleasant grandmother type". Even at SI0 a singing compere whose TV ratings also Mabel instead. She guesses at fluid on the Jan and Barbie respectively. Yes, definitely head. He told us "She's not a rich woman", incidentally have slumped badly this year. lung (a symptom of heart failure) and is a New Idea crowd. and donated half her earnings to an Irish Interestingly the Doris Stokes perform­ told someone died of lung cancer. She tells boy's home. The other half . . . well, who ance is taking place in the same auditorium Well, I guess you're waiting to hear about a mother her dead Craig was in his thirties, knows, but we were informed tliat "she as Uri Geller's 1975 Brisbane performance, the show itself. Well, so were we. You see, a good guess when talking to a woman of likes chocolates, flowers, children, people". three years before Geller's manager spilled about sixty, but die woman says Craig was Doris had been due to appear, colloquially Maybe Doris herself would tell us more. die beans on the so-called psychic's methods speaking of course, three weeks previously, only nineteen when he died. Oops, damn Well, it certainly wouldn't appear to be to reveal him as nothing more than a clever these late pregnancies. She asks the mother but the day before that performance was but higldy organised magician. due, she had suffered "a slight stroke" so her wardrobe expenses keeping her poor. about a departed Jeffrey, to yield only an The crowd was becoming slightly restless, we were told. Now this raises a number of The tall but rotund grey-haired Doris strode alive son-in-law Jeff. How about an alive waiting for die ten dollar woman to come interesting possibilities. onto the potted palm fringed City Hall Doris or Dorothy? The woman stuns the up with the goods. Who knows what ex- varicose-troubled auditorium by adniitring Surely Doris, with her special powers, stage and sat down next to Haydn in the red armchair sporting an emerald green people "spirit side" would contact her her daugluer is a Christine Dorothy. And would have seen in advance that she would toniglit? Maybe Harold Holt would speak to after all Uiis, the woman still slates that "I be stmck down, as it were, and cancelled kneelength very full dress. "Hello every­ body". The response was not loud enou^, her, ^ve a surf report or ask how Zara was neariy didn't come here toniglit. 1 wasn't the show in advance to save everyone Uie going? Doris believe "there is no death" a believer but I am now". trouble. the second time she got a much more unified and audible "Hello Doris" from and compaicd her role to that of a link in Wliich was the perfect cue for the end of Secondly, if Doris had suffered a sli^it the chain which joined those on the "spirit the first half Jan and Barbie in front of me stroke, she was in safe hands: you see as the crowd, still cursing their arthritis playing up vrith all this clapping. side" to those still living and paying to sec gush forUi cliches: "Marvellous" and "Fan­ she told us on the night: "My husband is her. Doris assured us that the more the tastic". I agree. How fantastic it is that Doris a spiritual healer", so 1 guess he could have "I fell in love with Australia on my first visit two years ago". As she chatted and audience talked back to her about the loved can do this! Ten dollars a head for a self- taken care of that. Not only that, but Doris one's "spirit side" the more "vibrations" professed necromancer with below average informed us "even the cat's psycliic at our joked the full house were even more on side. Suddenly a winner out of the blue: "God she would receive. Paraphrase: Tell me as guess skills, a psychic cat, and average de­ place!" Heck, pity the poor goldfish or much as you can so I can make obvious duction skills. Why Uie headless woman budgie living at the Stokes' household. If willing next year I shall be amongst you" as she announced her intention to move to deducrions about the relative who has at the Ekka is only sbtty cents! All she's only birds or fish could talk, or pigs could died. lacking is a head. fly, or wrinkley Englishwomen could Australia. An audible sigh followed by communicate with the dead ... hearty applause ensued. Doris beamed ap­ It's quite simple really. Doris Stokes is preciatively. Never had a future tax exile's just a clever phoneticist. She works Wi\o knows what Doris Stokes lacks, Maybe he diinks she's fair dinkum too, announcement of her intenrions been so on the basis that many words sound alike, but it certainly isn't cash to buy Uie spiritual or maybe it's because his current affairs well received. It could only happen in have sunilar numbers of syllables, start with pet food. Which reminds me, I'd better get TV show is rating so abysmally, but Mr. Australia, the country which for various the same letter, or are in any way at all home to feed Warren, no is it Warwick. NO! Pluralism hunself, Haydn Sargent's function reasons attaches disproportionate credibility similar. SimUariy, she knows that people Wally. I knew it started wiUi W

SEMPER, 3 September 1980 15

eDucRTion. Changes in Education Funding

The Fraser government's budget will mean various changes to students in will severely impair Uie ability of institutions there will be 18,7 million dollars less. tertiary institutions. Griffith University union chairperson TRACY SMITH to cope with additional enrolments and will The Government's budget reflects a lack here discusses the budget's likely effects. ensure that access to post-secondary of commitment to education. In fact budget education for disadvantaged groups in the increases in the public sector were notably The changes to education spending of students vnll still not be eligble for any community is further restricted. absent. No changes were made to the heavy involve the Tertiary Education Assistance assistance. Capital funding to institutions has tax burden carried by ordmary working Scheme, increases in Technical and Further Moreover the budget papers reveal a suffered massive 84 per cent cuts since 1975. people through the inequities of the present Education expenditure but drops in CAE gross deception on the part of the govern­ Cuts of this magnitude have a profound personal uicome tax scale and the policy of and University expenditure. The relevant ment. Last year's allocation to TEAS was effect on the quality of programmes offered import parity pricing on oil. changes to apply from 1981 are: again underspent and the total cost of the in Universities and CAE's. Van budget can then be clearly seen- as *The maximum level of TEAS for changes for 1981 will only amount to Duruig 1979 there were no less than 15 a continuation of present policy rather than students living away from home will be $5 million. Finally, even Uie government major and urgent building projects defened any supposed new directions. raised from $45.15 to $49.63 per week. estimates that more than 2,500 less students because of lack of funds. The situation was Students face real difficulties and the •The means test cut off point for will receive TEAS in 1981. sufficiendy serious to prompt Uie Tertiary attempt to buy student votes with token parental income will rise from $9,400 to Education Commission (TEC) to remark: mcreases m TEAS is an uisult. llie fact that $10,300 per annum and the cut off on RECURRENT AND CAPITAL TEAS was increased at all indicates a recog­ 'Unless a policy of balanced develop­ personal means tests will rise from $1,500 EXPENDITURE nition that students are some sort of to $2,000 per annum. ment is pursued there will be an ac­ As stated, the recurrent expenditure cumulation of capital needs in the potential force. The increase too can be •The amount that students can receive level will not change from last year's allo­ university and college sectors to the largely attributed to the constant pressure from bursaries will rise from Si50 to $500 cation. This however, says nothing about • point where large capital investments of organisations like the Australian Union per annum. the previous year's allocation which led will be required...' of Students. But it is only with community •Although recurrent expenditure for to staff retrenchments, mcreased class (TEC Report for 1979-81 Triennium, support that anyone can ever expect to get Universities and CAE's wiU remain at 1979 sizes, and reduced library hours. Univer­ Vol. 3, p. 24) their rightful share of the 'education cake'. levels, the provision for capital and equip­ sity and college libraries all around The govenunent's savage reductions in The sldlls gained at post-secondary in­ ment is 9.2 per cent lower than 1980 levels. Australia will be affected by cuts and capital works will lead to further over­ stitutions are valuable and cmcial to the (18 per cent lower in real terms). hours are already madequate for part- crowding and inadequacies. There can be continued functioning of society and as such timers. no doubt that a lack of teaching space and students have a legitimate case for adequate CHANGES TO TERTIARY ASSISTANCE The failure of the government to in­ continuous exposure to cramped conditions financing. Without tiiis fewer and fewer can SCHEME crease recurrent funding for Universities will inevitably lead to a deterioration in the ever expect to study at post-secondary The increases to be made to the level of and CAEs is in effect a reduction of 2-3 quality of education students receive. Again institutions. TEAS barely keeps pace with inflation and per cent in Uie real purchasing powers of in no way compensates for the failure of the the TEC warned the government of Uiese institutions. This is largely associated wiUi possibilities: The Education and Economy Conference government to increase TEAS levels in the inflationary cost pressures on administrative years preceding this, the election year. will be held at Queensland University in items and the purchase of minor equip­ the E.G. WhiUam Room on Saturday, At its present level, TEAS is S28 below 'In view of the above situation the ment. Commission is firmly of the view that September 6th. There will be a panel dis­ the adjusted Henderson Poverty Line. When Additionally, 'incremental creep' is the figures are adjusted again for September the capacity of universities and cussion with about six speakers addressing eroding the financial capacity of institutions colleges to meet their teaching com­ themselves to the question of "What's 1980, TEAS will still remain at $28 below by anywhere between 1.25-2 per cent per the Poverty Line. mitments will be seriously impaired happening to Post-secondary Education?' annum. 'Incremental creep' is associated unless there is an increase in funds in Following thk tiiere will be a series of There is only one way to describe the wiUi rising wage costs incurred through future years above the level avail­ workshops on education and the economy. changes - tokenistic. They mean litUe to increasing salary increments as Uie staff able in 1980'. It starts at 10.15am. those who are eli^ble to receive TEAS. establishment of an institution ages. (TEC Report. Vol. 3, p. 9} The changes that will be made in means Fraser's policies indicate that the govern­ A Trainee Teachers Conference will be held on Sunday, September 7th, at Kelvin test levels compensate only for 1979/80 ment has no intention of departing from its The government has taken no notice of rises and wages and ensure Uiat thousands elitist education policy. Declining resources this advice from the authority: in 1981 Grove CAE, beginning at 12.30pm.

their right to work and Uieir ability to control their fertility, women's dependence and suborduiation to Uieir families is being Wcunen Under Attack mcreased. The Australian Union of Students is campaigning to publicise government CHiLDCARE EDUCATION and right-wing attacks on students. AUS Regional Women's Officer JULIE As part of its welfare cutting programme, While the Fraser government has not FRASER explains the reasons for the campaign. the Fraser government is replacing childcare said that education for women will be cut, The defeat of the "Pregnancy Bill introduced in early 1979 was an attempt centres with the Family Day Care Scheme. the reduction in education spenduig at Federal level to remove abortion from the From the government's view Family Day generally has affected women more than Termination Control" Bill was an Care is sound economic poUcy. It is 'in­ important victory for women, but medical benefits list. Through the active men. TTie cuts have hit women m two ways. lobbying of women throughout Australia visible' childcare, requiring no money spent Firsdy, there have been direct cuts to considering the treatment women get this bill was defeated. on buildings because it is carried out in female dominated areas such as teacher in our society, it seems there are many private homes. UtUe is spent on equipment, trainuig. Secondly, Uiere have been indirect more victories yet to be won. RIGHT TO WORK food or wages either - childcare workers cuts in that the tertiary uistitutions them­ But these attacks on abortion rights receiving an average as little as 50 cents an selves have responded to decreased funding ABORTION cannot be seen in isolation from battles on hour and no sick pay, holiday pay or by cutting back on programmes and areas in Tlie Queensland legislation is such Uiat other fronts Uiat are being waged against workers compensation. These women (child­ which women are heavily involved. women can be prosecuted under sections women. Those who are pushing hardest for care workers are almost always women) 224, 225 and 226 of Uie criminal code for the rights of the unborn foetus are also are also untrained, saving the government WOMEN'S CAMPAIGN demanding that women (especiaUy married the expense of educatuig them. Also they obtaining an 'unlawful' abortion, at Uie The Australian Union of Students is women) should not work, Uiat they are are not organised on an industrial level. 'Fertility Control Clinic' in Brisbane. This is organisuig a campaign through campus taking jobs away from Uiose who really the only abortion clinic operating in all of When women with children are forced womeii's groups around the theme need them - adult males and youth. As well Queensland. out of the workforce by government and collection of goverrunent and right-wing as government leading sections of business The C.I.B. investigated this clinic in big business policy, childcare centres will attacks on women. and Uic media have all jumped onto this 1979 but not knowing how to continue have been removed, leaving no empty The campaign will nut from the Ist- bandwagon. charges, handed their report to the Crown building to prove they ever existed. 20th September and includes a conference Law office for interpretation. There has It is not women, but the economic held in Melbourne on the 6th and 7th of never at any time been a test case on the recession and the growth of job-replacing PUBLIC SECTOR CUTBACK September as well as activities organised abortion law in Queensland and because of technology, which has caused the present Public spending can be slashed once by indhridual campuses, such as forums and this lack of legal precedent certain terms high level of unemployment. Apart from again if even the scant services Uie Fraser films and the distribution of leaflets, posters, within the law have never been adequately the fact that women work in a separate Government provides are undertaken within stickers, etc. defined e.g. 'preservation' and 'life'. Clinics job market from men, they work because the famUy by the moUier, aunt, or grand­ like the one in Brisbane are only operating of economic necessity - because of ui- mother. The money that has been 'saved' Hie campaign will attempt to make through a loophole in the law and Uicir adequate wages or pensions or because at the expense of working people can be people aware of how these attacks are closure and prosecution is a constant Uireat. they are divorced. (30 per cent of women used to encourage yet another multi­ affecting women, through campus activities In southern states there have also been who work are divorced). In 1971 82 percent national enterprise or to stock up on the and Uirough the media, so that women can attempts by governments and right-wing of women were employed in occupations latest war machinery. beg^i to discuss what is the best way to forces to push for more repressive anti- that were disproportionately female and With mcreasing cuts to welfare and oUier counter these attacks. abortion laws which will eiUier restrict or 77 per cent of men were working ui oc­ social services women are being hard hit. Become hivolved in this campaign deny women right to abortion. The Lusher cupations Uiat were disproportionately male. Combined wiUi a steady campaign to deny through your women's groUp on campus.

•16 .OUCRTDfl. WOMEN at JINIVERSIT Y

commerce, engineering, science and ar­ job in Engineering." The pressures on women and men last 20 years. In faculties such as Arts and In many ways Architecture is similar to Education, Uie ratio of women to men is chitecture. These predilections are changing to conform to society's career ex­ En^neering; yet more women are choosing stabilising around 1:1. In oUier areas like but not rapidly. pectations begin almost from birth. it as a career. Tlie percentage of women , law, architecture and science, Uicre have Professor Western suggested some reasons The attitude of parents to their new- enrolling in Uie Architecture Faculty has been significant increases of women but why women's career choices fall into certain bom baby differs subtly from male risen from 3 per cent in 1959 to 28 per \ the numbers arc still well below equal. areas: "The subjects that women do at to female child. Toys chosen often cent in 1979; a far greater increase than in i Tlic number of women studying engineer­ school aren't the ones Uiat let Uiem into Uie Engineering Faculty. This percentage is , vary: male children are more likely ing is very small;as is Uie number of men medicine perhaps, certainly science and growing every year. Professor Western said: • to have active toys like model cars studying speech, occupational therapy or engineering, with Uic same frequency that "There's a difference between Uie image and girls more likely to receive passive physio-therapy. men go into Uiose areas. You ask why that toys Uke dolls. is the case - there are several factors people have of Engineering and Architecture. Architecture is a sort of In 1959, 7444 people were enrolled at involved. Just the general sort of social This sort of variation continues at school. expectation that men do Uiosc sort of jobs. design-oriented dung; and Engineering is Uie the University of Queensland, 1611 were hard science. I Uiink Uiat's die image people In the hobby activities offered at primary women. The percentage of women enrolled There's the idea Uiat women aren't good school, girls are channelled into sewing and at mathematics, Uiey are channelled not have of Uiem, And Uie design-oriented at Universities has increased steadily since subject is maybe one that's seen as more cooking, while boys do woodwork and metal Uien. As attitudes changed, women came to into those subjects but into Uie soft arts work. Until recenUy many schools forbade subjects. Certainly some of the all-giris appropriate for women to go into. Also you realise that school was more than a diversion need to look at the prerequisites, of course." girls from studying woodwork, and boys until one was old enough to marry; and schools don't offer the same programmes. The Law Faculty saw a similar increase were told by teachers that only sissys sew. university more than a place to get an up­ And it's parUy Uieir own sort of aspirations; from nine per cent in As children grow older Uiese expectations market husband. Women began to become women don't see themselves, to Uie same 1959 to 30 per cent pervade the whole school curriculum. It aware that a career offered a different kind extent as men, as moving into science- in 1979. In boUi Architecture and Law Uiese was long considered more important for of personal fulfillment to marriage; and also based professions. Really what you are percentages are increasing steadily as more males to succeed academically, so as to have that the two aren't necessarily mutuaUy finding in the University is a reflection of women take up professions that are no a career and be able to support a family. exclusive. But the types of careers chosen what society is fike. Society is changing, longer recognised by society as solely male ; preserves. i Also it was expected that males could by women still tend to be Uie same. Women these sorts of positions are becoming more naturally understand maths and science; Open to women, so Uic University's changing This trend can also be seen in the while females coped better with the arts- but it's changing gradually." Medicine Faculty. In 1979 the Medicine type subjects. Engineering is probably the most extreme Faculty contained 54 per cent women. Today, Uiese assumptions are questioned, example of a profession dominated by one This figure is distorted by die inclusion of and yet they have influenced us all. At the ENROLiVIENTS AT UNIVERSITY sex. In 1959, there was one woman enrolled 'Uierapies' in that Faculty. In the actual tertiary level of education, as at other levels OF QUEENSLAND-1979 as a student in Uie Engineering Faculty. M.B., B.S. course Uiere arc 36 per cent of education, these attitudes have changed WiUi 495 men to cope with, plus Uie staff, women; a marked unprovement from Uie and are changing lo some extent; but not as Faculty Students % Women and probable incredulity from friends; she figure of 20 years ago. There are even quickly as many femuiists had hoped. most likely had a tougli time. Tlie number of rumours Uiat more women apply for Tlie Professor of Sociology at the Univer­ Agricultural Science 299 20.1 women enrolled in Engineering wavered Medicine Uian men but positive discrimuia- sity of Queensland, John Western, said: Architecture 258 27.9 between none and five until 1968 when tion is practised towards men, that is, 'TarUy the whole thing has to do with the Arts 5.890 59.0 the numbers began to increase sligliUy. women need a higher T.E. score to enter pattern of courses taken at school. Until Commerce/Economics 1,738 20.8 During that period the total number of Uie medicine course. very recenUy the retention rates of women Dentistry 342 18.7 enrolments was increasing. The growing In PhysioUierapy, Occupational Therapy, at secondary school have been lower Uian Education 2,272 47.2 number of women in Uie Engineering and Speech Therapy combuied, Uiere were Engineering 966 . 3.1 Faculty stabilised by 1974 at about 3 per 649 undergraduates in 1979, of Uiose they are for men. By retention rates I mean Law 767 29.9 the people who come into secondary school cent of 1,000 students. Still a practically students 48 were men. There are more men Medicine 2,107 52.9 becoming interested in the Uierapies as a and actually fmish it. Interestingly, now the Music 99 65.6 negligible number of women; probably retention rates for women are sli^Uy hi^er Science 1,969 33.1 still having a tougli time. profession, especially PhysioUierapy. And than they are for men ... hi Uie past, it's Social Work 438 75.6 "There is the other side of it, of course", yet, Uie percentage of men isn't great. A been women that hadn't completed Velcrinaiy Science 421 36.8 said Professor Western, "the side of die large number of women want to become secondary education so they couldn't have employers. Employers in a lot of areas, doctors; but few men see Uie 'Uierapies' gone on anywhere." would probably be more reluctant to as a career option. The various courses included in Uie Medicine Faculty are seen ., There are many more women enrolling employ women Uian men. Althougli I think often choose Uie supportive type of roles; that's changing, I think Engineering is as 'helping' professions; so many women at the University of Queensland. Statistics are attracted to Uiem. Men, on Uie other they choose careers in the paramedical regarded as a male sort of profession in die are only readily available from 1959 on­ hand, are possibly attracted to Medicine wards; but from these statistics one can profe^ions, in education, social work or Australian context, not so much elsewhere, see the changes that have occurred in the pursue the arts. Men choose careers in so women could find it difficult to find a (continued next page)

,19 SEMPER, 3 September 1980 .UniV6RSITV. US Qld Uni introduces HARTER $7200p.a. scholarships

Queensland University has taken the initiative in introducing scholarships FUOHTS which recognise the real living costs of full-time researchers. This conies as a boost for the morale ships are to continue, with only slighUy of postgrads suffering from much better conditions: eroded Commonwealth Awards, or no 1. Stipend S350.00 per calendar month government funding at all. However the (i.e. S4,200 per annum), an increase of CHMSIMAS success of the scheme depends upon $120.00. response from departments, since it is 2. 100 hours tutorial services, per year, largely financed from tutorship money. a reduction of 80 hours. DEPARTURES According lo Professor Zernei's pro­ The purpose of the Research Student­ posals there could be 25 Research ships scheme was supposedly to rectify the Studentships offered by departments that inadequacies of Uie Teaching Scholarslups. surrender a Group 2 Tutorship, with an Why then is Uie scheme to be continued, HIUNO FAST! extra 5 to be competed for in departments perpetuating as it does the substandard with one or no established tutorsliips. living conditions that the Research Student­ The conditions of Uie new scheme, ship seeks to alleviate? passed by the Professorial Board, 4th In view of Uie need for a realistic living ROOM NOW. August, arc: allowance, the Post Graduate Association 1. stipend S7,200 per annum or S600 (in the submission to the Post Graduates per calendar month. Students Committee and Joint Scholarships 2. 200 hours tutorial services, Committee recommended that the Research 3. 3 years with the possible extension Scholarship replace the Teaching Scholar­ of 4 years for PhD; 2 years with the possible ship, and in the interim the following extension to 3 years for Masters. changes to be effected: /K Sf UDENT 4. Enrolment as fulltime, internal 1. The 100 hours tutorial services to be student. paid at part-time rates, in addition to a 5. One-way economy airfare from inter­ stipend equal to the Commonwealth Award. state or overseas. 2. The stipend be tied to increases in The new scheme is cleariy an improve­ the Commonwealth Award. ment on the Teaching Scholarships since it 3. The duration of the Scholarship be can be assessed as S4,200 for fulltime re­ increased to three years with the possible AUITRAUA search and S3,000 for 200 hours teaching extension to four years. duties. 4. The restriction on earning supplement­ It is regrettable that important principles, ary income be waived. Agent loi Ihe •*** '^** established by the Commonwealth Award The submission also recommended that for fulltime postgrad research, have to tutorial services for both the Teaching Austtalian Union of Mudenif sacrificed when universities are forced onto Scholarships -and the new Research Student their own resources to provide the necessary ships be cleariy defined to include pre­ fulltime research scholarships. Tlie establish­ paration, marking, student consultation and ment of more University of Queensland administrative work. Since the amount of Research Scholarships (internal awards Uiat this work wUl vary from department to OUR WORLD-WIDE PURCHASING match die Commonwealth Award) would department, the Post Graduate Association be preferable, but as Professor Thomis suggested the recent FAUSA statistic of POWER ENABLES US TO OFFER stressed at a recent postgrad General 2.03 hours of associated work for every one Meeting, the Research Studentships are hour formal contact. The Postgraduate STUDENTS A WIDE RANGE OF the best that can be expected in the present Studies Committee might act as independent political climate. arbiter in cases of disagreement between LOW COST FARES, ACCOMMO­ Since the Research Studentships were student and department. designed to rectify the inadequacies of the -LEITH CAMERON DATION, TOURS AND INSURANCE Teaching Scholarships, it is with some Queensland University Postgraduate dismay Uiat Uie Post Graduate Association Organiser WITH A FLEXIBILITY UNIMAGIN­ greets the news that the Teaching Scholar­ ABLE IN THE RESTRICTIVE WORLD OF ESCORTED TOURS. (from previous page) people in the socio-economic heirarchy. Universities are retreats for sons and for slighUy different reasons. Being a doctor dauglUers of Uie upper middle class. To me UTILIZE OUR EXPERTISE TO MAKE is considered a suitable career for a man and Uiat's almost a hi^er priority Uian making one Uiat is financially rewarding; more so professional faculties more equally access­ WHAT YOU WANT TO DO IN YOUR than Uie 'therapies'. ible. I think, if you were able to do some­ Professor Western comments: "There are thing about Uie socio-economic composition VACATION HAPPEN. more men going into the 'therapies' now, of tlie student population you'd probably more men going into nursing and there are at the same time do something about the certainly more men going into social work sex ratios. now than there were ten years ago; but "Changes have 'to come in other areas of 50 High St, they are still very decidedly in Uie minority. society. Perhaps Uiat means in the primary Marginally because of some sort of dis­ and secondary system, so that there aren't crimination against them, M)ut more subjects that giris, so called, naturally do Toowong 4066. importantly because of the expectation and oUier subjects Uiat boys naturally do. of their peers in die course, and Uie ex­ If we arc concerned about breaWng down pectation of the staff, and the expectations the sex role differentiation in occupations of society in general, that Uiese are women's Uien it should probably come at Uiat level. Tel: 370 9486 3708056 occupations. And die expectations people have, that are "There should be a broadening in a built up through secondary school, have number of ways so Uiat professions are seen to be changed. as equally accessible to both males and "The system is changing; it's not changing Ulster Walk Arcade females; but Uiere also should be a broaden­ very fast but to a large extent die University ing so that die social composition of the is a reflection of what's going on in the University population changes. How do you larger society. When the larger society sees Cnr. Elizabeth & Edward do that? 1 dnn't know. Universities are very fit to make changes, then the University is much elitist institutions: they get 60-70 per likely to follow." Sts, Brisbane cent ot their students from 20 per cent of -ANNE JONES J '20 .FOOD.

By E.G. Hall KEEP 'EM FRESConsultanHt in Post-harves t Horticulture A Consumer's Guide to Buying and Storing Fruit and Vegetables

INTRODUCTION Wasted fruit and vegetables can be a drain on 5-7 degrees C. Outside Uie refrigerator Uiey Fruit and vegetables are not dead foods the budgets of student households. This article should be kept in the coolest place available. like bread and meat but are living things Uiat The colour of the skin is not necessarily breaUie much as we do, and they can be tells how to purchase and store fresh fruit and a good guide to internal quality. Late in Uie suffocated by being deprived of oxygen if season the skin of Valencia oranges com­ enclosed in a sealed, airtiglit container. After vegetables, to ensure maximum quality and storage monly 'regreens', but the internal quality harvest they are cut off from continued life. It is reprinted from a free CSIRO booklet, may still be good, and citrus fruits grown in replenishment of nutrients and essential more tropical climates may remain greenish water. These losses are not made up, so "Handling and Storage of Fresh Fruit and Vege­ in colour, alUiougli Uiey are fully mature. the produce is now perishable and at the Better guides to quality are skin texture and mercy of Uie environment; deterioration tables in the Home." weiglit; those wiUi a coarse, pebbly skin, and has commenced. wnich are light in weiglit, are likely to have Unlike humans the respiration and oUicr a low content of poor quality juice. There­ life processes of fruits and vegetables are fore, consumers should look for heavy fruit direcUy dependent on Uie temperature. with a fine skin, and avoid greenish oranges The lower the temperature the slower these and mandarins early in Uie season as Uiey life processes and Uie longer will fruit and may be sour. In general, smaller fruit wiU be vegetables keep after harvest. Nevertheless, juicier than larger fruit. if they are to be kept in Uie fresh state, the temperature must not be less than Bananas their freezing points, wluch are just below the freezuig point (0 degrees C) of pure To ensure safe transport, bananas are water. For most perishable produce the harvested while still hard and green. They • . • •v^^<•.•;/:••v^^:;> are then ripened or partiy ripened by ex­ lowest safe temperature for storage is Uiere- • • • • . -•.••"• •'.:.•:•;».• fore 0 degrees C. . . .•'.^» .' posure to ethylene under carefully con­ trolled conditions in special ripening rooms However, some fruits and vegetables are • :'•^'r::^y• at the markets. Apart from bruising, tiie chilling sensitive, wluch means they are eating quality of bananas depends ahnost damaged by prolonged exposure to entirely on the temperature at which they temperatures even as low as 10 degrees C. are ripened. The severity of cold injury depends on the Best quality is obtained by ripening at duration of exposure as well as on the temperatures between 18 degrees and 22 temperatiire. Short periods below 10 degrees degrees C, Tlie skin of Uie ripe fruit will C may be tolerated without permanent then be clear, bright yellow but will still damage. Bananas and most tropical fruits, be firm, and the pulp will be soft but not potatoes, sweet potatoes, pumpkins and mushy, sweet and full of flavour. manows, squashes, cucumbers and At temperatures much above 25 degrees zucchinis, tomatoes and capsicums are C Uie sldn remauis greenish, the pulp chilling sensitive. Bananas are very sensitive rapidly becomes mushy and die flavour is and the skin will rapidly blacken in Uie aoL. poor. At temperatures Uiat are much lower domestic refrigerator, where the temperature than 18 degrees C, ripening is also poor, the is usually 5-7 degrees C. skin colour is dull and greyish and Uie pulp remains hard and dry with littie flavour. Water Loss and Wilting Bananas are very sensitive to chiUmg: Fresh fruit and vegetables have a hi^ if put ui die refrigerator the skin rapidly water content and this essential water is blackens and, if green bananas are put in the rapidly lost by evaporation from their refrigerator, Uiey quickly lose ttieir capacity For home storage Grantiy Smith is Uie surfaces. The mean effects of water loss are essential controlluig part of the ripening to ripen to good quality even at favourable best keeper and will remain sound for a wilting and shrivelling. Water loss is rapid process. temperatures. If Uie fruit is ripe, alUiou^ long time if kept in a cellar or other cool in warm dry air and is increased by ex­ die skin blackens in Uie refrigerator, Uie place, especially in colder climates. cessive air movement. It is also very rapid Storage pulp will rcmaui in good condition for 2 or from leafy fegetables that have a very large Indoors, a walk-in pantry or large cup­ Maturity is Uie best guide to eating 3 days. surface area compared to their volume, and board can be kept cool if there is a space quahty when buying apples. If Uie base colour of the skin is a definite green they from smaU items with a tender skin such as under the fioor, by cutting a large hole in Pineapples Uie floor and anoUier one in the ceding. A will be immature, woody, sour and tasteless green beans, zucchinis and berry fruits. Pineapples do not improve or ripen after cunent of cool air will be drawn up from and will not improve much on keeping. If Fruits such as citrus and some apples have a harvest. They can be held for a few days at waxy skin, lose water and shrivel more under the house througji the pantry or the base colour of the skin is distincUy yellow the fruit may be very good for ordinary temperatures and longer under slowly. Wiring can be retarded by wrapping cupboard and out the top, provided that the cooler conditions by may develop chilUng immediate eating but will be no good for or packaging in thin plastic film or waxed door and any windows are tighUy closed. mjury at temperatures below about 15 paper or even, to a lesser extent, by The holes, say 25 by 25 cm for a pantry, keeping. A yellow-green to green-yellow degrees C. Whole or cut up fruit will keep wrapping in newspaper. Keeping the produce should be good circulation of air around ground colour indicates a fully mature, for several days in Uie refrigerator and pre­ in plastic bags is very effective but the bags large items such as cabbages and pumpkins. but not over-mature, apple and if it is also pared fruit freezes well, even without added should be perforated to avoid suffocation Overcrowding is particulariy bad in a re­ sound, clean and free from bruising it will sugar or syrup. of the fiiiit and vegetables. frigerator, since it results in poor air cir­ keep well. culation and, therefore, poor cooling of The colour of Uie skin is not a reliable guide to Uie maturity of puieapples. Fruit Ripening the contents. Gtrus Fruits Nowadays, most citrus fruits are washed, that is ready to eat will be yellow in winter, The ripening process is complex and not but ui summer may stUl be disUncUy yet fully understood. However, it has long FRUITS treated with a special fungicide and waxed before being marketed. Therefore they can greenish. If the inner leaves can easUy been known that natural ripening can be be pulled from Uie top, Uie fniit is usually Apples be expected to keep satisfactorily, retaining mduced by exposing fruit to very low mature. When buying puieapples, avoid Depending on Uie variety and degree of their appearance and flavour for 2-3 weeks concentrations of the gas ethylene. This is fruit wiUi water-soaked patches, obvious ripeness apples will keep for a long time, at room temperatures, unless the weather is the method used in the commercial ripenuig bruising or a beery smeU, indicating marked even several weeks, in the refrigerator. very hot. Lemons and grapefruit should keep of bananas, and they will not ripen quickly overripeness. and uniformly without gassing. Ethylene is Early varieties, e.g. Gravcnstein, and a lot longer Uian oranges or mandarins, and in fact they may improve in juiciness and produced naturally by all fruits as an Jonathan and Delicious, which ripen Tropical Fruit in General quickly, are best kept in the refrigerator to taste. The skin becomes deeper yellow Sn preserve Uiem in good condition, unless colour and thinner, and the juiciness AlUiough ripe fmit can be kept in the they are to be used wiUiin a few days. On increases during 'curing'. Except for this refrigerator for a few days, some flavouri s E.G. Hall was formerly a l.eader, Fruit and the sideboard is not a good place to keep curing of lemons, citrus fruits keep best in lost and unripe fruit will develop chilling Vegetable Storage Section, Division of Food the refrigerator where the temperature is Research, OS IRQ. apples or indeed any fruit. (continued next page] L SEMPER, 3 September 198Q • 21 (from previous page) All of these vegetables, especially the very and Beetroot) cold, cut pieces will often keep best m the injury if kept too long at refrigerator leafy kinds, because of their very large Bunched roots, because off tiie mass of refrigerator, where the cut surface should be temperatures. Therefore, in general, the surface area from which water evaporates, leaves attached to them,^have only a short allowed to dry out. However, if kept for safest storage temperature is 10-12 degrees wilt rapidly. Unless used quickly they should life and if they are to be kept for more than more Uian a week Uiey become chilled, C. At this, and higher ordinary temperatures, be prompUy placed in the refrigerator and a day or two the tops should be cut off. the tissues lose their resistance to attack unripe bananas, papaws, mangoes and avo- as soon as they have cooled Uiey should be Root vegetables are not sensitive to chilling by the ever present fungi, and rotting cadoes can be kept in sealed plastic bags put into the crisper, some other covered and topped roots will keep for several weeks develops. (of ordinary thin polythylene film) about container, or vented plastic bags for further in Uie refrigerator and for a few weeks in twice as long as when freely exposed, but keeping. To avoid rotting they should be any cool place, but will need protection Tomatoes they should be removed at Uie first sign fairiy dry when bagged. against drying out by keeping in vented Tomatoes are true fruits and v«ll ripen of ripening. plastic bags or well-lined boxes or othet to excellent quality after harvest ii Cabbages containers. At higher temperatures they will •they are mature when picked, and Grapes Cabbages keep best at 0 degrees C but sprout fairly quickly. •the temperature is right. Grapes do not mature further or ripen will keep for 2 to several weeks in the Ripe, or even firm ripe tomatoes cannot after harvest so they should be mature and refrigerator depending on whether the Potatoes be handled and marketed in the normal sweet when purchased. Definite green variety is an early or late maturing kind. At New potatoes, Uiat is potatoes Uiat are way. Therefore most tomatoes are picked coloration in white grapes and excessive higher, but stiU cool, temperatures, most not fully matured, have a Uiin skin, which in the 'mature green' or slighUy coloured red in black grapes suggest immaturity. state and complete their ripening off the To keep grapes fresh they should be vine. 'Mature green' fruit will have lost Uie promptly cooled in the refrigerator, put definite dull green colour of immaturity into plastic bags and returned to the and the skin will be fight to whitish green. refrigerator where they should last for up to The pulp will now be gelatinous with slight 3 weeks or longer, depending on the variety pink showing around the seeds. Fruit and initial soundness. harvested at an eariier stage will ripen but slowly if at all and to inferior quality. Stone Fruit The ideal temperature for the ripening of Peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums and JHI \W?XU' -7$Wi'lrc tomatoes is 20 degrees C but ripening will cherries are very perishable and, as they also be good within the range of 18 degrees to come in the warm weather, they ripen 25 degrees C, Uie ripe fruit being bright red and deteroriate rapidly at ordinary tempera­ and having firm flesh and good flavour. tures. It is therefore generally best to buy If Uie temperature during ripeningi s too low small quantities and eat them as they ripen. .7<-\ W- /. the ripe fruit will be pale and have a dry, Peaches, nectarines, plums and apricots granular texture and a poor, weak flavour. ripen well after harvest but must be mature If the temperature is too high the fmit when picked. Mature fruit will show no will ripen rapidly but will be yellowish, definite green in the skin, will show slight the flesh soft and the flavour poor. softening at Uie suture or base under light wi^MWfMmm'VM finger pressure and will be full and round in FRUIT AND VEGETABLES - shape. GENERAL Unripe fruit can be kept in the refrigerator for 1 to 4 weeks, depending on W vi t' 1 \\ Increasingly, fresh fruit and the more kind and variety, and then ripened. Ripe perishable vegetables are being kept in a cold peaches, apricots and nectarines can be kept \ V''-' ^ ''.i/ room attached to the retail store before for 2 or 3 days in the refrigerator, where r r^ \ being offered for sale. This cool storage is cherries will keep for up to 2 weeks. used to hold produce over the weekend or to hold lines bought in large quantity for VEGETABLES longer periods. Although it may have ...... warmed up appreciably, such produce will Very Perishable Vegetables often be wet with condensed moisture Many vegetables are very perishable and when displayed for sale. Unfortunately, will keep for only a few days to no more kinds will keep for a few weeks. Cabbages is easily damaged, and a higher moisture storage conditions in the coolrooms of the than 3 weeks under the best conditions for storage should be only lighUy trimmed content. ConsequenUy, they do not keep smaller shops are frequenUy inadequate and of storage. Most, including lettuce, silver- as, during storage, the outer leaves wilt and well. often the produce may, in any case, have beet, spinach, broccoli, brussel sprouts, become yellowish and must then be All potatoes must be kept in Uie dark. If been kept too long. As well as beuig wet it Chinese cabbage, rhubarb, asparagus, green removed. To reduce wilting it is an exposed to light they gradually become will often be limp, obviously not fresh and peas, sweet com and radishes are not advantage to wrap each head in thin plastic green and develop an associated poisonous, may also show signs of chilling injury. Such sensitive to cold and can be safely kept in fUm, waxed paper or newspaper. bitter-tasting, alkaloid, sonanin. When produce wUl not keep well and, if purchased, the refrigerator for up to 2 weeks. preparing potatoes for cooking, any tubers should be used as quickly as possible, Those Uiat are sensitive to chilling and Celery with pronounced greening should be dis­ bearing in mind the natural inherent keepmg keep best at 7-10 degrees C include green Celery has a short life at ordinary carded and any areas of greening on others qualities ouUined earfier. beans, cucumbers, coloured tomatoes, cap­ temperatures but will keep for 2 to 3 weeks should be completely removed. More and more perishable produce is sicums and zucchinis. They can be kept in in the refrigerator. If kept longer the stalks prepacked into plastic bags or plastic pver- the domestic refrigerator but generally for develop brown streaks and may become Potatoes are sensitive to chilluig - at wrapped trays for self-service or other labour no longer Uian a week. If kept too long in pithy and spongy. It must not be put into temperatures below 10 degrees C the starch saving selling, especially in supermarkets. the refrigerator beans develop a streaky plastic bags or the crisper while wet. Under gradually turns into sugar so that they Potatoes should be removed from plastic brown stain and/or discoloured sunken cool conthtions celery will keep for several become undesirably sweet and if fried or bags and placed in a strong brown paper spots; cucumbers develop sunken, water- days at ordinary temperatures if the freshly baked go dark during the high temperature bag, box or tray in a dark place. If other soaked spots and patches that often become cut ends of the stalks are placed in water, cooking. The lower the temperature the lines are put into the refrigerator as pur­ slimy, the fiesh later breaks down and the otherwise the bunch should be wrapped in faster this sweetening occurs. They should chased, and they are warm, Uie package whole fmit collapses and rots; tomatoes plastic or waxed paper. therefore not be kept in the refrigerator. will sweat and this free moisture inside will become very soft, develop rot spots and lose For ordinary domestic requirements, encourage rottuig. Therefore for best storage flavour. Root Vegetables (Carrots, Parsnips, Turnipspotatoe s keep quite well in a cool, dark the plastic should be torn or Uie produce place. removed before cooUng and put back into a Unwashed potatoes keep better than plastic bag or crisper after it has cooled those that have been washed and, mainly be­ down. cause of damage to the skin, those Uiat have been cleaned by heavy brushing do not keep well. POINTS TO REMEMBER The main problems in the storage of •Handle all perishable produce carefully onions are sprouting and rooting. Sprouting - any breaks ui Uie skm will allow deteriora­ increases with temperature and rooting, as tion and rotting. well as rotting, is encouraged by hi^ •Do not crowd stored produce, but humidities. Therefore in the home, onions ensure good air circulation. should be stored in a cool, dry place. •Keep leafy vegetables ui perforated plastic bags to slow down wUtuig and Pumpkins, Marrows and Squash shrivelluig, preferably in a refrigerator. In the home, well-matured and carefully •Keep potatoes in the dark to avoid handled pumpkms will keep for a few 'greening', which may be poisonous. mwH months in any cool, dry and airy place. •Apples, pears, stone fruits and straw­ On the other hand, marrows and squashes berries keep longest in perforated plastic vTpeClAll/Tr IN ROCK-aiMBINGr. CAVNO: keep only for a few weeks. bags m the refrigerator, but cool them MOONlAlNltPlNG: UOHTWElGrHf CAMPlMGr*^ Inunature pumpkins have a greenish, first to avoid condensation. softer skin, pale flesh and a greenish stem. *Dricd fniits keep best in die refrigerator. Both Uie eating quality and the keepuig *All fresh produce is temperature sen­ quality of immature pumpkins are poor. sitive and should be stored in the coolest As the growth of moulds is retarded by part of die house (if not in the refrigerator). I 21L mw^pmxMMiV' 22 MMMMMMMMMMMHMMMMHMNMIIMM

COiilDiKV •

"Ithouzhthe seemed depressed!"

nightmarish joke is depicted here in glorious, ghoiiUsh colour. More Uian half the cartoons in this book are executed (!) in pastel shades appropriate to the subject nlatter; people are depicted as gliosUy greys or sickly greens and there is crimson splattered all over the wallpaper. These plus the remairung hundred-odd black and white pieces all show Wilson's unique style and all the irdiabitants of his psyche are either pudgy and hairiess or shrivelled and wasted. Even landscapes and buildings Consider some of the subject matter have a disconcerting organic presence. from the 220 or so cartoons in this You may get Uie impression from that collection; decay, cannibalism, premature description that this book is not entirely a burial, blood and gore, decapitation, head- barrel of laughs, but the formula used by shrinking, slavery, suicide and paranoia. cartoonists like Gahan Wilson and, locally, Especially paranoia.. Patrick Cook and Michael Leunig, is one of Wilson strikes home at our hidden fears. visual irony, the disruption of the familiar Wliile doing so he simultaneously gives us by the totally unexpected, causing the a resounding whack on our funny bones. viewer lo either chuckle nervously or laugh His sense of the absurd is equal to his sense in genuine amusement. of the grotesque and macabre. Imagine an Gahan Wilson featured in a previous unsuspecting guest at an (almost) typical collection of cartoons entiUed "That's Not suburban barbequc, eageriy enquiring what Funny . . . That's Sick'.". Playboy's Gahan the main course was going lo be, while his Wilson is both funny AND sick. fellow guests eye him hungrily and the chef, Ideal reading for graduates of Grimm's wearing a "come 'n get it" apron, sneaks up Fairy Tales. .behind liini. Wilson already has, and Uie -MATTMAWSON "Harry, I really think you ought to go lo the doctor."

MMlMMMMMMMMMMMMMirMMI li MMI(MMM|MMMM«^«i|M|(l^11 ^ *mm SEMPER, 3 September 1980 -;-,t23 -music

tension can beguile very effectively. able in its American guise as "Boy's Don't effusive word games concocted by vocalist Songs about insect liberation, missing Cry". Nick Watkinson and guitarist John Adier. planes and the envy of semi-trailers lure you These masterworks are schoolboy essays in, till you're blissfully humming the melody The raw, sparse noise and urgenUy naive pushed by 'Brit pop' arrangements that of something like "Cannibal" or "Harmonic lyrics of the early Cure have been replaced borrow from more inventive bands like The Visions", unaware of their vastly more by a smoothed but still sparse sound and an Jam and, God help us, old pop masters like ambitious nature. (as yet) not completely convincing lyrical The Hollies. The perennial rock themes of That's a fault by the way. Somewhere in sophistication. girls, parties, lost love and romance are the gap between writing and recording Don't get me wrong. Both albums verge dwelt upon but rarely extended. some potentially great songs have been on greatness, as does the group itself, as I'm This album is misrepresented by the rendered inconsequential. Nevertheless this sure anyone who saw them at their recent single 'Back of my Hand'. If that song can record should please a lot of people, many Joint Effort appearance has been telling you be said to hold the key to The Jags ever even to the point of purchasing it. The enthusiastically ever since. being given a recording contract, then "Mentals" international ambitions may even Robert Smith, the songwriter and main 'Evening Standards' is a cynical attempt meet with success if their quirks appeal to force in the group, continues to display by Island records to squeeze blood from some influential imaginations in overseas his very individual and distinct control of an utterly fruitless stone. publications. the guitar, adroitly avoiding the pitfalls Genuine one hit wonders, I doubt, but I'd rather see what they db with this of technique overkill. After the replace­ if you liked the first single, wait for the stuff live. ment of the original bass player, the addition second one. It's cheaper that way. MENTAL AS ANYTHING: Espresso of a keyboardist swells the ranks of the Bongo imaginary boys to four. Fortunately the synthesiser is used discreeUy enough to Local hopefuls/worthies "Mental As maintain a pleasing balance with the guitar Anything" have produced another without overioading the simple song Australian great-white-hope with their structures. Smith's vocals have been mixed second album "Espresso Bongo". They are very low and overall the sound of the record contending in the international middle is subdued. weight division with a twangy modern sound, quirky lyrics and great packaging. The impression is of an album made The tastefully opulent pink marbled inner under the influence of a single drug rather sleeve even sports a series of grotesquely than the heady mixes which seemed to naive "new facial fashions" by cartoonist inspire the Cure's eariier output. Frank Littler, and that's entirely approp­ But don't delay, put yourself under the riate to the Mentals "Jonathan-Richman- influence of "Seventeen Seconds" soon. meets-the-sound-of-Sydney" worid. "Bongo" is undeniably pleasant but falls -DAMIEN LEDWICH well short of inspiring. Given the self- effacing lyrics, the subdued conventional music and the lack of vicious hooks in the tunes; "Mild Mannered" is the phrase that THE CURE: Seventeen Seconds. ..,•,-:.>;.;.,./:,.„'. leaps to mind. What the record undeniably This,-the second Cure album, is marked­ NAJT Now, the Vapors are an entirely different has though, is charm. If you approach it ly different from their debut 'Three sympathetically its sweet-pop lack of pre- proposition. Imaginary Boys" which is currenUy avail- Apart from anything else, Dave Fenton has a rare lyrical bent that makes even 'Turning Japanese' palatable. And his command of the strictures of song-styled- English proves a plus amongst the largely illiterate hoards clamouring for attention in the top 40 stakes.

^^k • Not only that, but careful attention to T^^^H^B^M^^^B.* ^9 detail by producer Vic Coppersmith Heaven ensures that this album is not just a bunch of potential singles like The Jags debut. "Cold War", "Trains", "Bunkers" and uqpor m ( "Letter from Hiro" match in style and depth the instant appeal of the UK single "News at Ten" and the Australian follow- THE JAGS: Evening Standards up "Waiting For The Weekend". (Island) This album is characterised by drums inion THE VAPORS: New Clear Days and bass over which the guitars are laced (United Artists) with subUe drive. 'Turning Japanese" is probaWy one of the most cluttered songs Two perfecUy fine pieces of vinyl, one of from the album. The rest demand, but will which is considerably nobbled by its lack of no doubt insinuate, further attention. any redeeming features. The Jags debut album 'Evening PHILCULLEN Standards' has some dire and dreadfully We carry a comprehensive range of second hand textbooks & the cheapest stationery on campus IAN AUCHI/ON t CO. m OUALITV WE ALSO PA Y CASH FOR SECOND HAND TEXTBOOKS - ^NWKlGEQUIPHtNT BRING THEM DOWN AS SOON AS PLU/ SEMESTER ENDS! rwr/. BAG/ m/m • (.mm • 11.

LOCATED DOWNSTAIRS IN THE STUDENTS UNION SHOPPING ARCADE AND GENERAL"CCE7/0R(E/ Phone 371 1510 42 DOUGLAS ST, MILTON. PHONE 36 0965

24 -fnusK. The Desperate Esperanto of Bop

Britain without so much as a by-your- leave. The songs/poems, perhaps, take a little time to come to terms with. The words are clever, quirky paintings of modern life, in particular Johi^ Cooper Clarke's. "Health Fanatic", "I Married a Monster from Outer Space" and "Valley of the Long Lost Women"; titles that are intriguing mask poems that are more intriguing, funny and 'meaningful'. The music provided by the Invisible Giris is largely the responsibility of Martin Hannet or Martin Zero as he often calls himself. John Cooper Clarke describes the music as an "aural backdrop". It has been called "disco/new music". It is more than a backdrop, and yet the poems stand on their ovjn, for that is the way they are usually performed. JOHN COOPER CLARKE: Snap, The first album is a classic. Unfortunate­ Crackle & Bop ly CBS didn't release it in Australia. A live John Cooper Clarke is one of the album followed called "Walking Back to most intriguing characters to emerge Happiness". This piece of 10" clear vinyl fronn the musical renaissance that was a bit of a throwaway; nevertheless it gripped Britain in the second half of contained some interesting material. the seventies. Unlike others riding Happiness made it obvious that John the "punk" bandwagon to fame, Cooper Clarke needed musical accompani­ ment on record. This album v/as not re­ JCC was 30 and far too old to be leased in Australia earlier. considered one of die kids. He'd been In June this year a hot rip was floating around Manchester for years playing around the music promorions scene - John in forgettable bands. Cooper Clarke in Australia soon - maybe even July. "I was in a band with me cousin Sid on It can only be presumed that this was maraccas and harmonica - it got us out of the reason for the release in Australia of the Bo Didd-a-ley mode. This was in a group "Snap, Crackle & Bop". One hopes that called the Vendettas. I used to write the CBS will see the light and release the songs. They all had the same tunes. But it previous two. The tour hasn't eventuated, ail just kind of stopped. The lead guitarist but at least there is "Snap, Crackle & Bop" got married and moved, and me cousin Sid for consolation. There is an unconfirmed got engaged. I had a surfeit of material - all report-that JCC has another album out these songs - so I just started reading since "Snap, Crackle & Bop", called "Ou them." Est La Matson De Fromage" on the in­ JCC dependent label, Rabid, but who knows? him, where people go when they die. And now, on to "Snap, Crackle & Bop" pathetic to the poetry and fascinating in "Conditional Discharge" is a poem which "A chance encounter on a bill with the and the meaning of life. John Cooper its own right. Rumour has it that the is very relevant to the young people of Buzzcocks had him rapturously acclaimed Clarke's poetry is like an Electric Prunes Invisible Giris have produced an album with by the punks in the audience, appreciative record played backwards; in it somewhere today; it's about venereal disease. John Pauline Murray (formerly from Penetration) of the bitterness in his winding words, is the meaning of life or at least the illusion. Cooper Clarke said that it is a "protest which will be something to hear. surprised by the rhythm of his inimitable All the tracks are good; probably the song". One criticism of "Snap, Crackle & Bop":. delivery, glad of the light relief. Reputation greatest is "Beasley Street". Beasley Street "/ 'm in the dark about where I got it. ^^ with the English pressing of the album was snow-balled; a 'punk poet' was sure of is the place where "even the rats have Conditional Discharge, sticky deposit." included a small booklet The booklet con-, attention and coverage," said the NME rickets". It is a bleak poem about the tained the lyrics to songs from "Disguise in Love", difficult to understand the logic Book of Modern Music. bleakest place in the worid; Beasley Street It is pointless to go on listing the tracks but there was one bonus, a poem that So John Cooper Clarke's appearance is the dirriest, most boring, vilest place and commenting on them; each one is doesn't appear on either album. It is called was sudden. His first album "Disguise in oiie can imagine. "Easy, sleazy, queasy, excellent and intriguing. It takes several "Ten Years in an Open-Necked Shirt", Love" arrived in the record shops of beastly Beasley Street"... listens with some tracks to work out what Unfortunately this booklet was not included they're about. But the battle is well worth Other greats on "Snap, Crackle & Bop" with the Australian pressing. It's possibly it. are "Limbo", "Conditional Discharge", worth buying the import copy for this On "Snap, Crackle & Bop" the Invisible "Sleepwalk" and "Evidently Chickentown". reason alone. Part of the poem is printed Giris .are the Cheese Nightmers are Martin In "Limbo" John Cooper Clarke's Catholic below. upbringing becomes obvious; it is about one Hannet and Steve Hopkins. As usual this TOM JONES aspect of Catholic mysticism which intrigues team has produced music that is sym­ -JONES DINNER THEATRE

I'RESENTS Otto Oreckstrasse was the bastard offspring of barbarism was prevented fast food outlets. Clad in the slum chic of the Count Ludwig only by the spiritual guidence ofSheba and Rex hipster he issued the Elaine Lee Drechstrasse (the lard mogul) and Tracy. Tlie who were in- slang anthems of the nip age in the desperate Count died of self-inflicted stab wounds three devout Catholics... esperanto of bop. Turn On weeks before the birth, and Tracy, four months later, perisfied alone with her sapphires, The world of language proved hyper-accessible to John Cooper Clarke, the name behind the hair­ The Heat the victim of a man- the lad, even then style, hisses through liy G.M. ai..ASKIA'. mau-mau hit squad leaving Otto with the one he was no stranger to the written word. There had the teeth of priests through impossible rooms on A dramatic study ofa woman's intrigues, thing that money can't buy - poverty. been day sat home the crazy loneliness and despair, suggested by (he when a high wind would festoon him with random pavements of the nouveau-riche. Hacking through last hours of tlie life of Nlarilyn Monroe. Atone year old he found himself alone in a post­ information: the hi-fi jungles of Directed by FRANK BADEN - POWHLL war landscape of flattened streets patrolled by bus tickets and timetables, bankrupt magaziim, true happiness - ah, happiness, that contemptible "Extraordinarily powerful, a son of aimless amputees. He was adopted by yesterday's papers, fife-goal of illiterates... grand giiignol of the mind" West Austtjiian Slieba and Rex. a pair ofalsatians with whom he obsolete menus, the throwaway stuff of the teen j Dine in style and enjoy tlie play lived for the next market •.. What's going on behind the green door without moving from your scat. eight years in an art deco cocktail cabinet on a the Watusi is it or not DINNER and THEATRE S12.80 whalley range bomb //e changed his name to John Cooper Clarke after the condition oI admission is a haircut Students and Pensioners $ 11.30 site. Discarded chips and chewing gum were the the man who a Tony Curtis or what Limiled Season day to day diet of invented headaches. He embarked on a meaningful from Sept. ltd. Bookings ,: 36 0555 the sub-savage dog bay whose reversion to tour of Britain's So it's goodbye from us til now.

SEMPER. 3 Seotember 1980 25 i»m Tmr.

Need for some recognition aside; what is works of artists, particularly some of the Persor}al Statements Michael Richards work about? more avant garde people. You get com­ "My work is very personal. I think very ments like: my child can do that, or a much in terms of personal expression. The It's hard to believe, but Brisbane has a good^ized community of struggling monkey can do that. But the fact is that same thing goes for my writing, in drawing unless you spend 40 or SO hours a week young artists. Perhaps it's an unfoiseen benefit of high unemployment: rather and in my photography. They're all very thinking about and looking at paintuigs then than pursuing a job that they are not really interested in, many people are personal statements. It's very much a matter you can't put your judgement against trying to establish themseh^es as artists. Many of them are surviving without of trying to come to grips with the wodd someone who does. Even if at first ^ce, having to rely on the Department of Social Security. around me. I'm developing a personal their work might seem to be very shallow Recendy an exhibition opened at the philosophy and this search is largely re­ or empty. Brisbane Community Arts Centre entided flected in my work. I think a parcel of my "Works by Eight". Ei^t of Brisbane's work would provide a fairly good auto­ "I think reading into works is dangerous young artists have mounted an exhibiUon biography. To me it's very much a matter because you can always read things diat diat is intriguing and quite exciting. The of searching and developing a philosophy. aren't there. You never know that your Paddington Galleries also have a policy of I believe diat if I'm any good, 111 be learning reading in what die artist intended you to encouraging young, "unknown" artists. as long as I live. I don't ever expect to read. I believe quite firmly that works of These two exhibirion spaces seem certain develop a particular style of work or to have art don't have meanings at all. The meaning of unearthing a lot of talent. "made it" in any sense. Because essentially is always in the mind of either the person One of the artists exhibiring m the that's to die. I will always either be going on who looks at them or the person who did "Works by Eight" show was Michael to new things or further in depUi into some- it, not mtruisic to the work. The important Richards. Michael's works stood sUghdy diuig. thing is to be fairiy open-minded and to a apart because of his use of photography. One, a monochrome work cicvcriy blended drawing and photographs: a drawing of a beach with photo^phed people sitUng on -.... — • "'liA it and rocks which suddenly emerged as a . - -;• •* R ii' photo ofa body. •" • -yxr- •i^k^. Michael began his working life as a professional photographer in various parts h 'ti^'AjT" of eastern Australia. He ended up on the ^^^~'V*^-i Sunshine Coast working as a sales manager for a building company: ". . .that was an done that it will allow me to start douig all time low, bul it was the thing that turned some of my own work. I've done very little me against what I was doing. My sister gave lately, I haven't even been able to afford to me this book for my birdiday and diat was buy film. I spent eight days working as an the thing Uiat jarred me into doing some­ arrist's model just recendy. You've got to be thing, I decided to become another Vincent prepared to take whatever you can get. Van Gogli. "I try not to think about selling my work "So I started learning to paint gum trees at all now. I don't expect ever to be able to with one of Uiose gum-tree-painters. After make a living out of selling work. I tliink to a while I grew out of diat phase. I decided do that is one sure way of degenerating into that rd have to move to Brisbane and go pot boilers and gum trees, and you never to Kelvin Grove College. I went there for get oui of it again." two years and did an associate diploma of Despite Uiat, Michael Richards believes the Visual Arts. Tve been drawing, print- that it is very important to exliibit one's making and writing since then. work. Not to sell it but to get feedback: "I did almost no photography for two "Wlien you're young and immature, it's years, but lately I've been taking quite a lot particulariy important to get feedback even of photographs. 1 had an exliibition of if you don't take any notice of it. It is photographs last year. I'm doing a little bit important to show people what you're of commercial photography now, just select doing and to get some sort of reaction. "My best work at the moment is my large extent to rely on intuirion and to jobs to keep myself going. I'm trying to gel As you become more mature and more photography and it's not the sort of thing avoid being too literal. That's the biggest recognised lo the extent where I'll get more aware, then you need that less and less. that people respond to very much. They're difficulty in our society; we're an ex­ tutoring work. I'm tutoring in photography "1 exhibit mainly because I want feed­ too interested in "coffee table" imagery." tremely literal community. We always at the Brisbane Art School in Spring Hill." back. But also I want the recognition, Is one of the problems for artists in want to know what Uiings mean, what they To put it mildly, it is difficult to support mainly so Uiat I can get more tutoring work Brisbane a lack of educarion in visual are and attempt to be fairly analytic^ oneself as an artist. Only die "big names" to stay alive, A degree of recognition is fairiy imagery? about it." are really able to live by selling their work. important unless you're going to isolate "Yes, the general public is very un­ So with those words in muid, it is wordi Most of the others have to make money yourself and live in the bush for the rest of sophisticated visually; but I don't know that seeing Michael Richard's work. The "Works through the ancillary activiUes like tutoring. your life like Fairweather. If you're going to we can blame Uiem for Uiat. And you can't by Eight" exhibirion is still showing at die Even then it is hard to survive. live in Uiis community Uten you can't really single out Brisbane, because the same prob­ Brisbane Community Arts Centre and should "I'm just living. I'm considerably in debt do it wiUiout some degree of recognition lem is everywhere. It's very easy for continue for some time. wiiich I'm gradually working off. Wlicn I've that will allow you to continue to exist." members of die general public to rubbish the -ANNE JONES •BOOKS.

POLITICS IN QUEENSLAND - 1977 AND BEYOND: Edited by M. Cribb role. Few people realise how talented and accomplished Dr. Murphy is. His article and P. Boyce. University of Qld Press: 1980. documents die crumbling nature of the Queensland Branch, and in an indirect Peter Boyce and Margaret Cribb, by Colin Hughes, dien professor of poHUcal manner points to die convulsions which both of the Queensland University science at St. Lucia. It sampled public were to follow after he submitted his paper Government Department, have edited opinion on the images of the political to the editors. twelve articles of the 1977 state parties and on the importance of various Journalism students and media freaks election, redistribution, and a couple political issues. will delight in John Wallace's "Reporting of by-elections. This sort of book Whip, Western and Cass contribute the Joh Show: The Queensland Media." should be pubUshed after every state another splendid article on "The Wallace explains die moronic nature of and federal election. Assembling a Electorate and Voting, Issues and Political die local media and hence the ease with group of articles is much easier and Knowledge" largely devoted to a local which Bjelke-Petersen manipulates it. It is a problem of decentralised population plus possibly more insightful than writing tcsUng of die famous Kemp Hypothesis of the declining importance of class as a a subservience to the dictates of southern a book of similar length (in this case determinant of voting behaviour. The Kemp media barons. ^^mmBJz. 300 pages). diesis did not test very successfully in the Margaret Cribb's concluding article Queensland polirics can only benefit Queensland environment. Given the nature "Stability and Change" points out that affluence and endless propaganda, is cleariy from serious academic analysis, gjven the of state poHrics I suppose this is not sur­ Queensland politics has changed UtUe in on the decline. Abolition of die electord intellectual poverty of our local media prising. the eleven years since Colin Humes' "Images zoning system and introduction of equal and the consistent ignorance of the The campaigns of Uie diree parries were and Issues" was published. I disagree. The electorates would reduce its parliamentary soudiem media. Hence Whip, Western and covered in some details. Denis Murphy's A.LP. has appreciably declined and the party to football team size (and that's not Cass' "Images and Issues Revisited" is the article on die A.L.P. campaign manifested Liberals have progressed. Public opinion counting reserves!), possibly even to cricket best in the ccdlecUon. It is in die manner his utter command of Labor history ui this is much better informed if still distressingly team dimensions. soporific. The National Party, despite its of the 1969 publication "Images and Issues" state, and his dynamic view of die A.LP.'s -JOHN DREW

26 T=^^fSiMTKrt C y^r.A'i'^ / -t , ..- •^^M^t^^rtJW^^-mrM.^mt^k «- «.»« «-«iar*fl4M>i'% £-w.,-?SSWVSUUMFiV JT mig4-»-• i »H4mmwMHwi't'i.'iiBi.mL».ujn.iJn.^'»»*amn.'»-«M-iu-*« -T-r^if

ALL THAT JAZZ: Directed by Bob Fosse, starring Roy Schneider. Regent ^ng,DarK:e, Heart Surgery miEntertainmen t Centre.

You either like Bob Fosse movies movies you'll love Uiis for the higli quality or you hate them. His "all singing, of the dancing perfomiances, and die all dancing" epics - with heavy musical numbers. They are as professional message thrown m - are not every­ as you'd expect a Fosse cast to be - if a body's idea of entertainment. little derivative. Most of his movies are well choreographed and well executed, and he Mind you, his last big film, "Cabaret", has borrowed from the other films pretty won 2 Academy Awards, critical acclaim, blatantly (there are bits of "Cabaret" all and a tidy profit to boot. He must be over Ihe place). doing somctliing right. Now -nFosse has Everybody is trying to pin Fosse down released anoUier film in the same style, and about tlie similarities between himself, and picked up anoUier swag of awards. lead character Joe Gideon, played by Roy "All That Jazz", winner of four Academy Schneider, owner of the most famous blood­ Awards and die Best Film award at Cannes shot eyes in Uie business. Gideon is busy is not for Uie faint-hearted. A number of choreographing a show (like Fosse's the audience - there for die songs and the "Chicago"), and putting together a very late, high kicks ~ left the cinema in a hurry when overbudget comedy film (like Fosse's there, as Gideon hovers 'twixt Ufc and Fosse is admitting noUiing - but then real live open heart surgery scenes were "Lenny"). death', allowing Fosse to spend about 45 the BeaUes denied everything nasty about splashed across die big screen. For a man wlio isn't known for either minutes in dream sequences, concluding "Sergeant Pepper". Anyway, if you don't However, if blood doesn't turn your singing or dancing Roy Schneider is very with the overiong, overdone "Bye Bye faint outriglit al Uie blood, and don't find stomach, or you don't mind closing your good indeed. After drinking, dmg taking Life". Yuk! Obviously Fosse himself hasn't musicals totally unbearable, you're going eyes for a bit, "All That Jazz" is a good film. jnd screwing around the inevitable heart died, but it doesn't prevent him from killing to enjoy it. If you enjoy die old Hollywood showbiz attack gets him. Sadly the film slows up off Schneider, and upsetting the audience. -KJAZ PERRY Hollywood Dollar Strikes Back Simply, Uie Empire continues the story dazzling visual effects. worUi seeing for Uiemselves alone. Students of tlie rebellion left off in Star Wars follow­ Luke is shown as a still reckless, yet of stop-motion animation as a SFX method ing the destruction of the DeaUi Star. More constantly maturing young man who is will be pleased lo know Uiat the art is not importanUy, it follows the adventures of faced with a deadly task. Solo is the roguish gone. The taun-taun, and Walking Tank the diree major characters, Luke Skywalker, soldier-of-fortune with a propensity for sequences rival even the best work of Ray Han Solo, and Leia Organa as Uiey try to getting into trouble and out again with Harryhausen. lead Uic rebellion against an oppressive equal ease. The princess is stiU fiercely in­ To add to the experience, there is the empire. Hounding them at every turn is dependent but she does have a heart. Even magnificent sound track of Jolm Williams' DarUi Vadar, surely die greatest villain ever Chewbacca, the Wookic, has a more life­ which is a work of art in itself. Tliey all add seen on film. Tlie Uirec are trapped and like persona. up to make die best sequel film seen in a ultimately face their respective destinies. long time. Unlike Star Wars Uiough, diere is no happy, The robotic comedy duo, R2-D2 and Tlie Empire is rated NRC. Deservedly fairytale ending. C-3P0, are in Uie diick of it once more, so, because there are some not-so-pretty but a new character, Yoda, very neariy scenes in it. It won't stop the kids thougli. Full credit must go to director, Irvin steals the show. Yoda is Uie Jedi master to However, if you are lucky enough to fight THE EMPIRE STRIKES BACK: Keishner for die work he has done on Uie whom Luke is sent to learn the ways of your way througli the screaming hordes, Empire and die creations of George Lucas. do so, it's well worUi the effort. Hoyts Regent Cinema 3 the Force. An aged imp-like figure only 2 Kerslmer, whose previous screen credits feet tall, Yoda is performed by Frank Oz One more thing by the way, student "The Star Wars saga continues", include "The Retum ofa Man Called Horse" of Muppets fame and must be a master­ discounts do not apply to that particular so the adline goes. But it also matures and "The Eyes of Laura Mars" has suc­ stroke of boUi' casting and characterisation. cinema i.e. number 3 at any time during Uie and grows. "The Empire Strikes ceeded in transforming a sci-fi fantasy into The lessons leanit in special effects from day or night. A nasty and inconsistent twist Back" is the long-awaited sequel to a gripping sci-fi drama. He has given dimen­ Star Wars were well remembered by the on the part of Uie Hoyts management, as George Lucas' sci-fi lut "Star Wars", sion to previously comic-book-like SFX crews. Tliey are noUung short of Uie discounts apply to the odier three and is currently playing at the newly characters, and put them in a plot that is so brilliant! The numerous flight scenes boUi cinemas. renovated Hoyts Regent. well drawn that it even supersedes the in space and on the ice-planet are well -PETER ADAMS

confound you more and succeeds." "Eraserhead" is described in die Crystal programme as: "The story concerns a printer named Henry Spencer who gets a woman Formidably Foetid pregnant and marries her. After die birth, she (caves lum. He has a sexual encounter wiUi a beautiful woman who lives across ERASERHEAD: directed by David Lynch, Crystal Cinema. Uie hall in lus apartment building." From 4-10 September, the Crystal Cinema, Windsor, is presenting one of the But that description fails to give any most startling movies ever made. It is called ERASERHEAD. ERASERHEAD true indication of what die film is was made by a young American director called David Lynch with money from actually about. Probably because the fdm the American Film Institute. With this small amount of money, Lynch made a can only be interpreted in a very personal brilliant movie and "infested the whole with his formidably foetid .way. It is difficult to know how to react to the "baby", a hideous mutant whose imagination." mewling pervades the whole film. And what are die fleshy little monstrocities that drop Leaving the cinema after seeing certainly an extraordinary film. But it looks to the ground throughout Uie film? Arc "Eraserhead" gives die unpleasant sen­ as if it may need defending more from the they wonns, or intestine or umbilical cords? sation of waking after a bad dream. hyperbole of its supporters Uian from die The setting is in a bleak factory area or is "Eraserhead" is often described as a horror blasts of its detractors. it near railway yards: with all die movie; but it doesn't shock like "Alien", "In truth, its real revelations are not Uiat accompanying industrial noise. And there frighten like "Halloween" or tuni you off many. But the very fact that you can't easily is Henry's escape worid behind the old showers like "Psycho". U is disturbing, categorise it does give a certain value of steam heater inhabited by a woman with and the unease can last for some time. surprise and shock. The conventions of enormously fat cheeks. Derek Malcolm in his review for 'fhe whatever kind of fdm you diink it might Guardian said this: Tlus probably isn't die right way to become are so quickly upended that in die convince anyone to see "Eraserhead". It "David Lynch's first feature, praised by end Lynch's own description - 'a dream of is not a film to see for an evem'ng of liglit Newsweek as 'die most original horror movie dark and troubling things' - seems die entertainment. It is a film to see and accept in years' and by Michael Auerbach as 'a easiest, and most precise, way out. Wliat on its own bizarre terms. It offers a different revelation; the wedding of experiment and you have to say, like it or not, is that there's someone who really believes it, and to back worid. tradition, surrealist painting and film, a real filmmaker behind it, bold enou^ to humour and black, black tragedy* is use black and white widi the confidence of the visuals with a soundtrack that seeks to - JONES

27 SEMPER. 3 Seotember 1980 ~ir4^ .am. Wur'as ^ectack APOCALYPSE NOW: Directed by Francis Ford Coppola, starring Martin Sheen and Marion Brando. Hoyts Regent Enfertaiiunent Centre, When Francis Ford Coppola visited dirough the explosions the camera remains Australia last year, he caught a good steady and in control") with a sound track of deal of publicity by saying "War is hysterical madness (Wagner's Ride of the beautiful" - a surprising statement Valkyries. Ed.). One can't but be impressed from the director of a film called by the scene's logistics and style and at least "Apocalypse Now". revel goodheartedly along with Coppola's He then went on to say that the epic vision wluch must have been enormous fun nature of war, the vastness of its spectacle, to conceive. die arising feelings of comradeship etc., Certainly this fluid knowing overview made war, Uke fire, as compelling as its panders to one's own conceit of intelligently result is rcpeUant. This magnetic equation orchestrating time, money, materials and had to be understood before any progress people all for a good reason, all to a mag­ could be made. "If war was completely nificent effect. As I sat blinking at it all in repellant," argued die American, "it could Hoyt's Regent 2, "Apocalypse Now" was and would never exist". compelling as daydreams are compelling, as Similarly his film "Apocalypse Now" posing in front of a mirror with a guitar is is most compelling as a spectacle ~ a treat compelling, as coming to have power and and decided to incorporate it in his latest, modem wars are usually portrayed by those for eyes and ears used to more mundane control is compeUing. most worthwhile epic. not fighting in them as concepts of drama, experiences. The effect of $30 million spent However, the odier side of this sensation As well as some really excellent semi- whether glorious or horrific, rather than to captivate the senses is beguiling - the is a sort of limp repulsion, certauily not a documentary footage (e.g. the recreated processes of breaking down or rather than five or so dollars paid to the Regent's cashier psychotic or gut repulsion that being shot at napalming), Coppola has Brando under red the scattered inversion of everyday be­ not ordy puts one in one's relative economic is, for "Apocalypse Now" despite its klieg lights quoting T.S. Eliot, narration by haviour. If Coppola wants madness, he place, but is like buying Victory War Bonds technical brilliance is still only a film, Michael Herr, and a symbolic structure should turn his cameras on his audience, for the senses. without die chaos, mundanity or bleeding based on Conrad's "Heart of Darkness". just as if we want good dramadc enter­ tainment we should see "Apocalypse Now", As spectacles go "Apocalypse Now" is that accompanies conflict. Coppola's sym­ The "evd" and "horror" examined m well made. Money has been lavished on fihn bolic structure which g^ves the spectacular the film are nothing more than dramatic -ROSS WILSON hardware, which is to be expected, and mteUigence is repelling in the way diat concepts. The Vietnam War and other behind the camera talent which is less usual, one's old essays read again today are some­ coming togedier to maximum effect in a what slippery. number of die film's giant set pieces; the What Coppola said in earnest can later PARDON MON AFFAIRE: Directed by Yves Roberts. French dialogue with most famous of these being the helicopter be seen to be naive, conceived outside ex­ English subtitles. Schonell Cinema. raid on a Vietnamese village. perience, inspired by ideas gleaned from an In this scene the camera fluidly follows a author who had a completely different set The most outstanding feature of fleet of choppers to the target area, then of experiences. French comedies is their uncanny records from a variety of angles the village's It seems that Coppola, master showman, ability to fill large numbers of cinema and villager's destruction, intcrplaying this expert in Hollywood's sldlls, suddenly took seats. Pardon Mon Affaire (1) and' incredible fluidity of fight and shade (even the Hterature of a liberal arts course to heart Dear Inspector were both huge suc­ cesses for the Schonell. And now a sequel to Pardon Mon Affaire promises to repeat the performance. Pardon Mon Affaire 2 returns to the rOU Will. ALWAYS SEE THE misadventures of the four mates (if that term can be used to describe Frenchmen) - Etienne, Bouly, Daniel, and Simone. TTiis time the dapper Etienne suspects his wife CITY'S BEST of having a secret affair. Considering his childish infideliries in the previous film, one can only hope this is the case. His absurd CIHIEJU/I attempts to catch her in the act form the basis of this film's rather feeble plot. Simone, the sexually ambivalent Daniel, and the womanising Bouly. Theirs is a very Like its predecessor PMA 2 has plenty AT THE SGOMl THEATRE mde relarionship - only among themselves of laughs. The very French humour is a do they feel relaxed, away from the women -^M^P^jfi^ "Hooke'Hooked on the lemptfeslempiress who FROM THURS 11th SEPTI welcome change from the more usual ,* '^ ' ^9^^ drives men wild,thiw>ld ..this weird,erotic American and Brirish varieties. But un­ who prowde so much joy and frustration. and exlrcmcly explicit Mm TO SAT 20th SEPT Etienne's loyal friends are able to share his isldSCinaiing'L(,,v%;,v.vs fortunately the laughs do not come often enou^ to disguise the fdm's vacuous plot. dismay at Marthe's apparent disloyalty, In PMA 1 the story was much more in­ while at the same time aiding his own ^.^v-' f ^^1 THERESA PUSSEIL teresting, in Dear Inspector it was almost infidelities. These scenes highlight the sexual u< engrossing, but in PMA 2 it is just an excuse double standard that still survives m western to string together some funny sequences. society - wives are expected to stay faithful In spite of this shortcoming Pardon Mon while their husbands stray. BADTWrJO *s^ Affaire 2 seems sure to succeed. The acting For those who have never seen a French is poUshed and the roles played by the four comedy, Pardon Mon Affaire 2 is worth a men compliment very well - the prim and try. And for those who enjoyed the pre­ aiKMiT.va»UHIiW*H proper Etienne, the hypochondriac doctor decessor it is worth the retum trip. SUNDAY 14th September 4.30pm -TIM LOW 4.30PM SUN 21 SEPT

pCHARD MOVIE-MOVIE In the second movie, an ageing Broadway promoter battles against all odds to put out BURTON Schonell management is mystified SUNDAY 14th September 9pm a final show before his predicted death. at low attendances for the recent After watcMng the performance from the screening of "Movie-Movie". A wings, he collapses on stage and in his last 7PM SUN 21 SEPT brilliant spoof on old-time Hollywood 2£jL_ minute muses, "One minute you're in the »Ijii MARIA films, "Movie-Movie*' is one of the wing?, the next minute you're wearing SCHNEIDER funniest films to come out of America them." SUNDAY 21 September gpm in years. The director Stanley Donen Botli movies are flawlessly directed and INS€flT^ has crammed every Hollywood cliche acted, and the stage sets in the second movie Richard Drsyfuss a Hollywood director Diislin into two short stories which combine are dazzUng. The constant barrage of puns of tin silent era, now down on hh luck lh>frmiin in an old style double bill. and cliches are almost overpowering, and the with the birth of the telkiu. and reduced ,\ i- ••. I ••• overall effect is far superior to that other to miking portio films — but, as he layi,' ,VuHieP9rnne!_ The first stoiy follows a poor New York with dignity. Hollywood spoof, "The Man WiUi Bogart's youth who takes up boxing to save enough Face". money to send his kid sister to Vienna for [STUDENTS <^ I • CQPcn MOVll an eye operation. Just as he is about to hit "Movie-Movie" will retum to the the big tune, his corrupt manager orders him Schonell in a few months; hopefuUy it will to "take a dive" in the fifth round. then get the audiences it deserves. -TIM LOW

^ with an enigmatic smile gave her a type of mystic land. I started to worry. Was it me.'' Was I presence. When asked about the rent (T.E.A.S. becoming paranoid? The final crunch came when and other "welfare" recipients will understand) wandering into the kitchen I found a pile of ANA5TA5IA she explained that money was no problem. That clothes hung across the room. Jeans, jackets, was it, she could have the room. batik wrap-arounds, silk tops and T-shirts. She couldn't do this. That night at a house meeting by Mark Creybn The first concrete evidence of Anastasia's with five of tlie supposed twelve people who presence occurred two days later, when attempting wander the corridors of the house I demanded (found under a First floor window to read "Ulysses" for the 120lh lime (the assign­ she be told to go. "Paranoid", "selfish bloody somewhere in Toowong) ment's due date was approaching) I noticed a middle-class", "fascist", and "so!" were hurtled prayer wheel and other assorted religious para- at me from every comer of the room. _ .It's Monday morning. Vivid remnants of last phenalia scattered around the living room. Since I decided I would have to tell her myself. Two night's nightmares accumulate in my already nobody else mentioned it, I let it pass. Then a hours later I found her setting up her collection of cluttered consciousness. Julie screams at me that couple of days later, while attempting to find any­ Bach across the bathroom shelf. she'll leave if 1 kick her out of bed one more time. one who could explain, even slightly, Steven's "You can't do that" I screamed. The wind is blowing rustically through the broken theory of Hamlet (Ulysses once again), I found She turned and smiled. panes and tlie house lurches in demented rhythm. myself tripping over the "Complete \Vorks of "Please there is just not enough room," feeling Two weeks ago I was mildly unstable, now I'm a Tolkein", the hard bound edition. As the days a combination of fear, anger, frustration and heal- wreck. She has to go! She arrived one night just as went by, more and more items appeared in the ness. I \vas about to attempt "Ulysses" for the 119th corridors and the rooms: books from Marx lo "Oh yes, I can. It's my house too" and on time. The rest of the house's habitancy were either cosmic encrg>', records of the Royal Indonesian speaking turned and disappeared into the corridor. stoned, out, or in some form of sexual or spiritual Gamelan Orchestra, enormous hangings and rugs That was last night. encounter. She told me she'd come to see the and numerous utensils used in the study of cos- She has to go! I'll go and see the others now. room. What room? They said on ZZZ... Oh, that molog)'. How did I know all these items were It definitely is not me. room. Very small, I explained. Didn't matter, she hers? Because, somewhere, on each thing, was said. She took the room. the name Anastasia in thin gold lettering. I can't get out. There is a tea-chest blocking my Anastasia, her name was. Tall, lean, even I still hadn't talked to Anastasia except for the way. The door! It's jammed! My god, what will I emaciated; with hair resembling washed out straw. night of her arrival. Only seen her drift along a do. I hear footsteps. I can just see through the She had a soft distant voice which induced the corridor or vanish into a room leaving the image crack. It's her! She's smiling at mcl She's put a effect of having chosen her words very carefully of her smile like something out of Alice's Wonder­ bloody great Philodendron in front of my room. from some distant astroplane. All this combined I'm trapped....

Ihe Innoce n[ The Secrel: Life of there has been a call for total automation of the church system the bishops are all wearing bullet proof vests the dome is held Pioneer Car 5lereo/ up by the singing from the choir light tears Have you ever stapled a stereo toyour under­ in through the armour glass windows the carriage? computer system checks denomination charity The Vince Welnicks of this worid bolt them on is an enforced labour camp the prayer books They see that life without a loud undercarriage are cigarette papers burning candles and Is like broken pews smoke out the arches cattle His fat, pink hands, A Stonefruit without a stone, truck compartments where the condemned kneel By applying pressure to the suckers neck — Or a kidney without nephrons. offering nothing receiving nothing but the transformed this useless consumer You see music of the boy soprano who sings the music into ten pounds of protein; Vince Wclnick is a truce pioneer. to hold back the sky. to eririch his bonsai. -Damien B. Kelly —Peter Anderson -Damien B. Kelly

SEMPER, 3 September 1980 29 .THeHTfte-

be put off: with a little German and a lot something that Monty Python humour is of concentration on visual acUvities the play based on. isn't hard to follow. For those fluent in Marko Pavlyshyn and the Misch Masch y\ Box of Wor^ German it will be an opportunity not to be crew have done an excellent job in trans­ missed. lating this humour to tlie stage. The setring German theatre has always been a long is a collage of materials and technology. Student Theatre is breeding outrageously in the Cement Box under the way ahead of its English language counter­ The Roman busts which were lost/stolen/ Schonell. In August there were 8 student groups casting, rehearsing or perform­ parts. For starters, German Theatre didn't borrowed from the Cement Box several ing. It is excellent ^at the presence of a well-equipped little tfieatre space on suffer the prudery of the Victorian Era weeks ago were returned (Thank Cod!). or the epidemic of overpoweruig lounge- Throughout much of the dialogue, campus has stimulated the interest of so many students. room domestic rubbish. In opposirion to a chooks can be heard in the background. strong and typically German theatre style You'd better come to tlic play and find Three of the plays currently under door". It covers a wide political and social there developed a modern comic style which out what that means. production will open in Sydney at the spectrum of situarions, incorporaring lots of is amazingly sophisticated and imaginative The best touch however, is the capitalist Festival of Australian Student Theatre humour and high speed pacing. by internarional comparison. of the play who appears in an assortment (FAST) held this year at the Narional *"Bromo" by Ann Sinclair (Arts of capitalist costume symbols running from Drama Institute's home in the University student). "Romulus the Great" by Frederick the Roman Empire to the present day. of NSW. The Festival promises to be At the first reading the production team Duerrnmatt is a humorous and fanciful Don't miss it, "Romulus der Grosse" from successful with student dran^a groups from was cracking up all over the place. With the treatment of the last 2 days of the Roman September 5-7. all states participaring. Queensland discipline of playing this script without Empire. It deals with the effect that Finally, I think it should be recorded University, which hosted the festival last humour, the audience are sure to be rolled that "Jacques" presented by the Lunchbox year, has an enormous contingent of 30 out of their seats. Theatre Co. in August must be amongst the students going down to perform and par­ All the plays will be performed at the best student theatre produced in the last ticipate in tiie training workshops. Cement Box. after the Sydney escapade. couple of years. The large audiences at all The plays presented by Queensland In addition to the activities of the two performances indicates riie quality of the University are: student drama groups, UDI and Lunchbox entire show. lonesco, the playwright, is a *"My Home, My Island, My Crypt" Co., there arc a couple of Departmental classic absurdist. Absurdism is a weird style by Dan Flannery (Arts student). groups producing plays in the Cement Box. TItMtn. St Uda. of theatre dealing with abstracted human Tliis is a play about a woman who refused In October a new Philosophy theatre group feelings and failings. This one is particularly to be relocated when Cribb Island was are producing "The Cell". It is pleasing diat relevant to students as its theme is the being reorganised from a residential are-i to students from departments at the University invisible historical events have on in­ suppression of imaginarion to the demands a new wharf complex. In the producrion we are extending from coursework to an dividuals who are thinking that they are in for conventions by elders. lonesco illustrates have abstracted some of the political com­ associated fun activity. This can serve to control. his argument in this play by sending up the mentary to a theme of rape. The circle of break down the anonymity of studying in The most exciting thing to me about situation, Jacques is eventually made to say liglit which demarks her house, for in­ the Arts faculty and elsewhere at UQ. German Theatre is not so much the themes "I love potatoes in their jackets" which is stance, is also represented abstractly as her The most exciting event in the Cement dealt with but the skills of comic production the punch line of the play. body. Box calendar in September is the perform­ which have since been adopted irito other Student productions are generally on at *"Stagedoors" by Harry Gariick (English ance of a German language play by Misch cultures. German humour seems to be bent I o'clock during semester. Watch out for Department, UQ). Masch, the only German language theatre on the incongruous, rather than the US style poster advertismg and don't miss the enter­ This a play of many short, sharp scenes, company in Queensland. The drama isn't of slapstick and misfortune and the English tainment. the central character of each being "the dubbed and there aren't subtitles, but don't one of awkward situations. 'Incongruity' is -BARBARA ALLEN

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PC-1211$146.0 0 UNION SHOPPING 3 H III F" ARCADE 370 9817 Cassette Interface CE-121 $20.00 a 30 TeacherTraining Cuts Unjustified Enrolments in the Diploma of Education at Queensland University have been gradually lack of alternative employment oppor­ declining shice 1974. This year there are only 173 students enrolled ui the course, the tunities for teachers. They make the numbers havuig declined by about fifteen to twenty per cent each year from 382 in 1974. assumption that this situation will continue at least untU 1990 and fail to take into This situation^, of course, is not peculiar secondary or technical classes with over 25 account the effect on wastage of the possible to Queensland University and merely reflects student was 60% in Queensland - the worst future introduction of permanent part- what is happening to teacher training at the of any of the states as the table below time teaching and eariy retirement. If the other institutions in Queensland and indeed shows. T.E.C. has understimated wastage by only around Australia. In its report of August, one per cent each year from 1979 to 1990, 1978, the Tertiary Education Commission CLASS SIZES IN SECONDARY/ properly. The state government decisions 21,600 more teachers will be required. wrote: TECHNICAL SCHOOLS, BY STATE to cut back on teacher employment are According to Simon's paper, the T.E.C, By the early 1980s universities and largely economic ones designed to cut costs assumes that 95 per cent of all teacher colleges should be devoting significantly Percentage (%) of secondary/ because of decreased education funding graduates will be available for employment fewer resources to teacher education. The technical school classes with coming from the federal government. They, as teachers. This is obviously far too hi^. Commission expects institutions and over 25 students in.no way, reflect the real needs of the Many people domg teacher education State authorities to plan for permanent schools. There is, in fact, already a shortage courses have other careers in mind. The reductions in the volume of resources Australia 47.8 of teachers in Australian schools and now T.E.C, also assumes that unemployed * devoted to teacher education; it would N.S.W. 57.4 some researchers predict that there will teachers will continue to hang around not wish institutions to develop addi­ Victoria 31.1 be even greater shortages by 1990 because waiting for the Education Department tional teacher education courses merely Qld 60.0 the cuts to teacher trainee intakes have been to call. Thousands of unemployed teachers as a means of maintaining enrolments. S.A. 56.0 far too drastic, find alternative employment each year and In some cases, particularly in the college W.A. 55.3 Simon Marginson, in a recent paper for are lost to teaching forever. Others go sector, reductions in the numbers and Tasmania 38.0 the U.S.T.A., wrote: overseas to help out with teacher shortages size of institutions may be necessary. N.T. 46.3 Even allowing considerable margin for in countries that cut back too severely on All states have seen a decline in enrolments ACT 40.7 error, population projections show that teacher training five or six years ago. in teacher training and many colleges of school numbers will rise again at the end The 1960s saw the import of many advanced education have been threatened The same survey found also that there of the decade and the depleted training teachers from Canada and United Kingdom with closure or amalgamation. In some were hundreds of thousands of children in system will be unable to fulfill school's because of the disastrous shortage of states enrolments have declined because of need of remedial help in reading, maths needs. More significantly, the projections teachers in Australia. The recent cuts to government decisions to reduce intakes. and migrant English who were not receiving on teacher supply and demand contain teacher education are not new. Such cuts In .other states, students have not enrolled it. Large class sizes obviously militate the both policy and methodological assump­ have already occurred three times in because they know that their chances of provision of such assistance by the classroom tions which tend to under-estimate the Australia's history - every time there has getting a teaching job aie not good. The teacher. Once again, Queensland's record demand for teachers and over-estimate been an economic riecession. The supply fact that there were at least fifteen and a was the worst. According to the survey the potential supply of teachers. and demand arpment that the governments half thousand unemployed teachers in 69.5 per cent of students perceived by He points out that the Tertiary Education are using to justify cuts to teacher training Australia last year has been well pub­ teachers to need extra help in remedial Commission is cutting back teacher supply and employment is a smokescreen to hide licised. Governments are claiming that we maths were not receiving it, while the figure to a minimum leaving absolutely no room their miserly attitudes to education funding. need fewer trainee teachers because of a for remedial reading was 61.4 per cent. As for even a small error. It is very easy to make The smokescreen will become very thin declining birth rate and because, they any Queensland teacher knows, it is very such errors and in fact the Austrahan mdeed when planeloads ol overseas teachers claim, teacher training institutions pro­ difficult to get remedial assistance for the Education Councils did so in 1978 when begin arriving around the end of the decade. duced an over-supply of graduates in the many children in desparate need of it, they underestimated primary enrolments early to mid-70s. In Queensland, the simply because the Education Department in the same year by 1 per cent - a small References Education Department decided three or does not employ enough remedial teachers amount, but it represented 19,000 students four years ago to reduce the number of to go around. and 900 teachers. 1. A.U.S. Submission to National Inquiry teachers in its employment, claiming that Cleariy then, there is plenty of work Into Teacher Education. October, 1979. there were actually too many teachers for Simon also points out that the T.E.C. for the thousands of unemployed teachers has made some rather wild guesses about 2. Australian Education Council, Supply of the number of children and that Queensland to do. Neither can there be any justification and demand for Teachers in Australian had a very favourable staff/student ratio. factors which influence the future supply for the very severe cuts to teacher training of teachers. Two of these factors are Primary and Secondary Schools 1978- The Australian Teachers' Federation that have occurred recently, while classes 1985. 1978 National Survey of Conditions in wasteage rates and graduation and avail- are still so large and there are so many abUity rates. The T.E.C. have claimed that 3. Marginson, S. Creating a Teacher Schools certainly belies these claims. The students who will leave school illiterate, Shortage: The Projections of Teacher survey found that the proportion of the proportion of teachers who retire or innumerate or unable to speak English resign will be very low, partly because of a Supply and Demand. July, 1980.

WORKSHOPS Death by Laurane Buchanen, Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays experience", "End" featuring the 12 September, The Montessori between 5 and 20 September, Doors, plus "Hendrix; a tribute" CLOWN WORKSHOPS: Find Method, a demonstration and talk Enquiries 370 1812. from 1-13 September. Followed your clown 18-21 September at by Elsie Richter. 19 September ARTS THEATRE: "What the by a week of various films in­ workshops at 60 Waterworks Rd., Belief - Why? A discussion. Butler Savu" by Joe Orton, cluding "Reefer Madness", Red Hill, Cost is $50 for four an English black comedy. Playing "Sympathy for the Devil", days. Enquiries 289 0128. MUSIC until 13 September at 210 Petrie "Metropolis" and an evening with Tee., Brisbane. Charlie Chaplin. LECTURES REDGUM: Triple Zed presents XTC, MAGAZINE & FLOWERS: ember at the Caxton Street HatI, Redgum with support band, a Concert at Festival Hall op 19 Petrie Tee. Admission $3.50 and CINEMA FESTIVALS HUMAN POTENTIAL MOVE­ jarz band a films at the QIT September. Tickets available from $2.50 concession. It is a fund MENT: A series of ongoing refectory on 5 September for booking office, $8.90 & $7.90 raising event for the Campaign CRYSTAL CINEMA: "Eraser- CLOSEBURN SPRING lectures on the philosophy of $4and$2.50(2ZZsubs.). (ZZZ subs,). Against Nuclear Power. head" (see film reviewsl; Triple FESTIVAL: . -' are invited to Gurdjieff at the Brisbane Com- MICHAEL FRANKS: Concert OAYBORO MUSIC FESTIVAL: Zed presents the premiere 4 participate in thi lestival which munitv Arts Centre, 109 Edward at Festival Hall, 18 Seplnmber. Featuring Matchbox, Bale 'Em THEATRE September, $3.50, $2.50 ZZZ is to be held at Closeburn Gallery St., Brisbane on Wednesdays at Tickets available from booking Up Bush Band, Rantan, the subs, and $2 students. Season on 27 & 28 September, Markets* 7.30pm. Enquiries 370 7711. office, $10.90 and $9.90 (ZZZ Lemmings, Dave and the IGNATIANS MUSICAL continues until 10 September. live music, Morris dancing, THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY: subs.1. Spectators and many more on SOCIETY; "lolanthe" by Gilbert Foliwoing "Eraserhead" more puppets, film, chess, art ex­ Lectures every Friday, 8pm at SONNY TERRY & BROWNIE 27 September. and Sullivan, directed by Rod Memorable Double Bills. hibitions and a bb q For further 355 Wickhatn Tee., Brisbane. 5 MCGEE: Concert at Mayne Hall BUSH DANCE: With Bale Wellings. At St. Ignatius Hall, ALHAMBRA MINI-FILM information phone 38 2207 (after September, The Other Side of on 19th September, 'Em Up Bush Band on 19 Sept­ Kensington Tee., Toowong, on FESTIVAL: "Free: the rock 4pm) or 285 1321.

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SEMPER, 3 September 1980 31