CEN CWA 15526
WORKSHOP March 2006
AGREEMENT
ICS 01.020
English version
European Network for Administrative Nomenclature
This CEN Workshop Agreement has been drafted and approved by a Workshop of representatives of interested parties, the constitution of which is indicated in the foreword of this Workshop Agreement.
The formal process followed by the Workshop in the development of this Workshop Agreement has been endorsed by the National Members of CEN but neither the National Members of CEN nor the CEN Management Centre can be held accountable for the technical content of this CEN Workshop Agreement or possible conflicts with standards or legislation.
This CEN Workshop Agreement can in no way be held as being an official standard developed by CEN and its Members.
This CEN Workshop Agreement is publicly available as a reference document from the CEN Members National Standard Bodies.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
Ref. No.:CWA 15526:2006 E CWA 15526:2006 (E)
Contents Contents 2 Foreword 5 Executive summary 6 Introduction 8 1 Scope 9 2 Normative references 10 3 Abbreviations, terms and definitions 11 3.1 Abbreviations 11 3.2 Terms and definitions 15 4 Conformance 17 4.1 Conformance level 1: “organizational cooperation” 17 4.2 Conformance level 2: “technical cooperation” 17 4.3 Conformance level 3: “advanced technical cooperation” 17 5 Study 18 5.1 Introduction 18 5.2 Questionnaire 18 5.3 Sources 18 5.4 A few possible synergies 20 5.5 Data 23 5.6 Study of technical and operational solutions for existing activities 32 5.7 Outline of potential future technical and operational solutions 34 5.8 Study of the feasibility of extending the activity into other fields of terminology35 6 Network development 36 6.1 Introduction and terminology 36 6.2 Usage scenarios, goals and user groups 36 6.3 Requirements for the operational ADNOM network 41 6.4 Requirements, principles and guidelines for long-term operation of network 42 6.5 Design and operation of ADNOM 44 7 Initiation of network operation 50 7.1 The long-term operational network 50 7.2 The long-term ADNOM network – technical aspects 50 7.3 The long term ADNOM: network of organisations 55 8 Metalanguage, metaterminology, and principles 58 8.1 A functional ADNOM metaterminology would have to guarantee 59
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8.2 The metaterminology registry should 60 8.3 ISO/TC 37 Terminology and other language and content resources 60 8.4 Conclusion of this chapter 61 9 Federated registries 62 9.1 Scope of the chapter 62 9.2 ebXML registries 62 9.3 Requirements for technical cooperation 63 9.4 Requirements for advanced technical cooperation 64 9.5 Prototypical implementation [informative] 66 9.6 Registries and repositories [informative] 67 10 Recommendations 69 11 Annex A – Survey responses 70 11.1 Austria 70 11.2 Belgium 72 11.3 Èire 78 11.4 Denmark 80 11.5 Estonia 81 11.6 Europe 83 11.7 Finland 84 11.8 France 87 11.9 Germany 89 11.10 Greece 93 11.11 International 94 11.12 Italy 100 11.13 Netherlands 104 11.14 Norway 107 11.15 Poland 109 11.16 Sweden 109 11.17 Switzerland 113 11.18 United Kingdom 113 12 Annex B – The IATE Project – An Overview 116 12.1 IATE – A Single Terminology Database for the European Union 116 12.2 The IATE Data Structure 117 12.3 IATE in Figures 120 13 Annex C – KÜDES - CST - COTSOES 124 13.1 VIBLI 124
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14 Annex D – Codes and terms used in ADNOM 128 15 Annex E – ISO/TC 37 Terminology and other language and content resources 142 15.1 ISO/TC 37 142 16 Bibliography 153 17 Annex F – Conference declaration 155
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Foreword This CEN Workshop Agreement (CWA) is developed by the CEN/ISSS Workshop “European Network for Administrative Nomenclature” (WS-ADNOM). The production of this document was formally accepted at the Workshop kick-off meeting in Brussels on 15 April 2005. Several versions of this document have been made available for WS-ADNOM members for comments, with two formal internal commenting rounds starting on 15 September 2005 and 15 October 2005 respectively, and a public commenting period starting on 8 December 2005 and ending on 7 February 2006. The CWA was approved by CEN/ISSS Workshop ADNOM at its plenary meeting in Brussels on 14 February 2006, with the provision that comments received and comments presented at that meeting be adequately attended to by the Project Team. Members have verified that this is the case, and the CWA has been formally approved on 23 February 2006. WS-ADNOM at the same meeting decided that a follow-up project shall be initiated with the purpose to develop a second CWA which in more detail would give recommendations regarding technical, practical, and operational aspects of the planned future ADNOM network.
Acknowledgements The document has been prepared by the ADNOM Project Team: Élisabeth Blanchon, EILA – Université Paris 7 Gabriel Hopmans, Morpheus Software (Léon Oud, Conclusion ICT)1 Annelies Glander, Universität Wien Marc Wilhelm Küster, Fachhochschule Worms Marc Wilhelm Küster has been Project Team Coordinator. In his capacity as Chairman of CEN/ISSS workshop ADNOM, Professor Gerhard Budin, Universität Wien, has contributed greatly to the work with the CWA. In addition, the following experts have in particular contributed to the work with the CWA through formal submission of comments: John Clews, who regrettably died in November 2005, before the completion of the CWA; Jan Roukens, NL-TERM; Katja Hallberg and other experts at Terminologicentrum TNC in Sweden; Véronique Kaddouh, Ministère des Affaires étrangères, France; Maren Kresse, Auswärtiges Amt, Germany; Karl Wessbrandt, Verva, Swedish Administrative Development Agency. The Secretary of the CEN/ISSS workshop ADNOM, Håvard Hjulstad (Standards Norway, [email protected]) has coordinated the editing of this document. This CEN Workshop Agreement is publicly available as a reference document from the National Members of CEN: AENOR, AFNOR, ASRO, BSI, CSNI, CYS, DIN, DS, ELOT, EVS, IBN, IPQ, IST, LVS, LST, MSA, MSZT, NEN, NSAI, ON, PKN, SEE, SIS, SIST, SFS, SN, SNV, SUTN and UNI.
1 Léon Oud left the project in July 2005. He was not replaced by another expert. His tasks have been finalized by other members of the ADNOM Project Team.
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Executive summary
Mission Statement ADNOM – the network for administrative nomenclature – is being created as an open and distributed registry of collections of terms that enable European citizens to navigate more easily in their own languages in public multilingual information databases, eGovernment systems, and eServices. ADNOM makes use of current eBusiness standards and technologies (such as ebXML and Topic Maps), thereby contributing to the implementation of semantic and organizational interoperability between information systems in eEurope. Understandable terms are the key to accessing, acquiring, and organizing knowledge. ADNOM is to provide web-based referral mechanisms to link heterogeneous information systems to each other by using multilingual, terminological metadata schemas, taxonomies, and nomenclatures.
Goals • Implementing a framework for Semantic Interoperability across domains and languages in Europe. • Applying high quality and standards-based terminologies in order to reach precision, efficiency, and transparency within and across eBusiness, eGovernment, eHealth, eLearning, eCulture, eScience, etc. processes and systems. • Solving the following problems: lack of accessibility to high quality resources in many domains and languages, diversity of coding schemes and data organization Æ lack of interoperability (syntactic, semantic, pragmatic) across existing databases. • Taking into account that cultural differences across language communities and domain cultures are sometimes so strong that citizens as well as experts are lost in dynamic communication situations Æ administrative and legal language is the best example. • Identifying, describing, and using terminologies organized and used for multiple purposes, in the form of dictionaries, databases, thesauri, classification systems, nomenclatures, taxonomies, ontologies, indexes, term lists, etc. • ADNOM will provide a coherent methodology for modeling, mapping, presenting, and accessing such resources in the context of the emerging European Interoperability Framework and in line with – and contributing to new – European and international standards (ISO/TC 37, JTC 1/SC 32, etc.). • Implementing the envisaged approach: federated registries based on ebXML and Topic Maps implementations, metadata standards, terminology mark-up framework. Semantic richness/complexity is managed and visualized and not eliminated.
Deliverables described in this CWA document: • A survey on existing administrative nomenclatures and similar terminological resources in Europe as well as on the organizations managing these resources. • A procedural methodology with principles and recommendations.
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• A demonstrator showing the implementation of the ADNOM approach (ebXML + Topic Maps (XTM) + ISO 16642 + ISO 11179 + other standards) (will be operational online by the end of April 2006), showing the “ADNOM Seamless Knowledge Core model” with federated registries, navigation services, etc. • An emerging organizational network of relevant institutions (stake holders) and integrating existing networks. Concrete examples on mapping administrative nomenclatures are contained in clause 6.2 of this CWA. The business models for implementing ADNOM have to take into account Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) of the stake holders. Public Private Partnerships (PPP) between relevant institutions will offer appropriate value-added services from the ADNOM network.
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Introduction This CWA was prepared by a Project Team appointed by CEN/ISSS WS-ADNOM in May 2005, this CWA being one of the deliverables requested. A general Mission Statement for ADNOM is the following: ADNOM – the network for administrative nomenclature – is being created as an open and distributed registry of collections of terms that enable European citizens to navigate more easily in their own languages in public multilingual information databases, eGovernment systems, and eServices. ADNOM makes use of current eBusiness standards and technologies (such as ebXML and Topic Maps), thereby contributing to the implementation of semantic and organizational interoperability between information systems in eEurope. Understandable terms are the key to accessing, acquiring, and organizing knowledge. ADNOM is to provide web-based referral mechanisms to link heterogeneous information systems to each other by using multilingual, terminological metadata schemas, taxonomies, and nomenclatures. The aim of WS-ADNOM is to establish and maintain a network between European government translation units, terminology organizations, etc. with the purpose of developing and disseminating European Administrative Nomenclature, built as far as possible on the basis of existing networks and resources. Administrative Nomenclature includes names and closely related terminologies that designate specific items for which no exact correspondence may exist in other countries and languages. Some typical examples of these items are: names of government administration offices, organizational charts, job titles in public administration, school system terminology, terminology relating to taxation and social welfare. The practical scope of Administrative Nomenclature has been studied, as well as the feasibility of extending the activity into adjacent fields in the future. Following the recommendations in this CWA, a long-term ADNOM network is planned. See also Annex F (chapter 17), being a declaration adopted by an international conference held in Brussels on 1 December 2005.
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1 Scope This document gives guidance on the planned establishment of a European Network for Administrative Nomenclature and the formation of a long-term ADNOM network in the form of a consortium. Technical, terminological, and organizational aspects of this network are discussed. Some of the deliverables requested from the ADNOM Project Team relate to the development of software and a demonstration web-site. These deliverables form an integral part of the CWA, but are not contained in this document.
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2 Normative references The following International and European Standards are referenced in other parts of this document. Other standards of interest are listed in the Bibliography. ENV 13710 : 2000 European Ordering Rules — Ordering of characters from the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic scripts. ISO 639-1 : 2002 Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 1: Alpha-2 code. ISO 704 : 2000 Terminology work — Principles and methods. ISO 860 : 1996 Terminology work — Harmonization of concepts and terms. ISO 1087-1 : 2000 Terminology work — Vocabulary — Part 1: Theory and application. ISO 3166-1 : 1997 Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 1: Country codes. ISO/IEC 10646 : 2003 Information technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) ISO 12620 : 1999 Computer applications in terminology — Data categories ISO/IEC 13250 : 2003 Information technology — SGML applications — Topic maps. ISO 15188 : 2001 Project management guidelines for terminology standardization. ISO 16642 : 2003 Computer applications in terminology — Terminological markup framework. OASIS : 2005-05-02: ebXML Registry Services and Protocols, Version 3.0 [RS]. OASIS : 2005-05-02: ebXML Registry Information Model, Version 3.0 [RIM]. OASIS Published Subjects Technical Committee Recommendation, http://www.oasis- open.org/committees/download.php/3050/pubsubj-pt1-1.02-cs.pdf CWA 13988 : 2003-04 Guidance information for the use of Dublin Core in Europe CWA 14855 : 2003-11 Dublin Core Application Profile guidelines CWA 14856 : 2003-11 Guidance material for mapping between Dublin Core and ISO in the Geograpic Information domain CWA 14857 : 2003-11 Mapping between Dublin Core and ISO 19115, “Geographic Information – Metadata” CWA 14858 : 2003-11 Dublin Core Spatial Application Profile CWA 14859 : 2003-11 Guidance on the use of metadata in eGovernment CWA 14860 : 2003-11 Dublin Core eGovernment Application Profiles CWA 15245 : 2005-04 EU eGovernment Metadata Framework CWA 15246 : 2005-04 Guidance for the deployment of the EU eGovernment metadata framework
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3 Abbreviations, terms and definitions 3.1 Abbreviations This list of abbreviations contains most country and language identifiers used in this document. Other identifiers may be found in ISO 3166-1 (countries) and ISO 639 (all parts) (languages). A CST – Conférence des services de traduction des États européens (see AA – Auswärtiges Amt (DE) COTSOES) Acaterm – Associació Catalana de CWA – CEN Workshop Agreement Terminologia (ES) D ADAE – Agence pour le Développement de l’Administration Électronique (FR) da – Danish (ISO 639-1) AETER – Associacion española de DANTERMcentret – Danish Centre for terminologia (ES) Terminology (DK) AIT – Associação de Informação DC – Dublin Core (see MMI-DC) terminologica (PT) de – German (ISO 639-1) Assiterm – Associazone Italiana per la DE – Germany (ISO 3166-1) terminologia (IT) DGLFLF – Délégation générale à la ASTTI – Association suisse des langue française et aux langues de traducteurs, terminologues et France (FR) interprètes (CH) DIPF – Deutsches Institut für AT – Austria (ISO 3166-1) Internationale Pädagogische C Forschung (DE) CEN – European Committee for DK – Denmark (ISO 3166-1) Standardization DUSA – Délégation aux Usagers et aux CEN/ISSS – CEN Information Society Simplifications Administratives (FR) Standardization System E CH – Switzerland (ISO 3166-1) EAFT – European Association for CLEISS – Centre des Liaisons Terminology Européennes et Internationales de EE – Estonia (ISO 3166-1) Sécurité Sociale (FR) EFNIL – European Federation of National CNDP – Centre national de Institutions for Language documentation pédagogique (FR) EKI – Eesti Keele Instituut (EE) COFOG – Classification of the Functions of Government el – Greek (ISO 639-1) COSLA – Comité de Simplification du EL – Greece (ISO 3166-1) Langage Administratif (FR) ELETO – Ελληνικη Εταιρεια Ορολογιασ COTSOES – Conference of Translation (EL) Services of European States en – English (ISO 639-1) es – Spanish (ISO 639-1)
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ES – Spain (ISO 3166-1) IEC – International Electrotechnical Eter – Eesti Terminoloogia Ühing (EE) Commission ETI – École de traducteurs et d’interprètes ILTEC – Instituto de Linguística Teórica e (CH) Computacional (PT) INFOTERM – International Information ESA – European Space Agency Centre for Terminology (AT) EURAC – European Academy of Bolzano (IT) INSEE – Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (FR) Eurocontrol – European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation ISO – International Organization for Standardization Eurovoc – EU multilingual thesaurus ISSS – (CEN) Information Society F Standardization System FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization it – Italian (ISO 639-1) of the United Nations IT – Italy (ISO 3166-1) FEILIN – Fédération européenne des ITU – International Telecommunication institutions linguistiques nationales Union fi – Finnish (ISO 639-1) J FI – Finland (ISO 3166-1) JIAMCATT – Joint Inter-Agency Meeting FIT – Fédération internationale des on Computer-Assisted Translation traducteurs – International and Terminology Federation of Translators K fr – French (ISO 639-1) KMK – Ständige Konferenz der FR – France (ISO 3166-1) Kultusminister der Länder in der G Bundesrepublik Deutschland (DE) Gein – German Environmental Information KNAB – kohanimeandmebaasi, the Place Network Names Database of EKI GEMET – General Multilingual KÜDES – Konferenz der Environmental Thesaurus Übersetzungsdienste europäischer Staaten (see COTSOES) GTW – Gesellschaft für Terminologie und Wissenstransfer L I la – Latin (ISO 639-1) IATA – International Air Transport LAU – Local Administrative Units Association M IATE – Inter-Active Terminology for Europe MAE – Ministère des Affaires étrangères (FR) ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organisation MINEFI – Ministère de l’Économie, des Finances et de l’Industrie (FR) IDABC – Interoperable Delivery of European eGovernment Services to MISSOC – Mutual Information System on public Administrations, Business and Social Protection Citizens
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MMI-DC – CEN/ISSS “Dublin Core” R metadata workshop2 RIFAL – Réseau International N Francophone d’Aménagement NACE – Statistical Classification of Linguistique Economic Activities in the European RIM – ebXML Registry Information Model Community Rossterm – Russian Terminology Society NATO – North Atlantic Treaty (RU) Organisation RS – ebXML Registry Service nb – Norwegian Bokmål (ISO 639-1) specification, version 3 nl – Dutch (ISO 639-1) ru – Russian (ISO 639-1) NL – Netherlands (ISO 3166-1) RU – Russian Federation (ISO 3166-1) NL-TERM – Vereniging voor S Nedelandstalige Terminologie SAML – OASIS Security Services no – Norwegian (ISO 639-1) SC – Sub-Committee NO – Norway (ISO 3166-1) SE – Sweden (ISO 3166-1) NUTS – Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics SFT – Société française des Traducteurs (FR) O SKC – Seamless Knowledge Core OASIS – Organization for the SNL – Servizo Normalisacion Linguistica Advancement of Structured (ES) Information Standards SoA – service-oriented architecture OECD – Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development SPELL – Servisc per la Planificazion y Elaborazion dl Lingaz Ladin (IT) OKS – Ontopia Knowledge Suite SQL – Structured Query Language P sv – Swedish (ISO 639-1) pl – Polish (ISO 639-1) T PL – Poland (ISO 3166-1) TC – Technical Committee PSI – published subject indicator Termcat – Centre de Terminologia (ES) PSID – published subject identifier Termigal – Servicio de Terminoloxia de pt – Portuguese (ISO 639-1) Galicia (ES) PT – Portugal (ISO 3166-1) TermNet – International Network for Terminology TML – terminology markup language TNC – Terminologicentrum TNC (SE) TSK – Sanastokeskus (FI) 2 The name MMI-DC comes from the fact that this Workshop was the successor of the MMI U Workshop (Metadata for Multimedia Information) ULS – Ufitziu de sa Limba Sarda (IT) which was active in the period 1998-1999 and which dealt with metadata more generally.
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UNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNOG – United Nations Office at Geneva URI – uniform resource identifier (WWW Consortium) URL – uniform resource locator (WWW Consortium) UZEI – Terminologia eta Lexikografia Zentroa (ES) V VIBLI – Virtual Library (EU) W WHO – World Health Organization WIPO – World International Property Organization
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3.2 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document the following definitions apply. 1 6 concept nomenclature harmonization unit of knowledge created by a activity aiming at the establishment of unique combination of characteristics a correspondence between two or more closely related or overlapping [ISO 1087-1, 3.2.1] nomenclatures 2 [based on Concept system concept system harmonization in ISO/CD 860.2, 3.2)] set of concepts structured according to the relations among them 7 administrative nomenclature [ISO 1087-1, 3.2.11] nomenclature within the field of public 3 administration concept system harmonization NOTE 1 Examples are names of public activity aiming at the establishment of institutions, bodies, associations and similar a correspondence between two or organizations and their subdivisions, as well as terms relating to administrative and more closely related or overlapping regulatory functions and entities. concept systems ... [ISO/CD 860.2, 3.2 (2005)] NOTE 2 Under various inputs recorded in Annex A (chapter 12) may be found slightly 4 varying definitions of administrative nomenclature nomenclature. terminology structured systematically 8 according to pre-established naming subject indicator rules human-readable resource that is NOTE Nomenclatures have been elaborated referred to by an application, to in various fields, such as biology, medicine, provide an unambiguous indication of physics and chemistry. the identity of a concept [ISO 1087-1, 3.5.3] Note The subject indicator is usually a code in the context of this CWA. 5 coded nomenclature 9 nomenclature with a structured code subject identifier system, with a unique and stable URI that refers to a subject indicator, code for each concept and provides an unambiguous NOTE Coded nomenclatures are well used identification of a subject to an in directories and listings, particularly in application computerized directories and listings. 10 published subject subject for which there exists at least one published subject indicator
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11 14 published subject indicator, PSI equivalence subject indicator that is published and relation between designations in maintained at an advertised address different languages representing the in order to facilitate interoperability of same concept applications [ISO 1087-1, 3.4.21] 12 15 published subject identifier, PSID registry URI of a published subject indicator, structured repository for concepts chosen and declared by its publisher with references to data objects as the URI to be used by applications to identify the published subject 16 repository 13 correspondence storage system for data objects relation between concepts that are 17 closely related and compatible or ADNOM registry consistent with each other, or the registry instance operated by the between designations that are ADNOM secretariat equivalent or that are synonyms or NOTE This instance also serves as registry variants federation. [ISO/CD 860.2, 3.6] 18 local registry registry operated by one of the ADNOM members
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4 Conformance This CWA defines three levels of conformance: 4.1 Conformance level 1: “organizational cooperation” A conforming organization participates in the long-term ADNOM network according to the rules specified in section 6.3 and 6.4. 4.2 Conformance level 2: “technical cooperation” In addition to organizational cooperation, technical cooperation requires conformance to the rules specified in chapter 9 without the requirements specified in 9.4. 4.3 Conformance level 3: “advanced technical cooperation” In addition to technical cooperation, advanced technical cooperation requires conformance to the rules specified in section 9.4.
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5 Study 5.1 Introduction A choice has been made of taking the idea of survey very literally and thus to start with the drafting of a questionnaire and with identifying possible targets through a number of sources of various types. The questionnaire was accompanied with an introduction to the ADNOM project. As a second step, direct contact has been made, in as many cases as possible, to try to get an accurate idea of what is available in the field of administrative nomenclature in Europe. Given the large number of institutions working in the field here defined, it is unavoidable that some structures or organizations be left out. Comments and additions are therefore most welcome to reach a better coverage of European administrative nomenclature. 5.2 Questionnaire A questionnaire was drafted, both in English and French, and sent to a number of organizations. It aimed at: • presenting the project, • getting in touch with national and international organizations with possible activities in or interested in the field of Administrative Nomenclature, • identifying existing European, national and regional projects relating to Administrative Nomenclature, • refining the definition of the subject through these organizations’ understanding of the scope of Administrative Nomenclature, • describing technical and operational solutions for existing activities. 5.3 Sources A number of different sources were used, among which we can mention existing networks between similar organizations throughout the various European countries. The descriptions in this chapter and in Annex A (chapter 12) to some extent reflect the original wording of various source documents. The use of some terms and phrases may consequently be slightly inconsistent in these descriptions.
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5.3.1 COTSOES – Conference of Translation Services of European States Also named KÜDES in German (for Konferenz der Übersetzungsdienste europäischer Staaten) and CST in French (for Conférence des services de traduction des États européens), Cotsoes is a network of some 27 translation services of Ministries of European countries. It has existed since 1982 and includes mostly Ministries of Foreign Affairs. All of them have duly received a questionnaire and direct contact has been made with the French Ministère des Affaires étrangères and the Auswärtiges Amt (Federal Foreign Office). In order to obtain a better response to the survey, the Project Team has drafted a letter of introduction signed by the Chairman of ADNOM to enable efficient communication with the appropriate officials or experts. The process, being somewhat lengthy due to the need to respect the hierarchical way, has not yet yielded all the information that can be expected, but it may be hoped that a progress has been made in connection with those organizations. 5.3.2 EAFT – European Association for Terminology This association, created in 1996 as the follow-up of the European project POINTER (Proposals for an Operational Infrastructure for Terminology in Europe), is a network of over 80 institutions dealing with terminology. The EAFT has organized two Terminology Summits, the outcomes of which include The Brussels Declaration for international cooperation on terminology (in 2002) and a Survey on Entities involved in terminology activities (2004), pursued by Union Latine, one of its members, and then secretariat of EAFT. The EAFT already holds a number of cooperation agreements with other networks such as Nordterm, LTT, ELRA and Realiter. 5.3.3 EFNIL – European Federation of National Institutions for Language The European Federation of National Institutions for Language, EFLIN, also called FEILIN (Fédération européenne des institutions linguistiques nationales) has only very recently been founded (end of 2004) and gathers national institutions dealing with language planning, such as the French DGLFLF (Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France) or the Estonian Language Council. 5.3.4 JIAMCATT – Joint Inter-Agency Meeting on Computer-Assisted Translation and Terminology The Joint Inter-Agency Meeting on Computer-Assisted Translation and Terminology is a reunion of translation and terminology services of international organizations such as UN, FAO, or NATO. It was founded in 1987 by UNOG and
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“provides information on the translation departments of international organizations and interested institutions of Member States”. 5.4 A few possible synergies A few projects are listed here, some recently launched, others having already delivered documents, and others still being regularly maintained, that can be of interest to the long-term ADNOM network, being a source of inspiration, either in terms of contacts, or of data, or of structure for gathering or organizing data. 5.4.1 BalkaNet – Design and Development of a Multilingual Balkan WordNet http://www.ceid.upatras.gr/Balkanet/index.htm The Balkan WordNet aimed at the development of a multilingual lexical database comprising individual WordNets for the Balkan languages. The most ambitious feature of the BalkaNet was its attempt to represent semantic relations between words in each Balkan language and link them together in order to develop an online multilingual semantic network. The main objective was the development of each language’s WordNet from available resources covering the general vocabulary of each language. Semantic relations would be classified in the independent WordNets according to a shared ontology. Then, all individual WordNets would be organized into a common database providing linking across them. Each of the WordNets would be structured along the same lines as the EuroWordNet through a WordNet Management System. This project was an excellent opportunity to explore the less studied Balkan languages and combine and compare them cross-linguistically. It covers Bulgarian, Czech, Greek, Romanian, Serbian and Turkish. 5.4.2 CEN/ISSS Learning Technologies Workshop Together with the draft CWA “Harmonisation of Vocabularies” a software tool has been developed, which can be found at http://cenisss.eun.org/. This is an online service facilitating the harmonization of vocabularies including value lists, glossaries, dictionaries, thesauri, classifications and ontologies. It is funded by DG Enterprise (European Commission) as part of work done in the context of the CEN/ISSS Workshop on Learning Technologies. It allows to describe vocabularies and terms. It is, up to now, more or less limited to the field of education, but also includes language and country codes, and is developed under XML. 5.4.3 EUROTERM Extending the EuroWordNet with Public Sector Terminology http://www.dblab.upatras.gr/gr/projects.htm#euroterm
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The main objective of the Euroterm project was to enrich EuroWordNet multilingual semantic network with domain specific terminology for the set of European languages (Greek, Dutch and Spanish). EuroWordNet is a lexical database representing semantic relations among basic concepts for the West European languages, which are combined with a so called Inter-Lingual-Index (ILI). The latter forms an unstructured fund of English concepts with the only purpose to provide an efficient mapping across languages. Euroterm’s main purpose was to combine effectively multilingual domain specific terminology into a common lexical database through Terminology Alignment System, in order to expand EuroWordNet and consequently the Inter-Lingual-Index with concepts restricted to the conceptual domain of environment. In processing applications Euroterm was incorporated in a search engine in order to assist towards query expansion and multilingual information retrieval tasks. 5.4.4 EuroTermBank http://www.eurotermbank.com/DesktopDefault.aspx EuroTermBank – Collection of Pan-European Terminology Resources through Cooperation of Terminology Institutions This project concentrates on the new EU member countries, which face the issue of terminology resource fragmentation across different institutions, inconsistency and lack of coordination in terminology development, as well as structural and technical incompatibility. The EuroTermBank project focuses on harmonization and consolidation of terminology work in new EU member states, transferring experience from other European Union terminology networks and accumulating competencies and efforts of the accessed countries. The project will result in a centralized online terminology bank for languages of new EU member countries interlinked to other terminology banks and resources. Although EuroTermBank is addressed directly towards Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland, the project is open to other new EU member states and interested countries and organizations outside EU. It will also enable exchange of terminology data with existing national and EU terminology databases by establishing cooperative relationships, aligning methodologies and standards, designing and implementing data exchange mechanisms and procedures. Through harmonization, collection and dissemination of public terminology resources, EuroTermBank will strongly facilitate enhancement of public sector information and strengthen the linguistic infrastructure in the new EU member countries. Its objectives are as follows: • Development of methodology for harmonization of terminology processes in new EU member countries and for ensuring compatibility of terminological resources for data interchange and resource sharing; • Creation of a network of terminology-related institutions and organizations (creators and holders of terminology resources) on both national and multinational levels to facilitate institutional cooperation and harmonization, consolidation and dissemination of terminological resources;
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• Design, development and implementation of a web-based terminology data bank to provide easy access to centralized terminology resources; • Consolidation of terminology content from different sources and owners for creation of national terminological databases and further integration into the EuroTermBank database or their interlinking; • Achieving sustainability of the project results. • Project summary and overview can be seen in a slide show: http://www.eurotermbank.com/uploads/EUROTERMBANK%20Overview.ppt This project started in January 2005, for a two year-period. Although its aims and method are quite different from, and complementary to, those of ADNOM, it is very useful for ADNOM in terms of contacts, especially if EuroTermBank chooses to tackle the field of administration. Interesting contacts have been made with this project, and a cooperation agreement has been drafted, especially with the German partner, that is the Intitute for Information management (Institut für Informationsmanagement) of the University of Applied Sciences of Cologne (Fachhochschule Köln), which is precisely in charge of the resources inventory. This project is all the more interesting for ADNOM because it brings together partners from Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland 5.4.5 Gein – German Environmental Information Network http://www.gein.de/html/about_en.html The German Environmental Information Network was conceived under the title “GEIN 2000” in a close cooperative effort between the Federal Government and the Länder (Federal States) in the framework of an Environmental Research Plan (UFOPLAN) project managed by the Federal Environmental Agency. Since Jan, 1st, 2003 gein® is maintained and developed by the Coordination Center UDK/gein on the basis of the administrative agreement UDK/gein. It offers access to more than more than 180 000 individual Web pages, including dynamic pages, from 89 suppliers (http://www.gein.de/provider/provi_en.html) of environmental information from governmental authorities and other public institutions at the federal and Land levels. The information can be retrieved through simple text search (in both English and German), search using special terms (thesaurus), by topics, area and time or “topic” pages assembled by environmental topics, latest news and data. The Retrieval Assistant helps the user to select the appropriate technical terms for the search. The technical vocabulary is supplied by an Environmental Thesaurus and a Gazetteer. An Environmental Chronology helps the user to find the dates of temporary and historical events.
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5.4.6 NorNa The aim of the project NorNa – Data Retrieval by Means of a Cross-Language, Nordic Search Engine – started in September 2002, is to develop and test a prototype of a search interface for the Nordic languages. For the data retrieval a number of parallel domain specific corpora have been established. The approach is based on both ontological and terminological principles. The project has received financial support from the Nordic language technology research programme of NorFA. After a first analysis of two parallel corpora, search concepts are automatically extracted, systematized by a terminologist as a concept tree, using the tool Viewtree (while the term management software is TERMplus). Then equivalents are extracted using five-language alignment (Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish and English). Two corpora have been chosen, the first one in the field of environment, the second being Nordea’s year- end report. This tool might prove useful at the stage of metaterminology extraction. 5.4.7 VIBLI See also Annex C (chapter 14). Within COTSOES a project has been designed that bears some similarity to the ADNOM project. This project is named VIBLI, as Virtual Library, (http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/bk/sp/cst/e/gt/term/term-helsinki-2004-en.htm). “Under VIBLI, it is intended to create a virtual library for translators and terminologists. It would give a clear listing of all links to those information sources that are proven tools of experienced translators and terminologists. VIBLI is intended to provide COTSOES with a tool for fast, straightforward cooperation. As it is a joint project involving all member services, it should facilitate and motivate real cooperation. VIBLI is the tool that will form the basis for the internet presence of COTSOES as an independent association.” A presentation of this tool has been made at the plenary meeting of WS-ADNOM in Vienna on the 11th and 12th of July 2005. It seems that interaction between both projects is possible for the mutual benefit of both activities. 5.5 Data For a more complete view of the data gathered during the survey, see Annex A (chapter 12), Annex B (chapter 13), and Annex C (chapter 14). More than 160 organizations or services have been identified, among which more than half have been sent the questionnaire. It was decided not to limit the survey to European countries stricto sensu, but to register any information that might be found on the subject within “physical” Europe. As for now, the following national or international organizations have been located and contacted.
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They belong to many different types: • Ministries • Translation services of ministries • Terminology organizations • Language planning organizations • Linguistic services • Universities or Schools of translation • Professional organizations 5.5.1 AT – Austria • City of Wien – Stadt Wien (See Annex A) • Federal government (See Annex A) • Federal Ministry of the Interior – Bundesministerium für Inneres (See Annex A) • Federal Chancellery – Arts Division - Kunstsektion des Bundeskanzleramtes (See Annex A) 5.5.2 BE – Belgium • Centre for terminology and communication – Centrum voor Vaktaal en Communicatie (See Annex A) • Ministère de la Communauté française de Belgique • NL-TERM – Vereniging voor Nederlandstalige Terminologie – Bi-national organization: Belgium and Netherlands (See Annex A) • Service Public Fédéral Justice – Federale Overheidsdienst Justitie – Föderaler Öffentlicher Dienst Justiz • SPF Intérieur – FOD Binnenlandse Zaken SPF Mobilité et Transports – FOD Mobiliteit en Vervoer • Sénat de Belgique – Service linguistique – Belgische Senaat • SPF Affaires étrangères, Commerce extérieur Coopération au Développement – Service des Traductions – FOD Buitenlandse Zaken, Buitenlandse Handel en Ontwikkelingssamenwerking (See Annex A) 5.5.3 CH – Switzerland • Association suisse des traducteurs, terminologues et interprètes – ASTTI • Chancellerie fédérale, section de terminologie (See Annex A) • École de traducteurs et d’interprètes – ETI
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• Staatskanzlei des Kantons Bern 5.5.4 DE – Germany • Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit – Z I 4 – Sprachendienst (See Annex A) • Bundessprachenamt • DETERM • Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung • Deutsches Institut für Internationale Pädagogische Forschung (DIPF) – Zusammengestellt vom Informationszentrum Bildung (IZ Bildung) (See Annex A) • Bundesministerium des Innern – Z 3 b – Sprachendienst - Federal Ministry of the Interior (See Annex A) • Bundesnetzagentur – Federal Network Agency • Auswärtiges Amt – Foreign Office • Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie – Z – SP – Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (See Annex A) • Bundesministerium der Finanzen – Sprachendienst – Z A 6 – Federal Ministry of Finance • Regulierungsbehörde für Telekommunikation und Post (Regulatory Authority for Telecommunications and Posts) • Ständigen Konferenz der Kultusminister der Länder in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (KMK) 5.5.5 DK – Denmark • Danish Centre for Terminology – DANTERMcentret (See Annex A) • Dansk Sprognævn (Danish language council) 5.5.6 EE – Estonia • Eesti Keele Instituut – EKI (Institute of the Estonian Language) • Eesti Vabariigi Välisministeerium (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) • Estonian Language Council • Estonian Legal Language Centre (See Annex A) • Eesti Terminoloogia Ühing – Eter • Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Translation division
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• Statistical Office of Estonia 5.5.7 EL – Greece • Ελληνικη Εταιρεια Ορολογιασ – ELETO (Hellenic Society for Terminology) (See Annex A) 5.5.8 ES – Spain • Associació catalana de Terminologia – Acaterm • Associacion española de terminologia – AETER • Elhuyar Fundazioa • Eusko Jaurlaritza / Gobierno Vasco (Basc Government) – Hizkuntza Politikarako Sailburuordetza / Viceconsejeria de Politica Linguistica (Vicecouncil for Linguistic Policy) • Ministerio de asuntos exteriores – Oficina de Interpretación de Lenguas • Servicio de Terminoloxia de Galicia – Termigal • Servizo Normalisacion Linguistica – SNL • Centre de Terminologia – Termcat • Terminologia eta Lexikografia Zentroa – UZEI 5.5.9 EU – Europe
5.5.9.1 Organizations • Council of Europe • European Association for Terminology – EAFT • Centre d’études linguistiques pour l’Europe • Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union (See Annex A) • Conference of Translation Services of European States – COTSOES • European Federation of National Institutions for Language – EFLIN • European Union Office of Publications • Council of the European Union • European Commission • European Environment Agency • European Parliament • Nordisk Råd – Nordic Council
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• Mutual Information System on Social Protection – MISSOC • Interoperable Delivery of European eGovernment Services to public Administrations, Businesses and Citizens – CAP-ED • Political and institutional developments of the European Union, such as the European Constitution
5.5.9.2 Resources • EUR-LEX database – The portal to European Union law • EUROSTAT’s Classifications Server – RAMON (See Annex A) • Eurovoc multilingual thesaurus • Eurydice – European Glossary on Education • IATE – Inter-Active Terminology for Europe (See Annex A and Annex B) • Local Administrative Units – LAU (See Annex A) • Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics – NUTS (See Annex A) 5.5.10 FI – Finland • Prime Minister’s Office – Governments Terminology Service (See Annex A) • Sanastokeskus TSK (Finnish terminology centre) (See Annex A) 5.5.11 FR – France • Agence pour le Développement de l’Administration Électronique – ADAE (See Annex A) • Centre des Liaisons Européennes et Internationales de Sécurité Sociale – CLEISS (See Annex A) • Centre national de documentation pédagogique – CNDP • Comité d’orientation pour la simplification du langage administratif – COSLA (See Annex A) • Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France – DGLFLF (See Annex A) • Délégation aux Usagers et aux Simplifications Administratives – DUSA (see Annex A) • Groupe des écoles des Télécom • Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques – INSEE (See Annex A) • Ministère de la Défense (See Annex A) • Ministère de l’Agriculture
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• Ministère de l’Économie, des Finances et de l’Industrie – MINEFI • Ministère de l’éducation nationale • Ministère délégué à la recherche • Ministère des Affaires étrangères – MAE (See Annex A) • Ministère des affaires sociales, du travail et de la solidarité • Société française de Traducteurs – SFT • TermBret, Bretagne • Université de Rennes 2 5.5.12 GL – Greenland • Oqaasileriffik 5.5.13 HU – Hungary • Ministry of Justice – Translation Coordination Unit – TCU 5.5.14 EI – Eire • An Coiste Téarmaíochta, Foras na Gaeilge (See Annex A) • Rannóg Aistriúcháin Thithe an Oireachtais 5.5.15 International organizations • Agence universitaire francophone – Lexicologie, Terminologie, Traduction – AUF – LTT • European Space Agency – ESA • European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation – Eurocontrol (See Annex A) • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations – FAO • International Organisation of Translators – FIT • Gesellschaft für Terminologie und Wissenstransfer – GTW (Association for Terminology and Knowledge Transfer) • International Air Transport Association – IATA (See Annex A) • International Information Centre for Terminology – INFOTERM • International Criminal Court • International Telecommunication Union – ITU (See Annex A) • North Atlantic Treaty Organisation – NATO
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• International Civil Aviation Organisation – ICAO • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development – OECD (See Annex A) • United Nations Office at Geneva – UNOG • United Nations, New York (See Annex A) • United Nations, Statistics Division (See Annex A) • Réseau International Francophone d’Aménagement Linguistique – RIFAL • International Network for Terminology – TermNet • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization – UNESCO • Union Latine • World Bank • World Health Organization – WHO (see Annex A) • World International Property Organization – WIPO (see Annex A) 5.5.16 IS – Iceland • Íslensk málstöð • Ministry for Foreign Affairs – Translation Centre 5.5.17 IT – Italy • Associazone Italiana per la terminologia – Assiterm • European Academy of Bolzano – EURAC • Comprensorio Ladino di Fassa – Ufficio Servizi Linguistici • Istitut cultural Ladin “majon di fascegn” (See Annex A) • Istituto di Tecnologie Industriali e Automasione • Ministero degli Affari Esteri – Segreteria Generale – Ufficio Interpretariato e Traduzioni • Sercisc per la Planificazion y Elaborazion dl Lingaz Ladin – SPELL (See Annex A) • Ufitziu de sa Limba Sarda – ULS 5.5.18 LT – Lithuania • Institute of the Lithuanian language
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5.5.19 LV – Latvia • Terminological Committee of Latvian Academy of Sciences • Tulkosanas un terminologijas centrs – Translation and terminology centre – TTC 5.5.20 MD – Moldova • Asociaţia Naţională de Terminologie – TermRom Moldova 5.5.21 NL – Netherlands • Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken – Hoofdafdeling Vertalingen (Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs) (See Annex A) • Nederlandse Taalunie • NL-TERM – Vereniging voor Nedelandstalige Terminologie – Bi-national organization: Netherlands and Belgium (See Annex A) • Ministry of Defence 5.5.22 NO – Norway • Norwegian Language Council – Språkrådet • Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Utenriksdepartementet (See Annex A) • Ministry of Labour and Government Administration – Arbeids- og administrasjonsdepartementet (See Annex A) • Ministry of Government Administration and Reform – Fornynings- og administrasjonsdepartementet (See Annex A) • City of Oslo – Oslo Kommune (See Annex A) 5.5.23 PL – Poland • Urząd Komitetu Integracji Europejskiej – Departament Tłumaczeń (Office of the Committee for European Integration – Translation Department) (See Annex A) 5.5.24 PT – Portugal • Associação de Informação terminologica – AIT • Instituto de Linguística Teórica e Computacional – ILTEC 5.5.25 RO – Romania • Asociaţia Română de Terminologie – TermRom • Universitatea “Politehnica” Timisoara
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5.5.26 RU – Russia • Russian Terminology Society – Rossterm 5.5.27 SE – Sweden • National Agency for Higher Education – Högskoleverket (See Annex A) • Ministry of Justice – Justitiedepartementet (See Annex A) • National Board of Trade – Kommerskollegium (See Annex A) • National Board of Health and Welfare – Socialstyrelsen (See Annex A) • Statistics Sweden – SCB: Classifications and codes (See Annex A) • Terminologicentrum TNC (Swedish Centre for Terminology) (See Annex A) • Utrikesdepartementet – Ministry for Foreign Affairs (See Annex A) • Verva, The Swedish Administrative Development Agency (See Annex A) 5.5.28 SI – Slovenia • Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovš (Fran Ramovš Institute of the Slovenian language) 5.5.29 SP – Spain • Associació catalana de Terminologia – Acaterm • Associacion española de terminologia – AETER • Elhuyar Fundazioa • Eusko Jaurlaritza / Gobierno Vasco (Basc Government) – Hizkuntza Politikarako Sailburuordetza / Viceconsejeria de Politica Linguistica (Vicecouncil for Linguistic Policy) • Ministerio de asuntos exteriores – Oficina de Interpretación de Lenguas • Servicio de Terminoloxia de Galicia – Termigal • Servizo Normalisacion Linguistica – SNL • Centre de Terminologia – Termcat • Terminologia eta Lexikografia Zentroa – UZEI 5.5.30 UA – Ukraine • Technical Committee for scientific and Technical Terminology standardisation (L’viv Polytechnic National University)
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5.5.31 UK – United Kingdom • Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs – Translation Section • Department of Trade and Industry – Translation Service • Foreign and Commonwealth Office – Translation and Interpreting Branch • HM Revenue and Customs – Translation service (See Annex A) • Lord Chancellor’s Department • Uned e-Welsh Gymraeg Canolfan Bedwyr 5.6 Study of technical and operational solutions for existing activities 5.6.1 Technical solutions Several operating systems are used, Windows, Unix, Linux, with an increasing proportion of the latter. The different types of software used are: • terminological database management systems, like Trados Multiterm; • terminological tool of a translation memory software, such as Multicorpora Multitrans; • database management systems, like Microsoft Access on Windows, or MySQL on Linux or Unix; • text processing systems like Microsoft Word; • presentation Software like Microsoft Powerpoint, especially for charts and organigrams; • Linux, Apache, MySQL or PHP bibliodata; • Internal Software. The major problem is the structuring of data, since it may not be compliant with any known standard. 5.6.2 Operational solutions In spite of the fact that several networks have been identified, between organizations sharing a common interest or services originating in the same type of organization, it appears that organizations are aware of what kind of activity is going on mostly within the network they belong to. Very few links seem to exist between the various networks, either because their aims are slightly different or because they range from fairly ancient to extremely recent, or because the type of organization they represent are very different.
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Those various networks must be made aware of the others, and start a new level of networking. Besides, in many cases, organizations work outside any of the above mentioned networks, and are all the more difficult to identify. There may also exist other types of networks, in the area of documentation, for instance, or statistics, or libraries, that could yield again some more resources. The research has up to now concentrated upon terminological structures, but it must be widened to include less specific ones, since it appears that a lot of relevant work is done outside of those structures, even though it may not be perfectly in line with the terminological methodology. 5.6.3 Terminological solutions
5.6.3.1 Languages There is no consistent treatment of the nomenclature throughout Europe. According to the country and the type of nomenclature registered, the situation is very different and the different situations can be found: • monolingual database, in the “official” or main language of the country; • bilingual database, where the second language is English; • bilingual database, with a “national” language and a “regional” language; • multilingual database; • often four languages: de, en, es, fr; • often in Scandinavian countries: Scandinavian languages + de, en, es, fr; • in some cases, 20 different languages or more, not only from European countries.
5.6.3.2 Descriptive fields Administrative nomenclature can be described in many different ways, thus many different data can be registered for refining the terms. This is partly due to the specificity of the subject, but it is also linked to the purpose that terminological work and the public is aimed for. It also appears that some of these data may not have been taken into account in the data categories identified in ISO/TC 37 standards. Up to now the following types of data have been identified in the various resources studied: • Term • Acronym / Abbreviation • Short form • Adjective • Gentilé (inhabitant names) • Code
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• Definition • Explanation • Notes • Grammatical variant • Country • Level of Education • Source • Equivalent • Collocation • Domain / Subject field • Charts • Remark • Source • Spelling • Context • Example • Cross-reference • Project • Person • Phenomenon • Organization • Administrative sector • Grammar • Style 5.7 Outline of potential future technical and operational solutions All identified human networks must be made aware of each other and start collaboration on the subject of administrative nomenclature while other resources continue to be identified. Stakeholders of eGovernment, in each country, need to know about terminology and translation work and understand why and how it is at the heart of any interface with the citizen. Terminologists and translators need to know about the eGovernment needs and provide access to their data, country per country. The database structure should be assessed and compared with the structure recommended in established standards. A concept system has to be elaborated at a metalevel, and be described through various means, including a multi-tier coding system (reusing existing coding systems such as COFOG, NUTS, NACE, already widely known), and enabling to describe the various types of data one can find, including data that is not structured in a traditional terminological way but is still of invaluable importance.
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Some information must be allowed, for instance knowledge of former appellations of an existing structure, to prevent searches from being hampered by an “historic” evolution. Names of structures, names of documents, affiliations change. This needs to be taken into account, since the citizen cannot be expected to know the various names of the ministries through time. On top of that, it might be quite useful to integrate a visual representation possibly making use of ontologies. Indeed it is often quicker to jump from one branch of a conceptual tree to another than to read a full written description to find the relevant information. It is also of vital importance to design a way to assess the reliability of the information gathered, both at the level of the facts themselves, and at the level of the linguistic quality, and of that of the proposed equivalences given in different languages. 5.8 Study of the feasibility of extending the activity into other fields of terminology The survey has yielded a globally positive answer to this question, but depends on good results of the feasibility study. It is obvious that only the very last state of the project (that is an operational prototype of ADNOM network), together with a full-fledged human network, will enable the various administrative structures of the European countries to fully understand the advantage of such a system and the interest of extending it to other fields. It must be remembered that given the short time span of the initial project, not all interested parties have been reached, let alone convinced. Yet, quite a few of the organizations that have answered have also reacted positively to the concept of ADNOM. Extending the ADNOM project may be interpreted as determining which the priority fields are and which fields might be dealt with later. Among the possible fields into which the ADNOM activity might be extended, the following have been listed: business, finance/banking, health, law, politics, school administration. This list will indubitably grow with time as the number of effective partners increases. The generic applicability of the ADNOM findings to service oriented architecture (SOAs) still needs to be elaborated. It is expected that the already positive outcome of the prototypical implementation towards better understanding of SOAs and semantic interoperability will yield substantial benefits for future system development methodologies.
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6 Network development 6.1 Introduction and terminology The CEN/ISSS Workshop European Network for Administrative Nomenclature (ADNOM) uses the word “network” in two ways: (a) “a network of organizations” that will help to establish ADNOM’s long-term viability, and (b) the operational network – the prototype operational Internet-based network to be used between organizations to support this. This chapter describes how ADNOM can become a long-term network. Therefore we will first go into more detail about the ADNOM goal and sketch some usage scenario to define the short and longer term requirements and the user groups in the project. 6.2 Usage scenarios, goals and user groups The aim of ADNOM is: • to establish and • to maintain a network between European government translation units, terminology organizations, etc. working on European Administrative Nomenclature, built to the maximum degree possible on the basis of existing networks and resources. 6.2.1 ADNOM usage scenarios This subsection gives some possible usage scenarios within ADNOM.
Usage scenario 1: Interrelated joint functions within organization processes One scenario would be: a terminology unit A in one particular country is going to describe their administrative functions in their country within a particular organization structure. This terminology unit A wishes to describe it and interrelate/compare it with an equal organization structure with the help of a terminology unit B based in that other country. To do this the ADNOM system needs to support these collaborative efforts.
Usage scenario 2: Connect and update categories to business articles Example: An organization that publishes statistical facts within a country makes a new publication about the economic growth. Economic growth might be an
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ADNOM category and organizations within the ADNOM network can be informed that an important report under this category is published.
Usage scenario 3: It is important that users of ADNOM, and indeed European eServices, can relate government structures to each other. The ADNOM system can be used to interrelate some processes and how some similarities and differences in it can be found. Figure 6.1 shows two hierarchies about Government that have been defined by ISO 860 CD2 Terminology work – Harmonization of concepts and terms (2005). The Concept “Parliament” in UK Government is related to the Concept “Congress” in US Government when someone for instance wants to make a statement about the decision process of the organization.
Figure 6.1 – Two hierarchies for Government by ISO 860 CD 2 (2005)
It would be useful for ADNOM to be able to develop a set of similar concept systems, and accompanying links and functionality, for all other countries in
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Europe (in other languages), and also allowing for a “default” version which shows typical organs and functions of government. As well as the top-level legislative bodies, it will also be essential to be able to develop similar charts for ministries and agencies. Another example to interrelate concepts would be the following as presented in figure 6.2.
Figure 6.2 – Making a statement to connect two hierarchies
Figure 6.2 shows an example where someone needs to make a statement in the system about the difference in the succession of Head of State. In this case the user must be able to identify the concept Monarch of the UK Government uniquely and not the general concept Monarch. The same requirement holds true for the concept of President of the French Government. And the third requirement is that the user must be able to identify the concept “Head of State” to say something about the relation to other institutions and entities. The ADNOM system must be flexible in the respect that one organization identifies Head of State as an Administrative Organ while another might identify it as an Administrative function.
Usage scenario 4: Concrete examples of mapping multilingual administrative nomenclatures are contained in clause 6.2 of this CWA. The following is a simplified example of names of government ministries in Austria, German, and the Netherlands, reflecting their different competencies and responsibilities, with regard to pension schemes. Given the fact that there is no way of presenting „corresponding ministries“ as each country has a special set up, the only way to render this information is the following:
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1. To list the ministries for each country plus the official translation into the other languages as far as available; 2. to add the respective organisational setups; 3. to prepare a list of subjects/keywords (e.g. “pension schemes”) and offer the corresponding link to the respective ministry dealing with this particular subject. As regards the practical example given for “pension schemes” the following information would be correct: In Austria: Bundesministerium für soziale Sicherheit, Generationen und Konsumentenschutz/Federal Ministry for Social Security, Generations and Consumer Protection. Sektion II, Gruppe A, Abteilung 2 Department II, Group A, Division 23 In Germany: Ministerium für Arbeit und Soziales/Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs Referat IV b1 and b2 for general matters, Referat IV b5 for additional insurances Referat IV a3 for artists Civil servants and soldiers fall within the competence of the BMI (Bundesministerium für Inneres/Federal Ministry of the Interior) PENSION schemes: In the Netherlands: Ministerie voor Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid/Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment Directoraat – General Arbeidsomstandigheden en Sociale Verzekeringen (DGASV) – Directie Arbeidsverhoudingen (AV) – Afdeling Pensioenbeleid (AV/PB)
3 Note: Only the Austrian Ministry has an official organizational setup also in English.
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The figure shows how: A. in the middle: three ministries each from a different county are responsible for pension schemas; B. at the left hand side: 16 translations for Economic affairs; C. at the right hand side: part of the faceted classification based on COFOG for Economic affairs and deeper levels with narrower terms. For the three ministries we see the Dutch ministry responsible but with the label in English. The Austrian ministry and the German ministry show the label in the German language and are also connected to the corresponding language codes. (for which published subjects, http://psi URLs are used to connect the whole). The entry point for Economic affairs also uses a published subject, see the left corner with http://psi.adnom.org/code/a4000. Each ministry can connect his working domain terms multilingual with other ministries in other countries and also express how they are different. In the future operational ADNOM network it is mandatory that a working group consisting of representatives from ministries ensures that all changes are duly registered/entered. It includes the metadata level using the COFOG classification (including the terms in 16 languages for “economic affairs”).
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Other future usage scenarios: • librarians or other users need to identify a document (in a shelf or on the web); • translators need alternative terms, alternative language versions, or alternative uses, or related versions, for concepts, via a termbank like the Swedish http://app.socialstyrelsen.se/termbank/ [National Board of Health and Welfare]; • a doctor needs to know where s/he can send a particular patient with a rare disease, or find specific supplies of medicine, or find details of past treatments in other countries; • a translation software manufacturer needs a list of terms in several language pairs; • a system is required for identifying governmental or organizational spending, at various levels; • users need to identify types and names of organizations; • resource discovery (via spiders, etc.); • a directory of government bodies, at several levels of government, covering many European countries, is required; • a portal needs to get information seamlessly, from unrelated sources, like the Norwegian http://matportalen.no/ [Food portal, Ministry of Agriculture] or http://www.udi.no/ [Directorate of Immigration, Ministry of Justice]; • web services are required for new eGovernment services, where reliable multilingual terminologies are indispensable; • a standardized way is required for enabling people to find a list of existing eGovernment services, so that they can undertake various necessary bureaucratic tasks when they travel to different European countries (supporting mobility of students, workers, families, etc.); • an IT supplier needs to find ways to help various organizations to provide services that require terminological precision and transparency to customers in technical documentation. 6.3 Requirements for the operational ADNOM network This section describes requirements for the ADNOM core system, middleware and user-dedicated controls. 6.3.1 Part 1: Establishment Requirement: A multilingual administrative nomenclature: The user should be able to start searching in the ADNOM network in several languages and ideally in his/her own language.
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6.3.2 Part 2: Maintenance Maintenance of the system should be user friendly, ideally information push and publish on demand functionalities. Requirements: • Ensure a standardized methodology for naming and describing. This is to avoid re-inventing the wheel and guarantee long-term maintenance. This is not to force end-users in how they exactly need to name and describe things but more that they use standards. This will be in the background without the end- users being aware. • Organizations should be enabled to work according to their own business models. They should not spend much time in how to use the ADNOM system. • Agreement by service providers; • content should be web-accessible; • easy look up facilities: registries and repositories; • easy navigation. • Utilize appropriate tools to manage: • descriptive content and structures, • management procedures, • conceptual relations (major types: hierarchical, generic, partitive, associative, etc.), • access to and navigate in data structures by conceptual browsing and querying, • structuring a hierarchy of terminological entries, • the problem of “fuzzy” definitions, particularly across languages. 6.4 Requirements, principles and guidelines for long-term operation of network This section describes how we can ensure that the ADNOM network will operate on the long term and the operational principles for these organizations by listing the requirements. Not all of the requirements in this subsection directly relate to the previous described functionalities but where they do it is mentioned. (Thus: “Requirement X.x is related to Usage Scenario Y”. This is to indicate the origin, to see how the requirement is drawn.). Subsections 6.5.1 and 6.5.2 list requirements which can be used for testing the network as well.
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6.4.1 Part A: requirements on the participating list of organizations If we want to say that a particular country is supported by ADNOM we would need:
Requirement A.1: A terminology organization Every partner is expected to have a quality assurance system in place to ensure the quality of the relevant terminology holdings. Requirement A.1 is related to Usage Scenario 1.
Requirement A.2: Quality of the navigational system The quality of the navigational system will be maintained in the ADNOM core model by using terms used in COFOG, Eurovoc, NACE, GEMET, NUTS and LAU, and others where useful (like KNAB from Estonia).
Requirement A.3: Character set and alphabetical ordering All content needs to be encoded or exchanged using the character set of ISO/IEC 10646, UTF-8, and alphabetical ordering follows the provisions of the European Ordering Rules (ENV 13710).
Recommendation A.4: Involvement of standardization bodies in ADNOM Standardization bodies collect and manage standardized terminologies (e.g. DIN with DINTERM). ADNOM can help in promoting the increased and consistent use of standardized terminologies in European industries, eBusiness, eLearning, etc. 6.4.2 Part B: maintenance requirements for the network
Requirement B.1: Seamless knowledge principle ADNOM will ensure that it is flexible enough to accommodate differences between the concept systems in the administrative domain. An important principle in this process is to allow for cultural differences and mapping them to each other instead of forcing a unified structure on all countries.
Requirement B.2: Maintenance of the core system The codes used in COFOG, NUTS and other coding systems are constantly changing. Also the ADNOM core model will be constantly updated. An organization and expert(s) in terminology and classification should support ADNOM members in the maintenance of the core system.
Requirement B.3: Terminology Markup Language metamodel functionalities ADNOM will implement the Terminology Markup Framework as laid down in ISO 16642:2003 to express structural organization of metamodels, to specify data
43 CWA 15526:2006 (E) categories, how they relate to the metamodel and to indicate which vocabularies are used.
General principles: • Organizations should be supported in their process of consensus building. • Organizations should be able to work in a kind of form of self-regulation. 6.4.3 Open standards A lot of Governmental organizations within Europe have enormous amounts of information which they need to share and more often than not the administrative efforts due to multilingual issues absorb a lot of time and effort. A metaterminology and a metalanguage need to provide a suitable structure and vocabulary to facilitate a kind of automatic fuzzy matching principle. The main problem is that this needs to be done in an open, democratic, bottom-up and distributed process without forcing any organization in a business process that does not apply to them. In other words the organizations should use their information sources like they did before, but they need to allow some access to some of their information to be able to share the information they want/need to share. Working according to standards and guidelines will save Governmental organizations time devoted to valuable design, validation and maintenance. It is not mandatory for them to follow standards but doing so will help them to maximize efficiency. 6.5 Design and operation of ADNOM This section describes the approaches and main components in ADNOM that will make it a long-term network. 6.5.1 Introduction of ADNOM approaches ADNOM will provide the following components: • a concise guide to typical government activities in administrative nomenclature across Europe; • content on specific government activities in different countries as far as terminologies and nomenclatures are concerned; • an interactive system for handling topics and codes; • a list of standardized topics in European administrative nomenclatures; • an active registry to navigate through terminology resources (all the components above will be integrated by using topic-maps technologies); • a network of translators, terminologists, and systems providers.
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In ADNOM a faceted approach with topics like “Governmental function” (e.g. Defence, Police, Finance, etc), “Jurisdictions” (Countries), “Organization types” (e.g. Parliament, Ministry, Agency), etc., are included. For these purposes, widely used UN and EU reference classifications like COFOG, European Nomenclatures, NUTS are used. A phased expansion of ADNOM to provide information in national languages of all EU countries (including candidate countries) and EFTA countries is planned. All of these will be linked by using linking mechanisms such as Published Subjects. Using Published Subjects in combination with a decentralized database will allow both humans and computerized systems to make use of the knowledge condensed and integrated in Topic Maps from the multitude of terminology efforts across Europe. Chapter 9 describes the combination of Published Subjects and the ebXML registry in more detail. For Published Subjects Identifiers (PSIs), ADNOM is using and, where appropriate, extending OASIS PSI sets (http://psi.oasis-open.org/), which currently consists of country codes (ISO 3166) and language codes (ISO 639-1 and ISO 639-2). Other possible identifiers (URIs) that will be used are those available from Dublin Core at: http://purl.org/dc/elements/. 6.5.2 Establishing interoperability within ADNOM Using the federated registry and Published Subjects ADNOM ascertains that organizations can transfer or supply the data requested and thereby meeting the most reasonable expectations of a “give and take” process, not infringing any copyrights, not giving way to any sort of commercial abuse whatsoever. For all the terms and concepts that are ADNOM core the users within ADNOM should use and define Published Subjects. Published subjects provide a mechanism whereby computers (and also humans, in interaction with computers) can know when they are talking about the same thing. Published Subjects establish the identity of subjects of discourse and when following terminology management principles they are the structure of the Trust of Administrative Nomenclature. In [The XML Papers; Pepper, Steve; Garshol, Lars Marius, XML 2002, December 2002, http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/xmlconf.html] we find: “Whether a PSI set actually gets used will depend on a number of factors: Whether anyone has a use for it (of course), whether alternatives exist elsewhere (remember, anyone can create a PSI set) and, more importantly, whether the publisher is deemed sufficiently trustworthy. The issue of trust is important because one of the main reasons for using PSIs is to ensure interoperability between applications, including applications that do not yet exist. The value of using PSIs increases almost proportionately with their stability and breadth of
45 CWA 15526:2006 (E) adoption: Choose a set of PSIs that disappears from the face of the earth after three months, or that no-one else uses (because there is a more stable alternative), and the interoperability benefits are less than they might have been. Knowing who has published a PSI is thus (almost) as important as knowing the PSI itself.” And therefore Standard organization bodies like CEN should supervise registries with Published Subjects. ADNOM should follow the requirements and guidelines as described in OASIS Published Subjects Technical Committee Recommendation http://www.oasis- open.org/committees/download.php/3050/pubsubj-pt1-1.02-cs.pdf. Other possible identifiers (URI’s) that will be used are those available from Dublin Core available at: http://purl.org/dc/elements/ 6.5.3 The core system: establishing seamless knowledge within European administrative nomenclature The following two components are at the core of ADNOM: • an interactive system for handling topics, terms, codes and content; and • standardization of topics in European Administrative Nomenclature. This core system is defined as the ADNOM Seamless Knowledge Core (SKC) Model. For the construction of this model a particular methodology will be followed which fits the Topic Maps approach well. For the analysis of the methodology the ADNOM project team has followed the steps used in ISO/CD 860.2: Terminology work – harmonization of concepts and designations (2005). This means to start at the concept level and continue at the designation level, to identify in a feasibility study differences and similarities between concept systems (including contexts), to analyze the context and characteristics of the concept systems, in our case the proposed ADNOM (meta)nomenclature, containing the material from the then harmonized sources.
Facets in Topic Maps in ADNOM It has been recognized that COFOG acts as a high-level structure where the other concept systems (EUROVOC, NACE, NUTS) can be inserted in their appropriate place in the harmonized concept system, becoming part of an overall ADNOM nomenclature. Topic Maps and Published Subjects act as flexible binding points between all these systems. Only adopting a system like NUTS is not complete enough within ADNOM since it will break the Seamless Knowledge principle. The principal facets in ADNOM are: (A) Administrative functions (built on COFOG (Classification of the Functions of Government)
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(B) Administrative jurisdictions (based on NUTS codes) (C) Administrative organs (developed within ADNOM). These can be expanded through the addition of other coded nomenclatures. Further sub-facets can be included, for example within (A) Administrative functions the ADNOM nomenclature also incorporates (1) Specific Industries and (2) Environmental headings. “Industries” is provided by incorporating NACE (nomenclature des activités économiques dans la Communauté européenne) and Environmental headings is provided by incorporating GEMET. Using COFOG, EUROVOC, NACE, NUTS does not make the picture complete enough. Various other facets of administration are useful to include: • Organs of administration (Ministries, Departments, Units, Committees etc.); • Functions of administration (Finance, Foreign Affairs, Education, Health, etc.); • Services (Provision of specific administrative, health, social services to citizens); • Industrial stimulation, monitoring, and regulation; and • Jurisdictions (Countries, European bodies, international bodies, local government bodies, particularly in Federal states where the subsidiarity principle is used to enable some governmental functions to be provided at a regional, rather than a national level. In summary the ADNOM core model will consist of the following levels: Level 0 Organs: to be developed by ADNOM Level 1 Functions: COFOG Level 2 terms (top level, unexpanded) Level 2 Services: EUROVOC codes (more detailed terms) Level 3 Industries: NACE codes (more detailed terms) Level 4 Jurisdictions: NUTS codes (more detailed terms) Facets like these in combination with Published Subjects can have an important impact on the power and usability of knowledge resources. The paradigm for the power of facets is described as “Busch’s golden law of facets.” This states that (in an idealized world) “four facets of 10 nodes each have the same discriminatory power as one taxonomy of 10 000 nodes.” (a) faceted navigation helps content owners, as faceted organization enables content owners to streamline their information management processes, and (b) faceted navigation helps users find more easily what they are looking for. These advantages will be at the heart of human knowledge organization in ADNOM, and will be reflected in the way that the project develops the semantic infrastructure, knowledge resources, and meets the needs of users.
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Figure 6.3 – ADNOM core Topic Maps and Published Subject to interrelate hierarchies
Figure 6.3 shows examples/fragments of facets A, B and C (functions, jurisdictions, organs) and the role of Published Subjects and Topic Maps. Multiple hierarchies used in different systems and maintained between several organizations can be navigated seamlessly. In the figure “Parliament” appears here in two hierarchies: in the Administrative functions hierarchy and in the Government hierarchy defined by ISO 860 CD2 Terminology work – Harmonization of concepts and terms (2005). ADNOM will also implement some parts of the metamodel from the Terminology Markup Framework of ISO 16642:2003 to express structural organization of metamodel, to specify data categories and how they relate to metamodel and to indicate which vocabularies are used. The hierarchies for UK and France are connected to the ADNOM levels with Published Subjects. In the lower part is illustrated how one can make assertions between hierarchies. In this example we wish to designate or represent a term “Succeed” to assert the succession of the position “Head of State” and how to become one. The ADNOM functionalities will enable organizations to publish their terminology work on-demand; they can make statements around subjects with their point of view. Different assertions about concepts and terms can be
48 CWA 15526:2006 (E) made by several terminologists and can be selected from the PSI sets in the distributed repository. Reaching group consensus on the published concepts is then for next stages in which increasingly more and more stable and trustworthy PSI sets will be developed for European Administrative Nomenclature. Nowadays there are over 50 nationally recognized languages in the EU with historical, cultural and legal differences among the various states and regions. CEN emphasizes the importance of a long-term project undertaking to link government nomenclatures and terminologies throughout the EU.
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7 Initiation of network operation 7.1 The long-term operational network
ADNOM Chair
Secretariat Steering Group Terminology TC
Members Group: Members Group: Members Group: Terminology working groups Government organizations Commercial organizations Standardization bodies
Working Group 1
…...
Working Group 10
Figure 7.1 – ADNOM organisation structure
ADNOM will implement a transparent organizational structure as captured in the organigramm. The steering group consisting of representatives of the ADNOM partners oversees the operation of the network and elects the Chair and the secretariat. The secretariat runs the day to day business of ADNOM. It will assist the members in the practicalities arising from the cooperation requirements. The details of the organizational structure, the outline of the bylaws and the legal status of ADNOM are specified in the 2nd part of the CWA. 7.2 The long-term ADNOM network – technical aspects 7.2.1 The Functional framework
7.2.1.1 General approach A multilingual ADNOM (administrative nomenclature) is required for the ADNOM CWA. The following is based on the principles already agreed by the ADNOM Workshop of using existing resources, and builds on proposals set out in our earlier paper ADNOM(05)013: Topic Maps for European Administrative Nomenclature.
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The multilingual ADNOM administrative nomenclature proposed below is derived from a process of concept system harmonization for related nomenclatures, as definined in ISO/CD 860.2, clause 3.2 (2005). In ADNOM, this involves the harmonization of concept systems, based on existing nomenclatures. Only an English version is shown below. It conforms to ISO/CD 860.2, clause 4.2.3: Concept system harmonization: “The harmonized concept system shall consist of the harmonized concepts in each concept system and possibly of concepts that exist in one concept system but not in another. If it is justifiable, these concepts can be inserted in their appropriate place in the harmonized concept system.” The aim has been to produce a coded nomenclature for ADNOM, based on harmonizing other coded nomenclatures which are widely used in this area (namely COFOG, EUROVOC, NACE, GEMET, and NUTS), avoiding problems for harmonization at the intersection of subject fields. Details of the test topic maps will be explained in a planned separate CWA, The codes proposed for ADNOM are, either, identical to, directly based on, or algorithmically related to, the codes in COFOG, EUROVOC, NACE, GEMET and NUTS. In principle, other multilingual terminologies which conform to (a) and (b) could also be added to ADNOM at a later stage.
7.2.1.2 Methodology Within ADNOM, the widely used COFOG acts as a high-level structure, with the other concept systems (EUROVOC, NACE, NUTS) inserted in their appropriate place in the harmonized concept system, forming an overall ADNOM nomenclature. It is also intended that disaggregation should be possible as well as aggregation, so that a “COFOG view”, a “EUROVOC view”, a “NACE view”, etc., is also possible for some existing applications based on these. The analysis has followed the steps used in ISO/CD 860.2: Terminology work – harmonization of concepts and designations, clause 4.2.3, i.e. (a) starting at the concept level and continuing at the designation level; (b) undertaking a feasibility study, identifying differences and similarities between concept systems, including the contexts; (c) analyzing the context and characteristics of the concept systems; (d) producing a new set of concept systems, containing all the material from all the sources to be harmonized. The comparative analysis of the different concept systems has taken account of (e) the number of concepts included; (f) the relationships between concepts; (g) the depth of structuring;
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(h) the types of characteristics used to develop the concept system; (i) the criteria of subdivision used to develop the concept system. These are reflected in the tables in this section. There will also be a detailed nomenclature listing all the combined terms, held in machine-readable form, in one or more XML formats.
7.2.1.3 Description of tables and codes The facets of administration used in ADNOM include • Organs of administration (Ministries, Departments, Boards, Units, Committees etc., building on information from the Terminology Service of the Prime Minister’s Office in Finland); • Functions of administration (Finance, Foreign Affairs, Education, Health, etc.); • Services of administration (Provision of specific administrative, health, or social services to citizens); • Industrial stimulation, monitoring, and regulation (increasingly a major part of government activity); and • Jurisdictions (Countries, European bodies, international bodies, local government bodies, particularly in Federal states where the subsidiarity principle is used to enable some functions of government to be provided at a regional, rather than a national level). Note It will also be possible to combine codes (and concepts) in a prescribed manner, and a prescribed citation order, to be agreed, between the elements listed in this section, which will be clear from machine-readable versions of these tables.
Topic Maps are anticipated as the most useful device both for dealing with compound terms, which combine various facets, and also for merging any identical terms. Topic Map mechanisms are documented elsewhere in this CWA.
7.2.1.4 Tables In Annex D (chapter 15) there is a list of codes and terms used in ADNOM. The main facet (Functions of Government) are based on COFOG, in Level 1 and the more detailed Level 2 below. Level 3 includes, as well as Level 2 codes, additional codes derived from codes and terms in Eurovoc (Government), NACE (Business) and GEMET (Environment). In principle, other nomenclatures could be added later. There are also additional facets (Jurisdictions, and Administrative Organs) which can be combined with the codes above to produce compound codes and terms, as is illustrated in the Test Data file. Topic Maps are envisaged as the mechanism to allow the merging of identical topics. Topic Maps will also be used to indicate relationships between broader terms and narrower terms, and other relationships between terms. In these
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tables, dots between the code and the term provide a simple visual indication of broader terms and narrower terms. Another mechanism (documented elsewhere in the CWA) allows the use of more detailed codes, terms, and identifiers, from Eurovoc, NACE and GEMET (and in principle any other coded nomenclatures that is introduced in future versions of ADNOM), in order to provide an extremely detailed, navigable, multilingual nomenclature, suited to the wide range of governmental activities in Europe. 7.2.2 The technical maintenance and use of the long- term network The flexibility of the Topic Maps model and activities within ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 ensure portability and extensibility for the information management solutions of organizations. The standard ensures compliance with other relevant standards thus for the maintenance operational network it is more a question of which organisations are maintaining it and how. One important aspect of the maintenance is guaranteeing the stability of the Published Subject sets. All the subjects listed in Annex D (section 15) need Published Subject sets and several possibilities would be possible for the URI. A published subject has a machine-readable published subject identifier (PSID, must be a URI) which must resolve to a human-interpretable published subject indicator (PSI). According to the ISTAG vision statement4 on ambient intelligence, by 2010 humans will be surrounded with intelligent interfaces supported by computing technology embedded in everyday objects. In such a scenario, the complexity of correlating the real-world objects with which humans interact and the “proxies” used to represent them in the computer domain will reach gigantic proportions. In addition, the need to distinguish between “network retrievable resources” and every other kind of subject will be even more acute. Identification through PSIs is important in implementing such intelligent interfaces. For the subject “General Public Services”, possible URIs are: • http://psi.adnom.org/code/1000 or • http://psi.adnom.org/general-public-services Thus if one should use the classification code (a terminological entry), the textual explanation (a lexical entry) as URI of the PSID (rather the code). Or even to use both for which we need two URI’s. Best practice showed so far that the terminological entry is the most reliable option. For the Published Subjects for ISO 639-1:1998 Codes for the representation of names of languages and ISO 3166-1: 1997 Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions, this same approach has been taken.
4 ISTAG report: Ambient Intelligence scenarios for 2010 (ftp://ftp.cordis.lu/pub/ist/docs/istag-wg1- final_en.pdf).
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An important aspect for the use of Published Subjects is the guarantee of an active registry functionality like described in chapter 9 on federated registries. The following statement is from the OASIS Published Subjects Technical Committee on the adoption of PSIs: “Any user that needs a PSI for a particular purpose should first consider adopting one that already exists, and then, if nothing suitable is found, create his or her own”. A good question that has been posted by Alexander Siegel is: How could a user know for sure about an existing PSI without a PSI registry, and how could the “arbitrary proliferation of PSI entries” be avoided without a PSI registry? [TMRA05] Therefore the registry functionality is an important requirement for the long term ADNOM network. On an organizational level, the creation of a new PSI has to be approved by the ADNOM secretariat. 7.2.3 Conformance to the ADNOM SKC-model template For the maintenance of the long-term network and the use of Published Subjects within the previous described ADNOM Seamless Knowledge Core model one should conform to the requirements as defined by the Published Subjects Technical Committee. The Conceptual entry is the heart of the data category description. Therefore one needs amongst others the following 4 items: • conceptual entry • entry identifier • definition • source which can be regarded as items for the template. The following figure shows the main concepts one needs for a Published Subject Set. These concepts for Published Subjects map exactly with the 4 conceptual entry items.
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The subject identifier that one needs to define is the Conceptual Entry. The subject indicator is the entry identifier. And the document itself with the description is the Definition. The source for the conceptual entry is a recommendation by the OASIS Published Subject Technical Committee (Recommendation 5, see reference in chapter 2; a PSI should identify its publisher). 7.3 The long term ADNOM: network of organisations 7.3.1 European and National sources Several projects with relevance within ADNOM are currently ongoing in Europe.
IMI-Project The Internal Market Information project (IMI) of DG-MARKT (see http://www.europarl.eu.int/hearings/20050915/imco/dg_markt_en.pdf) has as a requirement to link up to “competent authorities database” and thus it is closely related to the federated registry of ADNOM. Collaboration efforts in this project should also liaise with ADNOM and the CEN/ISSS eGovernment Focus Group that is supposed to make
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recommendations to the Commission and Member States. Similar approaches within ADNOM and IMI of DG-MARKT include the following: “Tools for Member States will be provided for adding, updating, validating and deleting data. The prototype should also show how competent authorities will be able to self register in the database and how it will be possible to find a local or regional competent authority in another Member State using a geographical search facility as well as the usual search criteria (for example: search by country, policy area, type of competent authority).”
IDABC IDABC (see http://europa.eu.int/idabc/) stands for Interoperable Delivery of European eGovernment Services to public Administrations, Business and Citizens. It takes advantage of the opportunities offered by information and communication technologies: • to encourage and support the delivery of cross-border public sector services to citizens and enterprises in Europe, • to improve efficiency and collaboration between European public administrations and, • to contribute to making Europe an attractive place to live, work and invest. To achieve its objectives, IDABC issues recommendations, develops solutions and provides services that enable national and European administrations to communicate electronically while offering modern public services to businesses and citizens in Europe. The programme also provides financing to projects addressing European policy requirements, thus improving cooperation between administrations across Europe. National public sector policy-makers are represented in the IDABC programme's management committee and in many expert groups. This makes of the programme a unique forum for the coordination of national e-government policies.
ePSINet ePSIGate (see http://www.epsigate.org/) is the Web portal created and maintained by ePSINet, the European Public Sector Information Network. The objective of this portal is to provide a knowledge-sharing, alerting and advisory service targeted to the needs of all stakeholders in Public Sector Information in Europe, including public administrators, commercial users and end-user representatives. 7.3.2 ADNOM organisations These organisations are the maintainers/partners of the ADNOM network and the system. Current partners/experts/members are:
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• commercial organisations with expertise about the relevant software standards. This list can be extended with more organisations in Europe in order to support the operation of ADNOM in all European countries. IPR arrangements will make sure that publicly available terminology is not used for commercial purposes unless covered by PPP agreements. • Organisations working in the field of Terminology. These organisations can act as the maintainers of the ADNOM Seamless Core Model. • Network organisations such as COTSOES. ADNOM is liaising with: • ISO/TC37 “Terminology and other language resources” • CEN/ISSS CDFG “Cultural Diversity Focus Group” • CEN/ISSS eBIF “European eBusiness Interoperability Forum” • CEN/ISSS eGovernment Focus Group 7.3.3 Related networks Environment Knowledge Organisation Lab (EKOLab, http://uta.iia.cnr.it/), is focusing on the environmental knowledge organisation. In particular the issues concerning the development of mono- and multi-lingual environmental thesauri, of faceted and thematic classification schemes, of environmental terminological reference systems were dealt with. ADNOM is in contact with EKOLAB for its environmental thesaurus which can be combined with the ADNOM-SKC-model, the EARTh thesaurus and GEMET. LuMriX.net. • It will enable the Health area of ADNOM to be greatly expanded. • the work of CEN/TC251 (Health Informatics in this area)
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8 Metalanguage, metaterminology, and principles EU member states, by signing their accession treaties, were granted the right and, reciprocally, pledged to feed their respective national languages into the terminology databases of the EU so as to facilitate and ensure comprehensive documentation procedures and ease practical understanding and usage, to be spelled out in terms of accessibility, availability, and reliability. While EU-terminologists succeeded in feeding the individual institutions’ databases with EU-vocabulary at random and IATE, the “all-inclusive” database has reached trial stage, this procedure did and does not work for administrative terminology, the core issue of EU-activities and the irreplaceable prerequisite for transparency and comprehension of the pan-European concept. It is furthermore recognised that an administrative nomenclature would not render the service demanded nor assist the user if it were confined to a mere database of relevant terminology, listing specific terms in dictionary fashion, without the necessary, sometimes fairly detailed, information and explanation about the concepts. The addressee for ADNOM terminology would be the expert looking for a reliable service, the civil servant in need of selective information, as much as universities, the industry, the press and the EU-citizen as such. Whoever the user, he or she will want to embark on a solid vessel and be able to follow a most navigable route indeed. The solution would, no doubt, have to be a prototypical metalanguage incorporating the idiosyncrasies of individual member states’ legal systems and administrative infrastructures, offering comparison charts as far as possible and providing for the presentation of special features necessitating additional explanation and references. This metaterminology would offer a cross-border approach to administration, encompassing general portfolios in line with international law and EU-legislation but ensuring the inclusion of, and/or individual links to, national varieties. It would accomplish a mission the founding spirits of the European Union must have had in mind already. In order to illustrate the importance of precise denominations a description of the respective administrative set-up of the country referred to should precede the relevant terminology, pinpointing at the legal sources and the historical developments having shaped current provisions. For this metaterminology to become true, the elaboration of the metalanguage required will need close co-operation of terminologists, jurists and computer experts, falling in step with each other to assure professional synergy and to successfully tackle any problems cropping up. For ADNOM to become popular and, consequently, be readily promoted by those approached for assistance and participation and, subsequently, accepted by an ever more demanding clientele, the product offered would have to be an
58 CWA 15526:2006 (E) apparently simple solution (a product easy to handle) and not show the fairly sophisticated process behind the screen (in the literal meaning). There is growing concern and relevant objections keep being voiced that the obvious procedure to be adopted has not yet been laid down convincingly. The need for proper incorporation of terminology databases which have been operated for a long time already by language services of national governments and which provide excellent, professional terminology should be the overall guideline in all ongoing discussions and evaluations. Such terminology is well established and reflects the actual usage of terms by the respective administrations themselves. Ignoring the long-practiced way of these terminology databases in using administrative terms would probably lead to a non acceptance of the project by the language services concerned and, consequently, by large parts of national administrations. It would appear imperative to find ways of including not only the approved administrative databases as such but first of all including the terminologists who have elaborated them and are the responsible government employees in all linguistic fields. It cannot be expected that a professional will part with a database conscientiously prepared and updated by him or her and leave the product to outsiders for further handling. A respective survey undertaken by the Project Team and presented in chapter 5 and Annex A (chapter 12) of this CWA shows that properly addressed the potential candidates for co-operation in ADNOM will respond favourably and not only join forces to ensure a successful future of the project but also provide for access to other international bodies either engaged in the preparation of terminology bases themselves or interested in becoming partners on the receiver side. 8.1 A functional ADNOM metaterminology would have to guarantee • the possible inclusion or further addition of whatever country already a member of the EU or becoming a member in the future; • the necessary software to permit the representation of whatever language is required to be represented, including all diacritical signs and intrinsic forms of punctuations; • a priori the inclusion of all the languages used in a country, whether the dominant language or used by minorities (for both political and linguistic reasons) for the sake of offering a complete set of variants encountered in a country; • the unproblematic addition of footnotes, annotations, and practical explanations (above all as regards references to legal documents); • the free, unlimited accessibility by the general public around the clock with no intellectual property rights restrictions.
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In order to meet these requirements appropriate quality management procedures will be developed and adopted by the ADNOM network. 8.2 The metaterminology registry should
Part I • be strictly confined to administrative terminology; • be accomplished by professionals, i.e. qualified terminologists in cooperation with jurists familiar with international affairs (possibly involved in ongoing processes); • be constantly updated5; • provide for, and invite, feedback from the user to be dealt with accordingly.
Part II • be elaborated according to the guidelines of COTSOES (i.e. the respective guidelines as published by the Federal Chancellery in Berne/Switzerland); • be configured in line with ISO/TC 37 principles (in particular ISO 704, ISO 15188, etc.); • be compatible, preferably also structured in unison with VIBLI (subject to approval by the author/owner!); • use the prototype template already successfully employed by WTO and by the Swiss Federal Chancellery for the SCHENGEN termbase, this because of the underlying (and practice-tested) principle of not only giving a definition for every term but also a full phrase or several where appropriate and the obligatory reference. The following specifications would appear applicable: The metalanguage of ADNOM is expected to comprise a methodology of terminology management that is based on the framework of standards as developed by ISO/TC 37 “Terminology and other content and language resources”. In the following, some basic data on the work of this international committee are given for easier further reference. 8.3 ISO/TC 37 Terminology and other language and content resources ISO/TC 37 was founded in 1936 and re-established in 1951.
5 This updating will present one of the most crucial aspects indeed. In order to assure up-to-date information, especially as regards the so very problematic “terms of the day”, ever and again proliferating in the wake of political events, a particular service would have to be ascertained. No governmental language service will undertake the responsibility of providing for this …
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Scope: Standardisation of principles, methods and applications relating to terminology and other language and content resources in the contexts of multilingual communication and cultural diversity. Detailed descriptions of ISO/TC 37 and its sub-groups and products are found in Annex E (chapter 16) of this CWA. 8.4 Conclusion of this chapter All these ISO/TC 37 standards are a “tertium comparationis” for national and local specifications and standards so that they can be mapped to each other. It should be pointed out that this does not mean that such local traditions and conceptions should be replaced by international procedures. And a final consideration: UNESCO has been promoting “Biodiversity of Languages” so as to ensure the reliable preservation of cultural heritage and mutual understanding. To this effect it has passed the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions brings Cultural Diversity. In line with this philosophy a “linguo-diversity” (providing for the country-specific legal and cultural features) should be maintained in administrative nomenclature, and should be conscientiously documented upon having been mutually agreed.
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9 Federated registries 9.1 Scope of the chapter This chapter specifies the requirements for members of the long-term ADNOM network wishing to conform to the conformance levels “technical cooperation” and “advanced technical cooperation”. Technical cooperation allows ADNOM partners to use the advantages of the ADNOM federated registry to make, at their choice, all or a part of their terminological resources locatable and accessible to selected users, all users with certain roles or to the general public, while retaining full control over their data repositories and the access to those repositories. If the site does not also support advance technical cooperation, it may have to use its own access control to their terminological resources. Advanced technical cooperation enables fully integrated searches and seamless access to the data sets in the data repositories for selected or all users to all or part of the members’ resources, while not compromising in any way the members’ full control over their data repositories or the access to those repositories. Note 1 For an ADNOM member to claim conformance with one of these conformance levels, it is not necessary to actually make any data accessible to outside users.
Note1 Technical cooperation is not a requirement for full participation in the ADNOM network.
Note It is expected that advanced technical cooperation will only exceptionally be achieved in the first phase of the ADNOM long-term network and that most efforts will be directed towards enabling technical cooperation. 9.2 ebXML registries This CWA requires the use of ebXML registries for the conformance levels “technical cooperation” and “advanced technical cooperation”. ebXML Registries are standardized in the OASIS standards ebXML Registry Services and Protocols (RS) and ebXML Registry Information Model (RIM), both in their version 3.0.
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Figure 9.1 – Simplified view of ebXML Registry Architecture (source: [RS], Figure 1)
The long-term ADNOM network shall set up a central ebXML registry that shall serve two functions: • for technical cooperation: act as a central registry that links the repositories of the participating ADNOM members with the centralized metadata • for advanced technical cooperation: act as the registry federation as formally defined in [RS], 9.2. Both functions guarantee that each ADNOM member continues to have full control over their data and the associated access rights, while at the same time offering a centralized interface to the user. 9.3 Requirements for technical cooperation 9.3.1 Cooperation with the ADNOM secretariat To conform to the requirements of technical cooperation an ADNOM member needs to inform the ADNOM network secretariat about their willingness to link all or part of their resources via the ADNOM registry. In particular, they must ensure that proper metadata is available in the registry to add references to the data repositories, the parts of data repositories or the individual terminological datasets that the member wants to share. Links is used here in a very wide sense. Examples of links include: • References to specific repository objects; • Hyperlinks to resources on the web;
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• Addresses, telephone numbers, email addresses or any other information that would enable a user to get in touch with the provider of the terminological data. The owner of each item controls the access rights to these data. Additionally, the ADNOM member can indicate that the registry entry (= the metadata) is to be visible only to users of certain organizations or roles (e.g. administrators). Note Optionally, the ADNOM member can also propose that the authentication for accessing the registry entry be done via an authentication mechanism provided by the member. In this case, the secretariat will check the technical viability of this request and make a suitable decision.
If the ADNOM registry contains only hyperlinks or address information for the ADNOM members’ resources, no technical changes are usually needed on their part. 9.3.2 Topic Maps as classification scheme Topic Maps offer a standardized format for flexible classification that is particularly adapted to the classification of terminology. Since [RS] allows for the integration of application-defined classification schemes, the long-term ADNOM network will integrate topic maps into the federated registry by implementing the interfaces specified in chapter 4 of RIM. 9.3.3 Administrative rules The ADNOM secretariat will define and, if necessary, update the exact administrative rules to be followed and inform the ADNOM members accordingly. 9.4 Requirements for advanced technical cooperation 9.4.1 Registry implementation An ADNOM member aiming for advanced technical cooperation must provide a conformant registry implementation (the “local implementation”, as defined below) for integration into the registry federation, which, in the term of [RS], functions as the registry peer.
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Figure 9.2 – Registry federations (Source: ebXML Registry Services and Protocols version 3.0, figure 22)
The member must implement at least the following sections of [RS]: • 6.1 “Ad Hoc Query Protocol”; • 6.5 “Filter Query Syntax”; • 9.2 “Registry federation”, specifically 9.2.2 “Local Vs. Federated Queries”, “9.2.7 Federations and Security”, and 9.2.8 “Federation Lifecycle Management Protocols”; • 10 “Registry Security” without the optional support for the SAML profile; • 12 “Native Language Support (NLS)”. A conforming local implementation is free to treat all queries that it receives as local queries. Note 1 Implementing these sections on top of a local repository can be done for example through a thin interface layer on top of the registry or through the use of an existing [RS] conformant implementation such as the Open Source reference implementation OMAR (http://ebxmlrr.sourceforge.net/index.html).
Note 2 A future revision of this document might prescribe the use of the SAML profile once conforming Authentication Authorities become more widespread and software support matures.
Since [RS] only defines a set of interfaces, it can be built on top of existing local data sources of the most varied kind (SQL databases, object-oriented databases, custom storage systems) and respects the ADNOM partners’ current strategy for information storage. The local implementation must generate a RegistryError if it receives a request of a type that it does not support. The RegistryError must specify the reason of the error. The ADNOM member may then opt to join the registry federation. It may opt to leave the federation at any time. It should notifiy the secretariat of this decision.
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9.4.2 Data exchange format The database application shall use a common interchange format and export filter for terminological data if such data is transmitted between the local registry, the ADNOM registry federation and the registry client. The interchange format should be compliant to the generic mapping tool (GMT) as defined in ISO 16642: 2003 Computer applications in terminology — Terminological markup framework in the normative Annex A. This CWA imposes no restriction on the local storage format of any ADNOM member. 9.4.3 Querying federated registries A client can then issue a single query against multiple registries and get back a single response that contains results based on all the data contained in all the registries. From the client’s perspective it is issuing its query against a single logical registry that has the union of all data within all the physical registries.
Figure 9.3 – Querying the ADNOM registry
In order to seamlessly query the registry federation, conformant clients must treat the federated attribute of the AdhocQueryRequest as an obligatory attribute. Its value must be true (cf. [RS] 6.1.1.1). 9.5 Prototypical implementation [informative] The project team is implementing a prototypical implementation to show: • the operation of ebXML registries; • the integration of a Topic Map engine into the ebXML registry implementation as a classification scheme; • the cooperation between the future ADNOM registry and existing repositories (technical cooperation) and the ADNOM registry and a local registry (advanced technical cooperation).
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The guiding principles of the prototypical implementation will be described in a planned separate CWA. 9.6 Registries and repositories [informative] 9.6.1 Registries and repositories A repository (and especially a repository conformant to [RS]) can store electronic content. Such content could for example be: • XML documents, • Text documents, • Multimedia files. Instances of such content are referred to as repository items. In an ebXML registry, repository items can be stored internally in a content repository defined in [RS| and integrated with the registry itself, but it can also contain references to external repository items. In addition to repository items, an ebXML Registry can also store standardized metadata that can be used for further description of repository items. Instances of such metadata are referred to generically as registry objects. These registry objects make up the registry in the strict sense. 9.6.2 The library metaphor These concepts are similar to the working of a library. Registry and repository together make up the library itself. The repository is like the vault with the bookshelves of the library on which the repository items, e.g. the individual books and CDs, are stored. The repository items can be of various types and can contain all sorts of contents. The registry is like the card catalogue of the library. Its structure facilitates the location of data. Furthermore, a single card catalogue can use various classification schemes, e.g. by author and by topic. An individual card of the catalogue represents a registry object. All cards must conform to certain standardized rules. Every book (repository item) in the library must have a card (registry object) describing it. Without such a card, it would not be possible to locate the book. In addition to the local books, a card catalogue often contains references to books stored elsewhere, e.g. in institute libraries, archives or other libraries altogether (external repository items). Note: the library metaphor is heavily inspired by the excellent exposition in [RIM], 1.5.
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9.6.3 Catalogues without books Many catalogues do not belong to any specific library at all, but present the books of a network of libraries. In this case, all references in the catalogue point to external repository items. Sometimes, these references are broad, say to a given research library that collects all books for a given topic. The potential reader then has to actually go to that library and apply for permission to consult that book according to that library’s rules. Often this implies applying for a reader’s permit which may or may not be granted depending on the reader’s credentials. In other situations, the reference may point to a specific signature in a given library and give the reader the direct option to order that book via interlibrary loan. The ADNOM registry is conceptually very similar to the type of catalogue described here. By itself, it does not contain any repository items, but consists of a list of references to external repositories. Sometimes, the level of cooperation is rather loose, as in the case of the library to which the reader has to actually go to consult the book. In other cases, the cooperation is closer, allowing the user to access the member’s repository item seamlessly. While the second option may be more convenient from a user’s perspective, both scenarios offer significant benefits. 9.6.4 Storage of information in the ebXML registry All repository items in an ebXML Registry are implicitly version-controlled resources. The ebXML Registry Information Model [RIM] on which [RS] builds prescribes a set of metadata for each entry in the ebXML registries. However, it also allows for: • extended, application-defined metadata for each entry, • storage of application-defined XML documents (and other data types), • linking each entry to one or more application-defined classification schemes. [RS] goes a long way towards defining flexible content management services for highly structured information in an eServices context. It guarantees a security infrastructure (who may enter or alter data and under which circumstances? what security guarantees must be given? etc.), defines a version control, life-cycle management and validation mechanisms and, above all, specifies very powerful query support (ad hoc queries, SQL queries, filter queries etc.) that include the automatic cataloguing of XML content and content-based discovery.
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10 Recommendations See also Annex F (chapter 17), being a declaration adopted by an international conference held in Brussels on 1 December 2005.
Recommendation 1 In order to set up the organizational ADNOM network, stake holder institutions and networks such as COTSOES and its members, companies, standards bodies, governmental institutions, NGOs, etc. are invited to create a consortium and take the necessary measures (working group procedures, IPR agreements, etc.) for a sustainable implementation.
Recommendation 2 In setting up the technical operations of the ADNOM network, quality principles such as correctness, user friendliness, accessibility, etc. should be followed.
Recommendation 3 In whatever work involved, allow for compliance with ISO standards, as well as OASIS standards, among them those listed in this document. The use of Published Subjects should conform to the requirements as defined by the Published Subjects Technical Committee.
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11 Annex A – Survey responses This Annex relates to chapter 5 of this CWA. 11.1 Austria The situation in Austria is a truly exceptional one in the absence of any official language service as such. Whatever text is furnished and/or published by the Federal Chancellery, the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs or any other ministry or official body, is an outsourced text provided by a freelancer and in no way revised linguistically or as regards the subject matter. Unofficially, the situation reads as follows. The Federal Ministry of the Interior has provided for an Austrian branch of INTERPOL with a translation and interpretation unit, exclusively responsible for security and policy matters and closely co-operating with Wiesbaden Bundeskriminalamt in Germany. It goes without saying that their databases are strictly confidential- but for the fact that this language service has been co- operating with the Federal Chancellery in Berne/Switzerland as regards the SCHENGEN terminology elaborated by COTSOES. The SCHENGEN terminology database is expected to become accessible by the end of 2006. The press and information service of the City of Vienna (Rathaus) offers multilingual information, organizational charts, and topic maps the Austrian style, and is also engaged in relevant translations. The respective URL reads: http://www.Wien.gv.at/english/politics/translation/index.htm. (A personal contact has been established and co-operation with ADNOM is welcome) The Arts Section of the Federal Chancellery (Kunstsektion des Bundeskanzleramtes) offers a special service, accessible under http://www.art.austria.gv.at/. The menu offers a “Glossary from A-Z” in both English and German, not really a database but a list of cultural institutions, publications, conventions, and other Austrian activities and particularities, with always a short explanation added. The Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour had been running the sole universally operational language service of the Republic of Austria for twenty years but terminated this service as at the end of 2005. Under the auspices of the Federal Ministry of Education, Science and the Arts (Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Kunst) the Center for Translation Studies at Vienna University undertook to arrange for Austria to be represented in the German Terminology Group of the European Commission in Brussels, and COTSOES. The minutes and deliverables of the Brussels group are available at Vienna University but not on the Internet.
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11.1.1 Bundesministerium für Inneres – Federal Ministry of the Interior Herrengasse 7 AT-1010 Wien Website: http://www.bmi.gv.at/ 11.1.2 HELP-Service for foreign citizens Website: http://www.help.gv.at/ Glossary: http://www.help.gv.at/Content.Node/150/ Seite.1500005.html Domains: administration, civil rights, citizenship Number of records: 11 Languages: en, de Fields: term, equivalent, explanation, note, cross-reference Begriffslexikon: http://www.help.gv.at/Content.Node/index_buerger.html Domains: administration Number of records: 376 Languages: de Fields: term, synonym, explanation, note, cross-reference 11.1.3 Kunstsektion des Bundeskanzleramtes English name: Federal Chancellery – Arts Division Original title: Lexikon von Sachbegriffen der Kunstförderung des Bundeskanzleramtes English title: Glossary of terms and concepts used in the arts funding programme of the Federal Chancellery Web site: http://www.art.austria.gv.at/ Glossar A-Z: http://www.bundeskanzleramt.at/DesktopDefault.aspx? TabID=3748&Alias=kunst Domains: Culture Languages: en, de Number of Records: 58 Fields: Varies with the records, which may contain names of structures, grants or boards, historical data, legal data, factual data, cross-references.
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11.1.4 City of Wien – Stadt Wien Rathaus AT-1082 Wien Web site: http://www.wien.gv.at/ Trilingual Glossary – Die Organisation der Wiener Stadtverwaltung / The Organisation of the Vienna City Administration / L’organisation administrative de la Mairie de Vienne: http://www.wien.gv.at/english/politics/translation/index.htm Domains: Administration; Political bodies; Chief Executive Office; Municipal Departments; Special Assignments; Special bodies not subject to directions; Special appellate authorities; Municipal District Offices; Executive Office for Urban Planning, Development and Construction Languages: de, en, fr Number of records: 156 Fields: Terms, links, factual data 11.2 Belgium 11.2.1 Centre for terminology and communication – Centrum voor Vaktaal en Communicatie Dept. of Applied Linguistics – Erasmushogeschool Brussel Trierstraat 84 BE-1040 Brussels fax: +32 (0)2 230 99 90 • PoCeHRMOM – Project omtrent Competenties en functies in e-HRM voor technologische toepassingen op het Semantisch Web door Ontologie en Meertalige terminologie Fund: IWT - TETRA Period: 01/09/05 - 31/08/07 Description: This project wants to explore the use of a common multilingual knowledge resource of function names, task descriptions and basic competences for the Semantic Web. The knowledge resource will be stored and maintained on an ontological platform in order to allow information exchange between several web applications. • OMTOFIR – Ontology-based, Multilingual Terminology On Functions In Retailing Fund: RaDO (Research fund of Erasmushogeshool Brussels) (http://cvc.ehb.be/Projects.htm#OMTOFIR) Period: 01/10/04 - 30/09/05
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Description: The aim of this project is to study methodologies for developing multilingual, ontologically underpinned terminological dictionaries. The project takes as case-study the construction of a quadrilingual dictionary (Dutch, English, French and German) covering function terms in the domain of retailing. • FF POIROT – Financial Fraud Prevention-Oriented Information Resources using Ontology Technology Fund: IST-EU 5th Framework (http://cvc.ehb.be/Projects.htm#ffpoirot) Period: 01/09/2002 - 31/08/2005 Description: This project aims at compiling for several languages (Dutch, Italian, French and English) a computationally tractable and sharable knowledge repository (= a formal description of categories and their meaningful relationships) for the financial forensics domain. This resource or “ontology” may be commercially exploited as a set of Semantic Web services. The ontology may be an eXtended Mark-up Language database or a Resource Description Framework Schema instance. For more information: http://www.ffpoirot.org/ Task CVC: CVC has to compile a quadrilingual termbase on VAT fraud and stock marked fraud (Work Package 4). Next to this, CVC partakes in the conceptual modelling. • OMTFI – Ontologically based Multilingual electonic Terminology for Tax Law (Ontologisch onderbouwde Meertalige elektronische Terminologie over FIscaliteit) Fund: RaDO (Research fund of Erasmushogeshool Brussels) (http://cvc.ehb.be/Projects.htm#OMTOFIR) Period: 01/10/03 - 30/09/04 Description: This project wants to explore the feasibility of a twofold theoretical and methodological extension within the field of terminography. At the microstructural level, lexicological and contextual information will be added to the terminological records. At the macrostructural level, the term base will be linked to an ontology, allowing for querying methods which were not possible before. 11.2.2 NL-Term Vereniging voor Nederlandstalige Terminologie Secretariaat NL-TERM Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst Campus Vlekho Koningsstraat 336 BE-1030 Brussels Fax: +32 (0)2 219 78 79 Website: http://www.nlterm.org/
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NL-TERM is a professional non-governmental association of professionals involved with terminology in their daily work. Definition of Administrative nomenclature: Titles of ministries, departments, agencies etc., as well as the titles of functionaries. Extension of ADNOM to other fields of terminology: YES In the “ideas” section below we have answered “yes” to questions which suggest overlap between governmental and non-governmental domains. This is a consequence of two considerations: (1) governments have an overall responsibility for (maintenance of) effective and unambiguous terminology and nomenclature in a perpetual dialogue with the societal actors and other language users, in order to optimise communication in society; (2) administrations are not (and should not) be isolated from the rest of society, also terminologically. Administrations are in a constant dialogue with private and other sectors and with citizens in all societal domains. As a consequence it is impossible in practice to label some terms as “purely administrative” and others as “purely non-administrative”. But, if the starting point is the administration, it should be possible to identify some fields as having higher priority than other fields to deal with in a project. “Extension of the ADNOM project” may be interpreted in this way: which are the priority fields and which fields might be treated later? For NL-TERM, nomenclature (about government administrations) is seen as a choice for a first priority field. As it is a beginning, good results are very important.
Administrative nomenclature can include: Source ISO 704 – Part 7 Appellations
Bodies, organizations and institutions – Public entities, private companies, committees, associations, federations, panels, boards, commissions, etc.
Titles of meetings – Names of conferences, conventions, congresses, summits, symposia, round tables, trade shows, colloquia, forums or fora, seminars, etc. – Academic, vocational and professional courses, seminars, workshops and programs
Position titles – Civil, military religious or academic ranks
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– Titles of courtesy (forms of address) and titles of nobility
Program names – Names and titles of projects, plans, strategies, initiatives, policies
Honorary distinctions – Names of awards, trophies, medals, decorations, honorary titles, etc.
Social phenomena – Names of religious denominations, religious orders, deities, campaigns, holidays, historical events and periods, commemorative events, social attractions and sporting events
Toponyms, ethnonyms and names of public spaces – Geographic place names (toponyms) such as geographic features (whether they be undersea, lunar or extraterrestrial), geological features, geopolitical entities, names of buildings, facilities, monuments and other public spaces (such as highways and roadways, parks, or urban spaces) – Official geographical place names approved by an authoritative body at the local, national or international level
Methods and procedures – Names of unique procedures, calculations and rating systems, taxes and tax credits, tests and exams, surveys and models – Names of funds, sums of money set apart for a specific objective. These include mutual funds, investment funds and accounts (excluding brand names)
Document names – Names of laws, regulations and other pieces of legislation, decrees, treaties, agreements, conventions, accords, licences and permits as well as the names of policies, directives, standards and guidelines, frameworks, forms and other similar documents – Names of degrees, diplomas, certificates and other professional designations
Source COFOG – Classification of Functions of Governments General public services
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Defence Public order and safety Economic affairs Environmental protection Housing and communities amenities Health Recreation, culture and religion Social protection
11.2.3 SPF Affaires étrangères, Commerce extérieur Coopération au Développement – Service des Traductions – FOD Buitenlandse Zaken, Buitenlandse Handel en Ontwikkelingssamenwerking P&C5 Traductions Rue Brederode 6 BE-1000 Brussels German name: Auswärtige Angelegenheiten, Aussenhandel und Entwicklungszusammenarbeit English name: Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation Web site: http://www.diplomatie.be/en/default.asp Software used: Word; Access Languages: mostly fr nl (+ en de) Definition of Administrative nomenclature: Any document that officially sets, in one language or more, denominations of administrative realities or other, as any document or system in which these denominations are gathered. Extension of ADNOM to other fields of terminology: YES, once the network is operational in this field. The choice of fields depends upon members.
Domains Languages Software Fields Accessibility Target audience Noms Mostly fr nl + Word; Access / denominations, local / Internet service / public d’administrations, de en de Internet Explorer expressions services publics Organigrammes Mostly fr nl Word; Access, denominations local / Internet service / public Acrobat, etc/ Internet Explorer
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Domains Languages Software Fields Accessibility Target audience Titres d’emplois Mostly fr nl Word; Access, denominations, local / Internet service / public dans l’administration Excel / Internet expressions Explorer Administrative Mostly fr nl (+ Word; Access Denominations, Local Service nomenclature cf en de) expressions Definition
Administrative nomenclature can include Source ISO 704 – Part 7 Appellations
Bodies, organizations and institutions – Public entities, private companies, committees, associations, federations, panels, boards, commissions, etc.
Titles of meetings – Names of conferences, conventions, congresses, summits, symposia, round tables, trade shows, colloquia, forums or fora, seminars, etc. – Academic, vocational and professional courses, seminars, workshops and programs
Position titles – Civil, military religious or academic ranks – Titles of courtesy (forms of address) and titles of nobility
Program names – Names and titles of projects, plans, strategies, initiatives, policies
Honorary distinctions – Names of awards, trophies, medals, decorations, honorary titles, etc.
Toponyms, ethnonyms and names of public spaces – Geographic place names (toponyms) such as geographic features (whether they be undersea, lunar or extraterrestrial), geological features, geopolitical entities, names of buildings, facilities, monuments and other public spaces (such as highways and roadways, parks, or urban spaces) – Official geographical place names approved by an authoritative body at the local, national or international level
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Methods and procedures – Names of unique procedures, calculations and rating systems, taxes and tax credits, tests and exams, surveys and models – Names of funds, sums of money set apart for a specific objective. These include mutual funds, investment funds and accounts (excluding brand names)
Document names – Names of laws, regulations and other pieces of legislation, decrees, treaties, agreements, conventions, accords, licences and permits as well as the names of policies, directives, standards and guidelines, frameworks, forms and other similar documents – Names of degrees, diplomas, certificates and other professional designations
Source COFOG – Classification des fonctions des administrations publiques Services généraux des administrations publiques Défense Ordre et sécurité publics Ordre et sécurité publics Protection de l’environnement Logements et équipements collectifs Santé Loisirs, culture et culte Protection sociale
11.3 Èire 11.3.1 An Coiste Téarmaíochta Foras na Gaeilge 27 North Frederick St. Dublin 1 Éire Definition of Administrative nomenclature: A system of names and terms associated with the field of administration
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Extension of ADNOM to other fields of terminology: YES: Health, Finance/Banking, Business Database of Public Service Terminology: http://www.gaeilge.ie/using/terms/terms.asp Web site for terminology: http://www.acmhainn.ie/
Domains Languages Software Fields Accessibility Target Number audience Administrative en-ga MS Word , Term, equivalent Web site: public 2300 nomenclature MS Excel www.gaeilge.ie as defined above Names of en-ga MS Excel Term, equivalent Web site public 50 government administration offices Job titles in en-ga MS Excel Term, equivalent Web site public 70 public administration School system Term, equivalent In terminology preparation Terminology en-ga MS Word Term, equivalent, printed dictionary public relating to grammatical labels, taxation some contextual phrases; Others en-ga MS Excel Term, equivalent Web site public 600
Administrative nomenclature can include Source ISO 704 – Part 7 Appellations
Bodies, organizations and institutions – Public entities, private companies, committees, associations, federations, panels, boards, commissions, etc.
Titles of meetings – Academic, vocational and professional courses, seminars, workshops and programs
Program names – Names and titles of projects, plans, strategies, initiatives, policies
Methods and procedures – Names of unique procedures, calculations and rating systems, taxes and tax credits, tests and exams, surveys and models
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– Names of funds, sums of money set apart for a specific objective. These include mutual funds, investment funds and accounts (excluding brand names)
Document names – Names of degrees, diplomas, certificates and other professional designations
Source COFOG – Classification of Functions of Governments General public services Defence Public order and safety Economic affairs Environmental protection Housing and communities amenities Health Recreation, culture and religion Social protection
11.4 Denmark 11.4.1 DANTERMcentret – Danish Centre for terminology Dalgas Have 15 DK-2000 Frederiksberg fax: +45 38153820 [email protected] http://www.danterm.dk/dantermcen-en.htm The DANTERMcentre is Denmark’s national centre for terminology and one of the country’s leading consultancy and development centres in the fields of language technology, terminology and concept organisation. The Centre is part of the Department of Computational Linguistics at the Copenhagen Business School and the employees all have a background in IT or computational linguistics. It is the aim of the DANTERMcentre to:
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• disseminate knowledge of language technology and terminology • develop language technology tools • contribute to the promotion of concept organisation in the construction of IT systems • assist public authorities and others in achieving concept clarification create a wide national and international network within terminology and language technology 11.5 Estonia 11.5.1 Eesti Õiguskeele Keskus Tõnismägi 8 Tallinn 10119 Estonia fax: +372 6461075 email: [email protected] Website: http://www.legaltext.ee/indexen.htm
Terminology Database – Esterm Domain: law Languages: de, en, et, fr, fi Fields: Record number, subject, last modified, translated from, English term, Estonian term, term reference, Definition of the concept represented by the terms on the record, Definition reference, Context in the original language that illustrates the usage of the term, Context reference, Abbreviation, Synonym, Variant Accessibility: Internet website: http://www.legaltext.ee/en/esterm/findeks.htm ESTERM old version contained 49114 bilingual entries (en-et). The new version has been enriched with French, Finnish, German. It includes the glossaries below.
Multilingual EU Glossary Domain: European union treaties Amount of data: 389 Languages: de, en, et, fr, fi Fields: term, equivalent Accessibility: Internet
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Estonian Legal Terms Glossary Domain: Estonian legal system Amount of data: Languages: en, et Fields: term, source, contexts, equivalent, definition Software: Trados Multiterm Accessibility: Internet
EU Legal Terms Glossary Domain: EU legal terms Languages: en, et Fields: English term, Estonian term, source, definition, context, synonym Software: Trados Multiterm Accessibility: Internet
Migration Glossary Domain Amount of data: 1200 keywords Languages: en, et, ru Fields: Estonian term, English term, Russian term, synonym, source. Accessibility: Internet Target audience: Officials who deal with the area of justice and home affairs of the EU and with the Estonian legislation regulating the law of aliens (Citizenship and Migration Board, Border Guard Board, Police Board, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Social Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs), translators, clients of the Citizenship and Migration Board, scholars and everyone interested in migration matters. This vocabulary was compiled by the Estonian Citizenship and Migration Board under the EU PHARE project “Support to the European Integration Process in Estonia” (sub-project 00/I/174) at the beginning of the year 2000 in co-operation with subject area specialists and the Estonian Legal Language Centre.
EC Budget Glossary Domain: Budget of the European Communities Amount of data: 815 keywords Languages: en, et, fr
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Fields: English term, Estonian term, French term, definition, phrases, synonym, context Software: Trados Multiterm Accessibility: Internet 11.6 Europe 11.6.1 EUROSTAT’s Classifications Server – RAMON http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/ramon/index.cfm?TargetUrl=DSP_PUB_WEL C Index of international statistical classifications, general descriptions, hierarchical structure and explanatory notes. 11.6.2 Eurovoc Website: http://europa.eu.int/celex/eurovoc/cgi/sga_doc?eurovoc_dif!SERVEUR/menu!pro d!MENU&langue=EN Multilingual thesaurus Domains: Fields in which the European Communities are active Languages: Albanian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Hungarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish 11.6.3 IATE – Inter-Active Terminology for Europe IATE is the combination of the previous European terminology banks, among which Eurodicautom (Commission), TIS (Council of European Union), and Euterpe (European Parliament). It should be accessible to public online during year 2006. For more information, see Annex B Web site: https://iate.cdt.eu.int/iatenew/ 11.6.4 Local Administrative Units – LAU Website: http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/ramon/nuts/lau_en.html 11.6.5 Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics – NUTS French name: Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques – NUTS German name: Systematik der Gebietseinheiten für die Statistik – NUTS,
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Three-level hierarchical classification of territorial units for the production of regional statistics for the European Union. Languages: es, da, de, el, fr, it, nl, pt, fi, sv Fields: code, name Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union Bâtiment Nouvel Hémicycle 1, rue du Fort Thüngen (Kirchberg) LU-1499 Luxembourg fax +352 421711220 e-mail: [email protected] internet: http://www.cdt.eu.int/ Europa Glossary: http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/glossary/index_en.htm Domain: European integration and the institutions and activities of the EU Number of terms: 220 terms Languages: da, de, el, en, es, fi, fr, it, nl, pt, sv Fields: explanation, see 11.7 Finland 11.7.1 Statsrådets kansli – Valtioneuvoston kanslian – Prime Minister’s Office, Government Terminology Service PO Box 23 FIN-00023 Government Web site: http://www.vnk.fi/vn/liston/vnk.lsp?r=1055&k=en Termbank Valter: http://mot.kielikone.fi/mot/valter/netmot.exe? UI=fiva2&height=157 Translations of Finnish legislation: http://www.finlex.fi/fi/ Definition of Administrative nomenclature: Names and closely related terminology that designate specific items for which no exact correspondence exists in other countries and languages.
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Domains Languages Software Fields Accessibility Target Number audience Administrative fi, en, + sv, Trados at least the term, the published Public 12 000 nomenclature de, fr in about MultiTerm ’95 source of the term, the glossaries entries according to half of the Plus! and date/time when added, phone-in definition entries. In Trados and the name of the service some cases MultiTerm iX, person who has added Internet more eu- Microsoft Word the term into termbase. (Termbank languages Included is a chart Valter) and ru displaying the information, which can be presented in a termbase entry. Names of fi, en, + sv, Trados at least the term, the published Public 400 government de, fr in about MultiTerm ’95 source of the term, the glossaries administration half of the Plus! and date/time when added, phone-in offices entries. In Trados and the name of the service some cases MultiTerm iX, person who has added Internet more eu- Microsoft Word the term into termbase. (Termbank languages Included is a chart Valter) and ru displaying the information, which can be presented in a termbase entry. Organizational Mostly fi-sv- Word and Terms phone or e-mail Public charts en (partly Power Point also fr, de, ru) Job titles in fi, en, + sv, Trados at least the term, the glossaries as Public 650 public de, fr in about MultiTerm ’95 source of the term, the books, administration half of the Plus! and date/time when added, individual terms entries. In Trados and the name of the from some cases MultiTerm iX, person who has added Government more eu- Microsoft Word the term into termbase. Terminology languages Included is a chart Service (by and ru displaying the phone or e-mail information, which can be presented in a termbase entry. School system Yliopistosana Trados Definition and as books, Public Yliopistosa terminology sto (1998): fi- MultiTerm ’95 explanation, equivalents individual terms nasto 1700 sv-en-de-fr- Plus! and from + es-ru Trados Government Korkeakoul Korkeakoulus MultiTerm iX, Terminology usanasto anasto Microsoft Word Service (by 900 (2004): fi-sv- phone or e-mail en-de-fr-es-ru Terminology fi-sv-en-de-fr Trados Definition and as books, Public 250 relating to MultiTerm ’95 explanation, equivalents. individual terms taxation Plus! and from Trados Government MultiTerm iX, Terminology Microsoft Word Service (by phone or e-mail
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Domains Languages Software Fields Accessibility Target Number audience Terminology fi, en, + sv, Trados at least the term, the published Public 360 relating to de, fr in about MultiTerm ’95 source of the term, the glossaries social welfare half of the Plus! and date/time when added, phone-in entries. In Trados and the name of the service some cases MultiTerm iX, person who has added Internet more eu- Microsoft Word the term into termbase. (Termbank languages Included is a chart Valter) and ru displaying the information, which can be presented in a termbase entry.
Administrative nomenclature can include Source ISO 704 – Part 7 Appellations
Bodies, organizations and institutions – Public entities, private companies, committees, associations, federations, panels, boards, commissions, etc.
Titles of meetings – Names of conferences, conventions, congresses, summits, symposia, round tables, trade shows, colloquia, forums or fora, seminars, etc.
Position titles – Civil, military religious or academic ranks – Titles of courtesy (forms of address) and titles of nobility
Honorary distinctions – Names of awards, trophies, medals, decorations, honorary titles, etc.
Toponyms, ethnonyms and names of public spaces – Official geographical place names approved by an authoritative body at the local, national or international level
Methods and procedures – Names of funds, sums of money set apart for a specific objective. These include mutual funds, investment funds and accounts (excluding brand names)
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Document names – Names of laws, regulations and other pieces of legislation, decrees, treaties, agreements, conventions, accords, licences and permits as well as the names of policies, directives, standards and guidelines, frameworks, forms and other similar documents – Names of degrees, diplomas, certificates and other professional designations
Source COFOG – Classification of Functions of Governments General public services Defence Public order and safety Economic affairs Environmental protection Housing and communities amenities Health Recreation, culture and religion Social protection
11.8 France 11.8.1 Agence pour le Développement de l’Administration Électronique – ADAE ADAE 85, boulevard du Montparnasse FR-75006 Paris [email protected] 11.8.2 Centre des Liaisons Européennes et Internationales de Sécurité Sociale – CLEISS 11 rue de la tour des Dames FR-75436 Paris cedex 09 Fax: 01 49 95 06 50 Website: http://www.cleiss.fr/presentation/index_en.html
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The CLEISS is the translating Department of the Social Security Funds; it carries out at their request translation into French of letters or legal, medical and administrative documents necessary to their cases. It translates about 50 000 pages a year, in 26 languages. 11.8.3 Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France – DGLFLF 6, rue des Pyramides FR-75001 Paris email: [email protected] The terminology database CRITER contains terms and definitions that have been made official by the French terminological committees of the various ministries and published in the Journal officiel de la République française. Domain: all Languages: en, fr Number of terms: 3000 Fields: terme recommandé, définition, équivalent, synonym, note, exemple, variante géographique, voir aussi, date, commission Accessibility: Internet Target audience: General public Website: http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/dglf/terminologie/base-donnees.html 11.8.4 Délégation aux Usagers et aux Simplifications Administratives – DUSA Comité de Simplification du Langage Administratif – COSLA http://www.dusa.gouv.fr/COSLA Simplification of administrative terms in the exchanges with the general public. Software LARA to help the civil servants to write in a more simple way. Administrative lexicon accessible online to the French civil servants. 11.8.5 Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques – INSEE Web site: http://www.insee.fr/ Definitions: http://www.insee.fr/fr/nom_def_met/definitions/html/accueil.htm Definitions of the concepts most often used in the public system of statistics. Nomenclatures: http://www.insee.fr/fr/nom_def_met/nomenclatures/nomenclatures.htm
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Nomenclature d’Activités Française – NAF rév. 1, 2003 Classification des Produits Français – CPF rév. 1, 2003 Nomenclature Économique de Synthèse (NES) Nomenclature d’Activités Française – NAF, 1993 Catégories Juridiques (CJ) Les nomenclatures des professions et catégories socioprofessionnelles (PCS 2003; PCS-ESE version 2003 et version 1982) Code officiel géographique 2005 Zonages d’étude 11.8.6 Ministère de la défense Glossaire des sigles et abréviations Website: http://www.defense.gouv.fr/sites/ema/decouverte/emploi_des_forces/glossaire_in terarmees/glossaire_des_sigles_et_abreviations/ 11.8.7 Ministère des affaires étrangères – MAE Département de la traduction 23 rue La Pérouse FR-75775 Paris Cedex 16 Software: Multiterm 11.9 Germany 11.9.1 Auswärtiges Amt Sprachendienst English name: Federal Foreign Office French name: Ministère fédéral des Affaires étrangères Spanish name: Ministerio Federal de Relaciones Exteriores Web site: http://www.auswaertiges- amt.de/www/de/infoservice/terminologie/index_html
Domain Title language Field Number of terms/entries Official titles of Amtliche Bezeichnungen der ar, bg, cs, da, de, el, Names of the lander 16 the Länder of Bundesländer en, es, fi, fr, he, hr, hu, the Federal it, ja, ko, mk, nl, no, pl, Republic of pt, ro, ru, sr, sv, tr, zh Germany
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Domain Title language Field Number of terms/entries Official German Deutsche Funktionsbezeichnungen de, en, es, fr For each language, 32 entries for titles in four in vier Sprachen title, feminine form, each language, languages (http://www.auswaertiges- masculine form with derived amt.de/www/de/infoservice/ terms. download/pdf/terminologie/funktionen .pdf) Classes of the Ordensstufen des Verdienstordens de, en, es, fr, ru 4 Order of Merit der Bundesrepublik Deutschland of the Federal Republic of Germany in five languages Register of Verzeichnis der Staatennamen für de Country name in 196 country names den amtlichen Gebrauch in der short, country name Bundesrepublik Deutschland in full, adjective form, people name feminine and masculine forms, alpha-2 code, alpha- 3 code Register of Länderverzeichnis für den amtlichen de, en, es, fr for each language: country names Gebrauch in der Bundesrepublik country name in Deutschland short, country name in full, adjective form, people name feminine and masculine forms, alpha-2 code, alpha- 3 code, country code, type of preposition needed. In German: historical and geographical data. Organigram of Organigramme des Auswärtigen de, en, es, fr Graph the Federal Amts Foreign Office in German, English, French und Spanish Official titles of Amtliche Bezeichnungen des ar, bg, cs, da, de, el, Term 21 the Federal Bundespräsidenten und der en, es, fi, fr, he, hr, it, President and Bundesregierung ja, ko, mk, nl, no, pl, the Federal (http://www.auswaertiges- pt-br, pt-pt, ro, ru, sr, Government amt.de/www/de/infoservice/ sv, tr, zh terminologie/bundesregierung_html)
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Domain Title language Field Number of terms/entries Official Amtliche Übersetzungen für af, am, ar, az, be, bg, Official translation of 1 translation of “Bundesrepublik Deutschland” bi, bn, bo, bs, ca, cs, “Bundesrepublik “Bundesrepublik (http://www.auswaertiges- da, de, dv, dz, el, en, Deutschland” Deutschland” amt.de/www/de/infoservice/ eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fil, download/pdf/terminologie/brd.pdf) fj, fr, ga, gil, gl, gu, he, hi, hr, hy, id, is, it, ja, ka, kk, km, kn, ko, ku, ky, la, lb, lo, lt, lv, mg, mk, ml, mn, mr, ms, mt, my, ne, nl, no, nr, nso, pau, pl, ps, pt, rm, rn, ro, ru, si, sk, sl, sm, so, sq, sr, ss, st, sv, sw, ta, te, tg, th, ti, tk, tn, to, tpi, tr, ts, tvl, ug, uk, ur, ve, vi, xh, zh, zu, zu Country names Amtliche Bezeichnungen All corresponding Country name in in the language ausländischer Staaten in den languages German, name of of the country Landessprachen the languages used, country name in each of the country language Internal affairs Environnment Economics and Labour Education
11.9.2 Bundesministerium des Innen Alt-Moabit 101 DE-10559 Berlin fax: +49 (0)1888 681-2926 email: [email protected] English name: Federal Ministry of the Interior Website: http://www.bmi.bund.de/ Lexikon des Innenpolitik: http://www.bmi.bund.de/cln_031/nn_122688/Internet/Navigation/DE/Service/Lexi kon/LexikonDerInnenpolitik.html__nnn=true Domains: Interior policy Number of entries: 261 Language: de Fields: Explanation, factual data, links
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11.9.3 Bundesministerium für Umwelt,Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit - Z I 4 – Sprachendienst Alexanderplatz 6 DE-10178 Berlin fax: +49 (0)1888 305 4375 English name: Federal ministry for the Environment, Nature conservation and Nuclear safety BMU – Glossar: http://www.bmu.de/service/weitere_angebote/ glossar/doc/4047.php Domains: Environment Number of entries: 264 Language: de Fields: Explanation, factual data, links 11.9.4 Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie Scharnhorststr. 34-37 DE-10115 Berlin Postanschrift: DE-11019 Berlin fax: +49 (0)30 2014-7010 Website: http://lexikon.bmwa.bund.de/ Lexicon: http://lexikon.bmwa.bund.de/bmwa/generator/ Navigation/Service/lexikon.html 11.9.5 Deutsches Institut für Internationale Pädagogische Forschung Geschäftsstelle Deutscher Bildungsserver (Gestion du Portail allemand de l’éducation) Schloss-Str. 29 DE-64486 Frankfurt am Main Tel: +49 (0)69 24708-9 http://www.dipf.de/; http://www.eduserver.de/ e-mail: [email protected] web site: http://www.bildungsserver.de/glossare.html Glossar für das Bildungswesen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland EXPLICA – Sammlung von Definitionen zur Europäischen Dimension des Bildungswesens
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Definition of Administrative nomenclature: Official or current names used in a State (Germany has 17 “levels” of state structure: federation = Bund and states = Länder. Extension of ADNOM to other fields of terminology: YES, if the term is more than simply translated but can convey the whole social reality.
Domains Languages Software Fields Accessibility Target Number audience Official or de, SuSE Linux, Names of Ministries, Free Public current names sometimes Apache, structures, services, used in a also en, MySQL et PHP associations linked to State rarely fr, it, pl, bibliodata, education, training, research nl autres in education, etc. (Bildung und Erziehung, Bildungsforschung, etc.) Names of de, SuSE Linux, Names of Ministries, Free Public 300 government sometimes Apache, structures, services, administration also en, MySQL et PHP associations linked to offices rarely fr, it, pl, bibliodata, education, training, research nl autres in education, etc. (Bildung und Erziehung, Bildungsforschung, etc.) Organizational + direct links towards 17 charts ministries School system de, en, fr SuSE Linux, Terms, definition in Deutsch Free Public terminology Apache, MySQL et PHP bibliodata, autres Terminology de, rarely en Mysql Ministries, associations, Internet Public relating to services, procedures linked social welfare to education 11.10 Greece 11.10.1 Hellenic Society for Terminology (ELETO) It is a scientific association established and operating under the law of the Hellenic Republic, having been recognized as a non-profit scientific association (Athens’ Court Decision No 2617/1992). ELETO’s objectives are: – To study, coordinate, process, promote, collect, systematize, disseminate, diffuse, valorise and develop by any means Hellenic Terminology and terminological research in Greece, Cyprus and in Greek communities abroad, as well as in Services and Organs of the European Union (EU), and of the European or other regional and International Bodies or Organizations. – To contribute to the continuous and symmetric development of the Hellenic Language in order to cover the many-faceted and imperative contemporary needs, particularly aiming at the improvement of communication. – To emphasize the fundamental role of the Hellenic Language both as a valuable material and as a tool for the international terminological background,
93 CWA 15526:2006 (E) and promote and disseminate this role in order to cover current and future needs of the international terminology. – Teleterm: Telecommunications termbase Domain: Telecommunications Amount of data: 116 000 entries Languages: de, el, en, fr Fields: English term, French term, German term, Greek term, English abbreviation, French abbreviation, German abbreviation, Greek abbreviation, Software: MS Access 2000 Accessibility: Internet TELETERM contains about 115.000 correspondences of Greek-English terms, about 3.900 correspondences of Greek-English-French terms and 3.000 correspondences of Greek-English-German terms and 12.600 initialisms, acronyms and other abbreviations. 11.11 International 11.11.1 EUROCONTROL, Service linguistique 96, rue de la Fusée BE-1130 Bruxelles Definition of Administrative nomenclature: Noms exacts et officiels des notions relatives à l’administration dans divers pays (titres des ministres, des institutions, des programmes, etc. avec leurs traductions officielles ou non.
Domains Languages Software Fields Accessibility Target Number audience Administrative Languages of TRADOS Names of national and Server Translators, nomenclature Eurocontrol MultiTerm 6.5 international institutions, of interpreters, according to members, administrative titles, of terminologists definition whenever administrative or legal (staff and available systems and procedures external (e.g. pensions), manes of contacts, but programs, systems, through procedures, countries, terminology conferences, documents, section). etc. Names of Languages of TRADOS Official names and Server Translators, government Eurocontrol MultiTerm 6.5 translations, official or not, interpreters, administration members, adresses, names of terminologists offices whenever contacts, informations on (staff and available the tasks of the organism external or of the function contacts, but through terminology section).
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Domains Languages Software Fields Accessibility Target Number audience Organizational en – fr TRADOS Official titles of Server Eurocontrol charts MultiTerm 6.5 departements and Staff + HTML fonctions pages Job titles in en – fr TRADOS Names of contacts and Intranet, Translators, public MultiTerm 6.5 official titles + translations, Extranet interpreters, administration official or not terminologists (staff and external contacts, but through terminology section). School system Languages of TRADOS Names of diplomas and Server Translators, terminology Eurocontrol MultiTerm 6.5 institutes interpreters, members, terminologists whenever (staff and available external contacts, but through terminology section). Terminology de, fr, nl TRADOS Terminologie propre aux Server Translators, relating to MultiTerm 6.5 impôts dans le pays interpreters, taxation concerné (surtout la terminologists Belgique, mais également (staff and NL et France) external contacts, but through terminology section). Terminology de, fr, nl TRADOS Terminologie propre à la Server Translators, relating to MultiTerm 6.5 protection sociale dans le interpreters, social welfare pays concerné (surtout la terminologists Belgique, mais également (staff and NL et France) external contacts, but through terminology section).
Administrative nomenclature can include: Source ISO 704 – Part 7 Appellations
Bodies, organizations and institutions – Public entities, private companies, committees, associations, federations, panels, boards, commissions, etc.
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Titles of meetings – Names of conferences, conventions, congresses, summits, symposia, round tables, trade shows, colloquia, forums or fora, seminars, etc. – Academic, vocational and professional courses, seminars, workshops and programs
Position titles – Civil, military religious or academic ranks. – Titles of courtesy (forms of address) and titles of nobility
Program names – Names and titles of projects, plans, strategies, initiatives, policies
Honorary distinctions – Names of awards, trophies, medals, decorations, honorary titles, etc
Toponyms, ethnonyms and names of public spaces – Geographic place names (toponyms) such as geographic features (whether they be undersea, lunar or extraterrestrial), geological features, geopolitical entities, names of buildings, facilities, monuments and other public spaces (such as highways and roadways, parks, or urban spaces) – Official geographical place names approved by an authoritative body at the local, national or international level
Methods and procedures – Names of unique procedures, calculations and rating systems, taxes and tax credits, tests and exams, surveys and models – Names of funds, sums of money set apart for a specific objective. These include mutual funds, investment funds and accounts (excluding brand names)
Document names – Names of laws, regulations and other pieces of legislation, decrees, treaties, agreements, conventions, accords, licences and permits as well as the names of policies, directives, standards and guidelines, frameworks, forms and other similar documents – Names of degrees, diplomas, certificates and other professional designations
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Source COFOG – Classification of Functions of Governments General public services Defence Public order and safety Economic affairs Environmental protection Health Social protection
11.11.2 International Air Transport Association – IATA http://www.iata.org/ Glossary of RFID terms: http://www.iata.org/whatwedo/rfid/glossary_rfid.htm Glossary of CUSS and Bar-Code terms: http://www.iata.org/whatwedo/bcbp/glossary_cuss_bar_codes.htm Glossary of E-ticketing terms: http://www.iata.org/whatwedo/et/glossary_e- ticketing.htm Glossary of IATA e-freight terms: http://www.iata.org/whatwedo/glossary_iata_e- freight.htm 11.11.3 International Telecommunication Union – ITU ITU Telecommunication Terminology Database (TERMITE) http://www.itu.int/search/wais/Termite/ Domain: telecommunication Languages: en, es, fr, ru Amount of data: 59000 entries Fields: term, source, synonym, for each language Accessibility: Internet Target audience: any user 11.11.4 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development – OECD http://www.oecd.org/ OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms (http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/) (English)
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The OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms contains target definitions for both the main variables collected by the Organisation for use in its statistical and analytical output and definitions of terminology/concepts used in OECD publications. Glossary of Foreign Direct Investment Terms and Definitions A full list of FDI terms and definitions compiled by the OECD and the IMF during a joint study of data sources, collection methods, and dissemination and methodological practices for FDI statistics. OECD Glossary of Pension Terms / Glossaire des pensions de l’OCDE The Working Party on Private Pensions has developed this glossary with a view to developing a common understanding and vocabulary. Private Pensions: OECD Classification and Glossary – (English) The System of National Accounts, 1993 – Glossary (English) The System of National Accounts, 1993 (SNA) was a joint publication by the United Nations Statistical Division, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, Eurostat and the OECD. It provides a detailed ... Le Système de comptabilité nationale 1993 (SCN) – Glossaire (French) System of National Accounts, 1993 – (English) 11.11.5 United Nations, New York Department for General Assembly and Conference Management (DGACM), Documentation Division German Translation Section DETERM Website: http://unhq-appspub-01.un.org/dgaacs/gts_term.nsf/InfoE?OpenPage DETERM is an extract of the terminology database originally developed for internal purposes by the German Translation Section (GTS) of the United Nations Secretariat, New York. The database is continuously updated and expanded. The records contained in DETERM are the result primarily of the German Section’s daily translation work, which covers only a very limited area of United Nations activities, essentially resolutions and decisions of the General Assembly and the Security Council, the annual report of the Secretary-General on the activities of the organization, and similar documents. While the database has been complemented through the addition of numerous records unrelated to specific translation projects, DETERM lays no claim to being exhaustive. The sources for the English, French and Spanish terms are official U.N. documents in the respective language. The proposed German equivalents are
98 CWA 15526:2006 (E) those used by the German Translation Section and are not necessarily of universal application. Domains: names of bodies and organizations of the U.N. system, DETERM contains names of other intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, conferences and treaties, documents of a programmatic nature, commemorations, selected national nomenclature (e.g. parties/factions, liberation movements, etc.), resolution terminology. Software: Trados/MultiTerm converted into Lotus Notes/Domino Amount of data: approximately 8500 records. Languages: German, English, often French, some Spanish Fields: term (organization names, treaty name), acronyms, short form, informal names, obsolete terms, text (internet address), web site, category, parent body Target audience: scholars, politicians, diplomats, journalists, translators and other interested parties concerned with United Nations issues. Accessibility: internet 11.11.6 United nations – Statistics Division
11.11.6.1 UN Glossary of Classification Terms Website: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/class/family/glossary_short.htm
11.11.6.2 UN Classifications Registry Website: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/default.asp
11.11.6.3 Classification of the Functions of Government – COFOG Website: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/family2.asp?Cl=4 11.11.7 World Health Organization – WHO Numerous glossaries and classifications Website: http://www.who.int/
11.11.7.1 International Classification of Diseases (ICD) http://www3.who.int/icd/vol1htm2003/fr-icd.htm Languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish plus 36 other languges.
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11.11.7.2 International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI)
11.11.7.3 International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) http://www3.who.int/icf/icftemplate.cfm Languages: English, Chinese, French, Russian, Spanish. 11.11.8 World International Property Organization – WIPO Website: http://www.wipo.int/ 11.11.9 International Patent Classification (IPC) Website: http://www.wipo.int/classifications/fulltext/new_ipc/index.htm Languages: English, French 11.11.10 International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks (Nice Classification, Eighth edition) Website: http://www.wipo.int/classifications/fulltext/nice8/enmain.htm 11.11.11 International Classification for Industrial Designs (Locarno Classification, Eighth edition) Website: http://www.wipo.int/classifications/fulltext/locarno8/enmn01.htm Languages: English, French 11.11.12 International Classification of the Figurative Elements of Marks (Vienna Classification, Fifth edition) Languages: English, French 11.12 Italy 11.12.1 Istitut Cultural Ladin “majon di fascegn” Strada de la Pieif 7 IT-38039 Vich / Vigo Fassa Definition of Administrative nomenclature: Administrative terminology related with names and titles used in administrative field.
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Domains: Names of government administration offices; Job titles in public administration; School system terminology; Terminology relating to taxation; Terminology relating to social welfare Amount of data: 2000 Languages: de, it, ladin Fields: Equivalents, often definition Software: Filemaker Accessibility: on site, from 2006 Internet Target audience: Translators, public administration employees. Extension of ADNOM to other fields of terminology: YES: to politics, school administration, law.
Administrative nomenclature can include: Source ISO 704 – Part 7 Appellations
Bodies, organizations and institutions – Public entities, private companies, committees, associations, federations, panels, boards, commissions, etc.
Position titles – Civil, military religious or academic ranks
Program names – Names and titles of projects, plans, strategies, initiatives, policies
Honorary distinctions – Names of awards, trophies, medals, decorations, honorary titles, etc.
Toponyms, ethnonyms and names of public spaces – Geographic place names (toponyms) such as geographic features (whether they be undersea, lunar or extraterrestrial), geological features, geopolitical entities, names of buildings, facilities, monuments and other public spaces (such as highways and roadways, parks, or urban spaces) – Official geographical place names approved by an authoritative body at the local, national or international level
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Methods and procedures – Names of unique procedures, calculations and rating systems, taxes and tax credits, tests and exams, surveys and models – Names of funds, sums of money set apart for a specific objective. These include mutual funds, investment funds and accounts (excluding brand names)
Document names – Names of laws, regulations and other pieces of legislation, decrees, treaties, agreements, conventions, accords, licences and permits as well as the names of policies, directives, standards and guidelines, frameworks, forms and other similar documents – Names of degrees, diplomas, certificates and other professional designations
Source COFOG – Classification of Functions of Governments General public services Defence Public order and safety Economic affairs Environmental protection Housing and communities amenities Health Recreation, culture and religion Social protection
11.12.2 Servisc per la Planification y l’Elaborazion dl linguaz Ladin, SPELL Cësa di Ladins – Streda Rezia 83, IT-39046 Urtijëi / St Ulrich / Ortizei (BZ) Südtirol / Alto-Adige Site web: http://www.spell-termles.ladinia.net/ Domains: Administrative and legal terminology; School system terminology; Terminology relating to taxation; Terminology relating to social welfare Amount of data: 2000
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Languages: de, it, ladin Software: Filemaker Accessibility: on site, from 2006 Internet Target audience: Administrators, Journalists
Administrative nomenclature can include: Source ISO 704 – Partie 7 Appellations
Corps, organisations et institutions – Structures publiques, sociétés privées, comités, associations, fédérations, bureaux, commissions, etc.
Noms de rencontres – Formations universitaires, initiales et continues, cours, séminaires, ateliers, programmes
Titres – Civils, militaires, religieux, universitaires, etc.
Méthodes et procédures – Noms de procédures, systèmes de calculs et de taux, taxes et crédits d’impôt, tests et examens, enquêtes et modèles
Noms de documents – Noms de lois, règlements et tout autre élément de législation, décrets, traités, accords, conventions, licences et permis ainsi que les noms de politiques, directives, normes et lignes directrices, cadres, formulaires, etc. – Noms des diplômes, certificats et autres désignations professionnelles
Source COFOG – Classification des fonctions des administrations publiques Services généraux des administrations publiques Ordre et sécurité publics Protection de l’environnement Logements et équipements collectifs
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Santé Loisirs, culture et culte Protection sociale
11.13 Netherlands 11.13.1 Ministry of Foreign Affairs P.0. Box 20061 NL 2500EB The Hague Domains: Administrative nomenclature as in ADNOM; Names of government administration offices; Organizational charts; Job titles in public administration; School system terminology; Terminology relating to taxation; Terminology relating to social welfare Languages: de, en, fr, nl Software: Multiterm Field: Definition, reference, remarks, country, etc. Accessibility: Internet, IATE Target audience: Translators, terminologists
Administrative nomenclature can include: Source ISO 704 – Part 7 Appellations – Names of unique procedures, calculations and rating systems, taxes and tax credits, tests and exams, surveys and models – Names of funds, sums of money set apart for a specific objective. These include mutual funds, investment funds and accounts (excluding brand names)
11.13.2 NL-Term – Vereniging voor Nederlandstalige Terminologie Secretariaat NL-TERM Hogeschool voor Wetenschap en Kunst Campus Vlekho Koningsstraat 336 BE-1030 Brussels fax: +32 (0)2 219 78 79 NL-TERM is a professional non-governmental association of professionals involved with terminology in their daily work.
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Definition of Administrative nomenclature: Titles of ministries, departments, agencies etc., as well as the titles of functionaries. Extension of ADNOM to other fields of terminology: YES In the “ideas” section below we have answered “yes” to questions which suggest overlap between governmental and non-governmental domains. This is a consequence of two considerations: (1) governments have an overall responsibility for (maintenance of) effective and unambiguous terminology and nomenclature in a perpetual dialogue with the societal actors and other language users, in order to optimise communication in society; (2) administrations are not (and should not) be isolated from the rest of society, also terminologically. Administrations are in a constant dialogue with private and other sectors and with citizens in all societal domains. As a consequence it is impossible in practice to label some terms as “purely administrative” and others as “purely non-administrative”. But, if the starting point is the administration, it should be possible to identify some fields as having higher priority than other fields to deal with in a project. “Extension of the ADNOM project” may be interpreted in this way: which are the priority fields and which fields might be treated later? For NL-TERM, nomenclature (about government administrations) is seen as a choice for a first priority field. As it is a beginning, good results are very important.
Administrative nomenclature can include: Source ISO 704 – Part 7 Appellations
Bodies, organizations and institutions – Public entities, private companies, committees, associations, federations, panels, boards, commissions, etc.
Titles of meetings – Names of conferences, conventions, congresses, summits, symposia, round tables, trade shows, colloquia, forums or fora, seminars, etc. – Academic, vocational and professional courses, seminars, workshops and programs
Position titles – Civil, military religious or academic ranks – Titles of courtesy (forms of address) and titles of nobility
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Program names – Names and titles of projects, plans, strategies, initiatives, policies
Honorary distinctions – Names of awards, trophies, medals, decorations, honorary titles, etc.
Social phenomena – Names of religious denominations, religious orders, deities, campaigns, holidays, historical events and periods, commemorative events, social attractions and sporting events
Toponyms, ethnonyms and names of public spaces – Geographic place names (toponyms) such as geographic features (whether they be undersea, lunar or extraterrestrial), geological features, geopolitical entities, names of buildings, facilities, monuments and other public spaces (such as highways and roadways, parks, or urban spaces) – Official geographical place names approved by an authoritative body at the local, national or international level
Methods and procedures – Names of unique procedures, calculations and rating systems, taxes and tax credits, tests and exams, surveys and models – Names of funds, sums of money set apart for a specific objective. These include mutual funds, investment funds and accounts (excluding brand names)
Document names – Names of laws, regulations and other pieces of legislation, decrees, treaties, agreements, conventions, accords, licences and permits as well as the names of policies, directives, standards and guidelines, frameworks, forms and other similar documents – Names of degrees, diplomas, certificates and other professional designations
Source COFOG – Classification of Functions of Governments General public services Defence
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Public order and safety Economic affairs Environmental protection Housing and communities amenities Health Recreation, culture and religion Social protection
11.14 Norway 11.14.1 Utenriksdepartementet English name: Ministry of Foreign Affairs French name: Ministère des Affaires Étrangères German name: Ministerium für Auswärtige Angelegenheiten Spanish name: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores Web site: http://www.dep.no/ud/norsk/bn.html
Translation service
Domains Languages Fields Number Database address Official names of en, de, es, fr, Name, 37 http://www.dep.no/ud/norsk/dok/andre_dok/veiledninger/03 ministries and no, equivalent 2011-190002/dok-bn.html ministers Official names of en, de, fr, no, Name, 33 http://www.dep.no/ud/norsk/dok/andre_dok/veiledninger/03 committees, etc in equivalent 2011-120002/dok-bn.html the Storting (Norwegian parliament) Job titles in the en, de, fr, nb, Name, 45 http://www.dep.no/ud/norsk/dok/andre_dok/veiledninger/03 Norwegian central no, equivalent 2011-990024/dok-bn.html government administration The Translation Service also has a list of Schengen terminology drawn up when the Schengen acquis was translated into Norwegian (on the basis of the French text: equivalents from the later English translation are also shown).
EEA Secretariat, Section for EEA/EFTA Affairs
Domains Languages Fields Number Database address EU legislation en, fr, nb, no Term, equivalent 135 000 http://decentius.hit.uib.no/udbase/home.html synonym, note, source, domain, status, comment,
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11.14.2 Arbeids- og administrasjonsdepartementet English name: Ministry of Labour and Government Administration Web site: http://odin.dep.no/mod/english/doc/handbooks/002031-990106/dok- bn.html Domains: Pay structures in the public sector, job titles Languages: English, Norwegian Fields: grade code, grade designation in Norwegian, grade designation in English, pay range 11.14.3 Fornynings- og administrasjonsdepartementet English name: Ministry of Government Administration and Reform Web site: http://www.norge.no/, http://www.noreg.no/, http://www.norway.no/ Norway.no is a public agency subordinate to the Ministry of Government Administration and Reform. The agency aims to help users locate public agencies, services and information at all levels of government. Norway.no has three official Internet portals: www.norge.no, www.noreg.no, www.norway.no and an official public help desk (http://www.norway.no/opplysningstjenesten/ spoross.asp). The latter is accessible by telephone, e-mail, e-chat and SMS. Norway.no’s portal services presently comprise three language versions: Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk and English. Information gathered from norway.no’s helpdesk is invaluable for developing relevant and useful portal content. Norway.no’s web portal functions include: topic pages with links to relevant public agencies, acts and regulations, a public authority directory with contact information for over 4500 authorities and agencies, press releases from public agencies, map search functions, FAQs and relevant advice gathered from the norway.no helpdesk. The norway.no portal solutions are developed in-house, and are based on (ASP) active server pages, an Oracle database server and a Microsoft technical platform. Norway.no is also responsible for encouraging public agencies to improve the quality and content of their web solutions. This involves developing criteria for public web site assessment and an annual appraisal of Norwegian public web sites. The award “Best Public Web Site of the Year” is presented for excellence in web accessibility, user-friendliness and useful web site content. From 2006, a fourth citizen portal, MyPage, will be integrated within norway.no’s area of responsibility. This portal, or personalised online service office, will allow citizens to carry out public transactions via the Internet. The first version of the portal will be launched in Nynorsk Norwegian, Bokmål Norwegian and Sami.
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11.14.4 Oslo Kommune English name: City of Oslo Web site: http://www.oslo.kommune.no/om_oslo_kommune/ internasjonalt/publikasjoner/article44805-7763.html Domains: administrative and political agencies of the city Languages: English, Norwegian Terms: 237 Fields: Name, equivalent 11.15 Poland 11.15.1 Urząd Komitetu Integracji Europejskiej English name: Office of the Committee for European Integration Web site: http://www.ukie.gov.pl/ Database: Baza danych terminologicznych urzędu komitetu integracji europejskiej: http://www2.ukie.gov.pl/dtt.nsf Domains: This terminology database contains terminology gathered during the translation of EU legal acts into Polish. It contains, among other, terms from Founding Treaties, Accession Treaties, as well as European Commission glossaries: “Glossary of terms relating to the internal market”, “Treaty on European Union - vocabularium”, “Economy, finance, money”, “Regional policy”, “Community Customs Code – vocabularium” and the internal publications of the Translation Department such as “Regular Report – vocabularium” and “Europe Agreement - vocabularium”. Languages: All terms are in English and Polish, certain terms also have French and German equivalents. Software: Multiterm Accessibility: Internet Target audience: public 11.16 Sweden Language, translation, terminology and code work in Sweden is decentralised and shared between several public authorities and other organisations, responsible for different sectors. Some of the more important sources that are publicly available are listed below. More detailed contact information and further links can be found at their web sites listed.
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11.16.1 Högskoleverket English name: National Agency for Higher Education Web site: http://www.hsv.se/hogskolan/ordlista/ 11.16.2 Justitiedepartementet English name: Ministry of Justice EU-språkvården Web site: http://www.regeringen.se/ 11.16.3 Kommerskollegium English name: National Board of Trade Web site: http://www.kommers.se/ 11.16.4 Socialstyrelsen English name: National Board of Health and Welfare Web site: http://app.socialstyrelsen.se/termbank/ 11.16.5 Statistiska centralbytån – SCB English name: Statistics Sweden: Classifications and codes Web site: http://www.scb.se/templates/Standard____36475.asp 11.16.6 Terminologicentrum TNC, Swedish Centre for Terminology Terminologicentrum TNC Västra vägen 7B SE-169 61 Solna fax: +46 8 446 66 29 http://www.tnc.se/ [email protected] Definition of Administrative nomenclature: Nomenclature: terminology structured systematically according to pre-established naming rules, Source: ISO 1087-1: 2000. Terminology work - Vocabulary - Part 1: Theory and application. nomenclature within the field of public administration Note ex. names of public institutions, bodies, associations and similar organisations Source: TNC, Swedish Centre for Terminology. 2005 Nomenclature: terminology structured systematically according to pre- established naming rules, Source: ISO 1087-1: 2000. Terminology work – Vocabulary – Part 1: Theory and application.
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Extension of ADNOM to other fields of terminology: NO, because the field is already broad enough.
Domains Languages Software Fields Accessibility Target Number audience Names of de, en, es, fi, TNC internal Utrikes namnbok: names Eurodicautom Public Utrikes government fr, ru, sv software Internal TNC material: IATE namnbok: administration names, definition, notes, approx. 315 offices source term records Internal TNC material: approx. 235 term records Job titles in de, en, es, fi, TNC internal Utrikes namnbok: titles Eurodicautom Public Utrikes public fr, ru, sv software Internal TNC material: IATE namnbok: 179 administration title, definition, notes, Internal TNC source material: 150 School system sv TRADOS HSV: term + Internet public HSV: 87 terminology MultiTerm 6.5 definition/note (National Studera.nu: term + Agency for definition/note Higher CSN: term + Education) definition/note Studera.nu: 131 CSN: 36 (Swedish National Board of Student Aid) Terminology 1: en, fi, sv TNC-material: term+ 1. printed Experts, TNC-material: relating to 2: sv definition+context glossary, pdf- translators, 1) Pensions- social welfare 3: sv + Ordlista för file public ordlistan various arbetslivsinriktad (downloadabl (Glossary of official eu rehabilitering: term, e), UR National languages definition, note 2. printed Pension): 72 Eurodicautomfile: Term, glossary, pdf, term records definition, note, source internal file 2) Ordlista för 3. arbetslivsinrikta Eurodicautom d rehabilitering: / IATE 75 3) Eurodicautom- file (DDS70) 5 700 termrecords
Administrative nomenclature can include: Source ISO 704 – Part 7 Appellations
Bodies, organizations and institutions – Public entities, private companies, committees, associations, federations, panels, boards, commissions, etc.
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Position titles – Civil, military religious or academic ranks
Program names – Names and titles of projects, plans, strategies, initiatives, policies
Methods and procedures – Names of funds, sums of money set apart for a specific objective. These include mutual funds, investment funds and accounts (excluding brand names)
Document names – Names of laws, regulations and other pieces of legislation, decrees, treaties, agreements, conventions, accords, licences and permits as well as the names of policies, directives, standards and guidelines, frameworks, forms and other similar documents – Names of degrees, diplomas, certificates and other professional designations
Source COFOG – Classification of Functions of Governments General public services Defence Public order and safety Economic affairs Environmental protection Health Social protection
11.16.7 Utrikesdepartementet English name: Ministry for Foreign Affairs: Utrikes namnbok Web site: http://www.regeringen.se/ 11.16.8 Verket för förvaltningsutveckling – Verva English name: The Swedish Administrative Development Agency
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Web site: http://www.verva.se/ Verva is a new agency, founded 2006, responsible for eGovernment coordination in Sweden and also for the web sites http://www.sverige.se/ (Names and Contact Information to Swedish Public Sector) and http://www.lagrummet.se/ (Legal information system). 11.17 Switzerland 11.17.1 Bundesklanzei - Chancellerie fédérale – Chancelleria federale – Chanzlia federala Central language services – Terminology service Termdat termbank Domains: economics, commerce, finance, industry, culture, education and training, natural sciences, medicine, technics, computer science, telecommunications, energy, transport, agriculture and forestry, environment, politics, army Number of records: 1,5 million Languages: en, de, fr, it, la Software: Eurodicautom Fields: Term, definition, source, for each language Accessibility: Intranet Target audience: Swiss civil servants 11.18 United Kingdom 11.18.1 HM Revenue and Customs, Translation Service 4th Floor West 3 Stanley Street Salford M60 9LA Definition of Administrative nomenclature: Either a list of the names of administrations or a list of the terminology used in administration work. Domains: Names of government administration offices; Job titles in public administration; Terminology relating to taxation Languages: fr, de, it, es, nl, pt, en, la Software: Trados Multiterm Fields: Variable, abbreviations Target audience: Translators/revisers
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Administrative nomenclature can include: Source ISO 704 – Part 7 Appellations
Bodies, organizations and institutions – Public entities, private companies, committees, associations, federations, panels, boards, commissions, etc.
Titles of meetings – Names of conferences, conventions, congresses, summits, symposia, round tables, trade shows, colloquia, forums or fora, seminars, etc. – Academic, vocational and professional courses, seminars, workshops and programs
Position titles – Civil, military religious or academic ranks – Titles of courtesy (forms of address) and titles of nobility
Program names – Names and titles of projects, plans, strategies, initiatives, policies
Methods and procedures – Names of unique procedures, calculations and rating systems, taxes and tax credits, tests and exams, surveys and models – Names of funds, sums of money set apart for a specific objective. These include mutual funds, investment funds and accounts (excluding brand names)
Document names – Names of laws, regulations and other pieces of legislation, decrees, treaties, agreements, conventions, accords, licences and permits as well as the names of policies, directives, standards and guidelines, frameworks, forms and other similar documents – Names of degrees, diplomas, certificates and other professional designations
Source COFOG – Classification of Functions of Governments General public services
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Defence Public order and safety Economic affairs Environmental protection Social protection
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12 Annex B – The IATE Project – An Overview This Annex relates to chapter 5 of this CWA; see also clause 12.6.3 of Annex A. 12.1 IATE – A Single Terminology Database for the European Union The idea of a single, truly inter-institutional terminology database has been discussed between the translation service of the European Union since the mid- nineties. This project was not only considered in the interest of complying with ever tighter budget lines, but also as offering substantial advantages for the linguistic staff in the translation services. The Translation Centre launched the “IATE” (“Inter-Agency Terminology Exchange”) project in 1999; its initial objective was to create an infrastructure for the management of terminology for the Centre and the decentralised agencies of the Union. The other translation services joined this initiative in the same year and gave the project its truly interinstitutional status. Given this change in scope the acronym today stands for “Inter-Active Terminology for Europe”. The project partners, who use and jointly finance the IATE database, are: • European Commission, • Council, • Parliament, • Court of Auditors, • Economic and Social Committee, • Committee of the Regions, • Court of Justice, • Translation Centre for the Bodies of the EU, • European Investment Bank, • European Central Bank. The project was based on the outcome of an external study that had analysed the terminology arrangements of the EU services. The study recommended: • incorporation of all existing terminology databases into single new interinstitutional database; • adoption of fully interactive creation of terminological data; • reorganization of terminology activity and reinforcement of staffing where necessary;
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• integration of terminology tools, including tools designed to support terminology activities, into translation and office automation environment; • deployment of new ergonomic and user-friendly interfaces; • co-operative infrastructure for data management rational recovery of existing data. After a development phase of three years the operational phase of the IATE project began in the summer of 2004. The system offers today the following features: • One common database for all institutions and agencies containing all legacy data; • On-line access in read and write mode, i.e. the possibility for user to carry out modifications, to add entries directly to the central database and to allow thus their colleague to profit from this work immediately; • Validation procedure to ensure quality. Possibility to define validation cycles, validation stages, user profiles, user roles etc. for each participating institution and agency; • Management tools (e.g. for user management, data consolidation); • Features for large scale processing (export and import of data); • Reporting and auditing tools, e.g. the possibility to trace modifications in terminological entries; • A messaging system as communication mechanism between the actors in the terminology workflow. 12.2 The IATE Data Structure The IATE data structure took into consideration the evolving standards in the field (SALT/MARTIF, GENETER). It adopted a concept-oriented approach; the mono- and multilingual information on each aspect of a concept can be expressed on four inter-related levels of the data structure of the terminological entries:
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Figure 13.1 – IATE Data Structure
The language-independent level can contain all information that relates to the entire concept. “Domain” is the classic example of that type of information. But the database also makes it possible to be more exhaustive: the user can add a domain note in cases when the classification system for domains does not contain a suitable descriptor; collection, problem language, cross references to other entries, origin of the concept and – as we are living in an age of multimedia – links to images complete the language independent level. Beneath this top level, information like definition and comments can be stored in and for each of the languages the entry contains (language level). This level is enriched by the possibility to add notes on several fields, references to source documents and, again, multimedia files. Each language level may refer to several terms – synonyms of the same concept or abbreviations (term level). A large variety of information can be associated with each of the terms: term type, reference, regional usage, context, customers, links to homonyms etc. Finally the system includes the option to add linguistic information, like part of speech or gender, for each term or each of the words constituting a term.
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12.2.1 IATE Data Fields Language independent level GRAPHICS LIL_RECORD Term Level (includes word level INSTITUTION information) AUTHOR TL_RECORD PROPOSER AUTHOR MARKED_FOR_DELETION_MERGING PROPOSER CONFIDENTIALITY INSTITUTION DATE_MADE_CONF CREATION_DATE MADE_CONF_BY_USER CHANGED_BY CREATION_DATE CHANGE_DATE CHANGED_BY CHANGED_IN_FIELDS CHANGE_DATE MARKED_FOR_DELETION_MERGING CHANGED_IN_FIELDS INITIAL_SOURCE DOMAIN VALIDATION_STATUS DOMAIN_NOTE STAGE ORIGIN CYCLE ORIGIN_NOTE TERM PROBLEM_LANG_CODE TERM_TYPE COLLECTION LOOKUP_FORM CROSS_REFERENCE OBSOLETE GRAPHICS TL_COMMENT Language Level COMMENT_CONF LIL_RECORD DATE_COMMENT_MADE_CONF AUTHOR COMMENT_MADE_CONF_BY_USER INSTITUTION RELIABILITY_VALUE CREATION_DATE TERM_REF CHANGED_BY TERM_REF_CONF CHANGE_DATE CHANGED_IN_FIELDS LANGUAGE_USAGE MARKED_FOR_DELETION_MERGING LANG_USAGE_REF LANGUSE_REF_CONF LANGUAGE_CODE REGIONAL_USAGE DEFINITION REG_USAGE_REF DEFINITION_NOTE REGUSE_REF_CONF DEFINITION_REF DEFN_REF_CONF CONTEXT CONTEXT_REF LL_COMMENT CONTEXT_REF_CONF COMMENT_CONF COMMENT_MADE_CONF_BY_USER GENDER DATE_COMMENT_MADE_CONF PART_OF_SPEECH RELATED_MATERIAL RELMAT_CONF
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12.3 IATE in Figures
Number of terms per entry type Term Type Terms
Abbrev 560.893
Formula 38
Phrase 136.588
Short Form 648
Term 8.026.365
Number of terms in the official EU languages Language Terms
cs Czech 17.077
da Danish 617.135
de German 1.099.820
el Greek 525.715
en English 1.512.068
es Spanish 634.384
et Estonian 15.593
fi Finnish 332.599
fr French 1.430.898
hu Hungarian 23.14
it Italian 720.485
lt Lithuanian 30.142
lv Latvian 9.26
mt Maltese 1.447
nl Dutch 712.423
pl Polish 22.796
pt Portuguese 544.294
sk Slovak 17.101
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sl Slovenian 14.337
sv Swedish 318.42
ga Irish 20.578
Number of terms in some of the major domains (> 10.000 terms) LAW 136638
Medical science 119817
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES6 110190
Administrative law 95987
TRANSPORT 91620
Land transport 88031
FINANCE 83216
Information technology and data processing 81295
Electronics and electrical engineering 46981
ENVIRONMENT 46881
Technology and technical regulations 43472
Natural and applied sciences 39281
Mechanical engineering 38220
EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS 37330
Chemistry 36922
Defence 36210
Industrial structures 34878
Life sciences 32665
Communications 32641
Pharmaceutical industry 32415
Wildlife 32229
Health 30082
6 IATE uses a three level domain classification system based on the EuroVoc thesaurus. Top level domains in this list are written in UPPER case letters.
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Building and public works 29204
ECONOMICS 29178
Earth sciences 26258
Iron, steel and other metal industries 21615
POLITICS 21492
Chemical compound 20712
EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 19788
INDUSTRY 19742
European Union 19161
Materials technology 17508
Preparation for market 17464
Statistics 17132
SOCIAL QUESTIONS 16086
Education 16070
Humanities 14113
Coal industry 13933
EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATIONS 13238
Leisure 12101
Insurance 11780
Social sciences 11119
Communications policy 11064
Communications systems 10911
Secondary information Language Independent Level
Domain Notes 293053
Origin Notes 47887
Language Level
Definitions 986670
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Notes 389161
Term Level
Notes 1023971
Term References 1933473
Contexts 34003
Context 23162 References
User Activity Activity No of terms
Overall user population (i.e. user with a ca. 5000 personal login)
Average number of queries per day 10.000
Average number of terms created per 250 day (01.01.2005 - 30.09.2005)
Average number of terms modified per 300 day
Average number of terms validated per 360 day
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13 Annex C – KÜDES - CST - COTSOES This Annex relates in particular to clause 5.4.7 in the main part of this CWA. Working Group on Terminology and Documentation 2004 report to the COTSOES General Assembly in Helsinki Extract about VIBLI – Source http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/bk/sp/cst/e/gt/term/term-helsinki- 2004-en.htm 13.1 VIBLI
Introduction The 2002 COTSOES General Assembly approved the plan for VIBLI and specified and confirmed the targets. VIBLI has the following main roles: Under VIBLI, it is intended to create a virtual library for translators and terminologists. It would give a clear listing of all links to those information sources that are proven tools of experienced translators and terminologists VIBLI is intended to provide COTSOES with a tool for fast, straightforward cooperation. As it is a joint project involving all member services, it should facilitate and motivate real cooperation VIBLI is the tool that will form the basis for the internet presence of COTSOES as an independent association The Assembly in Rome welcomed both the plans for VIBLI and the first steps in its implementation. It also noted that, in contrast to search engines, VIBLI would offer only targeted and qualitatively high value information. There were several different opinions, however, as to which data from member services should be made available to the public. VIBLI ought not to cause member services to be flooded with enquiries from the general public or to be taken advantage of by private translation services as free research agencies.
Activity report The working group has discussed these concerns and highlighted the following issues: 1. How should VIBLI be managed and maintained? Templates The working group first created all the necessary templates for entering data (see attachment). When entering its data, each member service would have the opportunity of deciding which data should be accessible to the public and which should only be accessible to member services by means of a password. This very flexible system will take into account the concerns raised in Rome. The working group therefore intends to have a minimum amount of data made available to the public. The relevant sections are marked in black in the attachment.. Data entry There were two options here: Option 1: decentralised management by member services, with password protected areas
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With this option, VIBLI will be managed and updated by the member services and the COTSOES working groups
Advantages: • Individual member services may make their own entries which are of interest to them using simple templates, and decide what content should be made accessible to the public -> splitting the work among all member services so that services make an active contribution to the layout and content of the pages; • Very flexible, more or less free of charge and can be independently upgraded or reduced at any time; • Very little time and expense required to keep website up to date; • Topical and low maintenance costs.
Disadvantages: • Higher initial outlay (due to the cost of creating the templates for the individual services to fill in and of the programming of the linking of these templates with the information shown on the screen) Estimate: Approx. € 34,000 Due to the relatively high initial outlay, a second option is being proposed for discussion: Option 2: Central management by a member service, password protected areas
Advantages: • Initially more cost-effective.
Disadvantages: • Expensive to manage; • Work involved in the management is concentrated on one office; • Higher correspondence output to obtain information from the member services; • More work to keep information up to date; • Inflexible, involves (external) costs when upgrading or making changes. Estimate: Approx. € 14,000 The working group is very clearly of the view that Option 1 is the only viable option on account of COTSOES’ organizational structure and needs for the following reasons: A decentralised organization that allows individual member services to enter the information relevant to them provides greater motivation to give life to these pages and to take an active part in the layout than if a central office has to ask for the details first and then edit them. Only with Option 1 is there a chance of the webpages becoming a real exchange and information platform and thus becoming an effective and living COTSOES tool that at the same time only requires relatively little management.
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The working group is well aware, however, that such a solution entails high initial costs. However, we would say this: As the administrative work following the construction of the website is much less than for Option 2 and only minimal subsequent expenditure is expected, the higher initial costs of Option 1 should be covered relatively quickly. This means that the costs for Option 1 are transparent and non-recurring, whereas with Option 2 any subsequent changes to be made to the structure of the website will have to be contracted out at additional expense to external programmers. a) Working groups The various working groups are responsible for the entries useful to them and they make decisions regarding responsibilities. b) Members services Relevant data is entered and updated by and is the responsibility of the individual member services. c) Country information The entry and updating of the relevant data is up to the member services of the countries themselves. They make a joint decision on responsibilities. d) Resources The terminology and documentation working group is responsible for the supervision of the Resources section. This task is split as follows among the members of the working group:: Dictionaries Annelies Glander
Specialist literature Martine Vaute, Franco Fomasi
Software and databases Christine Le-Cardiec
Comments on individual sections The working group proposes to include a Database sub-section under the Resources section. This should offer links to the existing databases that are in principle accessible to all member services. Dictionaries should be reviewed and recommended by the Dictionaries section and existing electronic dictionaries or parts thereof with direct access should be offered. It goes without saying that works published under COTSOES should also be mentioned here. The Literature section will now be entitled “Specialist Literature”.
2. How should VIBLI be funded? As COTSOES does not have its own budget, the funding of a larger project is clearly not easy. The working group has therefore looked at this aspect very closely and discussed the following financing methods: a) Each member service makes a one-off initial payment which should be in the range of € 1,000 to € 2,000. This option would have the advantage of individual member services being able in all probability to pay the contribution directly out of their own budget, thereby meaning only a small administrative effort. b) Member services pay an annual amount of between € 150 and € 350. This procedure would be particularly useful if the data is entered centrally by one individual service. Several members of the working group tend to consider this sort of financing method as
126 CWA 15526:2006 (E) being problematic since recurring annual amounts are not always approved without difficulty. c) As VIBLI is set up so as to facilitate cooperation with the new EU countries, a check should be made to see whether financial support is possible as part of the programmes for integrating these countries. The working group has also examined various ways of cutting costs: d) Contracting out the programming to a low-price country. As the preliminary work has already been done by a Swiss firm and paid for by the Swiss Federal Chancellery, such a procedure would definitely mean a break in continuity, the “cost” of which is hard to estimate. e) We could offer VIBLI in one language only. The working group is however of the view that multilingualism is one of COTSOES’ hallmarks and forms the basis for the activities of each individual member service. Thus it intends to keep to multilingualism and the plan it is proposing Final comment on financing The working group is of the view that VIBLI should not under any circumstances fail as a result of what are, after all, relatively small costs. The working group prefers the financing model that provides for a one-off initial payment by member services. Requests and Proposals to the General Assembly The working group requests the General Assembly to authorise the management, updating and financing of the following model: Decentralised data entry according to the proposed allocation of responsibilities by means of the templates created by the working group More flexible password protection which can easily be determined by the individual services. If possible, however, agreement on a minimum amount of data that can be made accessible to the public The working group also requests authorization for the following modifications: A Database sub-section should be included in the Resources section The Literature section will be renamed the “Specialist Literature” section In connection with VIBLI, the working group has come to the conclusion that COTSOES should seek contacts with the translation services of the new member countries of the EU. It should present itself to them as an association that is interested in cooperation and invite them to join COTSOES and to become involved in VIBLI. Action should be backed up by an appropriate text on the COTSOES homepage.
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14 Annex D – Codes and terms used in ADNOM This Annex relates to clause 7.1.1.4 in the main part of this CWA.
Table 1.1 - ADNOM codes and terms, Level 1, based on COFOG (Classification of the Functions of Government) 1 General public services 2 Defence 3 Public order and safety 4 Economic affairs 5 Environmental protection 6 Housing and community amenities 7 Health 8 Recreation, culture and religion 9 Education A Social protection
Table 1.2 - ADNOM codes and terms, Level 2, based on COFOG 1 General public services 11 Executive and legislative organs 12 Financial and fiscal affairs 13 External affairs 14 Foreign economic aid 15 General services 16 Basic research 2 Defence 21 Military defence 22 Civil defence 23 Foreign military aid 3 Public order and safety 31 Police services 32 Fire-protection services
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33 Law courts 34 Prisons 4 Economic affairs 41 General economic, commercial and labour affairs 42 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 43 Fuel and energy 44 Manufacturing 45 Transport 46 Communication 47 Other industries 5 Environmental protection 51 Waste management 52 Waste water management 53 Pollution abatement 54 Protection of biodiversity and landscape 6 Housing and community amenities 61 Housing development 62 Community development 63 Water supply 64 Street lighting 7 Health 71 Medical products, appliances and equipment 72 Outpatient services 73 Hospital services 74 Public health services 8 Recreation, culture and religion 81 Recreational and sporting services 82 Cultural services 83 Broadcasting and publishing services 84 Religious and other community services 9 Education
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91 Pre-primary and primary education 92 Secondary education 93 Post-secondary non-tertiary education 94 Tertiary education A Social protection A1 Sickness and disability A2 Old age A3 Survivors A4 Family and children A5 Unemployment A6 Housing A7 Social exclusion
Table 1.3 - ADNOM codes and terms, Level 3, based on COFOG, and incorporating terms from Eurovoc, NACE, and GEMET 1 General public services 11 Executive and legislative organs 11BA Politics 11BB political framework 11BC political party 11BD electoral procedure and voting 11BE parliament 11BF parliamentary proceedings 11BG politics and public safety [Law and order services] 12 Financial and fiscal affairs 12HA Finance 12HB monetary relations 12HC monetary economics 12HD credit and financial institutions 12HE free movement of capital 12HF financing and investment 12HG insurance
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12HH public finance and budget policy 12HJ budget 12HK taxation 12HL prices 13 External affairs 13CA International Relations 13CB international affairs 13DD international balance 13DA European Communities 13DB Community institutions and European civil service 13DC Community law 13DD European construction 13DE Community finance 13XA International Organizations 13XB United Nations 13XC European organizations 13XD extra-European organizations 13XE intergovernmental organizations 13XF non-governmental organizations 13YA Geography 13YB Europe and the former Soviet Union 13YC regions of the Community countries 13YD America 13YE Africa 13YF Asia and Oceania 13YG economic geography 13YH political geography 13YJ overseas countries and territories 14 Foreign economic aid 14CC cooperation policy [including development aid] 15 General services
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15BH executive power and public service 16 Basic research 16LA Science 16LB natural and applied sciences 16LC humanities 16TA Production, Technology And Research 16TB production 16TC technology and technical regulations 16TD research and intellectual property 2 Defence 20CE defence 21 Military defence [land-, sea-, air-defence forces] 22 Civil defence [planning/exercises; civilian populations] 23 Foreign military aid [including UN or NATO Peacekeeping] 3 Public order and safety 30EA Law 30EB sources and branches of the law 30EC civil law 30ED criminal law 30EE justice 30EF organization of the legal system 30EG international law 30EH rights and freedoms 31 Police services 32 Fire protection services 33 Law courts 34 Prisons 4 Economic affairs 41 General economic, commercial and labour affairs 41FA Economics 41FB economic policy
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41FC economic growth 41FD regions and regional policy 41FE economic structure 41FF national accounts 41FG economic analysis 41GA Trade 41GB trade policy 41GC tariff policy 41GD trade 41GE international trade 41GF consumption 41GG marketing 41GH distributive trades 41MA Business And Competition 41MB business organization 41MC business classification 41MD legal form of organizations 41ME management 41MF accounting 41MG competition 41NA Employment And Working Conditions 41NB employment 41NC labour market 41ND organization of work and working conditions 41NE personnel management and staff remuneration 41NF labour law and labour relations 42 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting [Land industries] 42RA Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries 42RB agricultural policy 42RC agricultural structures and production 42RD farming systems
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42RE cultivation of agricultural land 42RF means of agricultural production 42RG agricultural activity 42RH forestry 42RJ fisheries 42SA Agri-Foodstuffs 42SB plant product 42SC animal product 42SD processed agricultural produce 42SE beverages and sugar 42SF foodstuff 42SG agri-foodstuffs 42SH food technology 42ZA Agriculture, forestry and fishing (NACE) 43 Fuel and energy [Energy and extractive industries] 43UA Energy 43UB energy policy 43UC coal and mining industries 43UD oil industry 43UE electrical and nuclear industries 43UF soft energy 43ZB Mining and quarrying (NACE) 43ZD Electricity, gas, steam, air conditioning supply (NACE) 44 Manufacturing 44VA Industry 44VB industrial structures and policy 44VC chemistry 44VD iron, steel and other metal industries 44VE mechanical engineering 44VF electronics and electrical engineering 44VH wood industry
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44VJ leather and textile industries 44VK miscellaneous industries 44ZC Manufacturing [specific industries in detail] (NACE) 45 Transport [Transport industries] 45PA Transport 45PB transport policy 45PC organization of transport [including mode of transport, and pipelines] 45PD land transport [road and rail] 45PE maritime and inland waterway transport [water transport] 45PF air and space transport 45ZH Transportation and storage (NACE) 46 Communication [Information industries] 46KA [Education and] Communications 46KE documentation 46KF communications 46KG information and information processing 46KH information technology and data processing 46ZJ Information and communication (NACE) 47 Other industries [Wholesale, Retail, Service industries] 47ZG Wholesale and retail trade; Motor trade (NACE) 47ZI Accommodation and food service activities (NACE) 47ZJ Financial and insurance activities (NACE) 47ZL Real estate activities (NACE) 47ZM Professional, scientific, technical activities (NACE) 47ZN Administrative and support service activities (NACE) 47ZS Repair of computers and personal and household goods and other service activities (NACE) 5 Environmental protection 5022 Economics, finance (GEMET) 5023 Legislation, norms, conventions (GEMET) 5024 Administration, management, policy, politics, institutions, planning (GEMET)
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5025 Environmental policy (GEMET) 5026 Information, education, culture, environmental awareness (GEMET) 5027 Research, sciences (GEMET) 5028 Health, nutrition (GEMET) 5029 Risks, safety (GEMET) 5030 Society (GEMET) 50QA Environment 50QB environmental policy 50QC natural environment 50QD deterioration of the environment 51 Waste management 51ZE Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (NACE) 52 Waste water management 53 Pollution abatement 5320 Wastes, pollutants, pollution (GEMET) 5321 Effects, impacts (GEMET) 54 Protection of biodiversity and landscape 5401 Environment (natural environment, anthropic environment) (GEMET) 5402 Time (chronology) (GEMET) 5403 Space (GEMET) 5404 Atmosphere (air, climate) (GEMET) 5405 Hydrosphere (freshwater, marine water, waters) (GEMET) 5406 Lithosphere (soil, geological processes) (GEMET) 5407 Land (landscape, geography) (GEMET) 5408 Biosphere (organisms, ecosystems) (GEMET) 5409 Anthroposphere (built environment, human settlements, land setup) (GEMET) 5410 Chemistry, substances, processes (GEMET) 5411 Physical aspects, noise, vibrations, radiations (GEMET) 5412 Energy (GEMET)
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5413 Resources (utilization of resources) (GEMET) 5414 Products, materials (GEMET) 5415 Agriculture, forestry; animal husbandry; fishery (GEMET) 5416 Industry, crafts; technology; equipments (GEMET) 5417 Trade, services (GEMET) 5418 Traffic, transportation (GEMET) 5419 Recreation, tourism (GEMET) 6 Housing and community amenities [and Construction industry] 60JK construction and town planning 60VG building and public works 61 Housing development 62 Community development 63 Water supply 64 Street lighting 64ZF Construction (NACE) 7 Health 70JJ [health] 71 Medical products, appliances and equipment 72 Outpatient services 73 Hospital services 74 Public health services 74ZQ Human health and social work activities (NACE) 8 Recreation, culture and religion 80JG culture and religion 81 Recreational and sporting services 82 Cultural services 83 Broadcasting and publishing services 84 Religious and other community services 84ZR Arts, entertainment and recreation (NACE) 9 Education 90KA Education [And Communications]
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90KB education 90KC teaching 90KD organization of teaching 90ZP Education (NACE) 91 Pre-primary and primary education 92 Secondary education 93 Post-secondary non-tertiary education 94 Tertiary education A Social protection A0JA Social Questions A0JB family A0JC migration A0JD demography and population A0JE social framework A0JF social affairs A0JG social protection A1 Sickness and disability A2 Old age A3 Survivors A4 Family and children A5 Unemployment A6 Housing A7 Social exclusion
Table 2 - Administrative jurisdictions (Eurostat NUTS codes) AD Andorra AL Albania AT Austria BA Bosnia and Herzegovina BE Belgium BG Bulgaria
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BY Belarus CH Switzerland CS Serbia and Montenegro CY Cyprus CZ Czech Republic DE Germany DK Denmark EE Estonia ES Spain FI Finland FR France GR Greece HR Croatia HU Hungary IE Ireland IS Iceland IT Italy LI Liechtenstein LT Lithuania LU Luxembourg LV Latvia MD Moldova MK Macedonia (FYROM) MT Malta NL Netherlands NO Norway PL Poland PT Portugal RO Romania RU Russian Federation SE Sweden
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SI Slovenia SK Slovakia TR Turkey UA Ukraine UK United Kingdom
Table 3 - Administrative organs -0011 Head of State -0012 Chief Minister(s) -0014 Executive Offices [Cabinet Office, Chancellery, Chief Minister’s Office, etc] -0016 Assemblies (Parliament) -0020 Ministries -0030 Boards [Executive] -0040 Agencies -0050 Enterprises [Government-Directed Enterprises/commercial companies] -0060 Councils [Policy-Review Assemblies] -0070 Committees -0080 Divisions -0090 Units -0091 Policy Units -0092 Advisory Units -0093 Inspection Units -0094 Training Units -0095 Research Units -0096 Treatment Units -0097 Prevention Units -0099 Specialist Units -0300 Judicial and similar institutions [mostly subdivisions of -0300 are used rather than -0300 itself] -0340 Inspectorates -0380 Tribunal -0390 Ombudsman
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-0900 Schools and other education institutions [mostly subdivisions of -0900 are used rather than -0900 itself] -0940 Higher education institutions
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15 Annex E – ISO/TC 37 Terminology and other language and content resources This Annex relates to clause 8.4 of this CWA. 15.1 ISO/TC 37 Founded in 1936; re-established in 1951. Scope: Standardisation of principles, methods and applications relating to terminology and other language and content resources in the contexts of multilingual communication and cultural diversity. Detailed descriptions of ISO/TC 37 and its sub-groups and products are found in Annex E (chapter 16) of this CWA. SC 1 Principles and Methods (chair: L.-J. Rousseau, Secr. Sweden) SC 2 Terminography and Lexicography (chair: G. Budin, Secr. Canada) SC 3 Computer applications (chair: B. Nistrup Madsen, Secr. Germany) SC 4 Language Resource Management (chair: L. Romary, Secr. Korea) Each SC has several working groups which run at least one project Based on practical needs horizontal cooperation and coordination is to be guaranteed by SC chairs According to the structure of the 4 Sub-Committees, the following standards have been developed over many years or are being developed at the moment
The following standards are under the direct responsibility of ISO/TC 37/SC 1: ISO 704 : 2000 Terminology work – Principles and methods ISO 860 : 1996 Terminology work – Harmonization of concepts and terms ISO 1087-1 : 2000 Terminology work – Vocabulary – Part 1: Theory and application
The following standards are under preparation: ISO/CD 704 Terminology work – Principles and methods ISO/CD 860 Terminology work – Harmonisation of concepts and terms ISO/PWI 1087-1 Terminology work – Vocabulary – Part 1: Theory and application ISO/WD TS 22134 Practical guide for socioterminology 15.1.1 ISO/TC 37/SC 2 Title: Terminography and lexicography Scope: Standardisation of terminological and lexicographical working methods, procedures, coding systems, workflows, and cultural diversity management, as well as related certification schemes
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The following standards are under the direct responsibility of ISO/TC 37/SC 2: ISO 639-1 : 2002 Codes for the representation of names of languages – Part 1: Alpha-2 code ISO 639-2 : 1998 Codes for the representation of names of languages – Part 2: Alpha-3 code ISO 1951 : 1997 Lexicographical symbols and typographical conventions for use in terminography ISO 10241 : 1992 International terminology standards -- Preparation and layout ISO 12199 : 2000 Alphabetical ordering of multilingual terminological and lexicographical data represented in the Latin alphabet ISO 12615 Bibliographic references and source identifiers for terminology ISO 12616 : 2002 Translation-oriented terminography ISO 15188 : 2001 Project management guidelines for terminology Standardisation
The following standards are under preparation: ISO/DIS 639-3 Codes for the representation of names of languages – Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages ISO/CD 639-4 Codes for the representation of names of languages – Part 4: Implementation guidelines and general principles for language coding ISO/CD 639-5 Codes for the representation of names of languages – Part 5: Alpha-3 code for language families and groups ISO/CD 639-6 Codes for the representation of names of languages – Part 6: Alpha-4 representation for comprehensive coverage of language variation ISO/FDIS 1951 Presentation/representation of entries in dictionaries ISO/CD 10241-1 Terminological entries in standards – Part 1: General requirements ISO/NWI TR 22128 Quality assurance guidelines for terminology products ISO/WD 23185 Assessment and benchmarking of terminological data holdings -- General concepts and principles 15.1.2 ISO/TC 37/SC 3 Title: Terminology management systems and content interoperability Scope: Standardisation of principles and requirements for semantic interoperability, terminology and content management systems, and knowledge ordering tools.
The following standards are under the direct responsibility of ISO/TC 37/SC 3: ISO 1087-2 : 2000 Terminology work – Vocabulary – Part 2: Computer applications ISO 12200 : 1999 Computer applications in terminology – Machine-readable terminology interchange format (MARTIF) – Negotiated interchange ISO 12620 : 1999 Computer applications in terminology – Data categories ISO 16642 : 2003 Computer applications in terminology – Terminological markup framework
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The following standards are under preparation: ISO/NWI TR 12618 Computational aids in terminology – Design, implementation and use of terminology management systems ISO/CD 12620-1 Computer applications in terminology – Data categories – Part 1: Model for description and procedures for maintenance of data category registries for language resources ISO/CD 12620-2 Computer applications in terminology – Data categories – Part 2: Terminological data categories 15.1.3 ISO/TC 37/SC 4 Title: Language ressource management Scope: Standardisation of specifications for computer-assisted language resource management Linguistic infrastructures are being established or re-enforced as part of the rapidly evolving information and communication society; Professional activities involving language resource sharing and Standardisation are increasing in diverse areas: - governmental or non-governmental organizations, public or private institutions, educational institutions, commercial enterprises, etc.; - both globalisation and localisation necessitate multilingual communication; There is an increasing need for new standardisation as well as urgent recognition of existing de facto standards and their transformation into International Standards
The following standards are under preparation: ISO/WD 21829 Terminology for language resources ISO/NP 23679-1 Word segmentation of written texts for mono-lingual and multi-lingual information processing – Part 1: General principles and methods ISO/NP 23679-2 Word segmentation of written texts for mono-lingual and multi-lingual information processing – Part 2: Word segmentation for Chinese, Japanese and Korean ISO/CD 24610-3 Language resource management – Feature structures – Part 3: Word segmentation for other languages ISO/CD 24611 Language resource management – Morphosyntactic annotation framework ISO/WD 24612 Language Resource Management – Linguistic Annotation Framework ISO/CD 24613 Language resource management – Lexical markup framework Many of these standards have been “localised” to national level by developing national standards that conform to these International Standards. In the following, some of the most important standards or draft documents that are currently debated in one of the ISO/TC 37 working groups are discussed, as far as they are directly relevant to the ADNOM framework, as they are indispensable for reaching a minimum degree of semantic interoperability among heterogeneous terminological resources.
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15.1.4 ISO 1087 This standard contains the metaterminology of terminology work. Any group of people aiming at pursuing terminological activities in a purposeful and efficient way will have to agree on a common understanding of what terminology is and what the most important methods of terminology work actually mean in practice. Three chapters from an earlier draft version of this standard (dating back to 1999) are cited in this CWA document for further illustration of the modus operandi envisaged (terms in bold face are defined elsewhere in this document): terminology 1 set of designations belonging to one special language terminology 2 terminology science science studying the structure, formation, development, usage and management of terminologies in various subject fields nomenclature terminology structured systematically according to pre-established naming rules NOTE 1 Nomenclatures have been elaborated in various fields, such as biology, medicine, physics and chemistry.
Aspects of terminology work terminology work work concerned with the systematic collection, description, processing and presentation of concepts and their designations terminography part of terminology work concerned with the recording and presentation of terminological data
NOTE 2 Terminological data may be presented in the form of term banks, glossaries, thesauri or other publications. terminology processing part of terminography concerned with computer aspects of database creation, maintenance and extraction of terminology from texts terminology planning activities aimed at developing, improving, implementing and disseminating the terminology of a subject field
NOTE 3 Terminology planning involves all aspects of terminology work and has among other objectives the objective of achieving vocabulary control through such normative documents as thesauri and terminology standards. concept harmonisation activity for reducing or eliminating minor differences between two or more concepts which are already closely related to each other [ISO 860:1996]
NOTE 4 Concept Harmonisation is an integral part of Standardisation.
145 CWA 15526:2006 (E) term harmonisation activity leading to the designation of one concept in different languages by terms which reflect the same or similar characteristics or have the same or slightly different forms [ISO 860:1996] term excerption part of terminology work which involves extracting terminological data by searching through a corpus
NOTE 5 Term excerption involves identifying concepts and their designations and noting any relevant information about a concept such as definitions, contexts, usage labels. term identification part of term excerption involving recognition and selection of designations corpus collection of language data brought together for analysis context text which illustrates a concept or the use of a designation base list list of designations resulting from term identification
NOTE 6 A base list is usually subject to further terminology work.
Terminological products terminological dictionary technical dictionary collection of terminological entries presenting information related to concepts or designations from one or more specific subject fields vocabulary terminological dictionary which contains designations and definitions from one or more specific subject fields
NOTE 7 The vocabulary may be monolingual, bilingual or multilingual glossary terminological dictionary which contains a list of designations from a subject field, together with equivalents in one or more languages
NOTE 8 In English common language usage glossary can refer to a unilingual list of designations and definitions in a particular subject field term bank terminological data bank data bank (ISO/FDIS 1087-2, 7.7) containing terminological data [ISO/FDIS 1087-2] terminological database database (ISO/FDIS 1087-2, 7.5) containing terminological data [ISO/FDIS 1087-2]
146 CWA 15526:2006 (E) terminological concordance ordered list of terms extracted from a corpus together with a context and a source reference
The metaterminology specified in ISO 1087 is also visualised in its internal structure in the form of concept diagrams, as the following excerpt from this document shows:
3.6 Aspects of terminology work
concept terminology work harmonization work concerned with the systematic activity for reducing collection, description, processing, or eliminating minor and presentation of concepts and their differences between designations two concepts which are already closely related to each other
term harmonization activity leading to the term excerption terminography designation of one part of terminology part of terminology work concept in different work which involves concerned with the languages by terms which extracting terminological recording and reflect the same or similar data by searching through presentation of characteristics or have the a corpus terminological data same or slightly different forms
base list term identification terminology processing list of part of term excerption part of terminography designations involving recognition concerned with computer resulting from and selection of aspects of database creation, term designations maintenance and extraction identification of terminology from texts corpus collection of language data brought together for analysis
terminological context concordance text which illustrates a ordered list of terms concept or the use of a extracted from a corpus designation together with a context and a source reference
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With a view to supplementing ADNOM relevant metalanguage methodology the following excerpt is given here, taken from a document elaborated by Christian Galinski and proposing a typology of Terminology data collections (TDColls) by presenting the following concept field: 1 systematic TDColls (entries ordered according to or based on the respective system of concepts) 1.1 terminological lexicon (TDColls with systematic concept descriptions/definitions/explanations) 1.1.1 terminological vocabulary (monolingual or multilingual “terminological lexicon” with stringent definitions and/or other kinds of systematic concept determination) 1.1.2 terminological glossary (monolingual /or multilingual/ specialised “terminological lexicon” with systematic concept descriptions/explanations) 1.1.3 terminological encyclopaedia (monolingual “cyclopaedia” [=specialised encyclopaedia]) 1.2 terminological thesaurus (based on/including monolingual or multilingual semi-systematic concept fields without definitions, but having certain usage indications and indications of concept relations) (looking like a “thesaurus”, though not being a documentation thesaurus) 1.3 terminological nomenclature (monolingual or multilingual /classifying/ “nomenclature” [with or without explanations] of “objects” in certain subject fields) terminological classification (monolingual or multilingual “concept classification” [with or without only few explanations] showing concept relations) 2 non-systematic TDColls (with alphabetical or other non-systematic order of entries) 2.1 terminological dictionary (bi- or multilingual technical /translation/ TDColls with indications of linguistic usage and domain indications or few explanations of the concepts) 2.1.1 technical dictionary (TDColls with non-systematic concept descriptions/explanations) 2.1.2 translation dictionary (bi- or multilingual TDColls with few usage indications and examples [e.g. of phraseological usage]) term list (non-systematic [e.g. alphabetical] list of terms with or without qualifying elements) annotated term list (mono- or multilingual non-systematic term list with qualifying elements) keyword list (mono- or multilingual term list without qualifying elements)
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3 hybrid terminology data collection (mixed systematic & non-systematic TDColls)
Existing and new terms used for naming the above-mentioned kinds of TDCs: terminological lexicon (as super-ordinate concept for terminological vocabulary, terminological glossary and terminological encyclopaedia) (deprecated: terminology, nomenclature, vocabulary, lexicon, dictionary, glossary) terminological vocabulary (in contrast to general purpose language vocabularies) (deprecated: terminology, nomenclature, vocabulary, lexicon, dictionary, glossary) terminological glossary (in contrast to general purpose language glossaries) (deprecated: terminology, nomenclature, vocabulary, lexicon, dictionary, glossary) terminological encyclopaedia (in contrast to other kinds of encyclopaedia) terminological dictionary (as super-ordinate concept for technical dictionaries and translation dictionaries) technical dictionary (in contrast to general purpose language dictionaries) (deprecated: terminology, nomenclature, vocabulary, lexicon, dictionary, glossary) translation dictionary (in contrast to general purpose language /translation/ dictionaries) (deprecated: terminology, nomenclature, vocabulary, lexicon, dictionary, glossary) terminological nomenclature (in contrast to nomenclatures of names of institutions, etc.) (deprecated: terminology, nomenclature, vocabulary, lexicon, dictionary, glossary) terminological thesaurus (in contrast to documentation thesaurus) terminological classification (in contrast to subject/theme classification scheme) term list (in contrast to other kinds of word/term lists) keyword list (in contrast to “subject heading lists” in librarianship and documentation) 15.1.5 ISO 704 This standard lays down the principles and methods of terminology work, e.g.: how to define a term, how to create new terms, how to create concept systems, etc. The table of contents of an earlier draft version of the current ISO 704 shows the level of detail of the specifications laid down in this standard. On the basis of explaining the fundamental theoretical elements of terminology studies (what is a concept, what is a term, etc.), the most important principles of term formation, of writing definitions, etc. are explained. The consistent application of these principles and methods is obviously crucial for successful terminology work in the ADNOM project. ISO 15188 is a procedural standard for terminology projects. In the following figure, taken from Annex A of this document is shown as a flow chart for carrying out terminology Standardization projects.
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ISO 12620 is currently under revision. A registry of data categories is being developed in this context. For reaching consistency in specifying and using data categories in the future ADNOM framework, the application of ISO 12620 will be crucial. Terminological interoperability can only be reached by using this approach. The following information is taken from a presentation by Nancy Ide and Laurent Romary (TC 37/SC 4): DCR = Data Category Registry
Functions of DCR • provides a precise semantics for annotation categories • can be used “off the shelf” or modified to serve specific needs • provides a set of reference categories onto which scheme-specific names can be mapped • provides a point of departure for definition of variant, more precise, or entirely new data categories Data category: elementary descriptor used in a linguistic annotation scheme A data category consists of • attributes (type descriptors), e.g., /syntactic category/, /grammatical gender/ • associated atomic values taken by attributes, e.g., /noun/, /feminine/ • distinguish between the abstraction (concept) behind an attribute or value and its realization as some string of characters or other object
DCR provides a set of reference concepts • Annotator provides a Data Category Specification (DCS) • mapping between scheme-specific instantiations and concepts in the DCR • provides documentation for the user’s annotation scheme • DCS included or referenced in data exchange • provides receiver with information to interpret annotation content or map to another instantiation • semantic integrity guaranteed by mutual reference to DCR concepts
Multi-lingualism • DCR must support multiple languages by providing the following: • reference definitions for data categories in various languages • data element names for data categories in various languages • description of usage in language-specific contexts, including definitions, usage notes, examples, and/or lists of values
Management of the DCR • a single central data category registry covering all applications within the domain of language resource creation and use
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• management will not be fully centralized • implement a structure that exploits expertise of individuals but also ensures coherence within the registry
Approval Process • Introduction or revision of data categories organized in two steps: • selection: committee of experts • propose data categories relevant for a given domain • cycle of proposal, publication, solicitation of public comment, revision, approval • harmonization: DCR board, chair appointed by TC37 plenary • ensure the coherence of new proposals with the scope of the registry and existing data categories
Thematic Views • DCR organized by thematic views (domains) • Each view will include a specialized subset of information in the DCR
For example • terminological data collection • linguistic annotation (morpho-syntactic, syntactic, discourse level, etc.) • lexical representation (both NLP-oriented and traditional lexicography) • language resource metadata • language codes
Preliminary Template Conceptual entry is the heart of the data category description • Conceptual Entry • Entry identifier • Definition • Explanation • Example • Source • Status • Profile • Conceptual range • Note • Broader concept
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16 Bibliography The following material, though not specifically referenced in the body of the present document (or not publicly available), gives supporting information. Documents that are referenced in the main body of this document, are included in chapter 2 “Normative references”. - Handbook of Terminology Management; Compiled by Sue Ellen Wright and Gerhard Budin - ISO 1087-2 : 2000 Terminology work – Vocabulary – Part 2: Computer applications. - ISO 10241 : 1992 International terminology standards – Preparation and layout. - ISO 12199 : 2000 Alphabetical ordering of multilingual terminological and lexicographical data represented in the Latin alphabet. - ISO 12615 : 2004 Bibliographic references and source identifiers for terminology work. - ISO 12616 : 2002 Translation-oriented terminography. - ISO 12620 : 1999 Computer applications in terminology – Data categories. - Nordterm 8 Heidi Suonuuti, Guide to Terminology - http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/bk/sp/cst/e/gt/term/term-helsinki-2004-en.htm - http://europa.eu.int/scadplus/glossary/index_en.htm - http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/17/63/2666138.pdf - http://www.defra.gov.uk/corporate/acronym.htm - http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/www/en/infoservice/terminologie/ - http://www.defense.gouv.fr/sites/ema/decouverte/emploi_des_forces/glossaire_intera rmees/glossaire_des_sigles_et_abreviations/ - http://www.defense.gouv.fr/sites/ema/enjeux_defense/operations_exterieures/kosovo /informations_generales/dictionnaire_des_acronymes/ - http://www.dipf.de/datenbanken/IZB_educationworldwide.htm - http://kala.mfa.ee/Zope/Vlepingud/index_html - http://www.eurydice.org/TeeForm/FrameSet_EN.htm - http://www.eurfedling.org/ - http://www.bildungsserver.de/glossar.html?sp=1 - http://www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/2978/a/20467 - http://mot.kielikone.fi/mot/valter/netmot.exe?UI=enva2 - http://www.pobail.ie/en/IrishLanguage/ThePlacenamesBranch/ - http://www.admin.ch/ch/i/bk/termdat/f/about/ - http://www1.ukie.gov.pl/test/WWW/en.nsf/0/8F30E2DFEBBA0BD9C1256E83004D89 F1?open
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[TMRA05] “Charting the Topic Map Research and Applications Landscape”. Proceedings of the TMRA’05 – Workshop on Topic Map Research and Applications (to be published) http://www.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/~tmra05
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17 Annex F – Conference declaration
Declaration Representatives of learned societies and regional, national and European organisations, meeting in Brussels on 1 December 2005 on the occasion of the international conference Administrative Terminology and Nomenclature; The Communicative Government organised by the Association for Dutch Terminology (NL-TERM) and the European Committee for Standardization Workshop for Administrative Nomenclature (CEN/ISSS WS ADNOM), considering – that communication between governmental institutions and societal actors, enabling every actor to function optimally in the democratic and socio-economic fabric of the state is of the utmost importance; – that the increasing communication density made possible by electronic instruments obliges the actors to optimise communication content; – that professional and sector organisations develop specific terminology for fast and precise internal communication, whereas the use of such terminology may create a communication barrier between the specialist and the non-specialist; – that in multinational contexts the use of a diversity of languages and different underlying concept systems may create further communication barriers; – that governments are responsible for the development, the maintenance and the publication of ‘their’ administrative terminology; – that the term ‘governments’ in this declaration refers to regional and national governments as well as European Union and international governmental institutions, unless any of these levels is mentioned explicitly; – that timely and transparent communication within and between governments, their administrations and dependent agencies is of crucial importance for the welfare of citizens, businesses and institutions; adopted the following recommendations which they hereby address to the responsible authorities: 1. Definition and scope of administrative terminology and nomenclature Administrative terminology is the set of all terms to be found in official texts issued by governments and their representatives acting as legal organisations, i.e. as organisations that are by law entrusted with authority in the public domain. 2. Interoperability of administrative terminology The elaboration of administrative terminology should be undertaken in a coherent fashion. Governments should therefore agree on a data model of description that guarantees consistency and, in particular, semantic interoperability. The common/comparable data
155 CWA 15526:2006 (E) model should ensure that terminologies for sub-domains such as social security, health care, taxation, security, defence, education etc. can be elaborated in a coherent and compatible way and that communication with different types of users becomes feasible. 3. Elaboration of standardised terminologies Governments should further the systematic elaboration and publication of both models and lists of administrative terms, taking care that common nomenclature and domains that partially overlap can make use of the same terms for the shared sub-domains. National, European and international organisations for standardisation should be called upon to support the harmonisation and standardisation process. 4. Organisation of terminology management and development Governments should organise their terminology efforts in a fashion that ensures that the terminology efforts of the various specialised departments and agencies are coordinated and work according to the models and standards that have been adopted. However, the vertical approach must be complemented by horizontal links between specialised departments in the various countries and international institutions to ensure both international and linguistic compatibility. 5. Electronic storage, access and linkage of administrative terminology Governments should ensure that ‘their’ administrative terminology is available electronically in a way adapted to the needs of different users. The full exploitation of electronic methods has a significant impact on the management, development and use of administrative terminology, as well as on the training of terminologists and users. Both the reception and production of terminology can be improved through simplified access to terminology collections worldwide and a simplified way of manipulating the data. 6. Methodological and computational tools in the administrative domains Administrative terminology is embedded in electronic or paper documents of any size and nature. Laws, speeches, letters, forms, reports and notes are means of information exchange. As users of administrative terminology, authors, translators, descriptors, documentalists and readers need to be supported by advanced methodological and computational linguistic tools that go beyond traditional term banks, in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their efforts. 7. Dissemination and evaluation of user-friendly administrative terminology as part of an interoperative e-government Transparent government and e-government are political priorities. Transparency can be elaborated in many practical ways: texts should be short, unambiguous, consistent, informative and in a language understood by the user. Administrative terminology plays a key role as an enabler of interoperability within e-government. The effectiveness of terminology, terminology use and terminology infrastructure in achieving these goals should be regularly evaluated. Done in Brussels on 1 December 2005 Prof. Dr. Gerhard Budin Prof. Dr. Willy Martin Ir. Jan Roukens Conference Chairman Conference Scientific Rapporteur Conference Coordinator
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