Geology of Europe - Franz Neubauer
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Tectonics and Sedimentation in Foreland Basins: Results from the Integrated Basin Studies Project
Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 30, 2021 Tectonics and sedimentation in foreland basins: results from the Integrated Basin Studies project ALAIN MASCLE 1 & CAI PUIGDEFABREGAS 2,3 IIFP School, 228-232 avenue Napoldon Bonaparte, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, France (e-mail: [email protected]) 2Norsk Hydro Research Centre, Bergen, Norway. 3Institut de Ciences de la Terra, (?SIC, Barcelona, Spain. Why foreland basins? to a better understanding of some basic interact- ing tectonic, sedimentary and hydrologic pro- Over the last ten years or so, since the Fribourg cesses (More & Vrolijk 1992; Touret & van meeting in 1985 (Homewood et al. 1986), the Hinte 1992). Additional data have also been attention given by sedimentologists and struc- obtained through the development of analogue tural geologists to the geology of foreland basins and numerical models (Larroque et al. 1992; has been growing continuously, parallel to the Zoetemeijer 1993). The physical parameters increase of co-operative links between scientists controlling the forward propagation of d6colle- from the two disciplines. A number of reasons ments and thrusts (fluid pressure, roughness, lie behind this development. Attempting to sediment thickness, etc.) have been determined understand the growth of an orogen without and tested. The relationships between rapidly paying due attention to the stratigraphic record subsiding piggyback basins and growing ramp of the derived sediments would be unrealistic. It anticlines have also been imaged, although the would, moreover, be equally unrealistic to con- lack of deep-sea well control still prevents accu- struct restored sections across the chain without rate sedimentological studies. More significant considering the constraints imposed by the has been the progress in our understanding of basin-fill architecture, or to describe the basin- the role of fluids and pore pressure in the fill evolution disregarding the development of development of thrust belts. -
Neotectonics and Long-Term Seismicity in Europe and the Mediterranean Region
1 2 Neotectonics and long-term seismicity in Europe and the 3 Mediterranean region 4 5 Michele M. C. Carafa (1), Salvatore Barba (2) and Peter Bird (3) 6 1 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – INGV, Sezione di Tettonofisica e 7 Sismologia, L’Aquila, Italy. Email: [email protected] 8 2 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – INGV, Sezione di Tettonofisica e 9 Sismologia, Rome, Italy. Email: [email protected] 10 3 Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, University of California, Los 11 Angeles, USA. Email: [email protected] 12 13 Abstract 14 We present a neotectonic model of ongoing lithosphere deformation and a 15 corresponding estimate of long-term shallow seismicity across the Africa-Eurasia plate 16 boundary, including the eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean region, and continental Europe. 17 GPS and stress data are absent or inadequate for the part of the study area covered by 18 water. Thus, we opt for a dynamic model based on the stress-equilibrium equation; this 19 approach allows us to estimate the long-term behavior of the lithosphere (given certain 20 assumptions about its structure and physics) for both land and sea areas. We first update 21 the existing plate model by adding five quasi-rigid plates (the Ionian Sea, Adria, 22 Northern Greece, Central Greece, and Marmara) to constrain the deformation pattern of 23 the study area. We use the most recent datasets to estimate the lithospheric structure. 24 The models are evaluated in comparison with updated datasets of geodetic velocities 25 and the most compressive horizontal principal stress azimuths. -
Identification Key for Pliocene and Quaternary Spiniferites Taxa Bearing Intergonal Processes Based on Observations from Estuarine and Coastal Environments
PALYNOLOGY 2018, VOL. 42, NO. S1, 72–88 https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2018.1465733 Identification key for Pliocene and Quaternary Spiniferites taxa bearing intergonal processes based on observations from estuarine and coastal environments Audrey Limogesa,b, Laurent Londeixc, Kenneth Neil Mertensd,e, Andre Rochonf, Vera Pospelovag, Tomasa Cuellar h and Anne de Vernali aDepartment of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark; bDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of New Brunswick, 2 Bailey Drive, Fredericton, Canada; cUMR 5805 EPOC, CS50023, Allee Geoffroy Saint-Hillaire, Universite de Bordeaux, Pessac Cedex, France; dResearch Unit for Palaeontology Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; eIfremer, LER BO, Station de Biologie Marine, Place de la Croix, Concarneau Cedex, France; fInstitut des sciences de la mer (ISMER), UniversiteduQuebec a Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada; gSchool of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada; hPosgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologıa, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Coyoacan, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico; iDepartement des sciences de la Terre et de l’Atmosphere, Geotop, UniversiteduQuebec a Montreal, Montreal, Canada ABSTRACT KEYWORDS The use of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages as a tool for palaeo-environmental reconstructions strongly Dinoflagellate cyst; relies on the robustness of cyst identification and existing information on the distribution of the differ- taxonomy; description; ent species. To this purpose, we propose a functional key for the identification of Pliocene and morphological variability; emendations Quaternary Spiniferites bearing intergonal processes and depict the range of morphological variation of the different species on the basis of new observations from estuarine and coastal regions. Accordingly, the description of Spiniferites mirabilis is emended to include the new subspecies Spiniferites mirabilis subsp. -
French Massif Armoricain
The Léon Domain (French Massif Armoricain): a westward extension of the Mid-German Crystalline Rise? Structural and geochronological insights Michel Faure, Claire Sommers, Jérémie Melleton, Alain Cocherie, Olivier Lautout To cite this version: Michel Faure, Claire Sommers, Jérémie Melleton, Alain Cocherie, Olivier Lautout. The Léon Domain (French Massif Armoricain): a westward extension of the Mid-German Crystalline Rise? Structural and geochronological insights. International Journal of Earth Sciences, Springer Verlag, 2010, 99 (1), pp.65-81. 10.1007/s00531-008-0360-x. insu-00352053 HAL Id: insu-00352053 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00352053 Submitted on 12 Jan 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Léon Domain (French Massif Armoricain): a westward extension of the Mid-German Crystalline Rise? Structural and geochronological insights Michel Faure1 , Claire Sommers1, Jérémie Melleton1, 2, Alain Cocherie2 and Olivier Lautout1 (1) ISTO Campus Géosciences, Orléans University, 1A Rue de la Férollerie, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France (2) BRGM, Av. Claude-Guillemin, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France Abstract The Léon Domain in the NW part of the French Massif Armoricain is a stack of synmetamorphic nappes displaced from south to north in ductile conditions. -
Balkatach Hypothesis: a New Model for the Evolution of the Pacific, Tethyan, and Paleo-Asian Oceanic Domains
Research Paper GEOSPHERE Balkatach hypothesis: A new model for the evolution of the Pacific, Tethyan, and Paleo-Asian oceanic domains 1,2 2 GEOSPHERE, v. 13, no. 5 Andrew V. Zuza and An Yin 1Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA 2Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, USA doi:10.1130/GES01463.1 18 figures; 2 tables; 1 supplemental file ABSTRACT suturing. (5) The closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the early Permian was accompanied by a widespread magmatic flare up, which may have been CORRESPONDENCE: avz5818@gmail .com; The Phanerozoic history of the Paleo-Asian, Tethyan, and Pacific oceanic related to the avalanche of the subducted oceanic slabs of the Paleo-Asian azuza@unr .edu domains is important for unraveling the tectonic evolution of the Eurasian Ocean across the 660 km phase boundary in the mantle. (6) The closure of the and Laurentian continents. The validity of existing models that account for Paleo-Tethys against the southern margin of Balkatach proceeded diachro- CITATION: Zuza, A.V., and Yin, A., 2017, Balkatach hypothesis: A new model for the evolution of the the development and closure of the Paleo-Asian and Tethyan Oceans criti- nously, from west to east, in the Triassic–Jurassic. Pacific, Tethyan, and Paleo-Asian oceanic domains: cally depends on the assumed initial configuration and relative positions of Geosphere, v. 13, no. 5, p. 1664–1712, doi:10.1130 the Precambrian cratons that separate the two oceanic domains, including /GES01463.1. the North China, Tarim, Karakum, Turan, and southern Baltica cratons. -
The Geology of England – Critical Examples of Earth History – an Overview
The Geology of England – critical examples of Earth history – an overview Mark A. Woods*, Jonathan R. Lee British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG *Corresponding Author: Mark A. Woods, email: [email protected] Abstract Over the past one billion years, England has experienced a remarkable geological journey. At times it has formed part of ancient volcanic island arcs, mountain ranges and arid deserts; lain beneath deep oceans, shallow tropical seas, extensive coal swamps and vast ice sheets; been inhabited by the earliest complex life forms, dinosaurs, and finally, witnessed the evolution of humans to a level where they now utilise and change the natural environment to meet their societal and economic needs. Evidence of this journey is recorded in the landscape and the rocks and sediments beneath our feet, and this article provides an overview of these events and the themed contributions to this Special Issue of Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, which focuses on ‘The Geology of England – critical examples of Earth History’. Rather than being a stratigraphic account of English geology, this paper and the Special Issue attempts to place the Geology of England within the broader context of key ‘shifts’ and ‘tipping points’ that have occurred during Earth History. 1. Introduction England, together with the wider British Isles, is blessed with huge diversity of geology, reflected by the variety of natural landscapes and abundant geological resources that have underpinned economic growth during and since the Industrial Revolution. Industrialisation provided a practical impetus for better understanding the nature and pattern of the geological record, reflected by the publication in 1815 of the first geological map of Britain by William Smith (Winchester, 2001), and in 1835 by the founding of a national geological survey. -
Assessment of Undiscovered Conventionally Recoverable Petroleum Resources of the Northwest European Region
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 922-A Assessment of Undiscovered Conventionally Recoverable Petroleum Resources of the Northwest European Region Assessment of Undiscovered Conventionally Recoverable Petroleum Resources of the North\Nest European Region By Charles D. Masters and H. Douglas Klemme U. S. G E 0 L 0 G I CAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 9 2 2- A Prepared in cooperation with Weeks Exploration Company under contract to the U.S. Geological Survey A resource assessment and a brief description of the petroleum geology, including play distribution, that accounts for the petroleum accumulation in the North Sea and adjoining areas 1984 Department of the Interior WILLIAM P. CLARK, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Dallas L. Peck, Director Free on application to Distribution Branch, Text Products Section, U. S. Geological Survey, 604 South Pickett Street, Alexandria, VA 22304 CONTENTS Page Pref~--------------------------------------------------------------------- v Absttact-------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Inbuduction ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Regional geology ------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Pettoleum geology ------------------------------------------------------------ 6 Resource assessment---------------------------------------------------------- 14 COmmen~ ------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 References cited -------------------------------------------------------------- 22 ILLUSTRATIONS Page FIGURE 1. Map -
GY 112 Lecture Notes D
GY 112 Lecture Notes D. Haywick (2006) 1 GY 112 Lecture Notes Archean Geology Lecture Goals: A) Time frame (the Archean and earlier) B) Rocks and tectonic elements (shield/platform/craton) C) Tectonics and paleogeography Textbook reference: Levin 7th edition (2003), Chapter 6; Levin 8th edition (2006), Chapter 8 A) Time frame Up until comparatively recently (start of the 20th century), most geologists focused their discussion of geological time on two eons; the “Precambrian” and the Phanerozoic. We now officially recognize 4 eons and the Precambrian is just used as a come-all term for all time before the Phanerozoic: Eon Time Phanerozoic 550 MA to 0 MA Proterozoic 2.5 GA to 550 MA Archean 3.96 GA to 2.5 GA Hadean 4.6 GA to 3.96 GA The “youngest” of these two new eons, the Archean, was first introduced by field geologists working in areas where very old rocks cropped out. One of these geologists was Sir William Logan (pictured at left; ess.nrcan.gc.ca ) one of the most respected geologists working with the Geological Survey of Canada. His study area was the Canadian Shield. Logan was able to identify two major types of rocks; 1) layered sedimentary and volcanic rocks and 2) highly metamorphosed granitic gneisses (see image at the top of the next page from http://www.trailcanada.com/images/canadian-shield.jpg). Logan found evidence that the gneisses mostly underlayed the layered rocks and hence, they had to be older than the layered rocks. The layered rocks were known to be Proterozoic in age. -
Technical Report 08-05 Skb-Tr-98-05
SE9900011 TECHNICAL REPORT 08-05 SKB-TR-98-05 The Very Deep Hole Concept - Geoscientific appraisal of conditions at great depth C Juhlin1, T Wallroth2, J Smellie3, T Eliasson4, C Ljunggren5, B Leijon3, J Beswick6 1 Christopher Juhlin Consulting 2 Bergab Consulting Geologists 3 ConterraAB 4 Geological Survey of Sweden 5 Vattenfall Hydropower AB 6 EDECO Petroleum Services Ltd June 1998 30- 07 SVENSK KARNBRANSLEHANTERING AB SWEDISH NUCLEAR FUEL AND WASTE MANAGEMENT CO P.O.BOX 5864 S-102 40 STOCKHOLM SWEDEN PHONE +46 8 459 84 00 FAX+46 8 661 57 19 THE VERY DEEP HOLE CONCEPT • GEOSCIENTIFIC APPRAISAL OF CONDITIONS AT GREAT DEPTH CJuhlin1, T Wai froth2, J Smeflie3, TEIiasson4, C Ljunggren5, B Leijon3, J Beswick6 1 Christopher Juhlin Consulting 2 Bergab Consulting Geologists 3 Conterra AB 4 Geological Survey of Sweden 5 Vattenfall Hydropower AB 6 EDECO Petroleum Services Ltd. June 1998 This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily coincide with those of the client. Information on SKB technical reports froml 977-1978 (TR 121), 1979 (TR 79-28), 1980 (TR 80-26), 1981 (TR 81-17), 1982 (TR 82-28), 1983 (TR 83-77), 1984 (TR 85-01), 1985 (TR 85-20), 1986 (TR 86-31), 1987 (TR 87-33), 1988 (TR 88-32), 1989 (TR 89-40), 1990 (TR 90-46), 1991 (TR 91-64), 1992 (TR 92-46), 1993 (TR 93-34), 1994 (TR 94-33), 1995 (TR 95-37) and 1996 (TR 96-25) is available through SKB. -
Geology and Petroleum Systems of the Eastern Meseta and Atlas Domains of Morocco
258 Paper 22 Geology and petroleum systems of the Eastern Meseta and Atlas Domains of Morocco FATIMA CHARRAT\ MOHAMAD ELALTI\ MoHO HAMIDI M. NOR2, NG TONG SAN2, SUPIAN SUNTEK2 AND TJIA, H.D.2 10ttice National de Recherches et d'Exploitations Petrolieres Rabat, Maghreb 2PETRONAS Carigali, Tower 1, Petronas Twin Towers 50088 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Morocco (Maghreb), located in Northwest Africa, has three main structural domains: The (a) RifDomain, the (b) Atlas Domain comprising two different structural regions, the relatively stable eastern and western Meseta, (characterized by mildly deformed Mesozoic strata) and the active Middle-High Atlas Belts, where the Meso Cenozoic section was highly folded during the Alpine orogeny; and finally, the (c) Sahara-Anti Atlas Domain at the south, marks the stable margin of the West African Craton. The eastern Meseta, with the Middle and the High Atlas chains (Atlas Domain ss.) is the objective of our study; it extends eastward through Algeria. The Middle Atlas and the High Atlas tectonic belts frame the Meseta. The Cambrian marine transgression over the northwestern African continental platform allowed deposition of shales, silts and sands over a faulted land surface. Folding at the Late Cambrian generated an irregular angular unconformity with the Ordovician sequence. This sequence, dominantly argillaceous at the beginning, ended with a regressive phase of glacio-marine sedimentation that developed coarse sandstones and micro-conglomerate. Volcanic eruptions caused localised metamorphism. The Ordovician ended with regression due to the emergence of the area (Taconic phase). Glacio-eustatism followed, leading to the widespread Silurian deposits of graptolite bearing black clays in shallow marine, confined (euxinic) troughs. -
OUGS Journal 32
Open University Geological Society Journal Volume 32 (1–2) 2011 Editor: Dr David M. Jones e-mail: [email protected] The Open University Geological Society (OUGS) and its Journal Editor accept no responsibility for breach of copyright. Copyright for the work remains with the authors, but copyright for the published articles is that of the OUGS. ISSN 0143-9472 © Copyright reserved OUGS Journal 32 (1–2) Edition 2011, printed by Hobbs the Printers Ltd, Totton, Hampshire Committee of the Open University Geological Society 2011 Society Website: ougs.org Executive Committee President: Dr Dave McGarvie, Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA Chairman: Linda Fowler Secretary: Sue Vernon, Treasurer: John Gooch Membership Secretary: Phyllis Turkington Newsletter Editor: Karen Scott Events Officer: Chris Arkwright Information Officer: vacant at time of going to press Branch Organisers East Anglia (EAn): Wendy Hamilton East Midlands (EMi): Don Cameron East Scotland (ESc): Stuart Swales Ireland (Ire): John Leahy London (Lon): Jenny Parry Mainland Europe (Eur): Elisabeth d'Eyrames Northumbria (Nor): Paul Williams North West (NWe): Mrs Jane Schollick Oxford (Oxf): Sally Munnings Severnside (Ssi): Janet Hiscott South East (SEa): Elizabeth Boucher South West (SWe): Chris Popham Walton Hall (WHa): Tom Miller Wessex (Wsx): Sheila Alderman West Midlands (WMi): Linda Tonkin West Scotland (WSc): Jacqueline Wiles Yorkshire (Yor): Geoff Hopkins Other officers (non-OUGSC voting unless otherwise indicated) Sales Administrator (voting OUGSC member ): vacant at time of going to press Administrator: Don Cameron Minutes Secretary: Pauline Kirtley Journal Editor: Dr David M. Jones Archivist/Reviews: Jane Michael Webmaster: Stuart Swales Deputy Webmaster: Martin Bryan Gift Aid Officer: Ann Goundry OUSA Representative: Capt. -
A Multilingual Metadata Catalog for the ILTER: Issues and Approaches
Ecological Informatics 5 (2010) 187–193 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Ecological Informatics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecolinf A multilingual metadata catalog for the ILTER: Issues and approaches Kristin L. Vanderbilt a,⁎, David Blankman b, Xuebing Guo c, Honglin He c, Chau-Chin Lin d, Sheng-Shan Lu d, Akiko Ogawa e, Éamonn Ó Tuama f, Herbert Schentz g, Wen Su c a Sevilleta LTER, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 USA b LTER-Israel, Ben Gurion University, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel c Chinese Ecological Research Network, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China d Taiwan Ecological Research Network, Taiwan Forest Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan e JaLTER, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tokyo, Japan f GBIF Secretariat, Copenhagen, Denmark g Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Vienna, Austria article info abstract Keywords: The International Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER) Network's strategic plan calls for widespread data Challenges exchange among member networks to support broad scale synthetic studies of ecological systems. However, Language natural language differences are common among ILTER country networks and seriously inhibit the exchange, Translation interpretation and proper use of ecological data. As a first step toward building a multilingual metadata Ecology catalog, the ILTER has adopted Ecological Metadata Language (EML) as its standard, and ILTER members are Ontology asked to share discovery level metadata in English. Presently, the burden of translation is on the data providers, who frequently have few resources for information management. Tools to assist with metadata capture and translation, such as localized metadata editors and a multilingual environmental thesaurus, are needed and will be developed in the near future.